EP0051310B1 - Apparatus for producing cast products - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing cast products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051310B1
EP0051310B1 EP81109420A EP81109420A EP0051310B1 EP 0051310 B1 EP0051310 B1 EP 0051310B1 EP 81109420 A EP81109420 A EP 81109420A EP 81109420 A EP81109420 A EP 81109420A EP 0051310 B1 EP0051310 B1 EP 0051310B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum
die casting
casting machine
machine according
suction pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP81109420A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0051310A1 (en
Inventor
Edgar Dr.-Ing. Lossack
Jochen Dr. Ing. Spriestersbach
Josef Bauer
Wilfried Schwab
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Maschinenfabrik Mueller Weingarten AG
Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
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Maschinenfabrik Mueller Weingarten AG
Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG
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Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Mueller Weingarten AG, Vereinigte Aluminium Werke AG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Mueller Weingarten AG
Priority to AT81109420T priority Critical patent/ATE11381T1/en
Publication of EP0051310A1 publication Critical patent/EP0051310A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a die casting machine for producing low-gas, low-pore and low-oxide castings, in particular castings of approximately 1 to 3 kg shot weight made of metals or their alloys, with a mold provided with a vacuum connection and a holding device for the melt, the Warming device is connected to the filling chamber via a suction pipe provided with a nozzle, in which a casting piston attached to a piston rod is provided for pressing the melt into the mold and the filling chamber is acted upon by vacuum from a further vacuum connection (DE-A-2 641 116) .
  • die casting machines were used in which a displacement gas, preferably oxygen, was introduced into the filling chamber and into the mold cavity, thereby displacing the air.
  • the liquid aluminum is then poured into the filling chamber and, by swirling the liquid aluminum with the oxygen, a reaction to aluminum oxide particles is produced, which are then distributed as solid particles in the casting.
  • a displacement gas preferably oxygen
  • the liquid aluminum is then poured into the filling chamber and, by swirling the liquid aluminum with the oxygen, a reaction to aluminum oxide particles is produced, which are then distributed as solid particles in the casting.
  • only mineral oil-free lubricants can be used, since there is otherwise a risk of explosion during the filling phase. This results in difficulties in the distribution of the lubricant, since inorganic, solid lubricants can preferably be used. If the mold filling speed is inadequate, fluctuations in the oxide distribution can also occur which impair the quality of the casting. ;
  • die casting machines In order to achieve an increased casting output, die casting machines have also been developed in which the molten metal is drawn into the filling chamber by means of a vacuum via a suction pipe (DE-A-1 458 151). A sufficient vacuum must be present during the mold filling phase and the dosing phase in order to suck in the hydrogen content of the melt and the air present in the mold cavity and in the filling chamber, as well as the casting gases generated during contact with the liquid aluminum.
  • the use of such die casting machines was aimed at reducing the oxide content in the castings.
  • DE-A-2 641 116 shows in Fig. 1 a die casting machine according to the preamble of claim 1, in which the mold via a vacuum line and the filling chamber via a near the piston end (in its retracted position), with the Vacuum line connected opening can be applied to vacuum.
  • the vacuum is introduced into the filling chamber at the same location where the molten metal also enters.
  • the vacuum line is terminated, so that during the subsequent further mold filling phase, the aforementioned difficulties in removing the gas contents and impurities still present in the melt occur .
  • the object is to develop a die casting machine with which, with particularly high productivity, castings of an excellent quality can be produced, which can be subsequently tempered at high temperature and whose content of metal oxides is particularly low .
  • a bore is made on the piston rod up to the region of the casting piston and ends there in an annular channel of the casting piston. This ensures that the vacuum can remain applied to the filling chamber to the full extent even until the mold filling phase is completed, as a result of which particularly good degassing of the melt can be achieved, which leads to castings of such quality that they are thermally annealed at temperatures can be subjected, as they are required in solution annealing of aluminum materials.
  • the castings produced with the die casting machine according to the invention have particularly good mechanical properties and can also be subjected to surface finishing without difficulty, so that nothing stands in the way of decorative or functional surface finishing such as anodizing, PTFE and enamel coating.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the die casting machine according to the invention is that the further vacuum connection is provided with a vacuum valve and this can be controlled even before the two mold halves meet. In this way it can be avoided that a jerky backflow occurs within the filling chamber and thus within the suction pipe during the form-fitting process, which could have a disadvantageous effect in the melt.
  • an interchangeable throttle is provided to adjust the speed of the molten metal during the transition from the warming device into the intake manifold, the interchangeable throttle preferably being arranged in the lower end region of the intake manifold and made from a wear-resistant, refractory material is and preferably has a diameter of 4 to 8 mm in cross section.
  • This exchangeable throttle not only gives the possibility of an exact metal dosing, but it also gives the possibility to extend the duration of action of the vacuum on the liquid aluminum melt as long as possible.
  • filter material can also be advantageously arranged in the intake manifold.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the die casting machine according to the invention also consists in the suction pipe being equipped with a heating device which is preferably designed as induction heating or gas heating and which is effective up to the upper connection region of the suction pipe.
  • a heating device which is preferably designed as induction heating or gas heating and which is effective up to the upper connection region of the suction pipe.
  • Such a heating device guarantees a perfect flow of the molten metal through the suction pipe and prevents so-called "freezing" of the suction pipe even with a longer product time.
  • the viscosity of the molten metal can be influenced favorably by the heating device after it has left the holding furnace.
  • the warming device is arranged below the filling chamber between a fixed platen and the drive for the casting piston.
  • the invention further relates to a control unit for regulating the vacuum in a die casting machine according to the invention, this control unit being characterized in that the vacuum build-up in the entire system is monitored by means of a vacuum measuring device with adjustable switching points and the suction quantity is controlled accordingly via a control valve.
  • the vacuum build-up can be preselected according to the requirements of the application, and the inflow speed of the metal to the casting chamber can thus be influenced favorably.
  • Fig. 1 only the area of the fixed platen 31 with a fixed mold half 14 and a movable mold half 16 is shown essentially from a die casting machine.
  • the valve for the vacuum connection for the mold is indicated by »17 «.
  • FIG. 3 For example a pan, the gate area being designated by “28” and the two vacuum connections being designated by “29” and “30”.
  • a casting run 18 is also provided.
  • a connection 11 for the piston lubrication ends.
  • a conical extension 4a is also attached, as a result of which the metal entering the filling chamber 10 from the suction pipe 6 is deflected to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, and turbulence can thereby be avoided.
  • the rear area 10a of the filling chamber 10 is lined with a heat-resistant seal 3.
  • the suction pipe 6 is suspended by means of a clamp 22 which engages with a lower hook-shaped nose 24 under an annular flange 25 of the suction pipe 6.
  • a spring pin 1 is guided through the clamp 22 from above, resulting in an elastic bracing of the conical end 6b within the corresponding conical connection on the filling chamber 10.
  • An insulating liner 23 is provided in the intake manifold 6, which is chemically inert and is less wettable against aluminum alloys.
  • the holding oven 9 is adjustable in height, which, for the sake of simplicity, is not shown separately. In this way, a desired immersion depth of the suction pipe 6 in the molten metal can always be ensured.
  • the holding furnace 9 can also be lowered and extended laterally to facilitate removal or replacement of the suction tube 6.
  • Fig. 2 the piston rod 21 is shown with the casting piston 4 as a detail; it has a bore 27 of a piston cooling device known per se.
  • the actual suction channel 20 for the vacuum is passed through the piston rod 21 and ends with the end region 20a in an annular channel 26. This ensures that the vacuum on the casting piston 4 can be maintained even while the casting piston 4 is moving forward.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)

Abstract

A diecasting process for producing cast pieces for metals or their alloys by means of a horizontal cold chamber diecasting machine. The diecasting machine includes a diecasting mold held under a vacuum, a fill chamber coupled to the diecasting mold, a holding furnace containing metal melt, a suction pipe partially immersed in the holding furnace and coupled to the fill chamber, means for transporting metal melt from the holding furnace through the suction pipe into the fill chamber under a vacuum, and means for moving the metal melt from the fill chamber into the diecasting mold. During the dosaging phase when the fill chamber is filled with metal melt, gases and lubricant vapors are developed upon entry of the melt into the fill chamber. The process includes the steps of maintaining the vacuum in the fill chamber during the dosaging phase until the gases and lubricant vapors so developed have been substantially extracted and maintaining the vacuum in the fill chamber to its maximum extent until the diecasting mold is completely filled with the metal melt.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Druckgießmaschine zur Herstellung gasarmer, porenarmer und oxydarmer Gußstücke, insbesondere Gußstücke von ca. 1 bis 3 kg Schußgewicht aus Metallen oder deren Legierungen, mit einer mit einem Vakuum-Anschluß versehenen Form und einer Warmhalteeinrichtung für die Schmelze, wobei die Warmhalteeinrichtung über ein mit einer Düse versehenes Saugrohr mit der Füllkammer verbunden ist, in der ein an einer Kolbenstange befestigter Gießkolben zum Eindrücken der Schmelze in die Form vorgesehen und die Füllkammer mit Vakuum aus einem weiteren Vakuumanschluß beaufschlagt ist (DE-A-2 641 116).The invention relates to a die casting machine for producing low-gas, low-pore and low-oxide castings, in particular castings of approximately 1 to 3 kg shot weight made of metals or their alloys, with a mold provided with a vacuum connection and a holding device for the melt, the Warming device is connected to the filling chamber via a suction pipe provided with a nozzle, in which a casting piston attached to a piston rod is provided for pressing the melt into the mold and the filling chamber is acted upon by vacuum from a further vacuum connection (DE-A-2 641 116) .

Herkömmliche Druckgießmaschinen erzeugen Gußteile, die vielfach aufgelockerte, porige und stark verunreinigte Gefügebereiche aufweisen, was Festigkeitsmängel und Blasenbildung bei Wärmebehandlung zur Folge hat. Die Ausnutzung der bei Aluminium-Gußwerkstoffen möglichen Eigenschaften durch notwendige Vergütungsmaßnahmen, wie z. B. das Lösungsglühen, ist bei solchen Werkstücken nicht mehr gegeben.Conventional die casting machines produce castings that have loosened, porous and heavily contaminated microstructures, which results in poor strength and blistering during heat treatment. The exploitation of the properties possible with aluminum cast materials through necessary remuneration measures, such as. B. solution annealing is no longer given in such workpieces.

Um eine Güteverbesserung zu erzielen, wurden Druckgießmaschinen eingesetzt, bei denen ein Verdrängungsgas, vorzugsweise Sauerstoff, in die Füllkammer und in den Formhohlraum eingelassen und dadurch die Luft verdrängt wird. Anschließend wird das flüssige Aluminium in die Füllkammer eingefüllt und durch die Verwirbelung des flüssigen Aluminiums mit dem Sauerstoff eine Reaktion zu Aluminium-Oxidpartikeln erzeugt, die dann als Feststoffpartikel verteilt im Gußstück vorliegen. Obwohl die von solchen Druckgießmaschinen erzeugten Gußstücke vergütbar und von guter Qualität sind, können dabei jedoch nur mineralölfreie Schmiermittel eingesetzt werden, da ansonsten Explosionsgefahr während der Füllphase besteht. Hieraus ergeben sich Schwierigkeiten bei der Verteilung des Schmiermittels, da vorzugsweise anorganische, feste Schmierstoffe eingesetzt werden können. Bei unzureichender Formfüllgeschwindigkeit können auch Schwankungen in der Oxidverteilung auftreten, welche die Gußstück-Qualität beeinträchtigen. ;In order to improve the quality, die casting machines were used in which a displacement gas, preferably oxygen, was introduced into the filling chamber and into the mold cavity, thereby displacing the air. The liquid aluminum is then poured into the filling chamber and, by swirling the liquid aluminum with the oxygen, a reaction to aluminum oxide particles is produced, which are then distributed as solid particles in the casting. Although the castings produced by such die casting machines are heat treatable and of good quality, only mineral oil-free lubricants can be used, since there is otherwise a risk of explosion during the filling phase. This results in difficulties in the distribution of the lubricant, since inorganic, solid lubricants can preferably be used. If the mold filling speed is inadequate, fluctuations in the oxide distribution can also occur which impair the quality of the casting. ;

Um eine erhöhte Gußstückausbringung zu erzielen, hat man weiterhin Druckgießmaschinen entwickelt, bei denen die Metallschmelze mittels eines Vakuums über ein Saugrohr in die Füllkammer gezogen wird (DE-A-1 458 151). Hierbei muß während der Formfüllphase und der Dosierphase ein ausreichendes Vakuum vorhanden sein, um den Wasserstoffgehalt der Schmelze und die im Formhohlraum und in der Füllkammer vorhandene Luft sowie die während des Kontaktes mit dem flüssigen Aluminium entstehenden Gießgase anzusaugen. Der Einsatz solcher Druckgießmaschinen zielte darauf ab, den Oxidgehalt in den Gußteilen zu senken.In order to achieve an increased casting output, die casting machines have also been developed in which the molten metal is drawn into the filling chamber by means of a vacuum via a suction pipe (DE-A-1 458 151). A sufficient vacuum must be present during the mold filling phase and the dosing phase in order to suck in the hydrogen content of the melt and the air present in the mold cavity and in the filling chamber, as well as the casting gases generated during contact with the liquid aluminum. The use of such die casting machines was aimed at reducing the oxide content in the castings.

Ein bei Druckgießmaschinen stets relevantes Problem ist die Frage einer ausreichenden Entgasung der Schmelze während des Gießens. Denn es zeigt sich immer wieder, daß während der Formfüllphase noch erhebliche Gasgehalte und Verunreinigungen in den Gußstücken eingeschlossen sind, was zur Folge hat, daß solche Gußstücke bei hohen Temperaturen nicht mehr vergütet werden können, da sich Blasenbildung feststellen läßt.A problem that is always relevant for die casting machines is the question of sufficient degassing of the melt during casting. Because it is shown again and again that considerable gas contents and impurities are still included in the castings during the mold filling phase, with the result that such castings can no longer be tempered at high temperatures, since bubbles can be determined.

Aus der FR-A-1 283 857 (Fig. 1) ist eine Kaltkammer-Druckgießmaschine bekannt, bei der sowohl an die Form, als auch in der Nähe des Endes des Schußkolbens (allerdings nur in dessen zurückgezogener Position) das gleichzeitige Anlegen von Vakuum möglich ist. Hierdurch wird zwar durch die anfängliche Anlegung eines weiteren Vakuums im vorderen Bereich der Füllkammer eine gewisse Verbesserung der Entgasungswirkung bei der Vorwärtsbewegung des Kolbens erzielt, diese Wirkung ist jedoch nur in einem anfänglichen Bewegungsbereich des Kolbens gegeben, da dieser nach seiner ersten Anfangsbewegung gleichzeitig mit Überdecken der Einleitstelle des Gießmetalls in die Füllkammer auch einen Abschluß der dort eingeleiteten Vakuumleitung bedingt, so daß es im Verlauf der danach folgenden Abschnitte der Formfüllphase noch immer zu den oben bereits aufgezeigten Schwierigkeiten des Abführens der in der Schmelze noch vorhandenen erheblichen Gasgehalte usw. kommt, was zum Einschluß dieser Gasgehalte und Verunreinigungen in den Gußstücken führt.From FR-A-1 283 857 (Fig. 1) a cold chamber die casting machine is known in which both the shape and near the end of the shot piston (but only in its retracted position) the simultaneous application of vacuum is possible. As a result of the initial application of a further vacuum in the front region of the filling chamber, a certain improvement in the degassing effect during the forward movement of the piston is achieved, but this effect is only given in an initial range of movement of the piston, since after its first initial movement the piston simultaneously covers the The point of introduction of the casting metal into the filling chamber also requires the vacuum line introduced there to be terminated, so that, in the course of the subsequent sections of the mold filling phase, the difficulties already mentioned above of removing the considerable gas contents still present in the melt etc. still occur, Inclusion of these gas contents and impurities in the castings leads.

In der CH-A-313426 ist ebenfalls eine Kaltkammer-Druckgießmaschine gezeigt, bei der wiederum im hinteren, nahe dem Kolben befindlichen Bereich der Füllkammer ein Vakuumkanal in die Füllkammer einmündet. In der Druckschrift wird darauf hingewiesen, daß auch noch die Form selbst an ein Vakuum angeschlossen sein kann, so daß auch hier zumindest im Prinzip das Zusammenwirken von zwei Vakuumleitungen angegeben wird, deren eine in der Form mündet, während die andere im hinteren Bereich der Füllkammer das Vakuum aufbaut. Aber auch hier wird wiederum durch den nach vorwärts bewegten Kolben sehr bald die über den im Bereich der Füllkammer vorhandenen Vakuumkanal angelegte Vakuumquelle von der Formfüllkammer abgeschlossen, nämlich ab dem Zeitpunkt, ab dem der Kolben die Einmündungsstelle dieses Kanales überläuft. Somit ist auch bei dieser vorbekannten Druckgießmaschine noch immer die Möglichkeit gegeben, daß es zu unerwünscht starken Einschlüssen an Gasgehalten und Verunreinigungen in den Gußstücken kommen kann.In CH-A-313426 a cold chamber die casting machine is also shown, in which again a vacuum channel opens into the filling chamber in the rear area of the filling chamber located near the piston. The publication points out that the mold itself can also be connected to a vacuum, so that here too, at least in principle, the interaction of two vacuum lines is specified, one of which opens into the mold, while the other in the rear region of the filling chamber the vacuum builds up. But here again, the forward-moving piston very soon closes off the vacuum source created via the vacuum channel in the area of the filling chamber from the mold filling chamber, namely from the point in time at which the piston overflows the junction of this channel. Thus, even with this previously known die casting machine, there is still the possibility that undesirable strong inclusions of gas contents and contamination in the castings can occur.

Die DE-A-2 641 116 zeigt in ihrer Fig. 1 eine Druckgießmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, bei der die Form über eine Vakuumleitung und die Füllkammer über eine in der Nähe des Kolbenendes (in dessen zurückgezogener Position) liegende, mit der Vakuumleitung verbundene Öffnung an Vakuum angelegt werden. Allerdings wird die Einleitung des Vakuums in die Füllkammer an derselben Stelle vorgenommen, an der auch die Metallschmelze eintritt. Auch hier tritt nach einer ersten Anfangsbewegung des Gießkolbens gleichzeitig mit Überdeckung der Einleitstelle des Gießmetalls in die Füllkammer ein Abschluß der Vakuumleitung ein, so daß es während der anschließenden weiteren Formfüllphase zu den bereits erwähnten Schwierigkeiten des Abführens der in der Schmelze noch vorhandenen Gasgehalte und Verunreinigungen kommt.DE-A-2 641 116 shows in Fig. 1 a die casting machine according to the preamble of claim 1, in which the mold via a vacuum line and the filling chamber via a near the piston end (in its retracted position), with the Vacuum line connected opening can be applied to vacuum. However, the vacuum is introduced into the filling chamber at the same location where the molten metal also enters. Here too, after a first initial movement of the casting piston, at the same time as the point at which the casting metal is introduced into the filling chamber, the vacuum line is terminated, so that during the subsequent further mold filling phase, the aforementioned difficulties in removing the gas contents and impurities still present in the melt occur .

Hier setzt nun die Erfindung ein, wobei die Aufgabe gelöst werden soll, eine Druckgießmaschine zu entwickeln, mit der bei besonders großer Produktivität Gußstücke einer vorzüglichen Qualität hergestellt werden können, die bei hoher Temperatur nachträglich noch vergütbar sind und deren Gehalt an Metalloxiden ganz besonders gering ist.This is where the invention comes in, whereby the object is to develop a die casting machine with which, with particularly high productivity, castings of an excellent quality can be produced, which can be subsequently tempered at high temperature and whose content of metal oxides is particularly low .

Zu diesem Zweck wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Druckgießmaschine der eingangs genannten Art vorgeschlagen, daß als weiterer Vakuum- Anschluß eine Bohrung an der Kolbenstange bis in den Bereich des Gießkolbens geführt ist und dort in einem Ringkanal des Gießkolbens endet. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, daß das Vakuum an die Füllkammer auch noch bis zum Abschluß der Formfüllphase in vollem Umfang angelegt bleiben kann, wodurch sich eine besonders gute Entgasung der Schmelze erzielen läßt, was zu Gußstücken einer solchen Qualität führt, daß sie einer thermischen Vergütung bei Temperaturen unterzogen werden können, wie sie beim Lösungsglühen von Aluminiumwerkstoffen erforderlich sind. Die mit der erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine erzeugten Gußstücke weisen besonders gute mechanische Eigenschaften auf und können ohne Schwierigkeiten auch einer Oberflächenveredelung unterworfen werden, so daß einer dekorativen oder funktionellen Oberflächenveredelung wie Eloxieren, PTFE- und Email-Beschichtung nichts mehr im Wege steht.For this purpose, it is proposed according to the invention in a die casting machine of the type mentioned at the outset that, as a further vacuum connection, a bore is made on the piston rod up to the region of the casting piston and ends there in an annular channel of the casting piston. This ensures that the vacuum can remain applied to the filling chamber to the full extent even until the mold filling phase is completed, as a result of which particularly good degassing of the melt can be achieved, which leads to castings of such quality that they are thermally annealed at temperatures can be subjected, as they are required in solution annealing of aluminum materials. The castings produced with the die casting machine according to the invention have particularly good mechanical properties and can also be subjected to surface finishing without difficulty, so that nothing stands in the way of decorative or functional surface finishing such as anodizing, PTFE and enamel coating.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2-12 beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in subclaims 2-12.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine besteht darin, daß der weitere Vakuum-Anschluß mit einem Vakuum-Ventil versehen und dieses bereits vor dem Zusammentreffen der beiden Formhälften ansteuerbar ist. Hierdurch läßt sich vermeiden, daß während des Formschlußvorganges innerhalb der Füllkammer und damit innerhalb des Saugrohres ein stoßartiger Rückstau auftritt, der sich in der Schmelze nachteilig auswirken könnte.An advantageous embodiment of the die casting machine according to the invention is that the further vacuum connection is provided with a vacuum valve and this can be controlled even before the two mold halves meet. In this way it can be avoided that a jerky backflow occurs within the filling chamber and thus within the suction pipe during the form-fitting process, which could have a disadvantageous effect in the melt.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine besteht darin, daß eine auswechselbare Drossel zur Anpassung der Geschwindigkeit der Metallschmelze beim Übergang von der Warmhalteeinrichtung in das Saugrohr vorgesehen ist, wobei die auswechselbare Drossel vorzugsweise im unteren Endbereich des Saugrohres angeordnet und aus einem verschleißfesten, feuerfesten Material hergestellt ist sowie im Querschnitt vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 8 mm aufweist. Diese auswechselbare Drossel gibt nicht nur die Möglichkeit zu einer genauen Metalldosierung, sondern sie gibt auch die Möglichkeit, die Einwirkdauer des Vakuums auf die flüssige Aluminium-Schmelze möglichst lange auszudehnen.Another advantageous embodiment of the die casting machine according to the invention is that an interchangeable throttle is provided to adjust the speed of the molten metal during the transition from the warming device into the intake manifold, the interchangeable throttle preferably being arranged in the lower end region of the intake manifold and made from a wear-resistant, refractory material is and preferably has a diameter of 4 to 8 mm in cross section. This exchangeable throttle not only gives the possibility of an exact metal dosing, but it also gives the possibility to extend the duration of action of the vacuum on the liquid aluminum melt as long as possible.

Mit Vorteil kann anstelle der Drossel im Saugrohr aber auch Filtermaterial angeordnet sein.Instead of the throttle, filter material can also be advantageously arranged in the intake manifold.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine besteht auch darin, daß das Saugrohr mit einer vorzugsweise als Induktionsheizung oder als Gasheizung ausgebildeten Heizeinrichtung ausgerüstet ist, die bis in den oberen Anschlußbereich des Saugrohres wirksam ist. Eine solche Heizeinrichtung garantiert einen einwandfreien Durchfluß der Metallschmelze durch das Saugrohr und verhindert auch bei längerer Produktzeit ein sogenanntes »Zufrieren« des Saugrohres. Außerdem kann durch die Heizeinrichtung die Viskosität der Metallschmelze günstig beeinflußt werden, nachdem sie den Warmhalteofen verlassen hat.A further advantageous embodiment of the die casting machine according to the invention also consists in the suction pipe being equipped with a heating device which is preferably designed as induction heating or gas heating and which is effective up to the upper connection region of the suction pipe. Such a heating device guarantees a perfect flow of the molten metal through the suction pipe and prevents so-called "freezing" of the suction pipe even with a longer product time. In addition, the viscosity of the molten metal can be influenced favorably by the heating device after it has left the holding furnace.

Eine weitere vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine besteht darin, daß der Gießkolben stirnseitig einen konischen Ansatz aufweist, dessen großer Durchmesser kleiner als der Durchmesser des Gießkolbens ist. Durch diese Ausbildung des Gießkolbens wird die Metallschmelze beim Eintritt in die Füllkammer in deren Längsrichtung umgeleitet, wodurch Wirbelungen an der Kammerinnenwand vermieden werden können.A further preferred embodiment of the die casting machine according to the invention is that the casting piston has a conical shoulder on the end face, the large diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the casting piston. As a result of this design of the casting piston, the molten metal is redirected in its longitudinal direction when it enters the filling chamber, as a result of which eddies on the inner wall of the chamber can be avoided.

Es ist ebenfalls von Vorteil, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine die Innenwandung des Saugrohres mit einer feuerfesten Isoliermasse ausgekleidet der das Saugrohr selbst aus einem solchen Material hergestellt ist, wobei die Isoliermasse chemisch inert und mit einer geringeren Benetzbarkeit gegen Aluminium-Legierungen ausgebildet ist. Der Einsatz einer solchen feuerfesten Auskleidung des Saugrohres gewährleistet eine lange Standzeit desselben. Außerdem werden durch die chemische Beständigkeit und geringe Benetzbarkeit Querschnittsveränderungen während des Gießbetriebes vermieden.It is also advantageous if, in the case of a die casting machine according to the invention, the inner wall of the suction pipe is lined with a refractory insulating compound, the suction pipe itself being made from such a material, the insulating compound being chemically inert and having a lower wettability against aluminum alloys. The use of such a refractory lining of the suction pipe ensures a long service life of the same. In addition, cross-sectional changes during the casting operation are avoided due to the chemical resistance and low wettability.

Es ist weiterhin von Vorteil, 'wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine die Warmhalteeinrichtung unterhalb der Füllkammer zwischen einer festen Aufspannplatte und dem Antrieb für den Gießkolben angeordnet ist.It is also advantageous if, in a die-casting machine according to the invention, the warming device is arranged below the filling chamber between a fixed platen and the drive for the casting piston.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auf eine Steuereinheit zur Regelung des Vakuums bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine, wobei diese Steuereinheit dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Unterdruckaufbau im gesamten System mittels eines Vakuum-Meßgerätes mit einstellbaren Schaltpunkten überwacht und die Absaugmenge über ein Regelventil entsprechend gesteuert wird. Dadurch kann der Vakuum-Aufbau den Erfordernissen des Einsatzfalles entsprechend beliebig vorgewählt und somit die Einströmgeschwindigkeit des Metalles zur Gießkammer günstig beeinflußt werden.The invention further relates to a control unit for regulating the vacuum in a die casting machine according to the invention, this control unit being characterized in that the vacuum build-up in the entire system is monitored by means of a vacuum measuring device with adjustable switching points and the suction quantity is controlled accordingly via a control valve. As a result, the vacuum build-up can be preselected according to the requirements of the application, and the inflow speed of the metal to the casting chamber can thus be influenced favorably.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung im Prinzip beispielshalber noch näher erläutert: Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Schrägansicht des Formbereiches einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine, teilweise geschnitten;
  • Fig. 2 als Einzelheit die Ausbildung der Kolbenstange mit Gießkolben bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine, und
  • Fig. 3 die Lage der Vakuum-Anschlüsse bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckgießmaschine im Bereich des Anschnittes der Formgravur anhand eines Gußstückes.
The invention is explained in more detail below in principle by way of example with reference to the drawing: It shows
  • Figure 1 is a perspective oblique view of the molding area of a die casting machine according to the invention, partially cut.
  • Fig. 2 as a detail, the formation of the piston rod with casting piston in a die casting machine according to the invention, and
  • Fig. 3 shows the position of the vacuum connections in a die casting machine according to the invention in the region of the gate of the shape engraving using a casting.

In Fig. 1 ist im wesentlichen von einer Druckgießmaschine nur der Bereich der festen Aufspannplatte 31 mit einer festen Formhälfte 14 und einer beweglichen Formhälfte 16 dargestellt. Um den Bereich der Füllkammer 10 besser darstellen zu können, sind die feste Aufspannplatte 31, die feste Formhälfte 14, die Füllkammer 10, das eigentliche Saugrohr 6 und die Warmhalteeinrichtung (Warmhalteofen) 9 mit Schmelztiegel 8 teilweise geschnitten dargestellt. Mit »17« ist das Ventil für den Vakuum- Anschluß für die Form angedeutet.In Fig. 1, only the area of the fixed platen 31 with a fixed mold half 14 and a movable mold half 16 is shown essentially from a die casting machine. In order to better represent the area of the filling chamber 10, the fixed platen 31, the fixed mold half 14, the filling chamber 10, the actual suction tube 6 and the holding device (holding furnace) 9 with melting pot 8 are shown partly in section. The valve for the vacuum connection for the mold is indicated by »17«.

Die innerhalb der Form endenden VakuumLeitungen liegen oberhalb des Anschnittes. Um dies besser darstellen zu können, wird in Fig. 3 ein Gußstück 33 gezeigt, beispielsweise eine Pfanne, wobei der Anschnittbereich mit »28« und die beiden Vakuum-Anschlüsse mit »29« und »30« bezeichnet sind. Weiterhin ist ein Gießlauf 18 vorgesehen.The vacuum lines ending in the mold are above the gate. In order to better illustrate this, a casting 33 is shown in FIG. 3, for example a pan, the gate area being designated by “28” and the two vacuum connections being designated by “29” and “30”. A casting run 18 is also provided.

Im Bereich des Gießkolbens 4 endet ein Anschluß 11 für die Kolbenschmierung. Stirnseitig am Gießkolben 4 ist weiterhin ein konischer Ansatz 4a angebracht, wodurch das aus dem Saugrohr 6 in die Füllkammer 10 eintretende Metall zur Kammerlängsachse umgelenkt wird und hierdurch Verwirbelungen vermieden werden können. Der hintere Bereich 10a der Füllkammer 10 ist mit einer hitzebeständigen Dichtung 3 ausgekleidet. Die Aufhängung des Saugrohres 6 erfolgt mittels einer Klammer 22, die mit einer unteren hakenförmigen Nase 24 unter einen Ringflansch 25 des Saugrohres 6 greift. Von oben her ist durch die Klammer 22 ein Federbolzen 1 geführt, wodurch sich eine elastische Verspannung des konischen Endes 6b innerhalb des entsprechenden konischen Anschlusses an der Füllkammer 10 ergibt.In the area of the casting piston 4, a connection 11 for the piston lubrication ends. At the end of the casting piston 4, a conical extension 4a is also attached, as a result of which the metal entering the filling chamber 10 from the suction pipe 6 is deflected to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, and turbulence can thereby be avoided. The rear area 10a of the filling chamber 10 is lined with a heat-resistant seal 3. The suction pipe 6 is suspended by means of a clamp 22 which engages with a lower hook-shaped nose 24 under an annular flange 25 of the suction pipe 6. A spring pin 1 is guided through the clamp 22 from above, resulting in an elastic bracing of the conical end 6b within the corresponding conical connection on the filling chamber 10.

Im Saugrohr 6 ist eine Isolierauskleidung 23 vorgesehen, welche chemisch inert und mit einer geringeren Benetzbarkeit gegen Aluminium-Legierungen ausgebildet ist. Zur Heizung des Saugrohres 6 dient eine Heizeinrichtung 13, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Gasheizung angedeutet ist. Anstelle der Gasheizung kann aber auch, gleichermaßen vorteilhaft, eine Induktionsheizung vorgesehen werden, wobei es wichtig ist, daß die Heizung bis in den oberen Anschlußbereich 6b zur Füllkammer 10 reicht. Der Warmhalteofen 9 ist in der Höhe verstellbar ausgebildet, was, der Einfachheit halber, nicht gesondert dargestellt ist. Hierdurch kann immer eine gewünschte Eintauchtiefe des Saugrohres 6 in die Metallschmelze sichergestellt werden. Auch zum erleichterten Ausbau bzw. Auswechseln des Saugrohres 6 kann der Warmhalteofen 9 nach unten abgesenkt und seitlich ausgefahren werden.An insulating liner 23 is provided in the intake manifold 6, which is chemically inert and is less wettable against aluminum alloys. A heater 13, which is indicated in the exemplary embodiment shown as a gas heater, is used to heat the suction pipe 6. Instead of the gas heating, an induction heating can also be provided, equally advantageously, it being important that the heating extends into the upper connection area 6b to the filling chamber 10. The holding oven 9 is adjustable in height, which, for the sake of simplicity, is not shown separately. In this way, a desired immersion depth of the suction pipe 6 in the molten metal can always be ensured. The holding furnace 9 can also be lowered and extended laterally to facilitate removal or replacement of the suction tube 6.

Am Saugrohr 6 ist eine Drossel 7 vorgesehen, wobei der eigentliche Düsenquerschnitt 7a sowie die Länge des Düsenbereiches unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein können. Anstelle der Düse 7 kann aber auch ein an sich bekanntes Filtermaterial eingesetzt werden.A throttle 7 is provided on the intake manifold 6, the actual nozzle cross section 7a and the length of the nozzle area being able to be designed differently. Instead of the nozzle 7, a filter material known per se can also be used.

In Fig. 2 ist die Kolbenstange 21 mit dem Gießkolben 4 als Einzelheit dargestellt; sie weist eine Bohrung 27 einer an sich bekannten Kolben-Kühlvorrichtung auf. Der eigentliche Ansaugkanal 20 für das Vakuum wird durch die Kolbenstange 21 hindurchgeführt und endet mit dem Endbereich 20a in einem Ringkanal 26. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß auch noch während des Vorwärtsfahrens des Gießkolbens 4 weiterhin das Vakuum am Gießkolben 4 erhalten bleiben kann.In Fig. 2 the piston rod 21 is shown with the casting piston 4 as a detail; it has a bore 27 of a piston cooling device known per se. The actual suction channel 20 for the vacuum is passed through the piston rod 21 and ends with the end region 20a in an annular channel 26. This ensures that the vacuum on the casting piston 4 can be maintained even while the casting piston 4 is moving forward.

Claims (12)

1. Die casting machine for producing low-gas, low-oxide and low porosity castings, particularly castings with an approximately 1 to kg shot weight from metals or their alloys with a mould (14, 16) provided with a vacuum connection (17) and a heat maintaining device (9), for the molten metal, the heat maintaining device (9) being connected by means of a suction pipe (6) provided with a nozzle (7) to the loading chamber (10) , in which there is a casting piston (4) fixed to a piston rod (21) for forcing the molten metal into the mould (14, 16) and loading chamber (10) is subject to the action of vacuum, from a further vacuum connection, characterized in that as the further vacuum connection, a bore (20) on piston rod (21) is brought into the vicinity of the casting piston (4) and terminates there in a ring duct (26) of said casting piston (4).
2. Die casting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the further vacuum connection (2) is provided with a vacuum valve and the latter is controllable prior to the bringing together of the two mould halves (14, 16).
3. Die casting machine according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an interchangeable throttle (7) is provided for adapting the speed of the molten metal on passing from the heating maintaining device (9) into the suction pipe (6).
4. Die casting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the interchangeable throttle (7) is arranged in the lower end region (6a) of suction pipe (6) and is made from a wear-resistant, refractory material.
5. Die casting machine according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that in cross-section, the interchangeable throttle (7) has a diameter of 4 to 8 mm.
6. Die casting machine according to one of the claims 3 to 5, characterized in that filter material is arranged in suction pipe (6) in place of an interchangeable throttle (7).
7. Die casting machine according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the suction pipe (6) is equipped with a heating device (13), which acts into the upper connecting area (6b) of suction pipe (6).
8. Die casting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the heating device (13) is constructed as an induction or gas heating device.
9. Die casting machine according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the casting piston (4) is frontally provided with a conical shoulder (4a), whose large diameter is smaller than the diameter of casting piston (4).
10. Die casting machine according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the inner wall of suction pipe (6) is lined with a refractory insulating material (23) or the suction pipe (6) is itself made from such a material, the insulating material (23) being chemically inert and having a limited wettability with respect to aluminium alloys.
11. Die casting machine according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the heat maintaining device (9) is arranged below the loading chamber (10) between a fixed mould clamping plate (31) and the drive for casting piston (4).
12. Control unit for regulating the vacuum in a device according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the vacuum buildup in the complete system is monitored by means of a vacuum gauge with adjustable operating points and the suction quantity is correspondingly controlled by means of a regulating valve.
EP81109420A 1980-11-03 1981-10-30 Apparatus for producing cast products Expired EP0051310B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81109420T ATE11381T1 (en) 1980-11-03 1981-10-30 DIE CASTING MACHINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3041340 1980-11-03
DE19803041340 DE3041340A1 (en) 1980-11-03 1980-11-03 DIE CASTING METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LOW-GAS, LOW-PORENOUS AND LOW-OXYDOW CASTING PIECES, AND DIE CASTING MACHINE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051310A1 EP0051310A1 (en) 1982-05-12
EP0051310B1 true EP0051310B1 (en) 1985-01-23

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US (1) US4476911A (en)
EP (1) EP0051310B1 (en)
JP (2) JPS57152361A (en)
AT (1) ATE11381T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3041340A1 (en)
NO (1) NO157129C (en)

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EP0285688A1 (en) * 1987-04-07 1988-10-12 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Heating for the suction tube of a vacuum die-casting machine
EP0285686A1 (en) * 1987-04-07 1988-10-12 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Suction pipe for vacuum die casting machine
EP0496219A1 (en) * 1991-01-21 1992-07-29 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Die casting machine
DE4239558A1 (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-05-26 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Process for producing negative pressure in a die casting machine
DE19503784A1 (en) * 1995-02-04 1996-08-08 Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg Prodn. of drag or tipping lever used for valve of I.C. engine
EP0790090A2 (en) 1996-02-16 1997-08-20 Müller-Weingarten AG Vacuum die-casting machine
US6379609B1 (en) 1999-08-30 2002-04-30 Muller Weingarten Ag Process for controlling the amount of metal metered
DE10054870B4 (en) * 2000-11-06 2008-04-24 Bühler Druckguss AG die casting machine

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EP0285688A1 (en) * 1987-04-07 1988-10-12 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Heating for the suction tube of a vacuum die-casting machine
EP0285686A1 (en) * 1987-04-07 1988-10-12 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Suction pipe for vacuum die casting machine
EP0496219A1 (en) * 1991-01-21 1992-07-29 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Die casting machine
US5201358A (en) * 1991-01-21 1993-04-13 Maschinenfabrik Muller-Weingarten Ag Die-casting machine
DE4239558A1 (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-05-26 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Process for producing negative pressure in a die casting machine
DE19503784A1 (en) * 1995-02-04 1996-08-08 Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg Prodn. of drag or tipping lever used for valve of I.C. engine
EP0790090A2 (en) 1996-02-16 1997-08-20 Müller-Weingarten AG Vacuum die-casting machine
US6379609B1 (en) 1999-08-30 2002-04-30 Muller Weingarten Ag Process for controlling the amount of metal metered
DE10054870B4 (en) * 2000-11-06 2008-04-24 Bühler Druckguss AG die casting machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3041340A1 (en) 1982-05-13
NO157129C (en) 1988-01-27
JPS61117351U (en) 1986-07-24
EP0051310A1 (en) 1982-05-12
US4476911A (en) 1984-10-16
JPH0337812Y2 (en) 1991-08-09
DE3041340C2 (en) 1987-06-25
NO813701L (en) 1982-05-04
DE3168537D1 (en) 1985-03-07
JPS57152361A (en) 1982-09-20
NO157129B (en) 1987-10-19
ATE11381T1 (en) 1985-02-15

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