EP0047058B1 - Improvements in and relating to the application of reactable reagents with substrates - Google Patents
Improvements in and relating to the application of reactable reagents with substrates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0047058B1 EP0047058B1 EP81303274A EP81303274A EP0047058B1 EP 0047058 B1 EP0047058 B1 EP 0047058B1 EP 81303274 A EP81303274 A EP 81303274A EP 81303274 A EP81303274 A EP 81303274A EP 0047058 B1 EP0047058 B1 EP 0047058B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- reagent
- collapse
- rate
- interface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009992 mercerising Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009990 desizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- -1 aliphatic phosphoric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010011 enzymatic desizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
- D06L1/14—De-sizing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
- D06M16/003—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic with enzymes or microorganisms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/04—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in the form of a foam
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the reaction of reagents with substrates.
- DE-A-2214377 (GB-A-1 430 184) relates to a method of finishing a flat textile article which comprises applying thereto a foamed layer of desired treating agents, the height of which is controlled according to the amount of treating agents which it is desired to transfer and subsequently causing the complete destruction of the foam to transfer all the agents to the textile web.
- FR-A-2 758 486 also relates to a method of the type just described with reference to DE-A-2214377, but with the proviso that instead of causing the foam to collapse or be destroyed, a positive or negative pressure is applied to the foam carrying article, causing the totality of the foam to be rapidly drawn thereinto.
- a method of treating a surface with reagents which method comprises:
- the surface to be treated may be the surface of a substrate having a continuous surface such as a sheet, a filamentary material such as natural or synthetic fibres, a woven material including a knitted material or a random mat formed of natural and/or synthetic fibres.
- the reagent may be any reagent capable of interacting either physically, biologically or chemically with the material of said surface.
- the reagent is preferably present in an aqueous solution and the concentration of the reagent can be considerably in excess of that hitherto employed since the amount of reagent applied to the material is determined by the volume of the foam with respect to the initial volume of the reagent containing liquid and by the amount of agent released to the substrate by the collapse of the foam, and is not dependant entirely upon the concentration of the reagent in the initial solution prior to foaming.
- the collapse of the foam may be caused by heating the interface to a temperature at or above the boiling point of the liquid phase.
- the collapse of the foam at the interface may be caused by reducing the viscosity of the foam sufficiently to allow the liquid from which it is formed to contact said surface.
- the rate of collapse of the foam layer may be adjusted to adjust the rate of application of the reagent.
- Thermo- decomposition of the foam by heating of the interface may be effected by the application of, for example, hot air or steam to the reverse side of the material to be treated or by heat transmitted from, or emittedly, the surface of solid bodies.
- Collapse of the foam may also be effected by incorporating within the foam, destabilising agents which serve to reduce the viscosity of the liquid from which the foam is formed, for example when the temperature of the foamed liquid is raised.
- the residual reagent of the foam may be removed by washing, i.e. with water.
- highly active systems may be applied to substrates or materials in an easily controllable manner and at very high rates of interaction by controlling not the concentration of the reagent in the treating bath, but the amount of the bath which at any given moment is released by foam collapse at the interface, and brought in contact with the material to be treated.
- the bath containing the reagent is applied to the substrate in the form of the foam; the main dosaging factor is the rate of decomposition of the foam layer on the substrate in particular the layer of foam directly in contact with the substrate surface.
- the process comprises the application in foam form of agents capable of interacting with material of the substrate to the substrate surface and causing the foam'layer, in particular the interface foam layer to collapse at the rate desired and to terminate the interaction by removing or rendering inactive said agents where the desired degree of interaction has been achieved.
- the preferred method for gradually collapsing the interface layer of the foam i.e. the layer directly in contact with the surface of the substrate is destabilisation of the foam particularly through the application of heat and/or destabilising agents.
- a particularly suitable form of the process comprises in applying an aqueous system in foam form and applying heat to the substrate preferably from the side opposite to that treated with the foam, to generate temperatures which are higher than the boiling point of water, thus causing the interface layer of the foam to collapse and exposing the surface of the substrate to a new layer of cells of the foam containing agent capable of interacting with said substrate.
- the incremental application of agents capable of interaction of the material of the substrate according to the present invention is achieved by gradually increasing the flow rate of the foam, i.e. by decreasing the viscosity of the foam to a degree which enables it to diffuse in or onto the substrate as a liquid, the rate of diffusion being governed by the rate of collapse of the interface foam layer.
- heat may also be applied to the foam coated side of the substrate causing the foam surface to collapse in a gradual and controllable manner.
- the liquid released by the collapse of the foam layer dilutes the next layer of the foam and thus increases its flow rate by lowering its blow rate thereby resulting in further collapse of the foam so that the liquid thus generated finally diffuses gradually into the substrate at and through the foam substrate interface layer.
- the flow rate or flow tendency of any particular foam decreases with the blow rate, i.e. the degree to which the bath has been foamed.
- the blow rate may be expressed as the ratio between the volume of the foam of the bath and the bath before foaming, that is to say, a blow rate of 20:1 means that the bath has been foamed to twenty times the original volume.
- the flow rate or flow tendency may be determined by measuring the volume of the foam flowing through an orifice or tube of defined diameter during a given time, such as, per minute, or by measuring the angle at which a plate which is coated with a foam has to be tilted to start flow of the foam or by other similar methods.
- An alternative method to that outlined above may be applicable to substrates not permeable to hot air or not easily capable of transmitting heat from the reverse side to the interface with the foam layer. It consists, as described above, in increasing the flow tendency of the foam by gradually releasing liquid from collapsing layers of the foam thus diluting underlying layers of the foam and lowering their blow rate. Some of the liquid released from the collapsing layers of the foam has been found to travel through underlying layers of the foam along walls of foam cells to the interface foam layer and into the substrate providing also the gradual release of agent to and/or into the substrate itself.
- Liquid applied to the surface of the foam layer, or released by the collapse of the top layers of foam (facing away from the substrate) in this alternative method thus will flow through the foam onto the surface of the substrate, assisted by the lowering of the blow rate of the foam resulting from the flow of liquid.
- Thermal decomposition of the interface layer of the foam or of the foam layer per se may be suitable for adjusting the rate of interaction by simply varying the reaction temperature and the foam decomposition speed.
- the steam released in many cases will benefit the interaction by providing fast heat transfer and thorough penetration.
- Thermal decomposition of the interface layer may be assisted or substituted by physico-chemical means conductive to destabilisation of the foam, for example, by foam destabilisation agents (agents increasing surface tension), reducing effectiveness of foaming agents or of foam stabilisers used to produce and/or stabilise the foam per se.
- foam destabilising agents may be present in the substrate to be heated or treated and may be applied to the substrate or to the foam front layer during the interaction period.
- the further supply of the agents present in the foam with the substrate or material to be treated is terminated by removing the foam layer not yet decomposed, by stopping the front layer decomposition of the process and/or by rendering the system inactive. Since in most cases it will be necessary to remove unused reagents, decomposition products of reagents or ancillary agents present in the system, washing or rinsing of the treated material will be the most frequently used method to terminate the interaction.
- the bath is applied in the form which contains a mixture of agents capable of achieving different effects in consentive continuous treatments without rinsing between steps, for example, in the boiling off and bleaching with a bath containing alkali and bleaching agent such as for instance hydrogen peroxide, which is followed by a mercerising treatment, it is unnecessary (and undesirable from an economical point of view) to rinse after the alkaline peroxide has boiled off and bleaching preparation has been applied to cellulose-containing textile sheet material.
- alkali and bleaching agent such as for instance hydrogen peroxide
- the sheet material is fed into equipment capable of holding or even increasing the dimensions of the sheet material, in particular its width, such as for instance tenter-like equipment, and the concentration of the caustic is increased to mercerising strength and beyond by evaporation through the action of heat, care being taken that the boil-off and bleaching bath contains an amount of alkali hydroxide sufficient for giving a solution of mercerising strength when water is evaporated while the amount of water present in the fabric is still at a level at least equal to 25%, preferably at least 30% of the cellulosic fibre material present in the sheet material.
- one may apply additional amounts of caustic after bleaching/boiling off is completed the application of such additional caustic in the form of foam has the advantage of keeping the total amount of water low and thus saves energy in drying).
- the caustic may then be removed by neutralising and/or rinsing only after this partial drying.
- peroxide may be applied to the caustic containing sheet material as an aqueous solution containing virtually no or only small amounts of caustic.
- peroxide may be applied to the caustic containing sheet material as an aqueous solution containing virtually no or only small amounts of caustic.
- Still another variation consists in bleaching and boiling off with a preparation applied according to the invention, holding or increasing the dimensions of the sheet material while water is evaporated to concentrate ' the caustic, and removing the caustic by rinsing and/or neutralising only after a bleaching agemt has been applied to and reacted with the sheet material.
- the process may be a continuous one comprising the steps of applying a foamed agent to at least one surface of a moving sheet, applying means capable of collapsing the interface or front layer of the foam under conditions as regards rate of foam, decomposition and interaction temperature providing interaction to the degree desired within the interaction period determined by the duration of contact of the foam agent with the substrate while the foam collapsing system is effective, and thereafter terminating the treatment by deactivating the system causing the foam collapse at the foam substrate interface and removing unused reagents and reagent decomposition by rinsing.
- dying formulations may be applied by the method of the invention. If the sheet material contains or consists of cellulosic fibres, desizing, boiling off (removal of wax and other impurities present in the surface of the natural cellulosic fibres), bleaching and even mercerising (or other caustic treatments) may be carried out.
- sheet material there is to be understood not only coherent sheets such as plastic, metal or wood or paper, fabrics, woven, non-woven or knitted, but also particulate or fibrous material treated in a form of sheets, for example, materials arranged in the form of a thin layer carried on or supported by a conveyor belt or like structure, preferably permeable to liquids and air.
- Webs consisting of loose fibres, slivers, rovings, and card webs are examples of such sheet materials consisting of a multitude of essentially unbonded elements arranged and treated in the form of a sheet.
- Webs of loose cotton fibres for example may be boiled off, cleaned for the removal of dust, cotton seeds, wax, etc. and bleached in sheet form according to the present invention.
- Material may be treated according to the present invention in filamentary form, the filamentary material being treated either as single strands or as a multitude of strands travelling on parallel courses.
- the foam itself may be generated by blowing compressed air through a tube which carries a porous plate at an outlet end thereof, the tube being immersed in a bath of the reagent.
- the blow rate of the foam is dependent upon the foaming characteristics of the original bath.
- a cotton fabric in grey state (33 picks and 20 ends per centimetre, yarn count Ne 12 for the warp, 16 for the filling, weight 270 grams per square metre) was treated as follows:-A boil-off and desizing formulation containing:
- This foam was applied to one surface of the fabric in a layer 2 centimetres thick.
- the side of the fabric not treated with foam was brought into contact with a metal surface having a temperature of 300°C for 40 seconds (interaction time).
- interaction time During this period interface layers of foam were destroyed consecutively, the foam sheet previously applied to the fabric thus gradually collapsing from bottom to top, exposing fresh layers of foamed reagent with the collapse of each interface foam layer.
- the fabric was rinsed to remove unused foam reagent and the other agents present in the bath.
- the heaby cotton fabric was found to be uniformly (i.e. all over and all through) desized, all cotton seeds were removed and a marked lightening of the shade was observed (i.e. wax and coloured impurities had been removed by the treatment). No damage caused by the treatment could be detected, the textile strength was virtually the same as before the treatment, and the degree of polymerisation was 2550 (determination according to Swiss National Standard Method 195'598).
- Example 2 The same fabric as in Example 1 was treated with the same bath, the only difference being that collapse of interface foam layers was effected by convection of hot air and radiation emanating from a metal plate temperature 300°C arranged in a plane parallel to the plane of the fabric at a distance of 0.5 centrimetres underneath the fabric.
- the interaction time was 60 seconds, the after treatment and the effects produced were identical to those of Example 1.
- Example 1 The treatment of Example 1 was repeated with a light weight cotton sateen (grey state, 68/45 yarns centimetre, yarn. count Ne 46/42, weight 90 grams/square metre. The formation was the same as in Example 1, the thickness of the foam layer was 0.5 centimetres.
- Example 1 The fabric described in Example 1 was bleached with a foamed unstabilised protide bleaching bath of the following composition:
- the bleaching treatment was applied to the fabric after desizing and boiling off according to Example 1.
- the bath was turned into a foam (degree of foaming 20:1) as described in Example 1, and applied in foamed form to one side of the fabric in a thickness of 2 centimetres.
- Interface foam collapse was effected by contact heat as described in Example 1, the time of interaction being 40 seconds.
- the bleaching effect obtained was about identical to effects produced by conventional protide bleaching with much longer reaction times (whiteness 67.00% against 55.8 before the treatment). No tensile strength or degree of polymerisation damage could be found.
- Example 1 The fabric described in Example 1 was in one step desized, boiled off and bleached, using the following procedure.
- This bath was foamed and applied to the grey fabric as described in Example 1 (degree of foaming 20:1, foam layer thickness 2 centimetres). Interface foam collapse was effected as described in Example 1, the time of Internation being 40 seconds.
- Example 5 When a cotton sateen described in Example was treated with the bath of Example 5, the conditions of the treatment otherwise being those of Example 3, complete desizing, complete removal of seeds and excellent wettability were obtained.
- Removal of the agents after the interaction period was effected by applying a coating of foamed washing neutralising solution (blow ratio 1:30, bath containing 10 grams per litre of acetic acid and 3 grams per litre of Sandozin@ N1 (non-ionic wetting agent), thickness of foam layer 5 centimetres and sucking the foam through the web by means of vacuum slots arranged underneath the wire net conveyor belt.
- foamed washing neutralising solution low ratio 1:30, bath containing 10 grams per litre of acetic acid and 3 grams per litre of Sandozin@ N1 (non-ionic wetting agent)
- the treatment was treated twice with a foamed washing solution containing 1 gram/litre of a non-ionic foaming agent (Sandozin@ N1, sandoz), total layer thickness 10 centimetres, blow rate 10:1.
- the neutralizing and the washing baths were foamed in one example as described in Example 1, in another test by means of passing the bath through a commercially available continuous foamer (manufactured by Bombi, Settimello, Italy). Additional tests showed that the bleaching and boiling off baths used in previous examples could also be foamed in the continuous foamer.
- a cotton print cloth (120 grams per square metre) containing a starch size in grey state was coated with a foamed enzymatic desizing preparation containing per litre 25 millilitres of Rupid- ase and 2 millilitres of a non-ionic wetting agent (Sandozin@ NIT). The foaming degree was 1:40.
- the fabric thus coated was .subjected to a heat treatment consisting of guiding the fabric at a distance of 4 millilitres over a hot metal plate having a temperature of 300 centigrade degrees. The action of heat lasting 30 seconds. After the fabric was rinsed hot and cold, no starch could any longer be detected on the fabric.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to the reaction of reagents with substrates.
- In order to prevent damage caused by overdoses of reagents capable of chemical and/or physico-chemical reaction or interaction with materials or substrates to be treated, such agents usually had to be applied either in a concentration sufficiently low to prevent damage, or stabilised to a degree that permitted the release of only such amounts of reagent that at any given moment the concentration was low enough to prevent damage.
- In both cases the result is that the reaction proceeds at a rate which is slow. Where stabilisers have been employed, it has been necessary to adjust the reagent concentration, and these adjustments have been very delicate and an imbalance in the treatment system can arise as a result of variations for example in the temperature, in agents present in the substrate or in the material to be treated itself.
- In particular the treatment of substrates formed of woven or natural synthetic fibres or from substrates formed of mats of fibres in random orientation has been slow, and in consequence there is a need for a system which provides for more rapid treatment of such materials, while at the same time safeguarding the material and/or substrate itself against damage.
- DE-A-2214377 (GB-A-1 430 184) relates to a method of finishing a flat textile article which comprises applying thereto a foamed layer of desired treating agents, the height of which is controlled according to the amount of treating agents which it is desired to transfer and subsequently causing the complete destruction of the foam to transfer all the agents to the textile web.
- FR-A-2 758 486 also relates to a method of the type just described with reference to DE-A-2214377, but with the proviso that instead of causing the foam to collapse or be destroyed, a positive or negative pressure is applied to the foam carrying article, causing the totality of the foam to be rapidly drawn thereinto.
- According to the present invention there is provided a method of treating a surface with reagents which method comprises:
- (i) establishing a reagent in a liquid phase;
- (ii) forming a foam of said liquid phase;
- (iii) applying said foam to said surface to be treated to establish a foam layer on said surface, (iv) causing the foam to progressively collapse and deposit reagent on said surface, characterized in that the collapse of the foam takes place at the foam/surface interface without vacuum, and subsequently further supply of the reagents is terminated by removing the foam layer, terminating the decomposition of the foam at said interface, or by rendering the foam still on said surface inactive.
- The surface to be treated may be the surface of a substrate having a continuous surface such as a sheet, a filamentary material such as natural or synthetic fibres, a woven material including a knitted material or a random mat formed of natural and/or synthetic fibres.
- The reagent may be any reagent capable of interacting either physically, biologically or chemically with the material of said surface. The reagent is preferably present in an aqueous solution and the concentration of the reagent can be considerably in excess of that hitherto employed since the amount of reagent applied to the material is determined by the volume of the foam with respect to the initial volume of the reagent containing liquid and by the amount of agent released to the substrate by the collapse of the foam, and is not dependant entirely upon the concentration of the reagent in the initial solution prior to foaming.
- The collapse of the foam may be caused by heating the interface to a temperature at or above the boiling point of the liquid phase. Alternatively, the collapse of the foam at the interface may be caused by reducing the viscosity of the foam sufficiently to allow the liquid from which it is formed to contact said surface. The rate of collapse of the foam layer may be adjusted to adjust the rate of application of the reagent. Thermo- decomposition of the foam by heating of the interface may be effected by the application of, for example, hot air or steam to the reverse side of the material to be treated or by heat transmitted from, or emittedly, the surface of solid bodies.
- Collapse of the foam may also be effected by incorporating within the foam, destabilising agents which serve to reduce the viscosity of the liquid from which the foam is formed, for example when the temperature of the foamed liquid is raised.
- After completement of the treatment period the residual reagent of the foam may be removed by washing, i.e. with water.
- In a particular embodiment of the present invention highly active systems may be applied to substrates or materials in an easily controllable manner and at very high rates of interaction by controlling not the concentration of the reagent in the treating bath, but the amount of the bath which at any given moment is released by foam collapse at the interface, and brought in contact with the material to be treated.
- The bath containing the reagent is applied to the substrate in the form of the foam; the main dosaging factor is the rate of decomposition of the foam layer on the substrate in particular the layer of foam directly in contact with the substrate surface.
- In a further aspect of the present invention the process comprises the application in foam form of agents capable of interacting with material of the substrate to the substrate surface and causing the foam'layer, in particular the interface foam layer to collapse at the rate desired and to terminate the interaction by removing or rendering inactive said agents where the desired degree of interaction has been achieved.
- As stated above, the preferred method for gradually collapsing the interface layer of the foam, i.e. the layer directly in contact with the surface of the substrate is destabilisation of the foam particularly through the application of heat and/or destabilising agents. A particularly suitable form of the process comprises in applying an aqueous system in foam form and applying heat to the substrate preferably from the side opposite to that treated with the foam, to generate temperatures which are higher than the boiling point of water, thus causing the interface layer of the foam to collapse and exposing the surface of the substrate to a new layer of cells of the foam containing agent capable of interacting with said substrate.
- In an alternative embodiment of the invention the incremental application of agents capable of interaction of the material of the substrate according to the present invention is achieved by gradually increasing the flow rate of the foam, i.e. by decreasing the viscosity of the foam to a degree which enables it to diffuse in or onto the substrate as a liquid, the rate of diffusion being governed by the rate of collapse of the interface foam layer. In this case, heat may also be applied to the foam coated side of the substrate causing the foam surface to collapse in a gradual and controllable manner. The liquid released by the collapse of the foam layer dilutes the next layer of the foam and thus increases its flow rate by lowering its blow rate thereby resulting in further collapse of the foam so that the liquid thus generated finally diffuses gradually into the substrate at and through the foam substrate interface layer.
- The flow rate or flow tendency of any particular foam decreases with the blow rate, i.e. the degree to which the bath has been foamed. The blow rate may be expressed as the ratio between the volume of the foam of the bath and the bath before foaming, that is to say, a blow rate of 20:1 means that the bath has been foamed to twenty times the original volume.
- The flow rate or flow tendency may be determined by measuring the volume of the foam flowing through an orifice or tube of defined diameter during a given time, such as, per minute, or by measuring the angle at which a plate which is coated with a foam has to be tilted to start flow of the foam or by other similar methods.
- The flow rate or flow tendency of any particular foam will become almost zero at a certain blow rate and will remain at this very low level if the blow rate is increased. Foams with a low or with substantially zero flow rate, will collapse and thus release liquid capable of diffusing into the substrate very slowly unless foam collapse is caused by the method outlined previously, i.e. by thermo- destabilisation and collapsing of the interface foam layer by heat and/or destabilising agents applied through the substrate.
- An alternative method to that outlined above may be applicable to substrates not permeable to hot air or not easily capable of transmitting heat from the reverse side to the interface with the foam layer. It consists, as described above, in increasing the flow tendency of the foam by gradually releasing liquid from collapsing layers of the foam thus diluting underlying layers of the foam and lowering their blow rate. Some of the liquid released from the collapsing layers of the foam has been found to travel through underlying layers of the foam along walls of foam cells to the interface foam layer and into the substrate providing also the gradual release of agent to and/or into the substrate itself. Liquid applied to the surface of the foam layer, or released by the collapse of the top layers of foam (facing away from the substrate) in this alternative method thus will flow through the foam onto the surface of the substrate, assisted by the lowering of the blow rate of the foam resulting from the flow of liquid.
- Thermal decomposition of the interface layer of the foam or of the foam layer per se may be suitable for adjusting the rate of interaction by simply varying the reaction temperature and the foam decomposition speed. The steam released in many cases will benefit the interaction by providing fast heat transfer and thorough penetration.
- Thermal decomposition of the interface layer may be assisted or substituted by physico-chemical means conductive to destabilisation of the foam, for example, by foam destabilisation agents (agents increasing surface tension), reducing effectiveness of foaming agents or of foam stabilisers used to produce and/or stabilise the foam per se. Such foam destabilising agents may be present in the substrate to be heated or treated and may be applied to the substrate or to the foam front layer during the interaction period.
- The further supply of the agents present in the foam with the substrate or material to be treated is terminated by removing the foam layer not yet decomposed, by stopping the front layer decomposition of the process and/or by rendering the system inactive. Since in most cases it will be necessary to remove unused reagents, decomposition products of reagents or ancillary agents present in the system, washing or rinsing of the treated material will be the most frequently used method to terminate the interaction.
- However, where the bath is applied in the form which contains a mixture of agents capable of achieving different effects in consentive continuous treatments without rinsing between steps, for example, in the boiling off and bleaching with a bath containing alkali and bleaching agent such as for instance hydrogen peroxide, which is followed by a mercerising treatment, it is unnecessary (and undesirable from an economical point of view) to rinse after the alkaline peroxide has boiled off and bleaching preparation has been applied to cellulose-containing textile sheet material. After bleaching has been completed (if desired followed by a steaming treatment), the sheet material is fed into equipment capable of holding or even increasing the dimensions of the sheet material, in particular its width, such as for instance tenter-like equipment, and the concentration of the caustic is increased to mercerising strength and beyond by evaporation through the action of heat, care being taken that the boil-off and bleaching bath contains an amount of alkali hydroxide sufficient for giving a solution of mercerising strength when water is evaporated while the amount of water present in the fabric is still at a level at least equal to 25%, preferably at least 30% of the cellulosic fibre material present in the sheet material. Alternatively, one may apply additional amounts of caustic after bleaching/boiling off is completed (the application of such additional caustic in the form of foam has the advantage of keeping the total amount of water low and thus saves energy in drying).
- The caustic may then be removed by neutralising and/or rinsing only after this partial drying.
- If mercerising is to be carried out first (followed by boiling off and bleaching), peroxide may be applied to the caustic containing sheet material as an aqueous solution containing virtually no or only small amounts of caustic. Still another variation consists in bleaching and boiling off with a preparation applied according to the invention,, holding or increasing the dimensions of the sheet material while water is evaporated to concentrate' the caustic, and removing the caustic by rinsing and/or neutralising only after a bleaching agemt has been applied to and reacted with the sheet material.
- Even the action of enzymes with agents to be: removed by enzymatic degradation can be carried out by the process according to the presentt invention at much higher speeds than by conven-- tional methods. Complete removal of starch present in cellulosic textiles as warp sizing material was for instance effected by rinsing after an interaction between an enzyme applied in foamed form to a fabric containing the size in as little as 30 seconds.
- In the case of sheet material, for example, the process may be a continuous one comprising the steps of applying a foamed agent to at least one surface of a moving sheet, applying means capable of collapsing the interface or front layer of the foam under conditions as regards rate of foam, decomposition and interaction temperature providing interaction to the degree desired within the interaction period determined by the duration of contact of the foam agent with the substrate while the foam collapsing system is effective, and thereafter terminating the treatment by deactivating the system causing the foam collapse at the foam substrate interface and removing unused reagents and reagent decomposition by rinsing.
- In the case of sheet material such as films, fabrics treated in a continuous process, dying formulations may be applied by the method of the invention. If the sheet material contains or consists of cellulosic fibres, desizing, boiling off (removal of wax and other impurities present in the surface of the natural cellulosic fibres), bleaching and even mercerising (or other caustic treatments) may be carried out.
- In the case of other textile sheet material such as synthetic fibres, wool and blends, removal of sizes, scouring the removal of impurities from the fibrous material, the interaction of the fibres with strong swelling agents, the interaction of wool fibres with agents reducing the felting tendency of wool chemical or by in situ reactions, interfacial polymerisations, the interaction of fibres or fibre surfaces with agents capable of grafting, chain degradation or substitution reactions or with agents causing crosslinking of macromolecular chains (cellulosic, proteninic or synthetic) by the formation of covalent or hydrogen bonds or other forces enhancing intermolecular cohesion, may be effected using the process in accordance with the present invention.
- By the term "sheet material" there is to be understood not only coherent sheets such as plastic, metal or wood or paper, fabrics, woven, non-woven or knitted, but also particulate or fibrous material treated in a form of sheets, for example, materials arranged in the form of a thin layer carried on or supported by a conveyor belt or like structure, preferably permeable to liquids and air. Webs consisting of loose fibres, slivers, rovings, and card webs are examples of such sheet materials consisting of a multitude of essentially unbonded elements arranged and treated in the form of a sheet.
- Webs of loose cotton fibres for example may be boiled off, cleaned for the removal of dust, cotton seeds, wax, etc. and bleached in sheet form according to the present invention.
- Material may be treated according to the present invention in filamentary form, the filamentary material being treated either as single strands or as a multitude of strands travelling on parallel courses.
- The foam itself may be generated by blowing compressed air through a tube which carries a porous plate at an outlet end thereof, the tube being immersed in a bath of the reagent. The blow rate of the foam is dependent upon the foaming characteristics of the original bath.
- Following is a description by way of example only of methods of carrying the invention into effect.
- A cotton fabric in grey state (33 picks and 20 ends per centimetre, yarn count Ne 12 for the warp, 16 for the filling, weight 270 grams per square metre) was treated as follows:-A boil-off and desizing formulation containing:
- 80 grams per litre sodium hydrotide
- 7 grams per litre boil-off agent
- 1 gram per litre wetting agent (aliphatic phosphoric acid ester)
- 10 grams per litre washing agent (alkyl sulphate)
- This foam was applied to one surface of the fabric in a layer 2 centimetres thick. To cause collapse of the foam at the foam fabric interface, the side of the fabric not treated with foam was brought into contact with a metal surface having a temperature of 300°C for 40 seconds (interaction time). During this period interface layers of foam were destroyed consecutively, the foam sheet previously applied to the fabric thus gradually collapsing from bottom to top, exposing fresh layers of foamed reagent with the collapse of each interface foam layer. After 40 seconds the fabric was rinsed to remove unused foam reagent and the other agents present in the bath.
- The heaby cotton fabric was found to be uniformly (i.e. all over and all through) desized, all cotton seeds were removed and a marked lightening of the shade was observed (i.e. wax and coloured impurities had been removed by the treatment). No damage caused by the treatment could be detected, the textile strength was virtually the same as before the treatment, and the degree of polymerisation was 2550 (determination according to Swiss National Standard Method 195'598).
- The same fabric as in Example 1 was treated with the same bath, the only difference being that collapse of interface foam layers was effected by convection of hot air and radiation emanating from a metal plate temperature 300°C arranged in a plane parallel to the plane of the fabric at a distance of 0.5 centrimetres underneath the fabric. The interaction time was 60 seconds, the after treatment and the effects produced were identical to those of Example 1.
- The treatment of Example 1 was repeated with a light weight cotton sateen (grey state, 68/45 yarns centimetre, yarn. count Ne 46/42, weight 90 grams/square metre. The formation was the same as in Example 1, the thickness of the foam layer was 0.5 centimetres.
- Complete removal of the size present and of cotton seeds was observed, no damage to the tensile strength or to the degree of polymerisation could be found.
- The fabric described in Example 1 was bleached with a foamed unstabilised protide bleaching bath of the following composition:
- 45 ml per litre hydrogen protide (40% strength)
- 4 ml per litre wetting agent (same as in Example 1)
- 6 grams per litre sodium hydrotide
- The bleaching treatment was applied to the fabric after desizing and boiling off according to Example 1. The bath was turned into a foam (degree of foaming 20:1) as described in Example 1, and applied in foamed form to one side of the fabric in a thickness of 2 centimetres. Interface foam collapse was effected by contact heat as described in Example 1, the time of interaction being 40 seconds.
- The bleaching effect obtained was about identical to effects produced by conventional protide bleaching with much longer reaction times (whiteness 67.00% against 55.8 before the treatment). No tensile strength or degree of polymerisation damage could be found.
- Identical effects were obtained if foam collapse was effected as described in Examples 2 and 3.
- The fabric described in Example 1 was in one step desized, boiled off and bleached, using the following procedure. Bath Composition:
-
- This bath was foamed and applied to the grey fabric as described in Example 1 (degree of foaming 20:1, foam layer thickness 2 centimetres). Interface foam collapse was effected as described in Example 1, the time of Internation being 40 seconds.
- Effects obtained:- Whiteness equal to conventional bleaching effects, good wettability, removal of most of the size, no loss of tensile strength, degree of polymerisation higher than 2350.
- Identical effects were obtained with the same bath applied under the conditions described in Example 2.
- When a cotton sateen described in Example was treated with the bath of Example 5, the conditions of the treatment otherwise being those of Example 3, complete desizing, complete removal of seeds and excellent wettability were obtained.
- The combination treatment described in Examples 5 and 6 was applied to a cotton card web carried on fine-mesh stainless steel wire net.
- Removal of the agents after the interaction period was effected by applying a coating of foamed washing neutralising solution (blow ratio 1:30, bath containing 10 grams per litre of acetic acid and 3 grams per litre of Sandozin@ N1 (non-ionic wetting agent), thickness of foam layer 5 centimetres and sucking the foam through the web by means of vacuum slots arranged underneath the wire net conveyor belt. The treatment was treated twice with a foamed washing solution containing 1 gram/litre of a non-ionic foaming agent (Sandozin@ N1, sandoz), total layer thickness 10 centimetres, blow rate 10:1.
- Practically complete removal of cotton seeds, a bleaching effect sufficiently high to print or to dye the material (dyeing in medium to deep shades) after spinning and weaving, good wettability and a dust content of practically zero were obtained. Due to the use of foamed washing solution the amount of water remaining in the fibre material was found to be very low (less than half of what the same web retained when it was wetted in the same bath (unfoamed) and squeezed in a mangle). Drying thus was at least twice as fast.
- The neutralizing and the washing baths were foamed in one example as described in Example 1, in another test by means of passing the bath through a commercially available continuous foamer (manufactured by Bombi, Settimello, Italy). Additional tests showed that the bleaching and boiling off baths used in previous examples could also be foamed in the continuous foamer. A cotton print cloth (120 grams per square metre) containing a starch size in grey state was coated with a foamed enzymatic desizing preparation containing per litre 25 millilitres of Rupid- ase and 2 millilitres of a non-ionic wetting agent (Sandozin@ NIT). The foaming degree was 1:40. The fabric thus coated was .subjected to a heat treatment consisting of guiding the fabric at a distance of 4 millilitres over a hot metal plate having a temperature of 300 centigrade degrees. The action of heat lasting 30 seconds. After the fabric was rinsed hot and cold, no starch could any longer be detected on the fabric.
was turned into a foam by blowing compressed air through a tube which carried a porous plate (filtering plate G3), which plate was submersed in the bath. The resulting foam had a volume twenty times that of the liquid before foaming (blow ratio 20 to 1), the average cell diameter of the foam was below 0.08 centimetres, and the pot life of the foam was 20 minutes (time of complete collapse of the foam stored in a beaker at room temperature).
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81303274T ATE12665T1 (en) | 1980-07-22 | 1981-07-16 | USE OF REACTIVE REAGENTS ON SUBSTRATES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8023880 | 1980-07-22 | ||
GB8023880 | 1980-07-22 | ||
GB8106557 | 1981-03-02 | ||
GB8106557 | 1981-03-02 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0047058A2 EP0047058A2 (en) | 1982-03-10 |
EP0047058A3 EP0047058A3 (en) | 1982-03-17 |
EP0047058B1 true EP0047058B1 (en) | 1985-04-10 |
Family
ID=26276295
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81303274A Expired EP0047058B1 (en) | 1980-07-22 | 1981-07-16 | Improvements in and relating to the application of reactable reagents with substrates |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0047058B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3169817D1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN154477B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102877313B (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2015-03-04 | 广州市高晟染整设备有限公司 | Ultralow bath ratio beam dyeing method |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2214377A1 (en) * | 1972-03-24 | 1973-10-04 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COLORING AND / OR FINISHING FABRIC TEXTILE |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL107191C (en) * | 1957-12-24 | |||
US3257483A (en) * | 1963-11-05 | 1966-06-21 | Specialty Converters | Method of applying foam to fabrics |
DE2402342A1 (en) * | 1974-01-18 | 1975-07-31 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COLORING AND / OR FINISHING FABRIC TEXTILE |
GB1585874A (en) * | 1977-05-14 | 1981-03-11 | Union Carbide Corp | Process of treating porous substrates with foam |
FR2391305A1 (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1978-12-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Fabric treatment process - uses a foamed preparation contg. active component and wetting agent, applied to material surface by jet |
-
1981
- 1981-07-16 DE DE8181303274T patent/DE3169817D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-16 EP EP81303274A patent/EP0047058B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-22 IN IN827/CAL/81A patent/IN154477B/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2214377A1 (en) * | 1972-03-24 | 1973-10-04 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COLORING AND / OR FINISHING FABRIC TEXTILE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0047058A2 (en) | 1982-03-10 |
DE3169817D1 (en) | 1985-05-15 |
EP0047058A3 (en) | 1982-03-17 |
IN154477B (en) | 1984-11-03 |
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