EP0047962B1 - Process for the manufacture of swellable filaments, fibres and products formed of acrylonitrile polymers, and the products so obtained - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of swellable filaments, fibres and products formed of acrylonitrile polymers, and the products so obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0047962B1
EP0047962B1 EP81107049A EP81107049A EP0047962B1 EP 0047962 B1 EP0047962 B1 EP 0047962B1 EP 81107049 A EP81107049 A EP 81107049A EP 81107049 A EP81107049 A EP 81107049A EP 0047962 B1 EP0047962 B1 EP 0047962B1
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Prior art keywords
fibers
filaments
carboxyl groups
acrylonitrile
units
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0047962A2 (en
EP0047962A3 (en
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Bernd Dr. Huber
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/18Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F11/00Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
    • D01F11/04Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
    • D01F11/06Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of threads, fibers and structures formed therefrom from acrylic polymers, the thread-forming substance of which consists of acrylonitrile and monomer units copolymerizable with acrylonitrile and has carboxyl groups which have at least partially been converted into the salt form, and the threads and fibers obtained thereby.
  • Acrylic polymer fibers containing salts of carboxyl groups are known.
  • DE-A-2 434 232 describes a process for the production of acrylic fibers with improved hygroscopicity, in which raw materials containing carboxyl groups are spun into fibers, the fibers are then crosslinked and the carboxyl groups are converted to the salt form in an aqueous alkaline medium.
  • polymers with up to 12% acrylic acid (corresponding to 7.5% by weight COOH groups) or 15% methacrylic acid (corresponding to 7.8% by weight COOH groups) are used.
  • the fibers obtained have good textile-technological properties, but due to the crosslinking they have been carried out, they are not swellable or only to a very limited extent.
  • DE-A-2 358 853 describes a process for producing fibers with high water swellability, in which spun fibers are crosslinked with hydroxylamine and then saponified in an aqueous-alkaline medium.
  • the fibers produced in this way occur in a strongly swollen form. If you dry these heavily swollen fibers or threads, you get a very brittle and in some cases also strongly bonded fiber material that cannot be further processed into textile structures such as yarns, knits or fabrics by the conventional method.
  • Alkaline hydrolysis can also be carried out in organic solvents containing alkaline water, such as, for example, glycol or glycerol.
  • alkaline water such as, for example, glycol or glycerol.
  • the products obtained in this way are also brittle in the dry state and cause problems in textile further processing (DE-A-2 903 267).
  • DE-A-2 942 064 describes swellable acrylic fibers with a core-sheath structure in which the sheath is composed of a hydrophilic, carboxyl-containing crosslinked polymer and the core is composed of a normal acrylonitrile polymer and / or another polymer.
  • the process described here in which the cladding layer is produced by alkaline hydrolysis in an aqueous medium, is, however, very complex since the fibers are obtained in a strongly swollen state and have to be dried with high energy input. In addition, there is always the great risk that, despite the crosslinking that has been carried out, the fibers stick strongly to one another during drying.
  • the thread-forming substance consists of an acrylic polymer which, in addition to acrylonitrile units and other units copolymerizable with acrylonitrile, contains 10 to 30% by weight of carboxyl groups.
  • Such threads and fibers can be obtained by spinning a polymer raw material according to the spinning processes customary for acrylic threads and fibers, the polymer raw material used being an acrylonitrile polymer or copolymer which has been partially saponified in the heterogeneous phase by dilute aqueous acids. A dilute aqueous sulfuric acid with a content of 40 to 50% by weight is particularly suitable for the saponification.
  • Such threads and fibers made of carboxyl-containing acrylic polymers, their connection and process for their preparation are the subject of a parallel application on the same day (EP-A-0 048 846).
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied to previously formed structures such as wadding, nonwovens, yarns or other textile fabrics which contain fibers containing carboxyl groups.
  • the swelling capacity can be precisely adjusted by the amount of the bases applied.
  • the reaction of the fibers and threads with free carboxyl groups with gaseous bases is a convenient method for converting the free carboxyl groups into the salt form.
  • Particularly suitable bases are ammonia, hydrazine and basic reacting organic nitrogen compounds, which are evaporable.
  • compounds which can be vaporized at temperatures below 200 ° C., optionally also under reduced pressure, can preferably be used.
  • monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, the corresponding ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexylamines and also the corresponding mixed compounds such as methylethylamine or methylbutylamine can be used.
  • Amines which also carry other functional groups for example 2-hydroxyethylamine or compounds in which the other functional group can in turn be an amine, for example 1,2-diaminoethane, are also suitable.
  • Cyclic, saturated or unsaturated nitrogen compounds such as pyrrolidine, pyrroline, pyrol, pyridine and their derivatives are also suitable.
  • other basic organic compounds such as hydrazines can also be used.
  • the fibers and filaments containing carboxyl groups can also be reacted in the anhydrous liquid phase with liquid bases or their solutions in anhydrous organic solvents.
  • liquid bases or their solutions in anhydrous organic solvents In water-free organic solvents it is also possible to use basic compounds which are not very volatile, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in alcoholic solutions or alcoholates dissolved in alcohols.
  • the threads and fibers according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in the hygiene sector, for example for the production of baby diapers or tampons, as an admixture fiber in fiber or thread fleeces, for example for use as shoe lining, for air-permeable but waterproof fabrics, as filter material, as an artificial nutrient medium for plant crops, as a water-retaining agent for garden soils, as drainage or spacer threads in cables for transmitting messages in order to localize a possible water ingress and the use of e.g. B. in a mixture with other synthetic fibers or threads in the production of synthetic leather.
  • the threads produced according to the invention in which the carboxyl groups are at least partially in the salt form, still have proper textile technology values. They can therefore be processed into shaped structures such as yarns, nonwovens, fiber slats, wadding, textile fabrics, etc., as long as care is taken to ensure that they do not come into contact with large amounts of water.
  • the swellable threads and fibers according to the invention are distinguished by tensile strength of more than 10 cN / tex and knot strengths of more than 6 cN / tex. They can be processed further with the help of conventional textile-technical processes to wadding, yarns and fabrics, since their textile-technological values correspond at least to those of wool.
  • the swellability or the water retention capacity can vary within wide limits depending on the degree of salt formation.
  • the water retention capacity can be set to values of, for example, 50 to 200%.
  • values of the water retention capacity can be set from a few hundred to a few thousand percent.
  • the swellable threads and fibers according to the invention have in their thread-forming substance about 10 to 30% by weight of carboxyl groups which have at least partially been converted into the salt form.
  • Powdery acrylic polymers of 93.7% acrylonitrile, 5.8% methyl acrylate and 0.5% sodium methallyl sulfonate were saponified heterogeneously with 46.2 to 48.2% sulfuric acids. The saponification was carried out under reflux for 2.5 hours. After the reaction solution had cooled, the polymer was filtered off, washed sulfate-free with water and then dried. The partially saponified acrylic polymers obtained were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) to form spinning solutions and spun into threads using the spinning processes known from polyacrylonitrile. The threads were washed, drawn, finished, dried, post-drawn, crimped and then cut into staple fibers with a cutting length of 40 mm in the usual way.
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • the fibers obtained show the following properties:
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • the factor of the sodium hydroxide solution was determined with oxalic acid, dissolved in 60 ml of water and mixed with 25 ml of DMSO.
  • the actual centrifugation was carried out using a laboratory centrifuge from HERAEUS CHRIST GmbH, type UJO.
  • the containers and samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 minutes each.
  • the distance between the cup nets and the axis of the centrifuge was 8.5 cm.
  • the centrifuged fiber samples were then weighed out and then dried in a drying cabinet at 120 ° C. to constant weight. The weight difference between the wet and dried sample, divided by the dry weight, was given in percent as water retention.
  • the staple fiber samples thus produced were further processed into card slivers and stored in this form overnight in glass containers filled with gaseous ammonia.
  • the fibers obtained according to the 4 examples were not glued together, the card slivers could be processed into yarns without difficulty.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fäden, Fasern und daraus geformten Gebilden aus Acrylpolymerisaten, deren fadenbildende Substanz aus Acrylnitril und mit Acrylnitril copolymerisierbaren Monomereinheiten besteht und Carboxylgruppen aufweist, die wenigstens teilweise in die Salzform überführt worden sind sowie die dabei erhaltenen Fäden und Fasern.The invention relates to a process for the production of threads, fibers and structures formed therefrom from acrylic polymers, the thread-forming substance of which consists of acrylonitrile and monomer units copolymerizable with acrylonitrile and has carboxyl groups which have at least partially been converted into the salt form, and the threads and fibers obtained thereby.

Fasern aus Acrylpolymeren, die Salze von Carboxylgruppen enthalten, sind bekannt. So wird zum Beispiel in der DE-A-2 434 232 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylfasern mit verbesserter Hygroskopizität beschrieben, bei dem carboxylgruppenhaltige Rohstoffe zu Fasern versponnen, die Fasern anschließend vernetzt und die Carboxylgruppen in wäßrig-alkalischem Medium in die Salzform überführt werden. In den Beispielen werden Polymere mit bis zu 12% Acrylsäure (entsprechend 7,5 Gew.-% COOH-Gruppen) oder 15% Methacrylsäure (entsprechend 7,8 Gew.-0/o COOH-Gruppen) eingesetzt. Die erhaltenen Fasern zeigen gute textiltechnologische Eigenschaften, aufgrund der vorgenommenen Vernetzung sind sie jedoch nicht oder nur in ganz geringem Umfang quellfähig.Acrylic polymer fibers containing salts of carboxyl groups are known. For example, DE-A-2 434 232 describes a process for the production of acrylic fibers with improved hygroscopicity, in which raw materials containing carboxyl groups are spun into fibers, the fibers are then crosslinked and the carboxyl groups are converted to the salt form in an aqueous alkaline medium. In the examples, polymers with up to 12% acrylic acid (corresponding to 7.5% by weight COOH groups) or 15% methacrylic acid (corresponding to 7.8% by weight COOH groups) are used. The fibers obtained have good textile-technological properties, but due to the crosslinking they have been carried out, they are not swellable or only to a very limited extent.

In der DE-A-2 358 853 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fasern mit hoher Wasserquellfähigkeit beschrieben, bei dem ersponnene Fasern mit Hydroxylamin vernetzt und anschließend in wäßrig-alkalischem Milieu verseift werden. Die dabei hergestellten Fasern fallen in stark gequollener Form an. Trocknet man diese stark gequollenen Fasern oder Fäden, so erhält man ein sehr sprödes und zum Teil auch stark verklebtes Fasermaterial, das nach dem herkömmlichen Verfahren nicht zu textilen Gebilden wie zum Beispiel Garnen, Gewirken oder Geweben weiterverarbeitet werden kann.DE-A-2 358 853 describes a process for producing fibers with high water swellability, in which spun fibers are crosslinked with hydroxylamine and then saponified in an aqueous-alkaline medium. The fibers produced in this way occur in a strongly swollen form. If you dry these heavily swollen fibers or threads, you get a very brittle and in some cases also strongly bonded fiber material that cannot be further processed into textile structures such as yarns, knits or fabrics by the conventional method.

Eine alkalische Hydrolyse kann auch in alkalisch-wasserhaltigen organischen Lösungsmittel, wie zum Beispiel Glykol oder Glycerin, durchgeführt werden. Auch die dabei erhaltenen Produkte sind in trockenem Zustand spröde und bereiten bei der textilen Weiterverarbeitung Probleme (DE-A-2 903 267).Alkaline hydrolysis can also be carried out in organic solvents containing alkaline water, such as, for example, glycol or glycerol. The products obtained in this way are also brittle in the dry state and cause problems in textile further processing (DE-A-2 903 267).

In der DE-A-2 942 064 werden quellfähige Acrylfasern mit Kern-Mantel-Struktur beschrieben, bei denen der Mantel aus einem hydrophilen, carboxylgruppenhaltigen vernetzten Polymeren und der Kern aus einem normalen Acrylnitrilpolymeren und/oder einem anderen Polymeren zusammengesetzt ist. Das dabei beschriebene Verfahren, bei dem die Mantelschicht durch alkalische Hydrolyse in wäßrigem Medium erzeugt wird, ist jedoch sehr aufwendig, da die Fasern in stark gequollenem Zustand anfallen und mit hohem Energieeinsatz getrocknet werden müssen. Außerdem besteht auch hier immer die große Gefahr, daß trotz der vorgenommenen Vernetzung die Fasern beim Trocknen stark miteinander verkleben.DE-A-2 942 064 describes swellable acrylic fibers with a core-sheath structure in which the sheath is composed of a hydrophilic, carboxyl-containing crosslinked polymer and the core is composed of a normal acrylonitrile polymer and / or another polymer. The process described here, in which the cladding layer is produced by alkaline hydrolysis in an aqueous medium, is, however, very complex since the fibers are obtained in a strongly swollen state and have to be dried with high energy input. In addition, there is always the great risk that, despite the crosslinking that has been carried out, the fibers stick strongly to one another during drying.

Es bestand also immer noch die Aufgabe, hochsaugfähige Acrylfäden und -fasern herzustellen, die sich problemlos nach den in der Textilindustrie bekannten Verfahren zu Watten, Garnen, Vliesen und anderen texilen Gebilden weiterverarbeiten lassen. Um eine problemlose Weiterverarbeitung zu gewährleisten, sollten derartige Fäden und Fasern wenigstens die textiltechnologischen Eigenschaften von Wolle, zum Beispiel im Hinblick auf Reißfestigkeit und Knotenfestigkeit, aufweisen.So there was still the task of producing highly absorbent acrylic threads and fibers that can be easily processed into wadding, yarns, nonwovens and other textile structures using the processes known in the textile industry. In order to ensure problem-free further processing, such threads and fibers should at least have the textile-technological properties of wool, for example with regard to tear resistance and knot strength.

Es wurde nun überraschend gefunden, daß es möglich ist, Fäden und Fasern aus Acrylpolymeren, die freie Carboxylgruppen aufweisen, in nicht-wäßrigem Medium in die Salzform zu überführen. Im Gegensatz zu den Polymeren mit freien Carboxylgruppen weisen Acrylpolymere, bei denen die Carboxylgruppen in die Salzform überführt wurden, ein hervorragendes Quellvermögen in Wasser auf.It has now surprisingly been found that it is possible to convert threads and fibers of acrylic polymers which have free carboxyl groups to the salt form in a non-aqueous medium. In contrast to the polymers with free carboxyl groups, acrylic polymers in which the carboxyl groups have been converted into the salt form have an excellent swelling capacity in water.

Hierbei besteht die fadenbildende Substanz aus einem Acrylpolymerisat, das neben Acrylnitrileinheiten und anderen mit Acrylnitril copolymerisierbaren Einheiten 10 bis 30 Gew.-% Carboxylgruppen enthält. Derartige Fäden und Fasern können durch Verspinnen eines Polymerrohstoffes nach den für Acrylfäden und -fasern üblichen Spinnverfahren erhalten werden, wobei als Polymerrohstoff ein Acrylnitrilpolymerisat oder -copolymerisat dient, das in heterogener Phase durch verdünnte wäßrige Säuren teilweise verseift worden ist. Besonders geeignet für die Verseifung ist eine verdünnte wäßrige Schwefelsäure mit einem Gehalt von 40 bis 50 Gew.-%. Derartige Fäden und Fasern aus carboxylgruppenhaltigen Acrylpolymeren, ihre Verbindung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sind Gegenstand einer Parallel-Anmeldung vom gleichen Tag (EP-A-0 048 846).The thread-forming substance consists of an acrylic polymer which, in addition to acrylonitrile units and other units copolymerizable with acrylonitrile, contains 10 to 30% by weight of carboxyl groups. Such threads and fibers can be obtained by spinning a polymer raw material according to the spinning processes customary for acrylic threads and fibers, the polymer raw material used being an acrylonitrile polymer or copolymer which has been partially saponified in the heterogeneous phase by dilute aqueous acids. A dilute aqueous sulfuric acid with a content of 40 to 50% by weight is particularly suitable for the saponification. Such threads and fibers made of carboxyl-containing acrylic polymers, their connection and process for their preparation are the subject of a parallel application on the same day (EP-A-0 048 846).

Bei der Überführung der freien Carboxylgruppen in die Salzform in Abwesenheit von Wasser gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine Quellung der Fasern und Fäden bei der Salzbildung vermieden, die ursprüngliche Struktur und damit auch die guten textiltechnologischen Eigenschaften werden daher auch bei den Fäden und Fasern, bei denen die Carboxylgruppen in Salzform vorliegen, weitgehend erhalten. Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es, daß bei gleichen Ausgangsfasern durch eine Änderung der zur Reaktion gebrachten Basenmenge das Quellvermögen der umgesetzten Fäden und Fasern in einem weiten Bereich variiert werden kann.When the free carboxyl groups are converted into the salt form in the absence of water in accordance with the present invention, swelling of the fibers and threads during salt formation is avoided, the original structure and thus the good textile technological properties are therefore also the threads and fibers in which the carboxyl groups are in salt form, largely obtained. A particular advantage of the process according to the invention is that with the same starting fibers, the swelling capacity of the converted threads and fibers can be varied within a wide range by changing the amount of base reacted.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann genauso auch auf bereits geformte Gebilde wie zum Beispiel Watten, Vliese, Garne oder andere textile Flächengebilde, die carboxylgruppenhaltige Fasern enthalten, angewandt werden. Auch dabei kann durch die Menge der aufgebrachten Basen das Quellvermögen genau eingestellt werden.The method according to the invention can also be applied to previously formed structures such as wadding, nonwovens, yarns or other textile fabrics which contain fibers containing carboxyl groups. Here, too, the swelling capacity can be precisely adjusted by the amount of the bases applied.

Auf der anderen Seite ist es möglich, auch die bereits in Salzform überführten Fasern und Fäden zu geformten Gebilden mit ausgezeichnetem Quellvermögen zu bearbeiten, da sie durch den Ausschluß von Wasser bei der Salzbildung in ihren textiltechnologischen Eigenschaften weitgehend unverändert geblieben sind.On the other hand, it is also possible to process the fibers and threads which have already been converted into salt form into shaped structures with excellent swelling capacity, since their textile technological properties have largely remained unchanged due to the exclusion of water during salt formation.

Als günstiges Verfahren zur Überführung der freien Carboxylgruppen in die Salzform bietet sich die Reaktion der Fasern und Fäden mit freien Carboxylgruppen mit gasförmigen Basen an. Als Basen eignen sich dabei vor allem Ammoniak, Hydrazin und basisch reagierende organische Stickstoffverbindungen, die verdampfbar sind. Vorzugsweise können dabei besonders solche Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, die bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 200°C, gegebenenfalls auch unter reduziertem Druck, verdampfbar sind.The reaction of the fibers and threads with free carboxyl groups with gaseous bases is a convenient method for converting the free carboxyl groups into the salt form. Particularly suitable bases are ammonia, hydrazine and basic reacting organic nitrogen compounds, which are evaporable. In particular, compounds which can be vaporized at temperatures below 200 ° C., optionally also under reduced pressure, can preferably be used.

Einsetzbar sind so zum Beispiel Monomethylamin, Dimethylamin, Trimethylamin, die entsprechenden Äthyl-, Propyl-, Butyl-, Pentyl- und Hexylamine und auch die entsprechenden Mischverbindungen wie Methyläthylamin oder Methylbutylamin. Geeignet sind auch Amine, die noch andere funktionelle Gruppen tragen, wie zum Beispiel 2-Hydroxyäthylamin oder aber Verbindungen, bei denen die andere funktionelle Gruppe wiederum ein Amin darstellen kann, wie zum Beispiel 1,2-Diaminoäthan. Geeignet sind ebenfalls cyclische, gesättigte oder ungesättigte Stickstoffverbindungen wie zum Beispiel Pyrrolidin, Pyrrolin, Pyrol, Pyridin und deren Derivate. Neben Aminen sind auch andere basische organische Verbindungen wie zum Beispiel Hydrazine einsetzbar.For example, monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, the corresponding ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexylamines and also the corresponding mixed compounds such as methylethylamine or methylbutylamine can be used. Amines which also carry other functional groups, for example 2-hydroxyethylamine or compounds in which the other functional group can in turn be an amine, for example 1,2-diaminoethane, are also suitable. Cyclic, saturated or unsaturated nitrogen compounds such as pyrrolidine, pyrroline, pyrol, pyridine and their derivatives are also suitable. In addition to amines, other basic organic compounds such as hydrazines can also be used.

Neben der Salzbildung im Gasraum können die carboxylgruppenhaltigen Fasern und Fäden auch in wasserfreier flüssiger Phase mit flüssigen Basen oder deren Lösungen in wasserfreien organischen Lösungsmitteln umgesetzt werden. In wasserfreien organischen Lösungsmitteln können auch schwer flüchtige basische Verbindungen wie zum Beispiel Natriumhydroxyd oder Kaliumhydroxyd in alkoholischen Lösungen oder auch in Alkoholen gelöste Alkoholate eingesetzt werden.In addition to salt formation in the gas space, the fibers and filaments containing carboxyl groups can also be reacted in the anhydrous liquid phase with liquid bases or their solutions in anhydrous organic solvents. In water-free organic solvents it is also possible to use basic compounds which are not very volatile, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in alcoholic solutions or alcoholates dissolved in alcohols.

Die erfindungemäßen Fäden und Fasern eignen sich besonders für den Einsatz im Hygienesektor, zum Beispiel zur Herstellung von Babywindeln oder Tampons, als Beimischfaser in Faser- oder Fädenvliesen wie zum Beispiel zum Einsatz als Schuhinnenfutter, für luftdurchlässige aber wasserdichte Gewebe, als Filtermaterial, als künstlicher Nährboden für Pflanzenkulturen, als wasserhaltendes Mittel für Gartenböden, als Beilauf- oder Abstandshalterfäden in Kabeln zur Nachrichtenübermittlung, um einen evtl. Wassereinbruch zu lokalisieren sowie der Einsatz z. B. in Mischung mit anderen synthetischen Fasern oder Fäden bei der Herstellung von Syntheseleder.The threads and fibers according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in the hygiene sector, for example for the production of baby diapers or tampons, as an admixture fiber in fiber or thread fleeces, for example for use as shoe lining, for air-permeable but waterproof fabrics, as filter material, as an artificial nutrient medium for plant crops, as a water-retaining agent for garden soils, as drainage or spacer threads in cables for transmitting messages in order to localize a possible water ingress and the use of e.g. B. in a mixture with other synthetic fibers or threads in the production of synthetic leather.

In Ausnahmefällen kann es von Vorteil sein, die Fasermaterialien leicht zu vernetzen, so zum Beispiel bei Einsatz in heißen stark alkalischen Medien, um die sonst unter diesen Bedingungen auftretende Löslichkeit herabzusetzen.In exceptional cases it can be advantageous to crosslink the fiber materials easily, for example when used in hot, strongly alkaline media, in order to reduce the solubility that would otherwise occur under these conditions.

Wie bereits oben angegeben, weisen die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Fäden, bei denen die Carboxylgruppen wenigstens teilweise in der Salzform vorliegen, noch ordentliche textiltechnologische Werte auf. Sie können daher zu geformten Gebilden wie Garnen, Vliesen, Faserlunten, Watten, textilen Flächengebilden usw. verarbeitet werden, solange dafür gesorgt wird, daß sie nicht mit größeren Mengen Wasser in Berührung kommen.As already stated above, the threads produced according to the invention, in which the carboxyl groups are at least partially in the salt form, still have proper textile technology values. They can therefore be processed into shaped structures such as yarns, nonwovens, fiber slats, wadding, textile fabrics, etc., as long as care is taken to ensure that they do not come into contact with large amounts of water.

Die erfindungsgemäßen quellfähigen Fäden und Fasern, deren fadenbildende Substanz aus einem Acrylpolymerisat besteht, das neben Acrylnitrileinheiten und anderen mit Acrylnitril copolymerisierbaren Einheiten und bis etwa 30 Gew.-% Carboxylgruppen enthält, die wenigstens teilweise in die Salzform überführt worden sind, zeichnen sich durch Zugfestigkeit von mehr als 10 cN/tex und Knotenfestigkeiten von mehr als 6 cN/tex aus. Sie können mit Hilfe üblicher textiltechnischer Verfahren zu Watten, Garnen und Flächengebilden weiterverarbeitet werden, da ihre textiltechnologischen Werte wenigstens denen der Wolle entsprechen. Die Quellfähigkeit bzw. das Wasserrückhaltevermögen kann je nach dem Grad der durchgeführten Salzbildung innerhalb weiter Grenzen schwanken. Bei geringem Gehalt an Carboxylgruppen und/oder geringer Salzbildung kann das Wasserrückhaltevermögen auf Werte von zum Beispiel 50 bis 200% eingestellt werden. Bei einer größeren Zahl von Carboxylgruppen und/oder einer gesteigerten Überführung in die Salzform sind Werte des Wasserrückhaltevermögens von einigen hundert bis zu einigen tausend Prozent einstellbar.The swellable threads and fibers according to the invention, the thread-forming substance of which consists of an acrylic polymer which, in addition to acrylonitrile units and other units which can be copolymerized with acrylonitrile, and up to about 30% by weight of carboxyl groups which have at least partially been converted into the salt form, are distinguished by tensile strength of more than 10 cN / tex and knot strengths of more than 6 cN / tex. They can be processed further with the help of conventional textile-technical processes to wadding, yarns and fabrics, since their textile-technological values correspond at least to those of wool. The swellability or the water retention capacity can vary within wide limits depending on the degree of salt formation. With a low content of carboxyl groups and / or low salt formation, the water retention capacity can be set to values of, for example, 50 to 200%. With a larger number of carboxyl groups and / or an increased conversion into the salt form, values of the water retention capacity can be set from a few hundred to a few thousand percent.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die erfindungsgemäßen quellfähigen Fäden und Fasern in ihrer fadenbildenden Substanz etwa 10 bis 30 Gew.-% an Carboxylgruppen auf, die wenigstens teilweise in die Salzform überführt worden sind.In a preferred embodiment, the swellable threads and fibers according to the invention have in their thread-forming substance about 10 to 30% by weight of carboxyl groups which have at least partially been converted into the salt form.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung sollen die nachfolgenden Beispiele dienen. Falls nicht anders angegeben, beziehen sich Prozent- bzw. Teilangaben auf Gewichtsmengen.The following examples are intended to explain the invention further. Unless stated otherwise, percentages or parts refer to amounts by weight.

Beispiel 1 bis 4Examples 1 to 4

Pulverförmige Acrylpolymerisate aus 93,7% Acrylnitril, 5,8% Acrylsäuremethylester und 0,5% Natriummethallylsulfonat wurden mit 46,2 bis 48,2%igen Schwefelsäuren heterogen verseift. Die Verseifung erfolgte jeweils 2,5 Stunden unter Kochen am Rückfluß. Nach dem Erkalten der Reaktionslösung wurde das Polymerisat abfiltriert, sulfatfrei mit Wasser gewaschen und anschließend getrocknet. Die erhaltenen teilverseiften Acrylpolymeren wurden in Dimethylformamid (DMF) zu Spinnlösungen gelöst und nach den von Polyacrylnitril bekannten Spinnverfahren zu Fäden versponnen. Die Fäden wurden in üblicher Weise gewaschen, verstreckt, aviviert, getrocknet, nachverstreckt, gekräuselt und anschließend zu Stapelfasern von 40 mm Schnittlänge geschnitten.Powdery acrylic polymers of 93.7% acrylonitrile, 5.8% methyl acrylate and 0.5% sodium methallyl sulfonate were saponified heterogeneously with 46.2 to 48.2% sulfuric acids. The saponification was carried out under reflux for 2.5 hours. After the reaction solution had cooled, the polymer was filtered off, washed sulfate-free with water and then dried. The partially saponified acrylic polymers obtained were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) to form spinning solutions and spun into threads using the spinning processes known from polyacrylonitrile. The threads were washed, drawn, finished, dried, post-drawn, crimped and then cut into staple fibers with a cutting length of 40 mm in the usual way.

Die erhaltenen Fasern zeigen die folgenden Eigenschaften:

Figure imgb0001
The fibers obtained show the following properties:
Figure imgb0001

Zur Bestimmung des Carboxylgruppengehaltes wurden etwa 150 mg des Polymeren in 25 ml Dimethylsulfoxyd (DMSO) gelöst, mit 60 ml Wasser versetzt und mit 0,1 -n Natriumhydroxydlösung potentiometrisch titriert. Der Faktor der Natronlauge wurde mit Oxalsäure, gelöst in 60 ml Wasser und mit 25 ml DMSO versetzt, bestimmt.To determine the carboxyl group content, about 150 mg of the polymer were dissolved in 25 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), mixed with 60 ml of water and titrated potentiometrically with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. The factor of the sodium hydroxide solution was determined with oxalic acid, dissolved in 60 ml of water and mixed with 25 ml of DMSO.

Zur Bestimmung des Wasserrückhaltevermögens wurden jeweils etwa 500 mg, bei hohen Werten geringere Mengen, der zerschnittenen Fäden in einen runden Becher aus Polytetrafluoräthylen gegeben, dessen offener Boden mit einem feinmaschigen Netz aus V4A-Gewebe versehen war. Der Innendurchmesser des Bechers betrug 1,8 cm, die Höhe, vom Netz aus gerechnet, 3,9 cm. Die Becher wurden mit Inhalt 1 Stunde lang in entionisiertem Wasser aufbewahrt, wobei diesem Wasser 1 g pro Liter des Natriumsalzes von Diisobutylnaphthalinsulfonsäure als Netzmittel zugegeben wurde. Zu Beginn der Flüssigkeitsbehandlung wurden die Proben 5 Minuten evakuiert, um anhaftende Luftblasen zu entfernen. Nach der Behandlungszeit, bei der die Proben gegebenenfalls noch in der Flüssigkeit hin und her geschwenkt wurden, erfolgte die eigentliche Zentrifugierung mit Hilfe einer Laborzentrifuge der Firma HERAEUS CHRIST Gmbh, vom Typ UJO. Die Behälter und Proben wurden jeweils 30 Minuten bei 4000 Upm zentrifugiert. Der Abstand der Bechernetze von der Achse der Zentrifuge betrug jeweils 8,5 cm. Anschließend wurden die zentrifugierten Faserproben ausgewogen und danach im Trockenschrank bei 120°C bis zur Gewichtskonstanz getrocknet. Die Gewichtsdifferenz zwischen feuchter und getrockneter Probe, dividiert durch das Trockengewicht wurde in Prozent als Wasserrückhaltevermögen angegeben.In order to determine the water retention capacity, approximately 500 mg, in small amounts at high values, of the cut threads were placed in a round beaker made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the open bottom of which was provided with a fine-meshed network of V4A fabric. The inside diameter of the cup was 1.8 cm, the height, calculated from the net, was 3.9 cm. The beakers were stored with their contents in deionized water for 1 hour, to which water 1 g per liter of the sodium salt of diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid was added as a wetting agent. At the start of the liquid treatment, the samples were evacuated for 5 minutes to remove adhering air bubbles. After the treatment time, during which the samples were possibly swung back and forth in the liquid, the actual centrifugation was carried out using a laboratory centrifuge from HERAEUS CHRIST GmbH, type UJO. The containers and samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 minutes each. The distance between the cup nets and the axis of the centrifuge was 8.5 cm. The centrifuged fiber samples were then weighed out and then dried in a drying cabinet at 120 ° C. to constant weight. The weight difference between the wet and dried sample, divided by the dry weight, was given in percent as water retention.

Die so hergestellten Stapelfaserproben wurden zu Kardenbändern weiterverarbeitet und in dieser Form in mit gasförmigen Ammoniak gefüllten Glasbehältern über Nacht gelagert.The staple fiber samples thus produced were further processed into card slivers and stored in this form overnight in glass containers filled with gaseous ammonia.

An den Faserproben wurde das Wasserrückhaltevermögen bestimmt sowie die Reißfestigkeit und die Knotenfestigkeit. Die erhaltenen Werte sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengefaßt worden.

Figure imgb0002
The water retention, tear strength and knot strength were determined on the fiber samples. The values obtained are summarized in the following table.
Figure imgb0002

Die nach den 4 Beispielen erhaltenen Fasern waren nicht miteinander verklebt, die Kardenbänder konnten ohne Schwierigkeiten zu Garnen weiterverarbeitet werden.The fibers obtained according to the 4 examples were not glued together, the card slivers could be processed into yarns without difficulty.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Ein Faden aus 300 Einzelfilamenten mit je 2,9 dtex, dessen fadenbildende Substanz aus einem Polymeren mit einem Carboxylgruppengehalt von 17,8% bestand, wurde mit Ammoniakgas bei Normaldruck behandelt. In bestimmten Zeitabständen wurden Proben entnommen und das Wasserrückhaltevermögen bestimmt. Dabei wurden folgende Ergebnisse gemessen:

Figure imgb0003
A thread of 300 individual filaments, each with 2.9 dtex, the thread-forming substance of which consisted of a polymer with a carboxyl group content of 17.8%, was treated with ammonia gas at normal pressure. Samples were taken at certain intervals and the water retention capacity was determined. The following results were measured:
Figure imgb0003

Claims (7)

1. Process for the production of swellable filaments, fibers and shaped structures of acrylic polymers, which contain carboxyl groups in the salt form within the polymer, characterized in that the filaments, fibers or structures shaped therefrom, the filament forming substance of which is composed of acrylonitrile units and monomer units which can be copolymerized with acrylonitrile, and has 10 to 30% by weight of carboxyl groups, is reacted with such amount of basis substances in the absence of any water that the carboxyl groups are at least partially converted into the salt form.
2. Process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the swellability of the filaments, fibers or shaped structures produced is fixed by the amount of the basic substances added.
3. Process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the basic substance used is a compound which contains at least one nitrogen atom that reacts in a basic manner.
4. Process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is ammonia, hydrazine or a vaporizable organic nitrogen compound.
5. Process as claimed in claims 3 or 4, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is reacted in the gaseous state with the filaments, fibers or shaped structrures which are to be used.
6. Swellable filaments and fibers, the filament-forming substance of which is composed of a not crosslinked acrylic polymer containing up to about 30% weight of units having carboxyl groups which have at least partially been converted into the salt form, as well as acrylonitrile units and other units which can be copolymerized with acrylonitrile, and the individual filaments of which have, in the dry state, tensile strengths of more than 10 cN/tex and knot strengths of more than 6 cN/tex, and which can be processed readily into waddings, yarns and sheet structures by means of customary textile processes.
7. Filaments and fibers as claimed in claim 6, which have a knot strength of 8 cN/tex or more.
EP81107049A 1980-09-13 1981-09-08 Process for the manufacture of swellable filaments, fibres and products formed of acrylonitrile polymers, and the products so obtained Expired EP0047962B1 (en)

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JP3369380B2 (en) * 1995-11-29 2003-01-20 東洋紡績株式会社 Improved moisture absorption / desorption fiber and method for producing the same
US6482344B1 (en) 2000-08-23 2002-11-19 Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg Superabsorbent polymer fibers having improved absorption characteristics
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