EP0045766B1 - Draining device for a pyrolysis installation for waste material - Google Patents

Draining device for a pyrolysis installation for waste material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0045766B1
EP0045766B1 EP19810900451 EP81900451A EP0045766B1 EP 0045766 B1 EP0045766 B1 EP 0045766B1 EP 19810900451 EP19810900451 EP 19810900451 EP 81900451 A EP81900451 A EP 81900451A EP 0045766 B1 EP0045766 B1 EP 0045766B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
container
carbonization
discharging
discharging device
solid
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EP19810900451
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0045766A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Hillekamp
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Deutsche Kommunal Anlagen Miete GmbH
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Deutsche Kommunal Anlagen Miete GmbH
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Priority to AT81900451T priority Critical patent/ATE16288T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B33/00—Discharging devices; Coke guides
    • C10B33/12—Discharge valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge device for a waste pyrolysis plant for discharging the solid sulfuric substances in dry form, which is designed as a vertical container to which the welding substances are fed from above, which tapers conically, and has a blocking device which prevents the sulfuric substances from slipping through , and the sulfur column is used to seal the reactor against air.
  • Waste pyrolysis plants generally comprise a heatable furnace, for example a rotary tube furnace, to which the waste materials to be treated are added at one end and which are then decomposed into solid sulfur substances and into sulfur gas during their residence in the furnace.
  • the carbonization gas is used further while the treated solid carbonization materials are removed from the furnace via a discharge device, in which the discharge tube extends into a water bath which acts as a barrier through which the carbonization gases cannot escape.
  • this wet discharge has the disadvantage that the pyrolysis residues become wet when they pass through the water bath.
  • the water must then be removed again from the wet residues with considerable energy expenditure, for example evaporated.
  • the fine residue particles agglomerate in the water bath, for example carbon particles with ash particles. This may make it necessary to grind the residues, for example for screening after drying.
  • Discharge devices in which the solid residues of pyrolysis processes are discharged dry are already known from US-A-4 123 332 and US-A-1 978 139.
  • the discharge device of the device described in US-A-4123 332 for carbonizing a finely divided solid, carbonizable material consists of a discharge channel into which the solid residues fall.
  • a column forms which is used for gas sealing.
  • the removal is carried out by an inclined screw.
  • neither heating nor cooling is provided in the discharge device, so that there is a risk that the condensable hydrocarbons, which are particularly dangerous with regard to the preservation of the environment, get into the residue and are also discharged. This also applies to the discharge device described in US Pat. No.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to develop a discharge device for the discharge of welding substances from waste pyrolysis plants, in which the residues of the smoldering process occur in dry form, which allows a dry discharge of these residues, in which the gas tightness is achieved without the aid of a water bath and the discharge is carried out so that the residues are free of hydrocarbon condensates.
  • a discharge device for a waste pyrolysis plant for discharging the solid sulfurized substances in dry form which is designed as a vertical container to which the sulfurized substances are fed from above, which tapers conically. has a locking device that.
  • Prevents slippage of the carbonization material, and its carbonization column is used to seal the reactor against air access, which is characterized by a discharge pipe following the conical tapering of the container, which has a blocking device in the form of a rotatable screw or a plunger that prevents the solid carbonization material from slipping through, such a height of the container that the smoldering in it form a gas-tight layer, a device for maintaining a temperature of at least 250 ° C in the upper region of the sulfur column in a length over which practically no diffusion of the condensable components can occur, and a cooling device in the lower region of the sulfur column, which contains the blocking device.
  • the carbonized substances are discharged dry and free of hydrocarbon condensates and the gas tightness of the system is ensured even under negative pressure in the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the basic idea of the discharge device according to the invention is thus the gas seal over a carbonization column, combined with a “hot zone barrier”, ie. H. a heated upper part of the sulfur column to effectively prevent hydrocarbon condensation in the sulfur substances.
  • the cooling of the material to be discharged, which is dry and not wet, provided according to the invention reliably prevents the occurrence of explosions and fires.
  • the measures according to the invention prevent condensation and caking from occurring in the discharged solid sulfuric substances; a blockage of the discharge device 'and a load of the sulfurized materials with higher hydrocarbons, such as. B. tar and the like, therefore does not take place.
  • the solids outlet of the dust separator can also be connected to a discharge device according to the features of the present invention.
  • a plunger is used as the locking device, then this plunger is preferably arranged to be able to move back and forth in a tube running transversely to the container, the outlet end of which is arranged offset relative to the container. This prevents wires from becoming clogged, such as in a rotating locking device.
  • the temperature maintenance device is preferably a heater.
  • the device for maintaining the temperature can also be an insulation of the wall of the container.
  • a cooling device is provided in the lower region of the sulfur column, which contains the blocking device.
  • the solid smoldering materials can be cooled to an outlet temperature far below the gas condensation point and the self-ignition point, so that the solid smoldering materials cannot glow or burn when they come into contact with air and dust-containing discharge materials cannot explode.
  • the cooling device also has the advantage that the locking device is thermally little stressed.
  • a device can also be provided for inerting the space adjoining the locking device in order to prevent dust explosions.
  • the container is preferably designed as a tubular shaft. It can expand slightly downwards in the direction of the fall to avoid the occurrence of blockages.
  • the discharge device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a container 1, which is designed as a tubular shaft and consists of a circular cylindrical upper region 2, an adjoining frustoconical region 3 and a circular cylindrical lower region 4 adjoining the smaller opening thereof with a reduced diameter .
  • the tubular shaft is arranged vertically, and the inlet 5 above it is connected to the outlet of a rotary kiln 7 via a feed pipe 6.
  • the feed pipe 6 widens in the direction of flow in order to reduce the risk of clogging.
  • a rotatable worm 8 Arranged in the interior of the circular cylindrical lower region 4 is a rotatable worm 8 comprising a plurality of turns, the shaft 9 of which is guided at its upper end in an upper bearing 10 supported on the container and at its lower end in a lower bearing 11.
  • the lower bearing is held in a chute 12 which is connected to the outlet 13 of the tubular shaft. adjacent.
  • the upper bearing 10 can advantageously be omitted, since the screw can then avoid the transport of hard materials.
  • the circular cylindrical upper area 2 of the container is surrounded by a coil 14 which is connected with its inlet 15 and outlet 16 to a heating medium circuit (not shown). Hot gas can flow through the coil, for example.
  • the upper region 2 and the pipe coil 14 are also surrounded by a housing jacket 17 which, together with the wall of the container, leaves a space which is filled with an insulating agent 18.
  • the length of this heating and insulating area should be so large that the solid carbonized substances in the relevant area of the tubular shaft are kept at a temperature at which no condensation of components capable of condensation can yet occur. In most cases, a temperature of more than 250 ° C is required.
  • a cooling pipe coil 19 is attached, which is connected with its inlet 20 and outlet 21 to a coolant circuit, such as running water.
  • a coolant circuit such as running water.
  • a level meter 22 of a known type which is designed so that it only responds when the tubular shaft is filled with solid sulfuric materials up to the level of the level meter.
  • the frustoconical area 3, which forms the transition zone between the heated area and the cooled area, should of course be chosen so large that the cooled area does not affect the heated area.
  • the discharge device has the following mode of operation.
  • the solid carbonization materials flowing out of the rotary kiln 7 pass through the feed tube 6 into the tubular shaft 1 and fall at the beginning of the operation down to the screw 8, on which they remain, since the inclination of the screw is chosen so small that the carbonization materials are not can slide outwards on the screw blade.
  • the tubular shaft fills up until a certain fill level 23 is reached, at which the fill level meter 22 responds.
  • the motor 24 is switched on, which drives the worm 8, so that the carbonized material is conveyed out of the tubular shaft.
  • the solid smoldering substances emerging through the outlet 13 reach the chute 12 and are discharged from there to the outside, for example for further treatment for fuel production or activated carbon production and / or to the landfill.
  • the upper region of the tubular shaft is heated by the coil 4 to such a temperature, usually to at least 250 ° C., that condensable products cannot separate out, so that they do not get out with the solid sulfuric substances.
  • the solid carbonization materials are compressed due to the weight of the carbonization column above, so that the gas permeability is further reduced.
  • the conicity of the frustoconical region 3 must of course not be so great that it hinders the slipping through of the solid carbonization substances.
  • the fill level meter 22 switches off, so that the motor 24 driving the screw 8 is de-energized.
  • the container begins to fill up again to the fill level 23 at which the next emptying cycle is initiated.
  • the discharge device is gas-tight and that the gas-tightness is not released even if there is a negative pressure in the rotary kiln 7, since the weight of the sulfur column in the tubular shaft is able to a certain pressure -to withstand the difference between the outlet and the inlet.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a discharge device, in which the container 31 comprises a double-walled upper area 32 which merges into a cylindrical discharge tube 33.
  • the outlet end 34 of the rotary tube of the rotary tube furnace protrudes tightly into the double-walled area 32.
  • a conveyor pipe 35 running transversely thereto, in which a screw conveyor 36 is rotatably mounted, which is coupled to a drive motor 37.
  • the discharge pipe 33 opens at one end region of the delivery pipe 35, while an outlet 38 is provided at the other end region of the same.
  • the double-walled upper region 32 of the container 31 is flowed through by hot gas, which can be removed at a suitable point in the pyrolysis plant (not shown), so that the container is heated in this region.
  • the lower region of the discharge pipe 33 and the delivery pipe 35 are surrounded by a cooling coil 39, which cools the solid carbonized substances to a temperature below the self-ignition temperature thereof.
  • a lower fill level sensor 40 and an upper fill level sensor 41 are arranged in the upper region of the discharge pipe 33. These are designed in such a way that they respond when the solid smoldering materials reach a level sensor.
  • the fill level sensors are connected to a control circuit (not shown) for the drive motor 37, which is designed such that the upper fill level sensor 41, when it is covered by carbon dioxide, switches the drive motor on, while the lower fill level sensor 40 then switches off the drive motor 37, when it is no longer covered by smoldering substances.
  • the mode of operation of the discharge device according to FIG. 2 is similar to that of the discharge device according to FIG. 1, so that a further description is unnecessary.
  • the length of the carbonization column must of course be chosen so large that the solid carbonization materials are not lifted and loosened by the greater pressure acting on the underside of the container in order to ensure gas-tightness. This is certainly achieved if the weight of the sulfur column in the container per Unit area is greater than the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the Schwelstoffkla.
  • the residue can, for example, be discharged hot into a collecting vessel, into which water is injected in such an amount that the discharged substances remain dry, but are cooled.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Draining device for a pyrolysis installation for the treatment of waste products within an oven comprising an upright container (1), in which the carbonised matter is delivered in the upper part; this container has, in its lower part, a blocking mechanism (8) preventing the sliding of the carbonised matter; the height of the container is such that the carbonised matter at the inside forms a tight layer. A device allows to maintain temperature at a value equal or greater than 250 C in the upper part of the column of carbonised matter over such a length that no diffusion of components likely to condensate can take place above. Such a draining device does not use water as a tight layer, it is equally tight for pressures within the pyrolysis installation as for the depression within the oven.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Austragsvorrichtung für eine Abfall-Pyrolyseanlage zum Austragen der festen Schwelstoffe in trockener Form, die ausgebildet ist als senkrecht stehender Behälter, dem die Schweistoffe von oben zugeführt werden, der sich konisch verjüngt, eine Sperrvorrichtung aufweist, die das Durchrutschen der Schwelstoffe verhindert, und dessen Schwelstoffsäule zur Abdichtung des Reaktors gegen Luftzutritt herangezogen wird.The invention relates to a discharge device for a waste pyrolysis plant for discharging the solid sulfuric substances in dry form, which is designed as a vertical container to which the welding substances are fed from above, which tapers conically, and has a blocking device which prevents the sulfuric substances from slipping through , and the sulfur column is used to seal the reactor against air.

Abfall-Pyrolyseanlagen umfassen im allgemeinen einen beheizbaren Ofen, beispielsweise einen Drehrohrofen, dem die zu behandelnden Abfallstoffe an einem Ende zugegeben werden und die dann während ihrer Verweilzeit in dem Ofen in feste Schwelstoffe und in Schwelgas zersetzt werden. Das Schwelgas wird weiter verwendet, während die behandelten festen Schwelstoffe über eine Austragsvorrichtung aus dem Ofen entfernt werden, bei der das Austragsrohr in ein Wasserbad reicht, das als Sperre wirkt, durch das die Schwelgase nicht austreten können. Dieser Naßaustrag hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Rückstände der pyrolyse beim Durchgang durch das Wasserbad naß werden. Für eine trockene Weiterbehandlung, beispielsweise zur Luftsichtung, Brennstoftherstellung oder Aktivkohleerzeugung, muß das Wasser dann aus den nassen Rückständen mit erheblichem Energieaufwand wieder entfernt, beispielsweise verdampft, werden. Dabei tritt ferner der Nachteil auf, daß die feinen Rückstandsteilchen in dem Wasserbad agglomerieren, beispielsweise Kohlenstoffteilchen mit Ascheteilchen. Dadurch kann es erforderlich werden, beispielsweise für die Sichtung nach der Trocknung, die Rückstände zu mahlen.Waste pyrolysis plants generally comprise a heatable furnace, for example a rotary tube furnace, to which the waste materials to be treated are added at one end and which are then decomposed into solid sulfur substances and into sulfur gas during their residence in the furnace. The carbonization gas is used further while the treated solid carbonization materials are removed from the furnace via a discharge device, in which the discharge tube extends into a water bath which acts as a barrier through which the carbonization gases cannot escape. However, this wet discharge has the disadvantage that the pyrolysis residues become wet when they pass through the water bath. For a dry further treatment, for example for air classification, fuel production or activated carbon production, the water must then be removed again from the wet residues with considerable energy expenditure, for example evaporated. There is also the disadvantage that the fine residue particles agglomerate in the water bath, for example carbon particles with ash particles. This may make it necessary to grind the residues, for example for screening after drying.

Vorrichtungen mit einem Naßaustrag der festen Rückstände von pyrolytischen Prozessen sind in der DE-C-436 919 und in der US-A-3 997 407 beschrieben. Bei der in der DE-C-436 919 beschriebenen Vorrichtung zur zweistufigen Verschwelung bitumenhaltiger Stoffe, wobei die erste Stufe als Drehrohr ausgebildet ist, in dem das zu verschwelende Gut unter Drehen entgast wird, während als zweite Stufe ein feststehender Reaktor eingesetzt wird, in dem das Gut unter möglichst geringer Bewegung vollständig entgast wird, erfolgt der Naßaustrag auf übliche Weise, d. h. über Schieber. Bei der in der US-A-3 997 407 beschriebenen Austragsvorrichtung, in der die Gasdichtigkeit über eine Schwelstoffsäule unter Verwendung einer Sperrvorrichtung erzielt wird, erfolgt der Naßaustrag über ein Wasserbad. In beiden Fällen wird die Gasdichtigkeit der Austragsvorrichtung durch ein Wasserbad bewerkstelligt, wobei die Austragsvorrichtung weder eine Heiz- noch eine Kühleinrichtung aufweist, so daß die Gefahr besteht, daß unerwünschte Kohlenwasserstoffkondensate mit in das Wasser der Wasserabdichtung gelangen und erhebliche Probleme bei der Wasserreinigung verursachen.Devices with a wet discharge of the solid residues of pyrolytic processes are described in DE-C-436 919 and in US-A-3 997 407. In the device for the two-stage carbonization of bituminous substances described in DE-C-436 919, the first stage being designed as a rotary tube in which the material to be carbonized is degassed while rotating, while the second stage is a fixed reactor in which the goods are completely degassed with as little movement as possible, the wet discharge takes place in the usual way, d. H. via slide. In the discharge device described in US Pat. No. 3,997,407, in which the gas-tightness is achieved by means of a sulfur column using a blocking device, the wet discharge takes place via a water bath. In both cases, the gas tightness of the discharge device is brought about by a water bath, the discharge device having neither a heating nor a cooling device, so that there is a risk that undesired hydrocarbon condensates can get into the water in the water seal and cause considerable problems in water purification.

Man ist daher seit langem bemüht, eine Austragsvorrichtung für eine Abfall-Pyrolyseanlage zu entwickeln, die ohne Verwendung von Wasser als Gassperre auskommt, d. h. einen trockenen Austrag der gebildeten festen Schwelstoffe erlaubt.There has therefore been a long effort to develop a discharge device for a waste pyrolysis plant which does not require the use of water as a gas barrier, i. H. allows a dry discharge of the solid carbonization formed.

Austragsvorrichtungen, bei denen die festen Rückstände von Pyrolyseprozessen trocken ausgetragen werden, sind aus US-A-4 123 332 und US-A-1 978 139 bereits bekannt. Die Austragsvorrichtung der in der US-A-4123 332 beschriebenen Vorrichtung zur Carbonisierung eines fein verteilten festen, carbonisierbaren Materials besteht aus einem Abwurfkanal, in den die festen Rückstände fallen. Es bildet sich eine Säule aus, die zur Gasdichtung herangezogen wird. Der Abtransport wird durch eine schräg gestellt Schnecke bewerkstelligt. Auch hier ist in der Austragsvorrichtung weder eine Heizung noch eine Kühlung vorgesehen, so daß die Gefahr besteht, daß die im Hinblick auf die Erhaltung der Umwelt besonders gefährlichen kondensierbaren Kohlenwasserstoffe in den Rückstand gelangen und mit ausgetragen werden. Das gilt auch für die in der US-A-1 978 139 beschriebene Austragsvorrichtung an einem von außen beheizten Drehrohr zur Verbesserung der Verkokung von bituminösem Material, die im wesentlichen aus zwei konischen Ventilen besteht, die unabhängig voneinander bedient werden können. Hier wird' die .Gasdichtigkeit über zwei konische Ventile erreicht, was die obengenannten Nachteile mit sich bringt, wenn sich sperrige Teile, wie z. B. Drahtwülste, in den Ventilen verklemmen.Discharge devices in which the solid residues of pyrolysis processes are discharged dry are already known from US-A-4 123 332 and US-A-1 978 139. The discharge device of the device described in US-A-4123 332 for carbonizing a finely divided solid, carbonizable material consists of a discharge channel into which the solid residues fall. A column forms which is used for gas sealing. The removal is carried out by an inclined screw. Here, too, neither heating nor cooling is provided in the discharge device, so that there is a risk that the condensable hydrocarbons, which are particularly dangerous with regard to the preservation of the environment, get into the residue and are also discharged. This also applies to the discharge device described in US Pat. No. 1 978 139 on an externally heated rotary tube to improve the coking of bituminous material, which essentially consists of two conical valves which can be operated independently of one another. Here '. Gas tightness is achieved via two conical valves, which has the disadvantages mentioned above when bulky parts such. B. Wire beads, jam in the valves.

Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, eine Austragsvorrichtung für das Austragen von Schweistoffen aus Abfall-Pyrolyseanlagen, in der die Rückstände des Schwelprozesses in trockener Form anfallen, zu entwickeln, die einen trockenen Austrag dieser Rückstände erlaubt, in der die Gasdichtigkeit ohne Zuhilfenahme eines Wasserbades bewerkstelligt wird und der Austrag so geführt wird, daß die Rückstände frei von Kohlenwasserstoffkondensaten sind.The object of the invention was therefore to develop a discharge device for the discharge of welding substances from waste pyrolysis plants, in which the residues of the smoldering process occur in dry form, which allows a dry discharge of these residues, in which the gas tightness is achieved without the aid of a water bath and the discharge is carried out so that the residues are free of hydrocarbon condensates.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß gelöst werden kann mit einer Austragsvorrichtung für eine Abfall-Pyrolyseanlage zum Austragen der festen Schwelstoffe in trockener Form, die als senkrecht stehender Behälter ausgebildet ist, dem die Schwelstoffe von oben zugeführt werden, der sich konisch verjüngt, eine Sperrvorrichtung aufweist, die das . Durchrutschen der Schwelstoffe verhindert, und dessen Schwelstoffsäule zur Abdichtung des Reaktors gegen Luftzutritt herangezogen wird, die gekennzeichnet ist durch ein an die konische Verjüngung des Behälters anschließendes Austragsrohr, das eine das Durchrutschen der festen Schwelstoffe verhindernde Sperrvorrichtung in Form einer drehbaren Schnecke oder eines Stößels aufweist, eine solche Höhe des Behälters, daß die in diesem befindlichen Schwelstoffe eine gasdichte Schicht bilden, eine Vorrichtung zum Aufrechterhalten einer Temperatur von mindestens 250 °C im oberen Bereich der Schwelstoffsäule in einer Länge, über die praktisch keine Diffusion der kondensationsfähigen Bestandteile mehr auftreten kann, und eine Kühlvorrichtung im unteren Bereich der Schwelstoffsäule, welche die Sperrvorrichtung enthält.It has now been found that this object can be achieved according to the invention with a discharge device for a waste pyrolysis plant for discharging the solid sulfurized substances in dry form, which is designed as a vertical container to which the sulfurized substances are fed from above, which tapers conically. has a locking device that. Prevents slippage of the carbonization material, and its carbonization column is used to seal the reactor against air access, which is characterized by a discharge pipe following the conical tapering of the container, which has a blocking device in the form of a rotatable screw or a plunger that prevents the solid carbonization material from slipping through, such a height of the container that the smoldering in it form a gas-tight layer, a device for maintaining a temperature of at least 250 ° C in the upper region of the sulfur column in a length over which practically no diffusion of the condensable components can occur, and a cooling device in the lower region of the sulfur column, which contains the blocking device.

Mit der vorgenannten Kombination von Merkmalen der erfindungsgemäßen Austragsvorrichtung wird erreicht, daß die Schwelstoffe trocken und frei von Kohlenwasserstoffkondensaten ausgetragen werden und die Gasdichtigkeit der Anlage auch bei Unterdruck im Pyrolyseofen gewährleistet ist. Grundgedanke der erfindungsgemäßen Austragsvorrichtung ist somit die Gasabdichtung über eine Schwelstoffsäule, kombiniert mit einer « Heißzonensperre », d. h. einem beheizten oberen Teil der Schwelstoffsäule, um eine Kohlenwasserstoffkondensation in den Schwelstoffen wirksam zu verhindern. Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Kühlung des auszutragenden Gutes, das trocken und nicht naß anfällt, wird gleichzeitig das Auftreten von Explosionen und Bränden zuverlässig verhindert.With the aforementioned combination of features of the discharge device according to the invention it is achieved that the carbonized substances are discharged dry and free of hydrocarbon condensates and the gas tightness of the system is ensured even under negative pressure in the pyrolysis furnace. The basic idea of the discharge device according to the invention is thus the gas seal over a carbonization column, combined with a “hot zone barrier”, ie. H. a heated upper part of the sulfur column to effectively prevent hydrocarbon condensation in the sulfur substances. The cooling of the material to be discharged, which is dry and not wet, provided according to the invention reliably prevents the occurrence of explosions and fires.

Außerdem wird durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen verhindert, daß in den ausgetragenen festen Schwelstoffen Kondensationen und Verbackungen auftreten ; eine Verstopfung der Austragsvorrichtung 'und eine Belastung der Schwelstoffe mit höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie z. B. Teer und dgl., erfolgt daher nicht.In addition, the measures according to the invention prevent condensation and caking from occurring in the discharged solid sulfuric substances; a blockage of the discharge device 'and a load of the sulfurized materials with higher hydrocarbons, such as. B. tar and the like, therefore does not take place.

Bei einer Austragsvorrichtung für eine Pyrolyseanlage mit einem Staubabscheider für den in dem Schwelgas enthaltenen Staub kann der Feststoffausgang des Staubabscheiders ebenfalls an eine Austragsvorrichtung gemäß den Merkmalen der vorliegenden Erfindung angeschlossen sein.In the case of a discharge device for a pyrolysis plant with a dust separator for the dust contained in the carbonization gas, the solids outlet of the dust separator can also be connected to a discharge device according to the features of the present invention.

Mit der erfindungsgemäß als Sperrvorrichtung vorgesehenen drehbaren Schnecke ist es möglich, die festen Schwelstoffe bzw. den Staub aus dem Behälter herauszubefördern. Wenn als sperrvorrichtung ein Stößel verwendet wird, so ist dieser vorzugsweise in einem quer zu dem Behälter verlaufenden Rohr hin- und herbewegbar angeordnet, dessen Auslaßende gegenüber dem Behälter versetzt angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird vermieden, daß Drähte zu einer Verstopfung führen können, wie etwa bei einer rotierenden Sperrvorrichtung.With the rotatable screw provided according to the invention as a locking device, it is possible to convey the solid carbonization materials or the dust out of the container. If a plunger is used as the locking device, then this plunger is preferably arranged to be able to move back and forth in a tube running transversely to the container, the outlet end of which is arranged offset relative to the container. This prevents wires from becoming clogged, such as in a rotating locking device.

Die Vorrichtung zum Aufrechterhalten der Temperatur ist vorzugsweise eine Heizvorrichtung. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Vorrichtung zum Aufrechterhalten der Temperatur auch eine Isolierung der Wandung des Behälters sein.The temperature maintenance device is preferably a heater. Alternatively or additionally, the device for maintaining the temperature can also be an insulation of the wall of the container.

Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Kühlvorrichtung im unteren Bereich der Schwelstoffsäule, welche die Sperrvorrichtung enthält, vorgesehen. Dadurch lassen sich die festen Schwelstoffe auf eine Austrittstemperatur weit unterhalb des Gaskondensationspunktes und des Selbstentzündungspunktes abkühlen, so daß die festen Schwelstoffe bei Berührung mit Luft nicht zu glimmen oder zu brennen anfangen können und staubhaltige Austragsstoffe nicht explodieren können. Die Kühlvorrichtung hat ferner den Vorteil, daß die Sperrvorrichtung thermisch wenig belastet wird.According to the invention, a cooling device is provided in the lower region of the sulfur column, which contains the blocking device. As a result, the solid smoldering materials can be cooled to an outlet temperature far below the gas condensation point and the self-ignition point, so that the solid smoldering materials cannot glow or burn when they come into contact with air and dust-containing discharge materials cannot explode. The cooling device also has the advantage that the locking device is thermally little stressed.

Erfindungsgemäß kann auch eine Einrichtung vorgesehen sein zum Inertisieren des an die Sperrvorrichtung anschließenden Raumes, um Staubexplosionen zu verhindern.According to the invention, a device can also be provided for inerting the space adjoining the locking device in order to prevent dust explosions.

Vorzugsweise ist der Behälter als rohrförmiger Schacht ausgebildet. Er kann sich in Fallrichtung leicht konisch nach unten erweitern, um das Auftreten von Verstopfungen zu vermeiden.The container is preferably designed as a tubular shaft. It can expand slightly downwards in the direction of the fall to avoid the occurrence of blockages.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an Hand schematischer Zeichnungen an mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 eine Austragsvorrichtung im Axialschnitt, die an den Auslaß eines Drehrohrofens angeschlossen ist ;
  • Figur 2 eine andere Ausführungsform einer Austragsvorrichtung.
The invention is explained below with reference to schematic drawings of several embodiments. Show it :
  • Figure 1 is a discharge device in axial section, which is connected to the outlet of a rotary kiln;
  • Figure 2 shows another embodiment of a discharge device.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Austragsvorrichtung umfaßt einen Behälter 1, der als rohrförmiger Schacht ausgebildet ist und aus einem kreiszylindrischen oberen Bereich 2, einem sich daran anschließenden kegelstumpfförmigen Bereich 3 und einem sich an die kleinere Öffnung desselben anschließenden kreiszylindrischen unteren Bereich 4 mit verringertem Durchmesser besteht. Die Konizität darf jedoch nicht so groß sein, daß es zu einer Verstopfung in diesem Bereich kommt. Der rohrförmige Schacht ist vertikal angeordnet, und dar oben liegende Einlaß 5 desselben ist über ein Zuführungsrohr 6 mit dem Auslaß eines Drehrohrofens 7 verbunden. Das Zuführungsrohr 6 erweitert sich in Durchflußrichtung, um eine Verstopfungsgefahr zu verringern.The discharge device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a container 1, which is designed as a tubular shaft and consists of a circular cylindrical upper region 2, an adjoining frustoconical region 3 and a circular cylindrical lower region 4 adjoining the smaller opening thereof with a reduced diameter . However, the taper must not be so great as to cause blockage in this area. The tubular shaft is arranged vertically, and the inlet 5 above it is connected to the outlet of a rotary kiln 7 via a feed pipe 6. The feed pipe 6 widens in the direction of flow in order to reduce the risk of clogging.

Im Innern des kreiszylindrischen unteren Bereichs 4 ist eine drehbare, mehrere Windungen umfassende Schnecke 8 angeordnet, deren Welle 9 an ihrem oben liegenden Ende in einem an dem Behälter abgestützten oberen Lager 10 und an ihrem unteren Ende in einem unteren Lager 11 geführt ist. Das untere Lager ist in einer Rutsche 12 gehalten, die an den Auslaß 13 des rohrförmigen Schachtes. angrenzt. Das obere Lager 10 kann vorteilhaft weggelassen sein, da dann die Schnecke beim Transportieren von Hartstoffen ausweichen kann.Arranged in the interior of the circular cylindrical lower region 4 is a rotatable worm 8 comprising a plurality of turns, the shaft 9 of which is guided at its upper end in an upper bearing 10 supported on the container and at its lower end in a lower bearing 11. The lower bearing is held in a chute 12 which is connected to the outlet 13 of the tubular shaft. adjacent. The upper bearing 10 can advantageously be omitted, since the screw can then avoid the transport of hard materials.

Der kreiszylindrische obere Bereich 2 des Behälters ist von einer Rohrschlange 14 umgeben, die mit ihrem Einlaß 15 und Auslaß 16 an einen Heizmittelkreislauf angeschlossen ist (nicht dargestellt). Die Rohrschlange kann beispielsweise von Heißgas durchströmt werden. Der obere Bereich 2 und die Rohrschlange 14 sind ferner von einem Gehäusemantel 17 umgeben, der zusammen mit der Wand des Behälters einen Raum freiläßt, welcher mit einem Isoliermittel 18 gefüllt ist. Die Länge dieses Heiz- und Isolierbereichs sollte so groß sein, daß die festen Schwelstoffe in dem betreffenden Bereich des rohrförmigen Schachtes auf einer Temperatur gehalten werden, bei der noch keine Kondensation kondensationsfähiger Bestandteile auftreten kann. In den meisten Fällen ist hierfür eine Temperatur von mehr als 250 °C erforderlich.The circular cylindrical upper area 2 of the container is surrounded by a coil 14 which is connected with its inlet 15 and outlet 16 to a heating medium circuit (not shown). Hot gas can flow through the coil, for example. The upper region 2 and the pipe coil 14 are also surrounded by a housing jacket 17 which, together with the wall of the container, leaves a space which is filled with an insulating agent 18. The length of this heating and insulating area should be so large that the solid carbonized substances in the relevant area of the tubular shaft are kept at a temperature at which no condensation of components capable of condensation can yet occur. In most cases, a temperature of more than 250 ° C is required.

Um den kreiszylindrischen unteren Bereich 4 ist eine Kühlrohrschlange 19 angebracht, die mit ihrem Einlaß 20 und Auslaß 21 an einen Kühlmittelkreislauf angeschlossen ist, etwa an Fließwasser. Dadurch werden die festen Schwelstoffe bis auf eine Temperatur abgekühlt, die unterhalb der Selbstentzündungstemperatur derselben liegt.Around the circular cylindrical lower area 4 a cooling pipe coil 19 is attached, which is connected with its inlet 20 and outlet 21 to a coolant circuit, such as running water. As a result, the solid smoldering substances are cooled down to a temperature which is below their self-ignition temperature.

An der Wand des kegelstumpfförmigen Bereichs 3 sitzt ein Füllstandsmesser 22 bekannter Bauart, der so ausgebildet ist, daß er nur dann anspricht, wenn der rohrförmige Schacht bis zur Höhe des Füllstandsmessers mit festen Schwelstoffen gefüllt ist.On the wall of the truncated cone-shaped area 3 sits a level meter 22 of a known type, which is designed so that it only responds when the tubular shaft is filled with solid sulfuric materials up to the level of the level meter.

Der kegelstumpfförmige Bereich 3, der die Übergangszone zwischen dem beheizten Bereich und dem gekühlten Bereich bildet, sollte natürlich so groß gewählt sein, daß der gekühlte Bereich nicht auf den beheizten Bereich zurückwirkt.The frustoconical area 3, which forms the transition zone between the heated area and the cooled area, should of course be chosen so large that the cooled area does not affect the heated area.

Die Austragvorrichtung hat folgende Wirkungsweise.The discharge device has the following mode of operation.

Die aus dem Drehrohrofen 7 herausfließenden festen Schwelstoffe gelangen durch das Zuführungsrohr 6 in den rohrförmigen Schacht 1 und fallen zu Beginn des Betriebes bis auf die Schnecke 8, auf der sie liegen bleiben, da die Neigung der Schnecke so klein gewählt ist, daß die Schwelstoffe nicht auf dem Schneckenblatt nach außen rutschen können. Im Laufe des weiteren Betriebes füllt sich der rohrförmige Schacht zunehmend, bis eine gewisse Füllstandshöhe 23 erreicht ist, bei der der Füllstandsmesser 22 anspricht. Dadurch wird der Motor 24 eingeschaltet, der die Schnecke 8 antreibt, so daß diese Schwelstoffe aus dem rohrförmigen Schacht herausfördert. Die durch den Auslaß 13 austretenden festen Schwelstoffe gelangen auf die Rutsche 12 und werden von dort ins Freie ausgetragen, etwa zur Weiterbehandlung für eine Brennstoffherstellung oder Aktivkohleherstellung und/oder zur Deponie.The solid carbonization materials flowing out of the rotary kiln 7 pass through the feed tube 6 into the tubular shaft 1 and fall at the beginning of the operation down to the screw 8, on which they remain, since the inclination of the screw is chosen so small that the carbonization materials are not can slide outwards on the screw blade. In the course of further operation, the tubular shaft fills up until a certain fill level 23 is reached, at which the fill level meter 22 responds. As a result, the motor 24 is switched on, which drives the worm 8, so that the carbonized material is conveyed out of the tubular shaft. The solid smoldering substances emerging through the outlet 13 reach the chute 12 and are discharged from there to the outside, for example for further treatment for fuel production or activated carbon production and / or to the landfill.

Der obere Bereich des rohrförmigen Schachtes ist durch die Rohrschlange 4 bis auf eine solche Temperatur erhitzt, gewöhnlich auf mindestens 250 °C, daß kondensationsfähige Produkte sich nicht abscheiden können, so daß sie auch nicht mit den festen Schwelstoffen nach außen gelangen.The upper region of the tubular shaft is heated by the coil 4 to such a temperature, usually to at least 250 ° C., that condensable products cannot separate out, so that they do not get out with the solid sulfuric substances.

In dem kegelstumpfförmigen Bereich 3 werden die festen Schwelstoffe auf Grund des Gewichtes der darüberliegenden Schwelstoffsäule komprimiert, so daß die Gasdurchlässigkeit weiter verringert wird. Die Konizität des kegelstumpfförmigen Bereichs 3 darf natürlich nicht so groß sein, daß sie das Durchrutschen der festen Schwelstoffe behindert.In the truncated cone-shaped area 3, the solid carbonization materials are compressed due to the weight of the carbonization column above, so that the gas permeability is further reduced. The conicity of the frustoconical region 3 must of course not be so great that it hinders the slipping through of the solid carbonization substances.

Sobald die Schnecke 8 einen Teil des Inhalts aus dem rohrförmigen Schacht herausgefördert hat und der Füllstand bis auf den unteren Füllpegel 25 abgesunken ist, schaltet der Füllstandsmesser 22 ab, so daß der die Schnecke 8 antreibende Motor 24 stromlos wird. Der Behälter beginnt sich wieder bis auf die Füllstandshöhe 23 zu füllen, bei der der nächste Entleerungszyklus eingeleitet wird.As soon as the screw 8 has conveyed some of the contents out of the tubular shaft and the fill level has dropped to the lower fill level 25, the fill level meter 22 switches off, so that the motor 24 driving the screw 8 is de-energized. The container begins to fill up again to the fill level 23 at which the next emptying cycle is initiated.

Durch passende Wahl der Füllstandshöhe läßt sich erreichen, daß die Austragvorrichtung gasdicht ist und daß die Gasdichtigkeit auch dann nicht aufgehoben wird, wenn in dem Drehrohrofen 7 ein Unterdruck herrscht, da das Gewicht der Schwelstoffsäule in dem rohrförmigen Schacht in der Lage ist, einer bestimmten Druck-differenz zwischen dem Auslaß und dem Einlaß standzuhalten.By a suitable choice of the level, it can be achieved that the discharge device is gas-tight and that the gas-tightness is not released even if there is a negative pressure in the rotary kiln 7, since the weight of the sulfur column in the tubular shaft is able to a certain pressure -to withstand the difference between the outlet and the inlet.

Figur 2 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform einer Austragvorrichtung, bei der der Behälter 31 einen doppelwandigen oberen Bereich 32 umfaßt, der in ein zylindrisches Austragrohr 33 übergeht. Das Auslaßende 34 des Drehrohres des Drehrohrofens ragt dichtsitzend in den doppelwandigen Bereich 32 hinein.FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a discharge device, in which the container 31 comprises a double-walled upper area 32 which merges into a cylindrical discharge tube 33. The outlet end 34 of the rotary tube of the rotary tube furnace protrudes tightly into the double-walled area 32.

An das untere Ende des Austragrohres 33 grenzt ein quer dazu verlaufendes Förderrohr 35 an, in dem eine Förderschnecke 36 drehbar gelagert ist, welche mit einem Antriebsmotor 37 gekuppelt ist.At the lower end of the discharge pipe 33 is adjacent a conveyor pipe 35 running transversely thereto, in which a screw conveyor 36 is rotatably mounted, which is coupled to a drive motor 37.

Das Austragrohr 33 mündet an einem Endbereich des Förderrohres 35, während an dem anderen Endbereich desselben ein Auslaß 38 vorgesehen ist.The discharge pipe 33 opens at one end region of the delivery pipe 35, while an outlet 38 is provided at the other end region of the same.

Der doppelwandige obere Bereich 32 des Behälters 31 wird von heißem Gas durchströmt, welches an einer geeigneten Stelle der Pyrolyseanlage entnommen werden kann (nicht dargestellt), so daß der Behälter in diesem Bereich geheizt ist.The double-walled upper region 32 of the container 31 is flowed through by hot gas, which can be removed at a suitable point in the pyrolysis plant (not shown), so that the container is heated in this region.

Der untere Bereich des Austragrohres 33 und das Förderrohr 35 sind'von einer Kühlschlange 39 umgeben, die die festen Schwelstoffe auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Selbstentzündungstemperatur derselben abkühlt.The lower region of the discharge pipe 33 and the delivery pipe 35 are surrounded by a cooling coil 39, which cools the solid carbonized substances to a temperature below the self-ignition temperature thereof.

Im oberen Bereich des Austragrohres 33 sind ein unterer Füllstandssensor 40 und ein oberer Füllstandssensor 41 angeordnet. Diese sind so ausgebildet, daß sie ansprechen, wenn die festen Schwelstoffe bis an einen Füllstandssensor heranreichen.A lower fill level sensor 40 and an upper fill level sensor 41 are arranged in the upper region of the discharge pipe 33. These are designed in such a way that they respond when the solid smoldering materials reach a level sensor.

Die Füllstandssensoren sind mit einer Steuerschaltung (nicht dargestellt) für den Antriebsmotor 37 verbunden, die so ausgebildet ist, daß der obere Füllstandssensor 41, wenn er von Schwelstoffen bedeckt wird, den Antriebsmotor einschaltet, während der untere Füllstandssensor 40 jedesmal dann den Antriebsmotor 37 ausschaltet, wenn er von Schwelstoffen nicht mehr bedeckt ist.The fill level sensors are connected to a control circuit (not shown) for the drive motor 37, which is designed such that the upper fill level sensor 41, when it is covered by carbon dioxide, switches the drive motor on, while the lower fill level sensor 40 then switches off the drive motor 37, when it is no longer covered by smoldering substances.

Derartige Pegelsteuerungen sind an sich bekannt und bilden keinen Teil der Erfindung.Such level controls are known per se and do not form part of the invention.

Die Wirkungsweise der Austragvorrichtung nach Figur 2 ist derjenigen der Austragvorrichtung nach Figur 1 ähnlich, so daß sich eine weitere Beschreibung erübrigt.The mode of operation of the discharge device according to FIG. 2 is similar to that of the discharge device according to FIG. 1, so that a further description is unnecessary.

Bei einem Unterdruck im Austragsystem muß die Länge der Schwelstoffsäule natürlich so groß gewählt sein, daß die festen Schwelstoffe durch den an der Unterseite des Behälters angreifenden größeren Druck nicht angehoben und gelockert wird, um die Gasdichtigkeit zu gewährleisten. Dies wird mit Sicherheit erreicht, wenn das Gewicht der Schwelstoffsäule in dem Behälter pro Flächeneinheit größer ist als die Druckdifferenz zwischen der Unterseite und der Oberseite der Schwelstoffsäu le.In the case of a negative pressure in the discharge system, the length of the carbonization column must of course be chosen so large that the solid carbonization materials are not lifted and loosened by the greater pressure acting on the underside of the container in order to ensure gas-tightness. This is certainly achieved if the weight of the sulfur column in the container per Unit area is greater than the pressure difference between the bottom and the top of the Schwelstoffsäu le.

Zum Inertisieren kann der Rückstand beispielsweise heiß in ein Sammelgefäß ausgetragen werden, in das Wasser eingedüst wird in einer Menge, daß die ausgetragenen Stoffe zwar nach wie vor trocken bleiben, jedoch abgekühlt werden.For inerting, the residue can, for example, be discharged hot into a collecting vessel, into which water is injected in such an amount that the discharged substances remain dry, but are cooled.

Claims (9)

1. A discharging device for the waste pyrolysis plant for discharging the solid carbonization material in dry form, whereby the discharging device is designed as a vertically standing container, which is supplied with carbonization material at the top, which tapers off, shows a locking device which prevents the slipping through of the carbonization material, and whose carbonization material column is used for sealing the reactor in order to make it air-tight, characterized in that a discharging tube (4) which is attached to the taper (3) of the container (1) has a locking device (8 ; 36) in the form of a rotatable screw or rammer to prevent the slipping through of the solid . carbonization material, the container (1) is of such a height that the carbonization material in the container constitutes a gas-tight layer, a device (14-16, 18) maintains a temperature of at least 250 °C in the upper sector of'the carbonization material column in such a length above which practically no longer can occur a diffusion of the condensable components, it has a cooling device (19-21 ; 39) in the lower sector of the carbonization material column which contains the locking device (8 ; 36).
2. A discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that it shows for the dust included in the carbonization gas a dust separator, whose solid material issue also is connected with a container which is supplied with the separated dust at the top and shows a locking device at the bottom. r
3. A discharging device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the rammer (36) is located in a to-and-fro-movable manner in a tube (35) running transversely to the container (1), whereby the outlet (38) of the tube is staggered to the container (1).
4. A discharging device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the locking device is controlled or regulated by the filling height of the carbonization materials in the container (1).
5. A discharging device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the device to maintain the temperature is a heating device (14-16).
6. A discharging device according to claim 5, characterized in that the device to maintain the temperature is an insulation (18) of the side wall of the container (1)
7. A discharging device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it shows a device for inerting the space attached to the locking device.
8. A discharging device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the container (1) constitutes a tubular shaft
9. A discharging device according to claim 8, characterized in that the tubular shaft extends slightly in a conical manner at the bottom into the falling direction.
EP19810900451 1980-02-12 1981-02-06 Draining device for a pyrolysis installation for waste material Expired EP0045766B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81900451T ATE16288T1 (en) 1980-02-12 1981-02-06 DISCHARGE DEVICE FOR A WASTE PYROLYSIS PLANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3005205 1980-02-12
DE19803005205 DE3005205C2 (en) 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Discharge device for a waste pyrolysis plant

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EP0045766B1 true EP0045766B1 (en) 1985-10-30

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EP19810100904 Expired EP0033971B1 (en) 1980-02-12 1981-02-09 Discharging device for a of waste material system

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US5915308A (en) * 1996-01-18 1999-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Discharge apparatus
DE59700231D1 (en) * 1996-01-18 1999-07-29 Siemens Ag DISCHARGE DEVICE
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EP0033971A3 (en) 1981-08-26
DE3005205A1 (en) 1981-08-13
EP0045766A1 (en) 1982-02-17
CA1184530A (en) 1985-03-26
DE3005205C2 (en) 1983-11-24
EP0033971B1 (en) 1985-10-23
WO1981002302A1 (en) 1981-08-20
EP0033971A2 (en) 1981-08-19

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