EP0045216B1

EP0045216B1 - Cavity wall insulation

Info

Publication number: EP0045216B1
Application number: EP81303457A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jonathan David Rosser; David Schofield
Original assignee: BP PLC
Current assignee: BP PLC
Priority date: 1980-07-30
Filing date: 1981-07-28
Publication date: 1984-09-05
Also published as: DK339181A; DE3165853D1; EP0045216A1; NO812581L

Description

The present invention relates to free flowing insulants for cavity walls.
Thermal insulation of masonry cavity walls has assumed great importance in view of the enormous increase in fuel costs in recent years for domestic and industrial heating. Several types of insulating materials and methods are now available for this purpose.
The specific insulant to be used will be determined by the degree of insulation desired, the accessibility of the cavity, the environment to which the wall enclosing the cavity is exposed and the cost of insulation. Of these, the accessibility of the cavity is important. For example, if the insulation is to be carried out during the construction of a wall, it has been the practice to use slabs or boards of the insulant; on the other hand, a completed wall is usually insulated by inserting the material into the cavity by blowing or injection for instance in granular or bead form.
Where granular or bead-like insulants are used they may be of polyurethane or expanded polystyrene. Beads when used alone are free flowing and therefore need only a few holes at the top of the wall to fill the entire cavity, and are capable of being adapted to both old and new walls. The main problem with this type of insulant is that the free flowing nature of the insulant can lead to unnoticed escape of the insulant from around joist ends or service pipes and ducts, and the insulant can drain out of the cavity system completely in the case of a breach in the wall. In order to overcome this problem it has been suggested to coat the beads thinly with an adhesive as the fill enters the wall. The adhesive sets and prevents further escape. The use of an adhesive coating, however, detracts from the free flowing property of the beads which is the main feature of such insulants. Granular insulants, as distinct from beads, are produced cheaply by shredding waste boards. However, when used alone, they are not sufficiently free flowing and may also have a tendency to produce moisture transfer across the cavity. Therefore, there has been reluctance to use granular insulants.
FR-A-2401889 relates to a free flowing thermal insulation material in which the granular material is the major component which is mixed with a fibrous material, the latter being the minor component. The granular material may be polystyrene.
The abstract of Japanese Patent Publication No. JP-A-5462553 relates to incombustible inorganic materials which may be aluminium, silicon or phosphorus and which are the principal ingredients in an insulating material. The materials referred to do not cover organic beads of the polystyrene type.
AU-A-1 1963/66 relates to a specific process for producing an insulating product containing fibres and aggregates as a blend but preventing agglomerisation of the fibres. The object of the invention is to produce a compressed light weight building product and hence the product is not free flowing.
USA-A-3950259 relates to a free-flowing insulating composition of which 60-94% w/w is a first siliceous material and 1 -10% w/w is a second siliceous material, the third component in the composition is an opacifier.
None of these prior publications disclose a combination of materials in which the granular component is the minor component and which form an insulant which is also free-flowing.
It has now been found that the deficiencies of granular insulants, and the tendency of bead insulants to drain from cavity walls through obvious breaches and unnoticed holes, can be mitigated without the use of substantial amounts of adhesives and without the loss of their free flowing properties.
Accordingly, the present invention is a free-flowing cavity wall insulating material comprising a main mass of substantially spherical beads admixed with 2-20% w/w (based on the total insulating material) of granules of the same or different material having a volume substantially different from and being dissimilar in shape from the beads.
The beads forming the main mass of the insulating material are suitably made of polyurethane or expanded polystyrene and preferably have an average diameter of between 2 mm and 5 mm.
The second granular component in the insulating material may have any shape other than spherical. For example, it may have a completely random shape or it may have a regular or symmetrical shape such as rectangular, plate-like, saucer-shaped, or saddle-shaped. The granular component may be preformed or prepared 'in situ' e.g. while pumping the material into the wall to be insulated. Thus granules may be produced from the main mass of beads by injecting into the beads over intervals of time and/or space small discrete quantities of an adhesive so as to encourage formation of small agglomerates or clusters which resemble the granules as distinct from beads. Alternatively, the clusters may be formed by applying heat to some of the beads so as to bind them together and these may be subsequently broken up to produce clusters of the desired size and shape. It is important that the ultimate mixture of the granules (whether preformed or in the form of clusters or agglomerates) and beads in the insulating material retain their respective free flowing characteristics.
It is preferable that in the granular second component, the volume of a granule is substantially greater than the volume of a bead in the insulating material. The average volume ratio in respect of the surface area of an individual granule to that of an individual bead is suitably greater than 5, preferably between 10 and 40, most preferably between 15 and 30.
The amount of granules in the admixed insulating material is from 2 to 20% w/w, preferably between 5 and 15% by weight of the total insulating material.
The insulating material of the present invention may be incorporated into a cavity wall by any one of the conventional techniques. Specifically recommended is the technique claimed and described in our published British Patent Application No. 2012620A according to which the insulating material is injected into a cavity wall using compressed air and a Coanda nozzle. The use of this technique prevents the breakdown of the beads and granules into a powdery mass by attrition as sometimes experienced during the filling operations.
The present invention is further illustrated with respect to the following Examples.

Example 1

A test cavity wall (2 m x 2 m) made of sheets of perspex was constructed which had a cavity 50 mm wide closed at both ends. At the base of this wall was drilled a hole (50 mm diameter) in the leaf and the hole was plugged. The cavity was then filled with a mixture of free flowing beads (average diameter 4 mm) and saddle-shaped granules (5 mm thick, 30 mm long and 20 mm wide), the granules forming 10% by weight of the total insulant. After filling the cavity, the plug was removed from the hole. On removal of the plug, less than 0.1% by weight of the beads escaped and the escape ceased within 5 seconds of removing the plug.
In a Comparative Test (not according to the invention) the hole was again plugged and this time the cavity wall was filled with the same free flowing beads alone without the granules. On removal of the plug the beads drained from the wall until the wall was substantially empty.

Example 2

A test cavity wall (4 m x 3 m) rig composed of a single brickwork leaf, and a modular transparent (perspex) leaf, was constructed, with a test cavity of 65 mm. At the lower section of the transparent face, a small modular brick wall was constructed, with several apertures, simulating a missing brick, half brick, quarter brick, and mortar sections, horizontal and vertical. These apertures were left open during cavity filling operations.

(a) Using the test rig above, a mixture of expanded polystyrene beads (95%), and small clusters of expanded polystyrene beads bonded together with adhesive to form granules was blown into the cavity. Less than 0.5% of the material flowed through the apertures. The material took up a repose angle in the range of 60-90° in the apertures so that no flow occurred. If flow was induced by using a vacuum device, the material ceased to flow within one second of the device being removed.
(b) Test (a) above was repeated using expanded polystyrene beads (98%) and granules (2%) produced from the same beads but bonded by application of heat and the bonded material was then broken into small clusters. The repose angle of this mixture remained between 60 and 90°.

Claims

1. A free flowing cavity wall insulating material comprising a main mass of substantially spherical beads admixed with a 2. to 20% w/w (based on the total insulating material) of granules of the same or different material having a volume substantially different from and being dissimilar in shape from the beads.

2. An insulating material according to claim 1 wherein the beads are made of polyurethane or expanded polystyrene.

3. An insulating material according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the beads have an average diameter of between 2 mm and 5 mm.

4. An insulating material according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the granules are of a random or regular shape.

5. An insulating material according to claim 4 wherein the granules have a shape selected from rectangular, plate-like, saucer-shape and saddle-shape.

6. An insulating material according to claim 5 wherein the granules are formed as clusters or agglomerates from the main mass of beads by injecting small, discrete quantities of an adhesive into the beads over intervals of space and/or time.

7. An insulating material according to any one of the preceding claims 4-6 wherein the average volume ratio in respect of the surface area of an individual granule to that of an individual bead is greater than 5:1.