EP0043531A2 - Electrical heating element - Google Patents

Electrical heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0043531A2
EP0043531A2 EP81105029A EP81105029A EP0043531A2 EP 0043531 A2 EP0043531 A2 EP 0043531A2 EP 81105029 A EP81105029 A EP 81105029A EP 81105029 A EP81105029 A EP 81105029A EP 0043531 A2 EP0043531 A2 EP 0043531A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
reinforcement
insulating material
element according
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81105029A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0043531A3 (en
EP0043531B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Amund Bergersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent NV
Original Assignee
Alcatel NV
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel NV, International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical Alcatel NV
Priority to AT81105029T priority Critical patent/ATE32158T1/en
Publication of EP0043531A2 publication Critical patent/EP0043531A2/en
Publication of EP0043531A3 publication Critical patent/EP0043531A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0043531B1 publication Critical patent/EP0043531B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating element which consists of an arrangement of electrical resistance strips which are arranged in a predetermined pattern between layers of insulating material, the layers of insulating material being wider than the resistance strip arrangement.
  • the arrangement of the resistance strips can have a meandering shape, for example.
  • Such an electrical heating element is known from US Pat. No. 3,263,307.
  • heating element can tear at the edges or at the nail holes. Under certain conditions, the heating element can be torn, so that the resistance strip arrangement is disturbed or breaks and thus becomes unusable.
  • a heating element is shown with an electrical resistance strip 2 which is meandered.
  • the electrical connections are labeled 3 and 4.
  • the resistance strip is applied as a layer to at least one film made of insulation material 5, the width of which is greater than the width of the resistance strip arrangement.
  • the free insulation surfaces outside the resistor strip assembly are normally used to attach the element to a wall, ceiling, or the like by nailing or otherwise.
  • these are provided according to the invention with reinforcing material 6 in the form of flat material, or in the form of tapes or strips of fabric or the like.
  • the reinforcement consists of a somewhat stretchable textile fabric, as a result of which the best possible connection between the insulating films and the reinforcement can be achieved.
  • the reinforcement is required to withstand tensile strengths of at least 10 Newtons in each direction for ten seconds.
  • this element consists of two arrays of resistance strips 10 and 11, which can be connected in parallel or in series, depending on the requirements of the installation.
  • this case in addition to the outer reinforcements 13, there is also a reinforcement strip 12 or the like in the "side surface" between the two resistance strip arrangements 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the element according to FIG. 1 along the section line III.
  • the resistance strip arrangement designated 2
  • the resistance strip arrangement is located between two insulation foils 5 in the form of a layer arrangement
  • the reinforcements 6 are also located in the form of a layer arrangement between the insulation foils 5.
  • only a single insulation foil can be used, onto which the resistance strips - Arrangement 2 and the reinforcement 6 are applied as layers.
  • the reinforcements 6, which are attached in the "nail surface" of the heating element, should preferably have a thickness which is greater than the thickness of the resistance strip arrangement, in order to avoid undesired pressure on the resistance strips during installation. When nailing the element to a wall or ceiling, the reinforcements absorb all or most of the pressure that would otherwise undesirably affect the resistance strip arrangement.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a portion of a side surface of a heating element, in which the insulating films are transparent to facilitate attachment tern.
  • the reinforcement is of the type of a to some extent stretchable, coarse-mesh textile fabric. In this case, the installers can simply be instructed to tap the nails into the reinforcement surface, or better, if the reinforcement is made of colored material, into the colored surface.
  • FIGS. Cross sections of the side surface according to FIG. 4 are shown in FIGS. It can be seen there that the two insulation foils 5 lie against one another and are connected there by the spaces between the horizontal and vertical threads 20 and 21 of the reinforcement, so that the best possible connection between the insulation foils and the reinforcement is achieved.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Um das Ausreißen eines flächenhaften elektrischen Heizelementes an seinen Rändern beim Befestigen (beispielsweise durch Nageln) zu erschweren, sind die seitlichen Flächen der Isolationsfolien mechanisch verstärkt. Die Verstärkung besteht aus einem in gewissem Maße dehnbaren grobmaschigen Textilgewebe.In order to make it more difficult to tear out a flat electrical heating element at its edges when fastening it (for example by nailing), the lateral surfaces of the insulating foils are mechanically reinforced. The reinforcement consists of a to some extent stretchable coarse-mesh textile fabric.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Heizelement, das aus einer Anordnung von elektrischen Widerstandsstreifen besteht, die in einem vorgegebenen Muster zwischen Schichten aus Isoliermaterial angeordnet sind, wobei die Schichten aus Isoliermaterial breiter als die Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung sind. Die Anordnung der Widerstandsstreifen kann beispielsweise eine Mäanderform haben. Ein derartiges elektrisches Heizelement ist bekannt aus der US-PS 3 263 307.The invention relates to an electrical heating element which consists of an arrangement of electrical resistance strips which are arranged in a predetermined pattern between layers of insulating material, the layers of insulating material being wider than the resistance strip arrangement. The arrangement of the resistance strips can have a meandering shape, for example. Such an electrical heating element is known from US Pat. No. 3,263,307.

Ein Problem, das bei der Installation von solchen Heizelementen entsteht, besteht darin, daß das Heizelement an den Rändern oder an den Nagellöchern ausreißen kann. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen kann das Heizelement dabei zerrissen werden, so daß die Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung gestört wird oder bricht und somit unbrauchbar wird.A problem that arises with the installation of such heating elements is that the heating element can tear at the edges or at the nail holes. Under certain conditions, the heating element can be torn, so that the resistance strip arrangement is disturbed or breaks and thus becomes unusable.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Heizelement der oben genannten Art anzugeben, welches eine höhere Reißfestigkeit aufweist.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a heating element of the type mentioned above, which has a higher tear strength.

Die Aufgabe wird wie im Patentanspruch 1 angegeben gelöst. Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved as specified in claim 1. Further training results from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen beispielsweise näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein Heizelement gemäß der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 ein Doppel-Heizelement,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie III,
  • Fig. 4 einen Teil eines Heizelementes mit einer grobmaschigen Verstärkung,
  • Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt durch das Element nach Fig. 4 entlang der Schnittlinie V und
  • Fig. 6 einen Querschnitt durch das Element nach Fig. 4 entlang der Schnittlinie VI.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, for example. Show it:
  • 1 shows a heating element according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a double heating element,
  • 3 shows a cross section along the section line III,
  • 4 shows a part of a heating element with a coarse mesh reinforcement,
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the element of FIG. 4 along the section line V and
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross section through the element of FIG. 4 along the section line VI.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Heizelementlmit einem elektrischen Widerstandsstreifen 2 gezeigt, dermäanderförmig angeodnet ist. Die elektrischen Anschlüsse sind mit 3 und 4 bezeichnet. Der Widerstandsstreifen ist als Schicht auf mindestens eine Folie aus Isolationsmaterial 5 aufgebracht, deren Breite größer ist als die Breite der Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung.In Fig. 1, a heating element is shown with an electrical resistance strip 2 which is meandered. The electrical connections are labeled 3 and 4. The resistance strip is applied as a layer to at least one film made of insulation material 5, the width of which is greater than the width of the resistance strip arrangement.

Die freien Isolationsflächen außerhalb der Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung werden normalerweise dazu benutzt, das Element durch Nageln oder auf andere Weise an einer Wand, einer Decke oder dergleichen zu befestigen. Um die seitlichen Isolationsflächen zu verstärken, sind diese erfindungsgemäß mit Verstärkungsmaterial 6 in Form von flächigem Material, oder in Form von Bändern oder von Stoffstreifen oder dergleichen versehen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die Verstärkung aus in gewissem Maße dehnbarem Textilgewebe, wodurch sich die beste mögliche Verbindung zwischen den Isolationsfolien und der Verstärkung erzielen läßt. Von der Verstärkung wird gefordert, daß sie in jeder Richtung Reißkräfte von mindestens 10 Newton zehn Sekunden lang aushält.The free insulation surfaces outside the resistor strip assembly are normally used to attach the element to a wall, ceiling, or the like by nailing or otherwise. In order to reinforce the lateral insulation surfaces, these are provided according to the invention with reinforcing material 6 in the form of flat material, or in the form of tapes or strips of fabric or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcement consists of a somewhat stretchable textile fabric, as a result of which the best possible connection between the insulating films and the reinforcement can be achieved. The reinforcement is required to withstand tensile strengths of at least 10 Newtons in each direction for ten seconds.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Prinzips auf ein sogenanntes Doppel-Heizelement. Wie gezeigt,besteht dieses Element aus zwei Anordnungen von Widerstnadsstreifen 10 und 11, welche parallel oder in Reihe geschaltet sein können, je nachdem,wie es die Installation verlangt. In diesem Falle ist zusätzlich zu den äußeren Verstärkungen 13 auch ein Verstärkungsstreifen 12 oder dergleichen in der "Seitenfläche" zwischen den beiden Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnungen 10 und 11 vorhanden.2 shows the application of the principle according to the invention to a so-called double heating element. As shown, this element consists of two arrays of resistance strips 10 and 11, which can be connected in parallel or in series, depending on the requirements of the installation. In this case, in addition to the outer reinforcements 13, there is also a reinforcement strip 12 or the like in the "side surface" between the two resistance strip arrangements 10 and 11.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt des Elements nach Fig. 1 entlang der Schnittlinie III. Die mit 2 bezeichnete Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung befindet sich zwischen zwei Isolationsfolien 5 in Form einer Schichtanordnung, und die Verstärkungen 6 befinden sich ebenfalls in Form einer Schichtanordnung zwischen den Isolationsfolien 5. In manchen Fällen kann auch nur eine einzige Isolationsfolie verwendet werden, auf die die Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung 2 und die Verstärkung 6 als Schichten aufgebracht werden. Die Verstärkungen 6, die in der "Nagelfläche" des Heizelements angebracht sind,sollten vorzugsweise eine Dicke haben, die größer ist als die Dicke der Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung, damit während der Installation ein unerwünschter Druck auf die Widerstandsstreifen vermieden wird. Beim Nageln des Elements an eine Wand oder an eine Decke nehmen die Verstärkungen den ganzen Druck oder den größten Teil davon auf, der ansonsten die Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung in unerwünschter Weise beeinträchtigen würde.FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the element according to FIG. 1 along the section line III. The resistance strip arrangement, designated 2, is located between two insulation foils 5 in the form of a layer arrangement, and the reinforcements 6 are also located in the form of a layer arrangement between the insulation foils 5. In some cases, only a single insulation foil can be used, onto which the resistance strips - Arrangement 2 and the reinforcement 6 are applied as layers. The reinforcements 6, which are attached in the "nail surface" of the heating element, should preferably have a thickness which is greater than the thickness of the resistance strip arrangement, in order to avoid undesired pressure on the resistance strips during installation. When nailing the element to a wall or ceiling, the reinforcements absorb all or most of the pressure that would otherwise undesirably affect the resistance strip arrangement.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch einen Abschnitt einer Seitenfläche eines Heizelements, be dem die Isolationsfolien durchsichtig sind , um die Befestigung zu erleichtern. Die Verstärkung ist dabei von der Art eines in gewissem Maße dehnbaren grobmaschigen Textilgewebes. In diesem Falle können die Installationsleute einfach angewiesen werden, die Nägel in die Verstärkungsfläche zu schlagen, oder besser, wenn die Verstärkung aus gefärbtem Material besteht, in die gefärbte Fläche.Fig. 4 shows schematically a portion of a side surface of a heating element, in which the insulating films are transparent to facilitate attachment tern. The reinforcement is of the type of a to some extent stretchable, coarse-mesh textile fabric. In this case, the installers can simply be instructed to tap the nails into the reinforcement surface, or better, if the reinforcement is made of colored material, into the colored surface.

Querschnitte der Seitenfläche nach Fig. 4 sind in den Figuren 5 gezeigt. Man sieht dort, daß die beiden Isolationsfolien 5 durch die Zwischenräume zwischen den horizontalen und vertikalen Fäden 20 und 21 der Verstärkung aneinanderliegen und dort verbunden sind, so daß die bestmögliche Verbindung zwischen den Isolationsfolien und der Verstärkung erreicht wird.Cross sections of the side surface according to FIG. 4 are shown in FIGS. It can be seen there that the two insulation foils 5 lie against one another and are connected there by the spaces between the horizontal and vertical threads 20 and 21 of the reinforcement, so that the best possible connection between the insulation foils and the reinforcement is achieved.

Claims (6)

1. Elektrisches Heizelement, das aus einer Anordnung von elektrischen Widerstandsstreifen besteht,die in einem vorgegebenen Muster zwischen Schichten aus Isoliermaterial angeordnet sind, wobei die Schichten aus Isoliermaterial breiter als die Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß es in den seitlichen Flächen im Bereich des über die Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung (2) hinausragenden Isoliermaterials (5) mit einer mechanischen Verstärkung (6) versehen ist.1. Electric heating element, which consists of an arrangement of electrical resistance strips, which are arranged in a predetermined pattern between layers of insulating material, the layers of insulating material being wider than the resistance strip arrangement, characterized in that it is in the lateral surfaces in the area the insulating material (5) projecting beyond the resistance strip arrangement (2) is provided with a mechanical reinforcement (6). 2. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstärkung (6) sich zwischen den Schichten (5) aus Isoliermaterial befindet.2. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (6) is located between the layers (5) made of insulating material. 3. Heizelement nach Anspruch 2 oder 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Isoliermaterial (5) durchsichtig ist und die mechanische Verstärkung (6) aus farbigem, sichtbarem Material besteht.3. Heating element according to claim 2 or 1, characterized in that the insulating material (5) is transparent and the mechanical reinforcement (6) consists of colored, visible material. 4. Heizelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstärkung (6) dicker ist als die Widerstandsstreifen-Anordnung (2) (Fig.3).4. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (6) is thicker than the resistance strip arrangement (2) (Fig.3). 5. Heizelement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstärkung (6) aus einem in gewissem Maße dehnbaren grobmaschigen Textilgewebe besteht.5. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (6) consists of a to some extent stretchable coarse-mesh textile fabric. 6. Heizelement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schichten aus Isoliermaterial (5) in den Öffnungen des grobmaschigen Textilgewebes miteinander verbunden sind (Fig. 5,6).6. Heating element according to claim 5, characterized in that the layers of insulating material (5) are interconnected in the openings of the coarse-mesh textile fabric (Fig. 5,6).
EP81105029A 1980-07-03 1981-06-27 Electrical heating element Expired EP0043531B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81105029T ATE32158T1 (en) 1980-07-03 1981-06-27 ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO802003 1980-07-03
NO802003A NO147975C (en) 1980-07-03 1980-07-03 ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0043531A2 true EP0043531A2 (en) 1982-01-13
EP0043531A3 EP0043531A3 (en) 1982-12-22
EP0043531B1 EP0043531B1 (en) 1988-01-20

Family

ID=19885565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105029A Expired EP0043531B1 (en) 1980-07-03 1981-06-27 Electrical heating element

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4363947A (en)
EP (1) EP0043531B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE32158T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1165367A (en)
DE (2) DE3176626D1 (en)
DK (1) DK153270C (en)
FI (1) FI68142C (en)
NO (1) NO147975C (en)

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EP0171828A1 (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-02-19 Standard Telefon Og Kabelfabrik A/S Electrical heating element
WO1997039942A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-30 Thermion Systems International Method for preventing biofouling in aquatic environments

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US4439666A (en) * 1981-10-07 1984-03-27 Intermountain Thermafloor Electrical heating system
US4441017A (en) * 1983-03-02 1984-04-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Flexible strip heater
NO157840C (en) * 1984-09-10 1988-05-25 Standard Tel Kabelfab As ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT.
DE3433702A1 (en) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld WALL, CEILING AND / OR FLOOR TRAINING AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
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US5637247A (en) * 1995-01-03 1997-06-10 Flynn, Jr.; Joseph Electricially heated hinged mat
US5908573A (en) * 1997-12-30 1999-06-01 Bask Technologies Llc Electric floor heating system
US6303905B1 (en) 2000-08-25 2001-10-16 Bask Technologies Llc Heating element construction for floor warming systems
US7220947B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-05-22 Global Heating Solutions, Inc. Pipe heater
US20150366367A1 (en) 2007-03-19 2015-12-24 Augustine Temperature Management LLC Electric heating pad with electrosurgical grounding
US10201935B2 (en) 2007-03-19 2019-02-12 Augustine Temperature Management LLC Electric heating pad
US8283602B2 (en) 2007-03-19 2012-10-09 Augustine Temperature Management LLC Heating blanket
US20090099630A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Augustine Biomedical And Design Llc Tuckable electric warming blanket for patient warming
US20140069540A1 (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-13 Jean Renee Chesnais Wrappable sleeve with heating elements and methods of use and construction thereof
US20150290062A1 (en) 2014-04-10 2015-10-15 Augustine Biomedical And Design, Llc Underbody Supports with Patient Securing Features
WO2016077742A1 (en) 2014-11-13 2016-05-19 Augustine Temperature Management, Llc Heated underbody warming systems with electrosurgical grounding
US10765580B1 (en) 2019-03-27 2020-09-08 Augustine Biomedical And Design, Llc Patient securement system for the surgical trendelenburg position
US11723790B2 (en) 2021-11-09 2023-08-15 Vivos Therapeutics, Inc. Vibrational oral appliance with mandibular advancements
US11844733B1 (en) 2022-06-23 2023-12-19 Augustine Biomedical And Design, Llc Patient securement system for the surgical Trendelenburg position

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0171828A1 (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-02-19 Standard Telefon Og Kabelfabrik A/S Electrical heating element
WO1997039942A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-30 Thermion Systems International Method for preventing biofouling in aquatic environments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO147975C (en) 1983-07-13
NO147975B (en) 1983-04-05
EP0043531A3 (en) 1982-12-22
DE8118960U1 (en) 1981-11-26
CA1165367A (en) 1984-04-10
FI68142C (en) 1985-07-10
FI810873L (en) 1982-01-04
FI68142B (en) 1985-03-29
EP0043531B1 (en) 1988-01-20
DK153270C (en) 1988-11-28
ATE32158T1 (en) 1988-02-15
US4363947A (en) 1982-12-14
DK293481A (en) 1982-01-04
NO802003L (en) 1982-01-04
DK153270B (en) 1988-06-27
DE3176626D1 (en) 1988-02-25

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