EP0040807B1 - Spatial structure for building retaining walls covered with vegetation - Google Patents

Spatial structure for building retaining walls covered with vegetation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0040807B1
EP0040807B1 EP81103867A EP81103867A EP0040807B1 EP 0040807 B1 EP0040807 B1 EP 0040807B1 EP 81103867 A EP81103867 A EP 81103867A EP 81103867 A EP81103867 A EP 81103867A EP 0040807 B1 EP0040807 B1 EP 0040807B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
support block
support
support blocks
slope
clearances
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EP81103867A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0040807A1 (en
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Herwig Neumann
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Priority to AT81103867T priority Critical patent/ATE6377T1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0216Cribbing walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01FADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/02Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
    • E01F8/021Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure
    • E01F8/024Beam-type, e.g. square-set

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component system for creating plantable walls, noise barriers or slope supports, with support brackets running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wall, which are placed directly one above the other with flat, upper and lower contact surfaces, and with longitudinal elements consisting of a base plate and an adjoining parapet part, which in Open recesses of the trestles are introduced at the front and form open planting levels for the soil filled in between the trestle stacks.
  • the support trestle stacks formed from stacked support frames protrude into the slope to be supported, while the soil is intercepted towards the visible side by parapet elements that run in the longitudinal direction of the wall and into the front open recesses of two adjacent and at the same height arranged support stands are introduced.
  • a space lattice arrangement for the production of retaining walls which consists of approximately the same girders lying transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wall and runners running in the direction of the wall.
  • two ties arranged at a longitudinal distance from one another are each covered by a runner on the slope side and a runner arranged near the visible side of the retaining wall, so that approximately a square is formed in the plan view.
  • the respective binder is still covered by the ends of the runners belonging to the adjacent square, and a sequence of binders is then placed on the runners again.
  • trusses and runners Since the trusses and runners have upper and lower recesses in the single or double width of the beam cross-section and are mutually interlocked with the recesses in the superimposed arrangement, trusses and runners from the lowest to the uppermost layer are inevitably in a vertical arrangement one above the other.
  • the square or rectangular shaft formed between two vertical rows of trusses with the cross-runners in between can be filled with gravel or crushed stone to give the retaining wall a drainage effect.
  • every second runner is designed like a trough, which is used to fill the retaining wall with filled soil.
  • the trough shape arises from the fact that a base plate and an apron running obliquely upward in cross section are formed on the runner forming the trough rear wall.
  • the invention has for its object to achieve an increased static strength for a retaining wall or slope support to be created from the component described above and thereby reduce the effort due to the deep integration necessary for comparable stability in the slope.
  • support stands lying at the same height adjacent support block stack are designed as a support for a transom of generally rectangular cross-section, the lower portion of the upwardly open recesses of the two support frames and the upper portion of downwardly open recesses of two overlying Support frames is included, the locking beam and the recesses being arranged near the slope ends of the support frames, and in that the adjacent stack of support frames, longitudinal elements and locking beams are combined to form a group of elements which is adapted to the slope, and which has its own weight and the load of the filled-in soil forms an inclined weight column that withstands the slope forces that occur.
  • the trestles sitting directly on top of one another in the trestle stacks have the task of absorbing shear stresses acting obliquely or approximately in the longitudinal direction of the wall, the supporting force partly resulting from the frictional force of the connection between the trestles and the underlying trestles, but partly also being ensured by the transom bars according to the invention, which thus does that Complete the component system similar to a space grid and also absorb transverse shear forces acting on the trestle stack in an uncontrolled manner from the slope and are able to ablate.
  • the locking bars can have a somewhat shorter length than twice the distance between two adjacent trestle stacks and can be arranged symmetrically to the latter. In this way, any difficulties with the offset of the transom bars and with the construction of the space grille are excluded. In addition, an easier adaptation to a curve of the wall can be achieved due to the provided longitudinal distances. The longitudinal distances between the transom bars remain small enough so that the soil filled into the space lattice forms a coherent unit and has no significant connection to the outside through which the slope forces could penetrate uncontrollably.
  • each support frame is connected to the support frame above and below it by a locking beam and thus secured against displacement.
  • the height of a transom can be about half the height of the trestle.
  • the width of locking bars, which are arranged in the lower region of a pair of trestle stacks, can be greater than the width of locking bars to be laid at a greater height of a wall. This saves on manufacturing costs and the weight of these components and at the same time ensures that the clear cross section of the space lattice remains as large as possible in the middle or upper regions of the retaining wall, although relatively short trestles are used there.
  • the locking bars contain recesses at least on their upper or lower side, with which support supports of a pair of support supports are overlapped at the same height. In this way, the trestles can also be secured against displacement in the direction of the wall.
  • longer support brackets extending deeper into the slope have a plurality of upper recesses so that a shorter support bracket placed on a longer support bracket can be placed with its lower recess on a locking beam which corresponds to the desired setback of the retaining wall at the front.
  • the transom can be replaced by U-shaped or H-shaped brackets, the horizontal legs of which correspond to the cross section of the transom and are surrounded by the upper and lower recesses of the trestles.
  • This simplified bracing of support frames lying one above the other is sufficient for the strength of the wall in the upper floors, since only slight slope forces occur here.
  • two adjacent support brackets 13 belonging to a construction section A or B are provided at their front end with an upwardly directed projection 26 which limits a support surface for the longitudinal element 10 used to the front.
  • the longitudinal element is inserted into the receptacle 25, which is delimited at the front by the projection and is open at the top, and consists of a longer parapet part 12 which is inclined towards the front and a shorter base plate 11 connected to it Mistake.
  • a locking bar 20 is placed on the two trestles 13 according to FIG. 1, the lower half of which is received in recesses 22 which are open at the top in the upper side of the support trestles and of recesses 24 which are open at the bottom from the support supports above the next Floor is covered.
  • the upper recesses 22 are closer to the rear end of the trestles than the lower recesses 24, whereby the back offset of the stacked trestles and thus the inclination of the wall is determined.
  • Embodiments for differently inclined walls are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the bottom trestles are anchored in a foundation 28 in the ground.
  • the wall in its longitudinal course consists of sections A, B ... lined up. Each section is formed by a pair of adjacent trestle stacks, which according to Fig. 1 by the longitudinal elements 10 inserted at the front and the locking beams placed in the rear area of the trestles a space grid can be completed.
  • a space grid can be completed.
  • Fig. 5 shows a relatively large retaining wall with a height of approximately 16 m, the trestle stack being constructed from trestles 13 of different lengths. From Fig. 5 it can be seen that square locking elements 20 are inserted in cross-section in the recesses of the lower long trestles, while the locking elements arranged above have a rectangular cross section in portrait format. In all trestles of this wall, the recesses are arranged at the same distance from the back. This results in a uniform inclination of the spatial grid on the slope. The load of the space grating and the earth pillar filled into the space grating is continuously removed downwards and in the direction of the slope, so that an optimal slope support is created without the trestles being able to move against one another. It can also be seen from FIG. 5 that the inclination on the visible side of the retaining wall has a flatter course, since a total of five different long types of trestles have been used.
  • additional recesses 27 are provided in the upper side 14, into which the locking bar 20 is inserted when the support frame above it should have a shorter length.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

A locking beam to form a three-dimensional lattice in a construction system for plantable shoring walls comprising support blocks stacked one above the other with plane upper and under sides transversely to the longitudinal wall direction and acting as spacing means between individual planting level-forming longitudinal components consisting of a base plate and of a breast part joining same and always resting on two support blocks, each of the consecutive pairs of support block stacks forming together with the earth filled in them and the deposited longitudinal components a construction section acting as a static slope shoring unit is disclosed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauelementsystem zur Erstellung bepflanzbarer Mauern, Lärmschutzwällen oder Hangabstützungen, mit quer zur Mauerlängsrichtung verlaufenden Stützbökken, die mit ebenen, oberen und unteren Auflageflächen unmittelbar übereinandergesetzt sind, und mit aus einer Bodenplatte und einem daran winklig anschließenden Brüstungsteil bestehenden Längselementen, die in zur Stirnseite offene Ausnehmungen der Stützböcke eingeführt sind und nach vorn offene Bepflanzungsetagen für das zwischen die Stützbockstapel eingefüllte Erdreich bilden.The invention relates to a component system for creating plantable walls, noise barriers or slope supports, with support brackets running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wall, which are placed directly one above the other with flat, upper and lower contact surfaces, and with longitudinal elements consisting of a base plate and an adjoining parapet part, which in Open recesses of the trestles are introduced at the front and form open planting levels for the soil filled in between the trestle stacks.

Bei einem aus der FR-A-2401 277 bekannten Bauelementsystem der vorbezeichneten Art ragen die aus übereinandergesetzten Stützbökken gebildeten Stützbockstapel in den abzustützenden Hang hinein, während das Erdreich nach vorn zur Sichtseite durch in Längsrichtung der Mauer verlaufende Brüstungselemente abgefangen wird, die in die nach vorn offenen Ausnehmungen von jeweils zwei benachbarten und auf gleicher Höhe angeordneten Stützbökken eingeführt sind.In a component system of the aforementioned type known from FR-A-2401 277, the support trestle stacks formed from stacked support frames protrude into the slope to be supported, while the soil is intercepted towards the visible side by parapet elements that run in the longitudinal direction of the wall and into the front open recesses of two adjacent and at the same height arranged support stands are introduced.

Weiterhin ist aus der CH-A-450303 eine Raumgitteranordnung zur Herstellung von Stützmauern bekannt, die aus etwa gleichen, quer zur Mauerlängsrichtung liegenden Bindern und in Mauerrichtung verlaufenden Läufern besteht. Gemäß der üblichen Anordnung solcher Raumgitter werden zwei unter Längsabstand zueinander angeordnete Binder von je einem hangseitigen Läufer und einem nahe der Sichtseite der Stützmauer angeordneten Läufer überdeckt, so daß in der Draufsicht ungefähr ein Quadrat entsteht. Gleichzeitig wird der jeweilige Binder noch von den Enden der zum benachbarten Quadrat gehörenden Läufer überdeckt, und auf die Läufer wird dann wieder eine Folge von Bindern aufgesetzt. Da die Binder und Läufer obere und untere Ausnehmungen in der einfachen bzw. doppelten Breite des Balkenquerschnittes aufweisen und mit den Ausnehmungen in der aufeinanderliegenden Anordnung gegenseitig verzahnt sind, befinden sich Binder und Läufer von der untersten bis zur obersten Lage zwangsläufig in senkrechter Anordnung übereinander. Der zwischen zwei senkrechten Folgen von Bindern mit den dazwischen querverlaufenden Läufern gebildete quadratische oder rechteckige Schacht kann mit Kies oder Schotter aufgefüllt werden, um der Stützmauer eine Dränagewirkung zu verleihen.Furthermore, from CH-A-450303 a space lattice arrangement for the production of retaining walls is known which consists of approximately the same girders lying transversely to the longitudinal direction of the wall and runners running in the direction of the wall. According to the usual arrangement of such space grids, two ties arranged at a longitudinal distance from one another are each covered by a runner on the slope side and a runner arranged near the visible side of the retaining wall, so that approximately a square is formed in the plan view. At the same time, the respective binder is still covered by the ends of the runners belonging to the adjacent square, and a sequence of binders is then placed on the runners again. Since the trusses and runners have upper and lower recesses in the single or double width of the beam cross-section and are mutually interlocked with the recesses in the superimposed arrangement, trusses and runners from the lowest to the uppermost layer are inevitably in a vertical arrangement one above the other. The square or rectangular shaft formed between two vertical rows of trusses with the cross-runners in between can be filled with gravel or crushed stone to give the retaining wall a drainage effect.

Entsprechend der FR-A-2421 243 ist eine Raumgitteranordnung ähnlich der zuvor beschriebenen Art noch dadurch weitergebildet, daß in Mauerlängsrichtung jeder zweite Läufer ähnlich einem Trog ausgebildet ist, der mit eingefüllter Erde zur Begrünung der Stützmauer dient. Die Trogform entsteht dadurch, daß an den die Trogrückwand bildenden Läufer eine Bodenplatte und daran eine im Querschnitt schräg nach oben laufende Schürze angeformt sind.According to FR-A-2421 243, a space lattice arrangement similar to the type described above is further developed in that in the longitudinal direction of the wall, every second runner is designed like a trough, which is used to fill the retaining wall with filled soil. The trough shape arises from the fact that a base plate and an apron running obliquely upward in cross section are formed on the runner forming the trough rear wall.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für eine aus dem eingangs beschriebenen Bauelement zu erstellende Stützmauer oder Hangabstützung eine erhöhte statische Festigkeit zu erzielen und dabei den durch die bisher für vergleichbare Standfestigkeiten notwendigen tiefen Einbindungen in den Hang bedingten Aufwand zu verringern.The invention has for its object to achieve an increased static strength for a retaining wall or slope support to be created from the component described above and thereby reduce the effort due to the deep integration necessary for comparable stability in the slope.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß auf gleicher Höhe liegende Stützböcke benachbarter Stützbockstapel als Auflage für einen Riegelbalken von im allgemeinen rechteckigem Querschnitt ausgebildet sind, dessen unterer Abschnitt von nach oben offenen Ausnehmungen der beiden Stützböcke und dessen oberer Abschnitt von nach unten offenen Ausnehmungen zweier darüberliegender Stützböcke umfaßt ist, wobei der Riegelbalken und die Ausnehmungen in der Nähe der hangseitigen Enden der Stützböcke angeordnet sind, und daß die benachbarten Stützbockstapel, Längselemente und Riegelbalken zu einer an die Hangneigung angepaßten Bauelementengruppe vereinigt sind, die mit ihrem Eigengewicht und der Last des eingefüllten Erdreiches eine den auftretenden Hangkräften standhaltende, geneigte Gewichtssäule bildet.This object is achieved in that support stands lying at the same height adjacent support block stack are designed as a support for a transom of generally rectangular cross-section, the lower portion of the upwardly open recesses of the two support frames and the upper portion of downwardly open recesses of two overlying Support frames is included, the locking beam and the recesses being arranged near the slope ends of the support frames, and in that the adjacent stack of support frames, longitudinal elements and locking beams are combined to form a group of elements which is adapted to the slope, and which has its own weight and the load of the filled-in soil forms an inclined weight column that withstands the slope forces that occur.

Aufgrund der vorgeschlagenen formschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen übereinanderliegenden Stützböcken werden Verschiebungen innerhalb der Stützbockstapel ausgeschlossen, und gleichzeitig entsteht vorteilhaft mit jeweils zwei benachbarten Stützbockstapeln ein Raumgitter, das mit den das Erdreich nach vorn begrenzenden Längselementen und der eingefüllten Erde eine sich über die Höhe der Stützmauer erstreckende, leicht geneigte Säule bildet. Da eine Verschiebung in Längsrichtung der Stützböcke untereinander nicht möglich ist und da die aus dem Eigengewicht der Bauelemente und aus der eingefüllten Erde entstehende Auflast kontinuierlich nach unten weitergeleitet wird und sich in dieser Richtung zwangsläufig erhöht, erübrigen sich die bisher notwendig tiefen Einbindungen mit langen Stützböcken in den Hang und auch die daraus resultierenden umfangreichen Erdarbeiten. Die unmittelbar aufeinandersitzenden Stützböcke haben in den Stützbockstapeln die Aufgabe, schräg oder ungefähr in Mauerlängsrichtung angreifende Schubbeanspruchungen aufzunehmen, wobei die Abstützkraft teilweise aus der Reibkraft der Einbindung zwischen darüber- und darunterliegenden Stützböcken resultiert, teilweise aber auch durch die erfindungsgemäßen Riegelbalken besorgt wird, die somit das Bauelementsystem ähnlich einem Raumgitter vervollständigen und außerdem vom Hang her unkontrolliert auf die Stützbockstapel einwirkenden Querschubkräfte an den Stützböcken aufzunehmen und abzutragen in der Lage sind.Due to the proposed positive connection between superimposed trestles, displacements within the trestle stacks are excluded, and at the same time, advantageously with two adjacent trestle stacks, a spatial grid is formed, which easily extends with the longitudinal elements that limit the soil to the front and the filled-in earth that extends over the height of the retaining wall inclined column. Since a shift in the longitudinal direction of the trestles among one another is not possible, and since the load resulting from the weight of the components and from the filled-in earth is continuously passed downwards and inevitably increases in this direction, the previously necessary deep integration with long trestles is unnecessary the slope and the resulting extensive earthworks. The trestles sitting directly on top of one another in the trestle stacks have the task of absorbing shear stresses acting obliquely or approximately in the longitudinal direction of the wall, the supporting force partly resulting from the frictional force of the connection between the trestles and the underlying trestles, but partly also being ensured by the transom bars according to the invention, which thus does that Complete the component system similar to a space grid and also absorb transverse shear forces acting on the trestle stack in an uncontrolled manner from the slope and are able to ablate.

Gegenüber dem aus der FR-A-2401 277 bekannten und der Erfindung zugrunde gelegten Bauelementsystem für eine Stützmauer hat sich der grundsätzliche Aufbau nicht geändert. In jedem Fall bilden zwei benachbarte Stützbockstapel mit dem dazwischen eingefüllten Erdreich jeweils eine Einheit. Die zwischen diesen Einheiten befindlichen, ebenfalls mit Erdreich aufgefüllten Abstände, in denen die Fugen zwischen den Brüstungselementen und die Fugen zwischen benachbarten Riegelbalken liegen, bilden von den beidseitig benachbarten Raumgittern jeweils hälftig umfaßter Erdsäulen, die ebenfalls bei der Hangabstützung wirksam sind, darüber hinaus aber noch Setzungen zwischen den genannten Einheiten ermöglichen, ohne die Stützfunktion und das Erscheinungsbild der Mauer als ganzes zu beeinträchtigen. Im Schnitt der Stützmauer gesehen, befinden sich die Riegelbalken gewissermaßen in der Null-Linie zwischen dem vom Hang her sowie von der in das Raumgitter eingefüllten Erdsäule einwirkenden Belastunyen und erfordern deshalb keine nennenswerten Festigkeiten und Armierungen.Compared to the component system for a retaining wall known from FR-A-2401 277 and on which the invention is based, the basic structure has not changed. In any case, two adjacent trestle stacks form a unit with the soil filled between them. The spacing between these units, also filled with soil, at which the joints between the parapet elements and the joints between adjacent transom beams form half-encompassed columns of earth from the adjacent space grids, which are also effective in supporting the slope, but also beyond Settlements between the units mentioned allow without impairing the support function and the appearance of the wall as a whole. Seen in the section of the retaining wall, the transom beams are, so to speak, in the zero line between the stresses acting from the slope and the earth pillar filled into the space grille and therefore do not require any noteworthy strengths and reinforcements.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können die Riegelbalken eine etwas geringere Länge aufweisen als der doppelte Abstand zweier benachbarter Stützbockstapel und zu diesem symmetrisch angeordnet sein. Auf diese Weise werden jegliche Schwierigkeiten beim Versatz der Riegelbalken und beim Aufbau des Raumgitters ausgeschlossen. Außerdem läßt sich aufgrund der vorgesehenen Längsabstände eine leichtere Anpassung an einen Kurvenverlauf der Mauer erreichen. Die Längsabstände zwischen den Riegelbalken bleiben klein genug, damit das in das Raumgitter eingefüllte Erdreich eine zusammenhängende Einheit bildet und keine nennenswerte Verbindung nach außen besitzt, über die die Hangkräfte unkontrolliert eindringen könnten.In an embodiment of the invention, the locking bars can have a somewhat shorter length than twice the distance between two adjacent trestle stacks and can be arranged symmetrically to the latter. In this way, any difficulties with the offset of the transom bars and with the construction of the space grille are excluded. In addition, an easier adaptation to a curve of the wall can be achieved due to the provided longitudinal distances. The longitudinal distances between the transom bars remain small enough so that the soil filled into the space lattice forms a coherent unit and has no significant connection to the outside through which the slope forces could penetrate uncontrollably.

Vorzugsweise ist in den Stützbockstapeln jeder Stützbock mit dem darunter- und darüberliegenden Stützbock durch je einen Riegelbalken verbunden und somit gegen Verschiebungen gesichert. Die Höhe eines Riegelbalkens kann etwa der halben Stützbockhöhe entsprechen. Die Breite von Riegelbalken, die im unteren Bereich eines Stützbockstapelpaares angeordnet sind, kann größer sein als die Breite von in größerer Höhe einer Mauer zu verlegenden Riegelbalken. Dadurch wird an Herstellungskosten und am Gewicht dieser Bauelemente eingespart und gleichzeitig erreicht, daß der lichte Querschnitt des Raumgitters in mittleren oder oberen Bereichen der Stützmauer noch so groß wie möglich bleibt, obwohl dort verhältnismäßig kurze Stützböcke zur Anwendung kommen. Es kann weiterhin zweckmäßig sein, wenn die Riegelbalken wenigstens an ihrer Ober- oder Unterseite Ausnehmungen enthalten, mit denen in gleicher Höhe liegende Stützböcke eines Stützbockstapelpaares übergriffen sind. Auf diese Weise können die Stützböcke auch gegen Verschiebungen in Richtung des Mauerverlaufes gesichert werden.Preferably, in the stack of support frames, each support frame is connected to the support frame above and below it by a locking beam and thus secured against displacement. The height of a transom can be about half the height of the trestle. The width of locking bars, which are arranged in the lower region of a pair of trestle stacks, can be greater than the width of locking bars to be laid at a greater height of a wall. This saves on manufacturing costs and the weight of these components and at the same time ensures that the clear cross section of the space lattice remains as large as possible in the middle or upper regions of the retaining wall, although relatively short trestles are used there. It can furthermore be expedient if the locking bars contain recesses at least on their upper or lower side, with which support supports of a pair of support supports are overlapped at the same height. In this way, the trestles can also be secured against displacement in the direction of the wall.

Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform haben längere, tiefer in den Hang reichende Stützbökke mehrere obere Ausnehmungen, damit ein auf einen längeren Stützbock aufgesetzter kürzerer Stützbock mit seiner unteren Ausnehmung auf einen Riegelbalken aufgesetzt werden kann, der dem gewünschten Rückversatz der Stützmauer an der Vorderseite entspricht. Diese zusätzlichen Ausnehmungen sind aus Gründen der Serienfertigung längerer Stützböcke und deren verschiedenartige Anwendung sinnvoll.In another embodiment, longer support brackets extending deeper into the slope have a plurality of upper recesses so that a shorter support bracket placed on a longer support bracket can be placed with its lower recess on a locking beam which corresponds to the desired setback of the retaining wall at the front. These additional recesses are useful for reasons of series production of longer trestles and their various uses.

Bei den obersten Stützböcken eines Stützbockstapels kann der Riegelbalken durch U-oder H-förmige Klammern ersetzt sein, deren waagerechte Schenkel dem Querschnitt der Riegelbalken entsprechen und von den oberen und unteren Ausnehmungen der Stützböcke umfaßt ist. Diese vereinfachte Verklammerung übereinanderliegender Stützböcke ist für die Festigkeit der Mauer in den oberen Etagen ausreichend, da hier nur geringe Hangkräfte auftreten.In the uppermost trestles of a trestle stack, the transom can be replaced by U-shaped or H-shaped brackets, the horizontal legs of which correspond to the cross section of the transom and are surrounded by the upper and lower recesses of the trestles. This simplified bracing of support frames lying one above the other is sufficient for the strength of the wall in the upper floors, since only slight slope forces occur here.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind nachfolgend in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Stützbockpaares zur Bildung eines Raumgitters in einer Etage mit einem vorderen Längselement und einem rückwärtigen Riegelbalken,
  • Fig. 2 und 3 schematische Seitenansichten von Stützmauern nach der Erfindung mit unterschiedlichem Neigungsverlauf,
  • Fig. 4 eine Frontansicht der Stützmauer nach Fig. 2 oder 3,
  • Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht einer höheren Stützmauer nach der Erfindung.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings. It shows
  • 1 is a perspective view of a pair of trestles for forming a space lattice in one floor with a front longitudinal element and a rear locking beam,
  • 2 and 3 are schematic side views of retaining walls according to the invention with different inclination course,
  • 4 is a front view of the retaining wall of FIG. 2 or 3,
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of a higher retaining wall according to the invention.

Entsprechend Fig. 1 sind zwei zu einem Bauabschnitt A oder B (Fig.4) gehörende benachbarte Stützböcke 13 an ihrem vorderen Ende mit einem nach oben gerichteten Vorsprung 26 versehen, der eine Auflagefläche für das eingesetzte Längselement 10 nach vorn begrenzt. Das Längselement ist in die nach vorn durch den Vorsprung begrenzte und nach oben offene Aufnahme 25 eingesetzt und besteht aus einem nach vorn geneigten längeren Brüstungsteil 12 sowie einer daran angeschlossenen kürzeren Bodenplatte 11. Die Stützböcke 13 sind mit einer ebenen Oberseite 14 sowie einer ebenen Unterseite 15 versehen.According to FIG. 1, two adjacent support brackets 13 belonging to a construction section A or B (FIG. 4) are provided at their front end with an upwardly directed projection 26 which limits a support surface for the longitudinal element 10 used to the front. The longitudinal element is inserted into the receptacle 25, which is delimited at the front by the projection and is open at the top, and consists of a longer parapet part 12 which is inclined towards the front and a shorter base plate 11 connected to it Mistake.

Zur Bildung eines Raumgitters wird auf die beiden Stützböcke 13 nach Fig. 1 ein Riegelbalken 20 aufgelegt, der mit seiner unteren Hälfte in nach oben offenen Ausnehmungen 22 in der Oberseite der Stützböcke aufgenommen ist und von nach unten offenen Ausnehmungen 24 von darüber liegenden Stützböcken der nächsten Etage überfaßt wird. Somit werden durch einen Riegelbalken 20 je zwei Stützböcke paarweise gegen Längsverschiebungen verriegelt. Die oberen Ausnehmungen 22 befinden sich näher am rückwärtigen Ende der Stützböcke als die unteren Ausnehmungen 24, wodurch der Rückversatz der aufeinandergesetzten Stützböcke und damit die Neigung der Mauer bestimmt wird. Ausführungsbeispiele für unterschiedlich geneigte Mauern sind in Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellt. Jeweils die untersten Stützböcke sind in einem Fundament 28 im Erdreich verankert.To form a space grid, a locking bar 20 is placed on the two trestles 13 according to FIG. 1, the lower half of which is received in recesses 22 which are open at the top in the upper side of the support trestles and of recesses 24 which are open at the bottom from the support supports above the next Floor is covered. Thus, two support frames are locked in pairs against longitudinal displacements by a locking bar 20. The upper recesses 22 are closer to the rear end of the trestles than the lower recesses 24, whereby the back offset of the stacked trestles and thus the inclination of the wall is determined. Embodiments for differently inclined walls are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The bottom trestles are anchored in a foundation 28 in the ground.

Entsprechend Fig.4 besteht die Mauer in ihrem Längsverlauf aus aneinandergereihten Bauabschnitten A, B ... Jeder Bauabschnitt wird durch ein Paar benachbarter Stützbockstapel gebildet, der entsprechend Fig. 1 durch die vorn eingesetzten Längselemente 10 und die im rückwärtigen Bereich der Stützböcke aufgelegten Riegelbalken zu einem Raumgitter vervollständigt werden. Beim etagenweisen Aufbau der Stützmauer wird in das sich allmählich erhöhende Raumgitter ständig Erde eingefüllt und verdichtet, worauf die nächste Etage aufgesetzt wird.According to Fig. 4, the wall in its longitudinal course consists of sections A, B ... lined up. Each section is formed by a pair of adjacent trestle stacks, which according to Fig. 1 by the longitudinal elements 10 inserted at the front and the locking beams placed in the rear area of the trestles a space grid can be completed. When the retaining wall is built up on levels, soil is constantly filled and compacted in the gradually increasing space grid, on which the next floor is placed.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine verhältnismäßig große Stützmauer mit einer Höhe von ca. 16 m, wobei die Stützbockstapel aus unterschiedlich langen Stützböcken 13 aufgebaut sind. Aus Fig. 5 ist zu erkennen, daß in die Ausnehmungen der unteren langen Stützböcke im Querschnitt quadratische Riegelelemente 20 eingesetzt sind, während die darüber angeordneten Riegelelemente einen Rechteckquerschnitt in Hochkantformat besitzen. In sämtlichen Stützböcken dieser Mauer sind die Ausnehmungen in gleichem Abstand von der Rückseite her angeordnet. Dadurch ergibt sich zum Hang hin eine gleichmäßige Neigung des an den Hang angelegten Raumgitters. Die Last des Raumgitters und der in das Raumgitter eingefüllten Erdsäule wird kontinuierlich nach unten und in Richtung auf den Hang abgetragen, so daß eine optimale Hangabstützung entsteht, ohne daß sich die Stützböcke gegeneinander verschieben können. Man erkennt ferner aus Fig. 5, daß die Neigung an der Sichtseite der Stützmauer einen flacheren Verlauf besitzt, da insgesamt fünf verschiedene lange Stützbocktypen verwendet worden sind.Fig. 5 shows a relatively large retaining wall with a height of approximately 16 m, the trestle stack being constructed from trestles 13 of different lengths. From Fig. 5 it can be seen that square locking elements 20 are inserted in cross-section in the recesses of the lower long trestles, while the locking elements arranged above have a rectangular cross section in portrait format. In all trestles of this wall, the recesses are arranged at the same distance from the back. This results in a uniform inclination of the spatial grid on the slope. The load of the space grating and the earth pillar filled into the space grating is continuously removed downwards and in the direction of the slope, so that an optimal slope support is created without the trestles being able to move against one another. It can also be seen from FIG. 5 that the inclination on the visible side of the retaining wall has a flatter course, since a total of five different long types of trestles have been used.

Bei den Stützböcken 13 gemäß Fig. 1 sind in der Oberseite 14 zusätzliche Ausnehmungen 27 vorgesehen, in die der Riegelbalken 20 dann eingesetzt wird, wenn der darüberliegende Stützbock eine geringere Länge aufweisen sollte.1, additional recesses 27 are provided in the upper side 14, into which the locking bar 20 is inserted when the support frame above it should have a shorter length.

Claims (9)

1. System of construction components for erecting plantable walls, acuoustically insolating walls or slope shorings, comprising support blocks (13) extending transverse with respect to the lengthwise direction of the wall and being superposed to each other with plane upper and lower sides,
and logitudinal components consisting of a base plate (11) and an angularly adjoined sloped breast part (12), said longitudinal components being introduced into recesses open to the front of said support blocks and forming forwardly open planting levels for the earth filled into between the support block stacks,
characterized in that support blocks (13) arranged at the same heigth of adjacent support block stacks act as bearing for a locking beam (20) of substantially rectangular cross-section, its lower portion being encompassed by upwardly open clearances (22) of both support blocks, and its upper portion being by encompassed downward open clearances (24) in support blocks (13) thereabove, the locking beam and the clearances (22, 24) being arranged in the vicinity of the ends of the support blocks pointing into the slope,
and in that said adjacent support block stacks, longitudinal components (10) and locking beams (20) are combined into a group of construction components adapted to the slope, said group by its own weigth plus that of the earth filled into that group groups forming an inclined column of weigth withstanding the slope forces to occur.
2. System of construction components according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking beams (20) are somewhat shorter than twice the distance between two adjacent support block stacks, and are arranged symmetrically with respect to said stacks.
3. System of construction components according to claim 1, characterized in that the support block stacks each support block (13) is joined with the support block above and the support block below by one locking beam.
4. System of construction components according to claim 1, characterized in that the heigth of a locking element (20) corresponds to about half the support block heigth.
5. System of construction components according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the width of those locking beams (20) which are located in the lower areas of a pair of support block stacks exceeds the width of those locking beams located at greater elevations of the wall.
6. System of construction components according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking beams (20) comprise clearances at least at their upper of their under sides with which to span the clearances in a pair of support blocks (13) located at the same heigth.
7. System of construction components according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower clearances (22, 24) of all the support blocks are always arranged at the same smaller and the same larger distance, respectively from the end of the support block end pointing towards the slope.
8. System of construction components according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that longer support blocks (13) reaching deeper into the slope comprise several upper clearances (22,27).
9. System of construction components according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking beam for the uppermost support blocks of a stack is replaced by U-shaped of H-shaped clamps, said clamps being encompassed by the upper and lower clearances (22, 24) of the support blocks.
EP81103867A 1980-05-23 1981-05-20 Spatial structure for building retaining walls covered with vegetation Expired EP0040807B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81103867T ATE6377T1 (en) 1980-05-23 1981-05-20 COMPONENT SYSTEM FOR CREATING PLANTABLE RETAINING WALLS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3019675 1980-05-23
DE19803019675 DE3019675A1 (en) 1980-05-23 1980-05-23 LATCH BARS FOR THE FORMATION OF A SPACE GRID IN A COMPONENT SYSTEM FOR THE CREATION OF PLANTABLE SUPPORT WALLS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0040807A1 EP0040807A1 (en) 1981-12-02
EP0040807B1 true EP0040807B1 (en) 1984-02-22

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EP81103867A Expired EP0040807B1 (en) 1980-05-23 1981-05-20 Spatial structure for building retaining walls covered with vegetation

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US (1) US4384810A (en)
EP (1) EP0040807B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE6377T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3019675A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4384810A (en) 1983-05-24
EP0040807A1 (en) 1981-12-02
ATE6377T1 (en) 1984-03-15
DE3019675C2 (en) 1993-09-16
DE3019675A1 (en) 1981-12-03

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