EP0036810B1 - Process for charging a pyrotechnic delay unit - Google Patents

Process for charging a pyrotechnic delay unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036810B1
EP0036810B1 EP19810400424 EP81400424A EP0036810B1 EP 0036810 B1 EP0036810 B1 EP 0036810B1 EP 19810400424 EP19810400424 EP 19810400424 EP 81400424 A EP81400424 A EP 81400424A EP 0036810 B1 EP0036810 B1 EP 0036810B1
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Prior art keywords
composition
loading
pyrotechnic
delay
bar
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EP19810400424
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0036810A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-René Duguet
Gérard Dasse
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/16—Pyrotechnic delay initiators

Definitions

  • mixtures include different solid compounds and are formulated by considering the function they must fulfill: primary or secondary explosives, oxidants, metals or reducing compounds, various additives intended either to promote mixing, or to give the composition specific properties such as than electrical conduction, thermostability or sensitivity to certain actions.
  • the manufacture of a pyrotechnic device involves the establishment, or loading, of the elements of the pyrotechnic chain and is done by introducing in the pulverulent solid state quantities perfectly dosed by volume or by mass of each pyrotechnic composition which must be previously shaping.
  • the present invention provides a pyrotechnic device of the latter type, having an easier loading process, in particular in an automatic machine for loading ammunition, and which has improved characteristics of reproducibility, aging and performance, while eliminating the aforementioned drawbacks specific to the known shaping of the various constituents of a pyrotechnic chain.
  • the invention therefore allows the production of a pyrotechnic chain by dosing successively, and in particular volumetrically, in the pulverulent state, of compositions obtained by various known shaping methods, in particular by the process for coating pyrotechnic substances described in French patent No 2309493.
  • the granulation of the delay composition can be carried out in a known manner, by introduction of the composition into a planetary mixer, of a binder and of at least one solvent, until suitable wetting of the composition and obtaining of '' a fluid and homogeneous paste. After drying, this paste is introduced into a rotary granulator actuated from a distance. The granule obtained is spread and dried, then sieved between 80 and 200 ⁇ , to obtain a granulated retarding composition suitable for industrial loading.
  • the reinforcing or uncorking composition is prepared by simple dry mixing with the rotary mixture.
  • a final compression is then carried out with a flat punch under a pressure of 1900 bar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Description

Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des dispositifs pyrotechniques destinés à remplir diverses fonctions, par exemple de retard, d'allumage, d'éclairement, de traçage, de générateur de gaz ou de fumée, etc. Ces dispositifs sont constitués d'une chaîne pyrotechnique comprenant plusieurs éléments superposés. Ces éléments possèdent chacun un rôle propre et doivent transmettre le phénomène à l'élément suivant de la chaîne. Ils sont constitués de mélanges dits compositions pyrotechniques placés dans un support métallique tel que par exemple un tube.The technical sector of the present invention is that of pyrotechnic devices intended to fulfill various functions, for example of delay, ignition, lighting, tracing, gas or smoke generator, etc. These devices consist of a pyrotechnic chain comprising several superimposed elements. These elements each have their own role and must transmit the phenomenon to the next element in the chain. They consist of mixtures known as pyrotechnic compositions placed in a metal support such as for example a tube.

Ces mélanges comprennent différents composés solides et sont formulés en considérant la fonction qu'ils doivent remplir: explosifs primaires ou secondaires, oxydants, métaux ou composés réducteurs, additifs divers destinés soit à favoriser le mélange, soit à conférer à la composition des propriétés particulières telles que conduction électrique, thermostabilité ou sensibilité à certaines actions.These mixtures include different solid compounds and are formulated by considering the function they must fulfill: primary or secondary explosives, oxidants, metals or reducing compounds, various additives intended either to promote mixing, or to give the composition specific properties such as than electrical conduction, thermostability or sensitivity to certain actions.

Cependant, ils doivent en outre répondre à d'autres contraintes pratiques d'utilisation, parmi lesquelles on trouve: homogénéité et reproductibilité des proportions, coulabilité en vue d'un dosage volumétrique, en général de type industriel, insensibilité à l'hygrométrie extérieure et surtout sécurité à la fois du procédé de mélange et des opérations de mise en oeuvre.However, they must also respond to other practical constraints of use, among which are: homogeneity and reproducibility of the proportions, flowability with a view to volumetric dosing, generally of industrial type, insensitivity to external humidity and above all safety both of the mixing process and of the implementation operations.

La fabrication d'un dispositif pyrotechnique comporte la mise en place, ou chargement, des éléments de la chaîne pyrotechnique et se fait en introduisant à l'état solide pulvérulent des quantités parfaitement dosées en volume ou en masse de chaque composition pyrotechnique qui doit être préalablement mise en forme.The manufacture of a pyrotechnic device involves the establishment, or loading, of the elements of the pyrotechnic chain and is done by introducing in the pulverulent solid state quantities perfectly dosed by volume or by mass of each pyrotechnic composition which must be previously shaping.

Il est déjà connu, dans la pratique industrielle courante, que le simple mélange à sec de plusieurs composés solides cristallisés ou non, plus ou moins hygroscopiques, de masses volumiques réelles différentes, de granulométrie étalée et souvent très fine, est parfois difficile sinon impossible.It is already known, in current industrial practice, that the simple dry mixing of several solid compounds, crystallized or not, more or less hygroscopic, of different real densities, of spread out granulometry and often very fine, is sometimes difficult if not impossible.

On connaît toutefois divers procédés de granulage pour obtenir des mélanges homogènes de plusieurs composés solides utilisables industriellement. Ces procédés impliquent la plupart du temps l'introduction dans le mélange d'une substance d'addition jouant le rôle de liant. Un tel procédé est décrit dans le brevet FR-A N° 2046583.However, various granulation processes are known for obtaining homogeneous mixtures of several solid compounds which can be used industrially. These methods mostly involve the introduction into the mixture of an addition substance acting as a binder. Such a process is described in patent FR-A No. 2046583.

La mise en forme de ces mélanges peut donc se faire de plusieurs manières:

  • - mélange à sec des composés pulvérulents,
  • - granulage mécanique à travers des grilles,
  • - enrobage avec un liant.
The shaping of these mixtures can therefore be done in several ways:
  • - dry mixing of the pulverulent compounds,
  • - mechanical granulation through grids,
  • - coating with a binder.

Les procédés choisis, pour chacun des éléments de la chaîne pyrotechnique, présentent souvent un certain nombre d'inconvénients parmi lesquels on peut citer:

  • - homogénéité difficile à assurer et entraînant soit une impossibilité de dosage, soit une dispersion trop grande dans le fonctionnement pouvant aller jusqu'au raté,
  • - sensibilité des compositions à l'hygrométrie extérieure compromettant leur dosage et leur stabilité ultérieure,
  • - taux de rebut important imposant des opérations supplémentaires de tri par tamisage ou des refontes de certaines fractions,
  • - accidents ou incidents dus à une excitation inopinée de la composition au cours d'opérations mécaniques sur des compositions sensibles.
The methods chosen, for each of the elements of the pyrotechnic chain, often have a certain number of drawbacks among which we can cite:
  • - homogeneity difficult to ensure and resulting in either an impossibility of dosing, or too great a dispersion in the operation which can go as far as failure,
  • - sensitivity of the compositions to external humidity compromising their dosage and their subsequent stability,
  • - high scrap rate requiring additional sorting operations by sieving or recasting of certain fractions,
  • - accidents or incidents due to unexpected excitation of the composition during mechanical operations on sensitive compositions.

De plus, dans le cas particulier d'une chaîne pyrotechnique pour bouchon allumeur, d'une grenade par exemple, comprenant successivement une composition d'allumage, un retard pyrotechnique et éventuellement une composition renforçatrice ou de débouchage, la mise en oeuvre simultanée, notamment dans une machine automatique de chargement, de ces divers composés solides est délicate. En effet, les compositions d'allumage sont sensibles aux frictions et à l'échauffement et présentent une granulométrie et une nature qui les rendent légèrement hygroscopiques, tandis que les compositions pyrotechniques jouant le rôle de retard sont mécaniquement moins sensibles mais impliquent une parfaite homogénéité et une grande régularité de masse chargée.In addition, in the particular case of a pyrotechnic chain for an igniter plug, of a grenade for example, successively comprising an ignition composition, a pyrotechnic delay and possibly a reinforcing or uncorking composition, the simultaneous implementation, in particular in an automatic loading machine, these various solid compounds is tricky. In fact, the ignition compositions are sensitive to friction and to heating and have a particle size and a nature which make them slightly hygroscopic, while the pyrotechnic compositions playing the role of delay are mechanically less sensitive but imply perfect homogeneity and a great regularity of loaded mass.

La présente invention propose un dispositif pyrotechnique de ce dernier type, présentant un procédé de chargement facilité, notamment dans une machine automatique de chargement de munitions, et qui présente des caractéristiques améliorées de reproductibilité, de vieillissement et de performances, tout en supprimant les inconvénients précités propres aux mises en forme connues des divers constituants d'une chaîne pyrotechnique.The present invention provides a pyrotechnic device of the latter type, having an easier loading process, in particular in an automatic machine for loading ammunition, and which has improved characteristics of reproducibility, aging and performance, while eliminating the aforementioned drawbacks specific to the known shaping of the various constituents of a pyrotechnic chain.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé pour le chargement d'un module pyrotechnique du type comprenant, successivement, des mélanges de composés pulvérulents consistant en une composition d'allumage, en une composition à retard, et, éventuellement en une composition renforçatrice, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes successives suivantes:

  • - chargement de la totalité de la composition d'allumage,
  • - chargement d'environ 20% de la composition à retard,
  • - compression avec un poinçon conique sous environ 1900 bar,
  • - chargement d'environ 60% de la composition à retard,
  • - compression avec un poinçon conique sous environ 1900 bar,
  • - chargement du reste de la composition à retard, puis de la composition renforçatrice.
  • - dernière compression avec un poinçon plat sous environ 1900 bar.
The subject of the invention is also a method for loading a pyrotechnic module of the type comprising, successively, mixtures of pulverulent compounds consisting of an ignition composition, a delay composition, and, optionally, a reinforcing composition, characterized in that it comprises the following successive stages:
  • - loading of the entire ignition composition,
  • - loading of approximately 20% of the delay composition,
  • - compression with a conical punch under approximately 1900 bar,
  • - loading of approximately 60% of the delay composition,
  • - compression with a conical punch under approximately 1900 bar,
  • - loading of the rest of the delay composition, then of the reinforcing composition.
  • - last compression with a flat punch under approximately 1900 bar.

L'invention permet donc la réalisation d'une chaîne pyrotechnique en dosant successivement, et en particulier volumétriquement, à l'état pulvérulent, des compositions obtenues par différents procédés connus de mise en forme, en particulier par le procédé d'enrobage de substances pyrotechniques décrit dans le brevet français No 2309493.The invention therefore allows the production of a pyrotechnic chain by dosing successively, and in particular volumetrically, in the pulverulent state, of compositions obtained by various known shaping methods, in particular by the process for coating pyrotechnic substances described in French patent No 2309493.

On rappelle que ce procédé permet d'obtenir directement, sans mélange préalable, sans opération mécanique source d'incidents, sans tri à la sortie, une composition pyrotechnique, notamment d'allumage ou à retard, homogène, reproductible, de parfaite coulabilité et d'hygroscopicité réduite. Il comprend essentiellement les étapes suivantes:

  • - mise en solution diluée d'un polymère d'enrobage dans un solvant, ionique ou non, à raison d'une concentration en poids de 2 à 20%,
  • - introduction de 10 à 60% en poids de la composition pyrotechnique pulvérulente à enrober, sous agitation convenable pour maintenir une dispersion homogène des particules,
  • - addition progressive sous agitation d'un ou plusieurs polymères antagonistes liquides ou visqueux pour lequel le solvant précité a une affinité plus grande que pour le polymère d'enrobage précédent, jusqu'à obtenir une concentration en poids comprise entre 20 et 60% du poids total,
  • - filtration pour séparer les grains plastifiés de la phase liquide résiduelle, puis lavage de ces grains,
  • - enfin, séchage pendant quelques heures de ces grains, à l'air libre ou en étuve.
It will be recalled that this process makes it possible to obtain directly, without prior mixing, without mechanical operation which is a source of incidents, without sorting at the outlet, a pyrotechnic composition, in particular of ignition or delay, homogeneous, reproducible, of perfect flowability and of reduced hygroscopicity. It basically includes the following steps:
  • - dissolving a coating polymer in a solvent, ionic or not, at a concentration by weight of 2 to 20%,
  • introduction of 10 to 60% by weight of the pulverulent pyrotechnic composition to be coated, with suitable stirring to maintain a homogeneous dispersion of the particles,
  • - gradual addition with stirring of one or more liquid or viscous antagonistic polymers for which the abovementioned solvent has a greater affinity than for the preceding coating polymer, until a concentration by weight of between 20 and 60% by weight is obtained total,
  • - filtration to separate the plasticized grains from the residual liquid phase, then washing of these grains,
  • - finally, drying these grains for a few hours, in the open air or in an oven.

De même, la granulation de la composition à retard peut être effectuée de façon connue, par introduction de la composition dans un malaxeur planétaire, d'un liant et d'au moins un solvant, jusqu'à mouillage convenable de la composition et obtention d'une pâte fluide et homogène. Après séchage, cette pâte est introduite dans une granuleuse rotative actionnée à distance. Le granulé obtenu est étalé et séché, puis tamisé entre 80 et 200 µ, pour obtenir une composition à retard granulée apte au chargement industriel.Likewise, the granulation of the delay composition can be carried out in a known manner, by introduction of the composition into a planetary mixer, of a binder and of at least one solvent, until suitable wetting of the composition and obtaining of '' a fluid and homogeneous paste. After drying, this paste is introduced into a rotary granulator actuated from a distance. The granule obtained is spread and dried, then sieved between 80 and 200 μ, to obtain a granulated retarding composition suitable for industrial loading.

Enfin, et de façon connue, on prépare par simple mélange à sec au mélange rotatif la composition renforçatrice ou de débouchage.Finally, and in a known manner, the reinforcing or uncorking composition is prepared by simple dry mixing with the rotary mixture.

Ce module pyrotechnique, destiné à équiper par exemple des mines, des torpilles, des charges de destruction, peut être fabriqué en grande série, sans contrainte d'hygrométrie, à l'aide de machines de chargement pondéral ou volumétrique, et présente une grande régularité de fonctionnement, une bonne fiabilité et un bon comportement au vieillissement, comme il est montré ci-après.This pyrotechnic module, intended to equip for example mines, torpedoes, destruction charges, can be manufactured in large series, without hygrometry constraint, using weight or volumetric loading machines, and has a great regularity. of operation, good reliability and good aging behavior, as shown below.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, on réalise le chargement unitaire de 30 modules à retard pyrotechnique en introduisant successivement dans chaque tube placé dans une matrice les compositions suivantes, après pesée à la balance de précision:

  • - 130 mg de composition d'allumage enrobée selon le procédé décrit dans le brevet français No 2309493,
  • - 70 mg de composition à retard granulée selon un procédé mécanique connu, puis en comprimant avec un poinçon conique sous une pression de 1900 bar,
  • - 200 mg de composition à retard granulée comme ci-dessus, en effectuant ensuite une nouvelle compression à 1900 bar, puis ajoutant:
  • - 70 mg de composition à retard granulée comme ci-dessus,
  • - 100 mg de composition renforçatrice mélangée au mélangeur rotatif.
By way of nonlimiting example, the unit loading of 30 modules with pyrotechnic delay is carried out by successively introducing into each tube placed in a matrix the following compositions, after weighing with a precision balance:
  • - 130 mg of priming composition coated by the method described in French Patent No. 2,309,493,
  • - 70 mg of granulated retard composition according to a known mechanical process, then by compressing with a conical punch under a pressure of 1900 bar,
  • - 200 mg of granulated retard composition as above, then performing a new compression at 1900 bar, then adding:
  • - 70 mg of granulated retard composition as above,
  • - 100 mg of reinforcing composition mixed in the rotary mixer.

On effectue alors une dernière compression avec un poinçon plat sous une pression de 1900 bar.A final compression is then carried out with a flat punch under a pressure of 1900 bar.

Les tubes terminés sont ensuite équipés d'une amorce à percussion. Leur tir au mouton de chute avec mesure des retards donne les résultats suivants: durée de retard moyenne de 5,8 s avec un écart type de 0,18 s.The finished tubes are then fitted with a percussion primer. Their fall shooting with delay measurement gives the following results: average delay time of 5.8 s with a standard deviation of 0.18 s.

Le tableau suivant permet de comparer les résultats obtenus par des modules pyrotechniques chargés avec des compositions pyrotechniques diversement mises en forme par les procédés connus mentionnés plus haut. Les séries de modules ontété soumises pendant4 d à une humidité relative de 100% à 35° C, puis sorties de l'étuve, amorcées et tirées au mouton de chute. Tous les modules comprennent une même composition renforçatrice simplement mélangée à sec.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 The following table makes it possible to compare the results obtained by pyrotechnic modules loaded with pyrotechnic compositions variously shaped by the known methods mentioned above. The series of modules were subjected for 4 d to a relative humidity of 100% at 35 ° C., then taken out of the oven, primed and drawn with the fall sheep. All the modules include a single reinforcing composition which is simply dry mixed.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Claims (1)

  1. A method for loading a pyrotechnic delay module of the type comprising, successively, mixtures of compounds in powder form consisting of an ignition composition, a delay composition and, possibly, a reinforcing composition, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:
    - loading of all the ignition composition,
    - loading of about 20% of the delay composition,
    - compression with a conical punch under a pressure of about 1,900 bar,
    - loading of about 60% of the delay composition,
    - compression with a conical punch under a pressure of about 1,900 bar,
    - loading of the rest of the delay composition, followed by the reinforcing composition,
    - a last compression with a flat punch under a pressure of about 1,900 bar.
EP19810400424 1980-03-21 1981-03-19 Process for charging a pyrotechnic delay unit Expired EP0036810B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8006293 1980-03-21
FR8006293A FR2478808B1 (en) 1980-03-21 1980-03-21 PYROTECHNIC DELAY MODULE AND ITS LOADING METHOD

Publications (2)

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EP0036810A1 EP0036810A1 (en) 1981-09-30
EP0036810B1 true EP0036810B1 (en) 1984-01-25

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EP (1) EP0036810B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3162005D1 (en)
ES (1) ES500328A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2478808B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008074037A2 (en) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-19 African Explosives Limited Rigid time delay element

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE212610T1 (en) * 1996-12-13 2002-02-15 Ruag Munition PYROTECHNICAL DELAY ELEMENT, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE THEREOF

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE550057A (en) * 1955-08-03
DE1771720B2 (en) * 1968-06-29 1975-12-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Initial sentence
DE1964887C3 (en) * 1969-12-24 1975-03-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Pyrotechnic reinforcement kits and their manufacture
FR2046583A5 (en) * 1970-04-29 1971-03-05 Explosifs Produits Chimi Delay action layers for detonators
US3727552A (en) * 1971-06-04 1973-04-17 Du Pont Bidirectional delay connector
FR2309493A1 (en) * 1973-03-15 1976-11-26 France Etat IMPROVED PULVERULENT PYROTECHNIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR PROCESS FOR OBTAINING
FR2353040A1 (en) * 1976-05-25 1977-12-23 Europ Propulsion LIGHTER FOR PROPULSIVE POWDER BLOCK

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008074037A2 (en) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-19 African Explosives Limited Rigid time delay element
WO2008074037A3 (en) * 2006-12-11 2008-07-31 African Explosives Ltd Rigid time delay element

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Publication number Publication date
FR2478808A1 (en) 1981-09-25
ES8201306A1 (en) 1981-12-16
EP0036810A1 (en) 1981-09-30
DE3162005D1 (en) 1984-03-01
FR2478808B1 (en) 1985-12-13
ES500328A0 (en) 1981-12-16

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