EP0034820A2 - Glued truss and formwork constructed therefrom - Google Patents

Glued truss and formwork constructed therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034820A2
EP0034820A2 EP81101224A EP81101224A EP0034820A2 EP 0034820 A2 EP0034820 A2 EP 0034820A2 EP 81101224 A EP81101224 A EP 81101224A EP 81101224 A EP81101224 A EP 81101224A EP 0034820 A2 EP0034820 A2 EP 0034820A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
truss
cross
section
timber
glued
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Granted
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EP81101224A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0034820B1 (en
EP0034820A3 (en
Inventor
Günter Knop
Norbert Peters
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STREIF AG
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STREIF AG
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E04G11/50Girders, beams, or the like as supporting members for forms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/16Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glued timber truss, which is particularly intended for formwork.
  • a carrier for construction is known, the structure of which is outlined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • This carrier has a one-piece upper flange and a parallel one-piece lower flange.
  • the upper and lower chords are connected to each other via diagonal bars and vertical posts, which are embedded in several parallel layers in the upper and lower chords with a rectangular cross-section and are connected by gluing.
  • the shorter sides of the rectangular cross section from the upper and lower chord run parallel to the beam height.
  • the diagonal bars and the vertical posts converge at their ends to form nodes in the upper and lower chord.
  • the distance between nodes forms a compartment.
  • the compartments are irregular and include triangular ones. and rectangular compartments.
  • Formwork girders of greater construction height require wide scaffolding platforms when used as wall formwork. If formwork anchors are attached, the girders must be drilled through the entire height to pass through the anchor, because the anchor plate for the formwork anchor can only be arranged on the lower chord side. All of this additional work is time consuming and cumbersome.
  • DE-OS 28 21 907 describes a wooden girder construction in which the upper and lower chord is in two parts, so that the wooden girder construction has a resolved cross section with three layers, the two outer layers consisting only of belts and the middle layer of diagonal bars is formed, the ends of which are glued together to form a knot with the two parts of the upper and lower chord.
  • the longer cross-sectional side of the upper and lower flange with a rectangular cross-section is aligned parallel to the beam height.
  • the rule is to push the bars into the knots without eccentricity. In this way, additional stresses in the bars are avoided. If the bars in the truss are knocked off center, misalignment moments occur, which result in additional stress. Therefore, in order to construct economically, the goal is to keep eccentricity as small as possible, if not avoidable.
  • the invention aims to provide a glued timber truss which, while overcoming the difficulties and disadvantages of the prior art, has a uniform and sufficient bending stiffness and in particular a construction that is as compact as possible. has, is easy to manufacture and can be used in formwork construction with other parts, such as cross beams, using simple connecting means.
  • the timber truss has a resolved cross section, which comprises at least three layers.
  • the filler rods in the invention are not brought together to form a node, but are at a predetermined distance from one another.
  • the outer layers in the tear-open plane consist of belts, which are preferably divided into two, and vertical posts, which are divided into four and have a relatively large eccentricity to the imaginary junction.
  • the middle layer is formed only by a diagonal bar, which is arranged off-center both to the intersection of the bar axis belt posts and to the imaginary node. The diagonal bars do not touch each other, but leave a space free.
  • the longer sides of the rectangular cross section of the upper and lower chord run parallel to the beam height, there is a sufficiently large contact surface between the diagonal bar and the upper and lower chord, so that the required glue surface is achieved. This avoids weakening of the belt, which is unavoidable if the daigon rods have to be mortised and glued to the upper and lower belts.
  • a diagonal bar with a relatively large eccentricity to the imaginary node is provided in each compartment in the timber truss according to the invention, so that offset moments occur.
  • These misalignment moments are accepted in the invention because they achieve a number of advantages.
  • the glue area of the diagonal bar is thereby increased, which simplifies production and does not weaken the cross-section of the belts by eliminating the indentations.
  • the glued wooden truss according to the invention is such that you can almost at any point of the Upper and lower chords can attach fasteners without having to drill. Boreholes weaken the belt. This advantage is particularly noticeable when a formwork skin is to be attached, several girders are to be assembled, supports are to be attached and suspension scaffold structures to be attached when a formwork is being created.
  • a large panel formwork is formed using the timber truss according to the invention in that a connection to cross beams can be established by the grey spaces formed by the post expansion using, for example, squared timbers. From this it can be seen that Stable large panel formwork can be assembled with the wooden truss girder according to the invention, which have a low overall height. This not only improves the stability of the large panel formwork, but also saves space on the work platform of a wall formwork.
  • the timber truss has upper and lower chords 1 and 2 with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the resolved cross-section of the wooden truss shown in FIG. 2 has three layers.
  • the outer layers consist of belts 1 and 2 and vertical posts 3.
  • the middle layer comprises only diagonal bars 4 arranged up and down between the belts 1 and 2.
  • Each compartment r repeated in the longitudinal direction of the wooden truss has only one diagonal bar 4.
  • the adjacent vertical bars Posts 3 of two successive compartments r are at a distance a from one another, so that a square free space 5 is formed between the belts 1 and 2 by the expansion of the posts 3.
  • All vertical posts 3 of the wooden truss are arranged in parallel and glued into the straps 1 and 2 galvanized.
  • connections for the vertical posts 3 on the straps 1 and 2 possible for example using dowels.
  • the alternately rising and falling diagonal bars 4 do not meet at their ends, but are glued between the straps 1 and 2 in such a way that a free space 6 is formed in that the ends of the diagonal bars 4 have a distance d from one another.
  • a free space 6 is formed in that the ends of the diagonal bars 4 have a distance d from one another.
  • the length of the wooden truss is an integral multiple of the compartment r. Therefore, the timber truss can be cut into beams of shorter length if necessary.
  • the upper and lower straps 1 and 2 are designed in two parts (see Fig. 2) and each part has a rectangular cross section. This rectangular cross-section is arranged in the timber frame girder in such a way that the longer cross-sectional side h in FIG. 2 runs parallel to the girder height. As a result, the straps 1 and 2 have sufficient flexural rigidity.
  • the timber truss is designed such that the straps 1 and 2 protrude at its ends, by half of the Distance a between adjacent posts 3 of two consecutive compartments r. These protrusions facilitate the formation of a beam joint.
  • fastening means 13, 14 can be attached to almost any point on the upper and lower chord, which are used to connect a formwork, to fasten formwork supports, for struts, hanging frames or the like are determined. These fasteners 13, 14 can be easily carried out and attached by spreading the layers of the straps 1 and 2.
  • the cross sections of the straps 1, 2 are rectangular, i.e. that the ratio of the cross-sectional sides h to b is greater than 1.
  • the diagonal bars 4 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 have the same width b as the straps 1 and 2 and the posts 3. If the resolved cross section of the timber truss comprises more than three layers, the diagonal bars 4 are expediently wider than the straps 1 and 2. If, for example, crosswise arranged diagonal bars are provided, which is not shown in the drawing, a smaller width for the diagonal bars is also possible.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 The formation of a beam joint will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • two accessories 7 are arranged parallel to the top chords 1.
  • a circuit 10 can be attached without gradations.
  • the wooden truss can therefore be extended in a very simple manner without the need for expensive bandages or special connecting means which have to be used in an otherwise common lap joint.
  • FIG. 5 for example, a large panel formwork element is shown which has a plurality of wooden truss girders as primary elements in accordance with the design according to FIG. 1.
  • the same or similar parts as in Figures 3 and 4 are given the same reference numerals in Figure 5.
  • parallel squared timbers 7 and cross-distributing cross members 8 are shown.
  • the cross girders 8 extend through the free spaces 5 (see FIG. 1) of the timber truss girder and in this way a stable flat girder with a reinforced top chord is formed for large-area formwork.
  • the large-area formwork formed in this way has a low weight and a low static usable height because the loads are introduced into the top chords 1 via the underlinings 11. Regardless of the use of large area formwork as vertical wall formwork such a compact construction with such a small height brings surprising advantages with large panel formwork.
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of one end of a wooden truss girder from FIG. 1. From this it can be seen that the upper and lower chords 1 and 2 and 1/2 a project beyond the last vertical post 3. Also shown in FIG. 6 in broken line is a round rod 12 which goes through the belt 1 and is glued into the post 3 and via which the support forces are introduced into the post 3. Since the pressures that can be absorbed by the belts 1, 2 across the fiber are only slight, round rods are expediently glued in, so that the bearing surface is kept small. High support forces can also be absorbed by gluing a pane of plywood, chipboard and / or metal plates in the support area of the wooden truss girder instead of the diagonal bar 4. Of course, combinations of glued-in round bars 12 and designs of the diagonal bar 4 in the support area as a disk are also possible, wherein the vertical posts 3 can also be provided twice in this support area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

1. Glued wooden truss, in particular for the construction of formwork, having parallel booms (1, 2), vertical posts (3) and diagonal web members (4), of rectangular cross-section, and comprising several boxes (r) in the longitudinal direction, that is to say there is a distance between the truss modes, the booms in the truss end boxes having projecting ends, and sections, which are each bounded by vertical posts and are free of diagonal web members, being provided at certain points in the longitudinal direction of the trusses, characterized in that the exploded cross-section of the wooden truss comprises at least three layers, the two outer layers consisting of booms (1, 2), and vertical posts (3) of an exploded cross-section with a windening (a), that is to say there are two consecutive boxes (r) at a distance between adjacent vertical posts (3), the truss nodes each having to be placed, in an imaginary view in the longitudinal direction of the r trusses, in the middle of the widening (a) in the upper or lower boom (1, 2), that, moreover, in all boxes (5) with the possible exception of the end boxes, the central layer between vertical posts (3) is formed only by diagonal web members (4) which, in the region of the booms (1, 2), are glued in with their surfaces between the boom parts and have a mutual distance (d) which is smaller than the widening (a), that the longer cross-sectional sides (h) of the rectangular cross-section of the booms (1, 2) are parallel to the truss height, that each box (r), with the possible exception of the one boxes, comprises only one diagonal web member (4), as viewed in the longitudinal direction, and that the boxes (r) are all made with the same length.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen geleimten Holzfachwerkträger, der insbesondere für den Schalungsbau bestimmt ist.The invention relates to a glued timber truss, which is particularly intended for formwork.

Aus der DE-OS 20 06 886 ist ein Träger für Bauzwecke bekannt, dessen Aufbau im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 umrissen ist. Dieser Träger hat einen einteiligen Obergurt und einen dazu parallelen ebenfalls einteiligen Untergurt.From DE-OS 20 06 886 a carrier for construction is known, the structure of which is outlined in the preamble of claim 1. This carrier has a one-piece upper flange and a parallel one-piece lower flange.

Der Ober- und Untergurt sind miteinander über Diagonalstäbe und senkrechte Pfosten verbunden, die in mehreren parallel nebeneinanderliegenden Ebenen in den Ober- und Untergurt mit Rechteckquerschnitt eingelassen und durch Verleimen verbunden sind. Die kürzeren Seiten des Rechteckquerschnitts von dem Ober- und Untergurt verlaufen hierbei parallel zur Trägerhöhe. Die Diagonalstäbe und die senkrechten Pfosten laufen an ihren Enden zu Knotenpunkten im Ober- und Untergurt zusammen. Der Abstand zwischen Knotenpunkten bildet ein Gefach. Die Gefache sind unregelmäßig und umfassen dreieckige . und rechteckige Gefache. Im besonderen bereitet die Aussteifung mehrerer paralleler Träger mit Hilfe von Querträgern Schwierigkeiten. Entweder ist eine große Konstruktionshöhe erforderlich oder man muß sich mit kleinen Querträgerhöhen begnügen. Schalungsträger grösserer Konstruktionshöhe machen bei der Verwendung als Wandschalung breite Gerüstbühnen erforderlich. Wenn Schalungsanker angebracht werden, müssen die Träger zum Durchführen des Ankers in der ganzen Höhe durchbohrt werden, weil die Ankerplatte für den Schalungsanker nur auf der Untergurtseite angeordnet werden kann. Alle diese zusätzlichen Arbeiten sind zeitraubend und umständlich.The upper and lower chords are connected to each other via diagonal bars and vertical posts, which are embedded in several parallel layers in the upper and lower chords with a rectangular cross-section and are connected by gluing. The shorter sides of the rectangular cross section from the upper and lower chord run parallel to the beam height. The diagonal bars and the vertical posts converge at their ends to form nodes in the upper and lower chord. The distance between nodes forms a compartment. The compartments are irregular and include triangular ones. and rectangular compartments. In particular, the bracing of several parallel beams with the help of cross beams is difficult. Either a large construction height is required or you have to be satisfied with small cross member heights. Formwork girders of greater construction height require wide scaffolding platforms when used as wall formwork. If formwork anchors are attached, the girders must be drilled through the entire height to pass through the anchor, because the anchor plate for the formwork anchor can only be arranged on the lower chord side. All of this additional work is time consuming and cumbersome.

In der DE-OS 28 21 907 ist eine Holzträgerkonstruktion beschreiben, bei der der Ober- und Untergurt zweiteilig ist, so daß die Holzträgerkonstruktion einen aufgelösten Querschnitt mit drei Lagen hat, wobei die beiden äußeren Lagen nur aus Gurten bestehen und die mittlere Lage von Diagonalstäben gebildet wird, deren Enden unter Bildung eines Knotens aneinanderstoßend mit den beiden Teilen des Obergurts und Untergurts verleimt sind. Hierbei ist die längere Querschnittsseite des Ober- und Untergurts mit Rechteckquerschnitt parallel zur Trägerhöhe ausgerichtet.DE-OS 28 21 907 describes a wooden girder construction in which the upper and lower chord is in two parts, so that the wooden girder construction has a resolved cross section with three layers, the two outer layers consisting only of belts and the middle layer of diagonal bars is formed, the ends of which are glued together to form a knot with the two parts of the upper and lower chord. The longer cross-sectional side of the upper and lower flange with a rectangular cross-section is aligned parallel to the beam height.

Die Regel ist bei Trägerfabhwerkkonstruktionen, die Stäbe in den Knoten ohne Ausmittigkeit zu stoßen. Auf diese Weise werden Zusatzbeanspruchungen in den Stäben vermieden. Wenn in einem Fachwerk die Stäbe im Knoten ausmittig angestoßen werden, treten Versatzmomente auf, die eine Zusatzbeanspruchung zur Folge haben. Daher ist das Ziel, um wirtschaftlich zu konstruieren, die Ausmittigkeit - wenn schon nicht vermeidbar - doch so klein wie irgend möglich zu halten.With girder structures, the rule is to push the bars into the knots without eccentricity. In this way, additional stresses in the bars are avoided. If the bars in the truss are knocked off center, misalignment moments occur, which result in additional stress. Therefore, in order to construct economically, the goal is to keep eccentricity as small as possible, if not avoidable.

Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, einen geleimten Holzfachwerkträger zu schaffen, der unter überwindung der Schwierigkeiten und Nachteile beim Stand der Technik eine gleichmäßige und ausreichende Biegesteifigkeit besitzt und insbesondere eine möglichst gedrängte Bau-. weise hat, leicht herzustellen ist und beim Schalungsbau mit anderen Teilen, wie Querträgern, unter Verwendung einfacher Verbindungsmittel anwendbar ist.The invention aims to provide a glued timber truss which, while overcoming the difficulties and disadvantages of the prior art, has a uniform and sufficient bending stiffness and in particular a construction that is as compact as possible. has, is easy to manufacture and can be used in formwork construction with other parts, such as cross beams, using simple connecting means.

Nach der Erfindung wird den Nachteilen und Schwierigkeiten beim Stand der Technik durch die Merkmale abgeholfen, die in den Ansprüchen angegeben sind. Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen sind hierbei in den rückbezogenen Ansprüchen wiedergegeben.According to the invention, the disadvantages and difficulties in the prior art are remedied by the features specified in the claims. Appropriate further developments are given in the related claims.

Nach der Erfindung hat der Holzfachwerkträger einen auf- , gelösten Querschnitt, der wenigstens drei Lagen umfaßt. Entgegen dem sonst üblichen Prinzip bei Fachwerkkonstruktionen sind die Füllstäbe bei der Erfindung nicht zu einem Knoten zusammengeführt, sondern haben einen vorbestimmten Abstand zueinander. Die in der Aufrißebene äußeren Lagen bestehen aus Gurten, die vorzugsweise zweigeteilt sind, und senkrechten Pfosten, die viergeteilt sind und zum gedachten Knotenpunkt eine relativ große Ausmittigkeit besitzen. Die mittlere Lage hingegen wird nur von einem Diagonalstab gebildet, der sowohl zum Schnittpunkt der Stabachsen-Gurtpfosten als auch zum gedachten Knotenpunkt ausmittig angeordnet ist. Die Diagonalstäbe berühren sich gegenseitig nicht, sondern lassen einen Abstand frei. In der Berührungsfläche mit den beiden Teilen der Gurte sind sie flächig verleimt. Da bei der Erfindung die längeren Seiten des Rechteckquerschnitts des Ober- und Untergurts parallel zur Trägerhöhe verlaufen, ist eine ausreichend große Berührungsfläche von Diagonalstab und Ober- und Untergurt vorhanden, so daß die erforderliche Leimfläche erzielt wird. Hierdurch werden Gurtschwächungen vermieden, die unvermeidbar sind, wenn die Daigonalstäbe mit den Ober- und Untergurten verzapft und verleimt werden müssen.According to the invention, the timber truss has a resolved cross section, which comprises at least three layers. Contrary to the otherwise usual principle in truss constructions, the filler rods in the invention are not brought together to form a node, but are at a predetermined distance from one another. The outer layers in the tear-open plane consist of belts, which are preferably divided into two, and vertical posts, which are divided into four and have a relatively large eccentricity to the imaginary junction. The middle layer, on the other hand, is formed only by a diagonal bar, which is arranged off-center both to the intersection of the bar axis belt posts and to the imaginary node. The diagonal bars do not touch each other, but leave a space free. In the contact area with the two parts of the straps, they are glued flat. There in the invention, the longer sides of the rectangular cross section of the upper and lower chord run parallel to the beam height, there is a sufficiently large contact surface between the diagonal bar and the upper and lower chord, so that the required glue surface is achieved. This avoids weakening of the belt, which is unavoidable if the daigon rods have to be mortised and glued to the upper and lower belts.

Zur Verbesserung der Biegesteifigkeit ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Holzfachwerkträger in jedem Gefach ein Diagonalstab mit relativ großer Ausmittigkeit zum gedachten Knotenpunkt vorgesehen, so daß Versatzmomente auftreten. Diese Versatzmomente werden bei der Erfindung in Kauf genommen, weil hierdurch eine Reihe von Vorteilen erzielt wird. Dadurch, daß die Gurte rechteckige Querschnitte haben, wobei die längere Querschnittsseite parallel zur Trägerhöhe verläuft, werden die aus dem Versatz entstehenden Zusatzmomente aufgenommen. Es wird dadurch die Leimfläche des Diagonalstabes vergrößert, wodurch eine Herstellungsvereinfachung und keine Querschnittsschwächung der Gurte durch Fortfall der Einzinkungen erzielt wird.In order to improve the bending stiffness, a diagonal bar with a relatively large eccentricity to the imaginary node is provided in each compartment in the timber truss according to the invention, so that offset moments occur. These misalignment moments are accepted in the invention because they achieve a number of advantages. The fact that the straps have rectangular cross-sections, the longer cross-sectional side running parallel to the beam height, absorbs the additional moments resulting from the offset. The glue area of the diagonal bar is thereby increased, which simplifies production and does not weaken the cross-section of the belts by eliminating the indentations.

Der geleimte Holzfachwerkträger nach der Erfindung ist derart beschaffen, daß man beinahe an jeder Stelle des Ober- und Untergurts Befestigungsmittel anbringen kann, ohne daß gebohrt werden muß. Bohrungen bedeuten eine Schwächung des Gurts. Dieser Vorteil ist insbesondere augenfällig, wenn bei der Erstellung einer Schalung eine Schalhaut befestigt, mehrere Träger zusammengesetzt, Abstützungen angebracht und Einhängegerüstkonstruktionen befestigt werden sollen.The glued wooden truss according to the invention is such that you can almost at any point of the Upper and lower chords can attach fasteners without having to drill. Boreholes weaken the belt. This advantage is particularly noticeable when a formwork skin is to be attached, several girders are to be assembled, supports are to be attached and suspension scaffold structures to be attached when a formwork is being created.

Wie an sich bekannt, sind Holzkonstruktionsteile quer zur Faser nur wenig belastbar. In den Ansprüchen 4 und 5 sind bevorzugte Auslegungen von Verbindungen des Diagonalstabs und des Pfostens mit den Gurten angegeben. Hierdurch wird die Tragfähigkeit des Holzfachwerkträgers verbessert. Diese dort angegebenen Auslegungen der Verbindungen ermöglichen eine stärkere Belastbarkeit des Holzfachwerkträgers im Bereich der senkrechten Stützen und im Bereich der Enden des Holzfachwerkträgers, da die höhere Beanspruchung des Stirnholzes bei der Auslegung des Diagonalsthbs als Scheibe genutzt werden kann.As is known per se, wooden construction parts across the grain are not very resilient. In claims 4 and 5, preferred designs of connections of the diagonal bar and the post with the straps are given. This improves the load-bearing capacity of the wooden truss. These designs of the connections given there enable the timber framework girders to be more resilient in the area of the vertical supports and in the area of the ends of the timber framework girders, since the higher stress on the end grain can be used as a disc when designing the diagonal style.

Nach den Ansprüchen 6 bis 8 wird eine Großtafelschalung unter Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Holzfachwerkträgers dadurch gebildet, daß man durch die von der Pfostenspreizung gebildeten Greiräume unter Verwendung von beispielsweise Kanthölzern eine Verbindung zu Querträgern herstellen kann. Hieraus ist ersichtlich, daß mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Holzfachwerkträger stabile Großtafelschalungen zusammengesetzt werden können, die eine geringe Bauhöhe haben. Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Stabilität der Großtafelschalung verbessert, sondern auch auf der Arbeitsbühne einer Wandschalung wird Platz gewonnen.According to claims 6 to 8, a large panel formwork is formed using the timber truss according to the invention in that a connection to cross beams can be established by the grey spaces formed by the post expansion using, for example, squared timbers. From this it can be seen that Stable large panel formwork can be assembled with the wooden truss girder according to the invention, which have a low overall height. This not only improves the stability of the large panel formwork, but also saves space on the work platform of a wall formwork.

Zusammengefaßt werden nach der Erfindung im wesentlichen folgende Vorteile erzielt:

  • - hohe Tragfähigkeit (durch bessere Aufnahme der Querkräfte),
  • - hohe Steifigkeit, insbesondere Biegesteifigkeit (hiermit ist eine geringere Durchbiegung und Belastung verbunden),
  • - kostengünstige Herstellung infolge von dünnen Holzquerschnitten,
  • - die Auflagerung kann im Obergurt erfolgen,
  • - Bearbeitungen wie Bohren zum Durchführen von Schalungsankern entfallen, da durch die Pfostenspreizung Freiräume vorhanden sind,
  • - Querträger können ohne Schwierigkeiten eingesetzt werden, da aufeinanderfolgende Gefahce einen gemeinsamen durchgehenden, vorzugsweise quadratischen Freiraum haben,
  • - Großtafelschalungen können mit kleiner Bauhöhe ausgeführt werden,
  • - durch die Gurtüberstände an den Enden des Fachwerkträgers lassen sich Trägerstöße leicht verwirklichen,
  • - einfache Verbindung von Schalhaut mit dem Gurt des Holzfachwerkträgers, und
  • - erleichterte Anbringung von Befestigungsmitteln an den Gurten durch die aufgelösten Querschnitte.
In summary, the following advantages are essentially achieved according to the invention:
  • - high load-bearing capacity (through better absorption of the transverse forces),
  • - high rigidity, in particular flexural rigidity (this is associated with less deflection and load),
  • - inexpensive production due to thin wooden cross-sections,
  • - The support can take place in the top chord,
  • - Processing such as drilling for the implementation of formwork anchors is not necessary, since there is free space due to the post expansion,
  • Cross members can be used without difficulty, since successive areas have a common continuous, preferably square, free space,
  • - Large panel formwork can be carried out with a small overall height,
  • - Due to the belt protrusions at the ends of the truss girder joints can be easily realized,
  • - Easy connection of formwork skin with the belt of the timber frame girder, and
  • - Easier attachment of fasteners to the belts through the resolved cross-sections.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an Beispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

  • Figur 1 eine Seitenansicht eines geleimten Holzfachwerkträgers,
  • Figur 2 eine Schnittansicht längs der stufenförmig verlaufenden Schnittlinie II-II in Figur 1,
  • Figur 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine Trägerstirnseite mit einem Trägerstoß,
  • Figur 4 eine Seitenansicht einer Verbindung von Querträger und Trägerenden,
  • Figur 5 eine Querschnittsansicht eines Großtafelschalungselements mit mehreren geleimten Holzfachwerkträgern nach den Fig. 1 und 2 und Querträgern und
  • Figur 6 eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht eines Endes eines geleimten Holzfachwerkträgers von Fig. 1 in einer bevorzugten Ausbildungsform einer Verbindung eines am Ende angeordneten senkrechten Pfostens zwischen den Gurten.
The invention is explained below using examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a glued timber truss,
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view along the step-shaped section line II-II in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a carrier end face with a carrier joint,
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of a connection between cross member and carrier ends,
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a large panel formwork element with several glued timber truss girders according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and cross beams and
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of one end of a glued timber truss girder from FIG. 1 in a preferred embodiment of a connection of a vertical post arranged at the end between the belts.

Wie aus den Figuren 1 und 2 zu ersehen ist, weist der Holzfachwerkträger Ober- und Untergurte 1 und 2 mit Rechteckquerschnitt auf. Der in Figur 2 gezeigte aufgelöste Querschnitt des Holzfachwerkträgers hat drei Lagen. Die äußeren Lagen bestehen aus Gurten 1 und 2 und senkrechten Pfosten 3. Die mittlere Lage umfaßt nur steigend und fallend zwischen den Gurten 1 und 2 angeordnete Diagonalstäbe 4. Jedes in Längsrichtung des Holzfachwerkträgers sich wiederholendes Gefach r hat nur einen Diagonalstab 4. Die benachbarten senkrechten Pfosten 3 von jeweils zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Gefachen r haben zueinander einen Abstand a, so daß sich zwischen den Gurten 1 und 2 durch die Spreizung der Pfosten 3 ein quadratischer Freiraum 5 bildet. Alle senkrechten Pfosten 3 des Holzfachwerkträgers sind parallel angeordnet und in die Gurte 1 und 2 verzinkt eingeleimt. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere AuslegungsformenAs can be seen from Figures 1 and 2, the timber truss has upper and lower chords 1 and 2 with a rectangular cross-section. The resolved cross-section of the wooden truss shown in FIG. 2 has three layers. The outer layers consist of belts 1 and 2 and vertical posts 3. The middle layer comprises only diagonal bars 4 arranged up and down between the belts 1 and 2. Each compartment r repeated in the longitudinal direction of the wooden truss has only one diagonal bar 4. The adjacent vertical bars Posts 3 of two successive compartments r are at a distance a from one another, so that a square free space 5 is formed between the belts 1 and 2 by the expansion of the posts 3. All vertical posts 3 of the wooden truss are arranged in parallel and glued into the straps 1 and 2 galvanized. Of course, other forms of interpretation are also

von Verbindungen für die senkrechten Pfosten 3 an den Gurten 1 und 2 beispielsweise unter Verwendung von Dübeln möglich.connections for the vertical posts 3 on the straps 1 and 2 possible for example using dowels.

Die wechselweise steigend und fallend angeordneten Diagonalstäbe 4 treffen an ihren Enden nicht aufeinander, sondern sind zwischen die Gurte 1 und 2 derart eingeleimt, daß sich ein Freiraum 6 dadurch bildet, daß die Enden der Diagonalstäbe 4 einen Abstand d zueinander haben. In jedem Gefach r des Holzfachwerkträgers sind daher Freiräume 5 und 6 vorhanden. Die Länge des Holzfachwerkträgers beläuft sich auf ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches des Gefaches r. Daher läßt sich der Holzfachwerkträger erforderlichenfalls zu Trägern kleinerer Länge zuschneiden.The alternately rising and falling diagonal bars 4 do not meet at their ends, but are glued between the straps 1 and 2 in such a way that a free space 6 is formed in that the ends of the diagonal bars 4 have a distance d from one another. In each compartment r of the timber truss, there are free spaces 5 and 6. The length of the wooden truss is an integral multiple of the compartment r. Therefore, the timber truss can be cut into beams of shorter length if necessary.

Die Ober- und Untergurte 1 und 2 sind zweiteilig ausgelegt (siehe Fig. 2) und jeder Teil hat einen Rechteckquerschnitt. Im Holzfachwerkträger ist dieser Rechteckquerschnitt derart angeordnet, daß die längere Querschnittsseite h in Fig. 2 parallel zur Trägerhöhe verläuft. Hierdurch besitzen die Gurte 1 und 2 eine ausreichende Biegesteifigkeit.The upper and lower straps 1 and 2 are designed in two parts (see Fig. 2) and each part has a rectangular cross section. This rectangular cross-section is arranged in the timber frame girder in such a way that the longer cross-sectional side h in FIG. 2 runs parallel to the girder height. As a result, the straps 1 and 2 have sufficient flexural rigidity.

Wie aus Fig. 1 weiter noch zu ersehen ist, ist der Holzfachwerkträger derart'ausgelegt, daß die Gurte 1 und 2 an seinen Enden überstehen, und zwar um die Hälfte des Abstandes a zwischen benachbarten Pfosten 3 zweier aufeinanderfolgender Gefache r. Diese Überstände erleichtern die Ausbildung eines Trägerstosses.As can also be seen from Fig. 1, the timber truss is designed such that the straps 1 and 2 protrude at its ends, by half of the Distance a between adjacent posts 3 of two consecutive compartments r. These protrusions facilitate the formation of a beam joint.

Da der Holzfachwerkträger im aufgelösten Querschnitt zweckmäßigerweise wenigstens dreilagig entsprechend Fig. 2 ausgelegt ist, lassen sich an nahezu jeder beliebigen Stelle des Ober- und Untergurts 1 Befestigungsmittel 13, 14 anbringen, die zum Anschließen einer Schalung, zur Befestigung von Schalungsstützen, für Abstrebungen, Hängerahmen o.dgl. bestimmt sind. Diese Befestigungsmittel 13, 14 lassen sich durch die Spreizung der Lagen der Gurte 1 und 2 einfach durchführen und anbringen.Since the wooden truss girder is expediently designed at least in three layers in accordance with FIG. 2, fastening means 13, 14 can be attached to almost any point on the upper and lower chord, which are used to connect a formwork, to fasten formwork supports, for struts, hanging frames or the like are determined. These fasteners 13, 14 can be easily carried out and attached by spreading the layers of the straps 1 and 2.

Aus Fig. 2 läßt sich entnehmen, daß die Querschnitte der Gurte 1, 2 rechteckig sind, d.h. daß das Verhältnis der Querschnittsseiten h zu b größer 1 ist. Die Diagonalstäbe 4 haben bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 eine gleiche Breite b wie die Gurte 1 und 2 und die Pfosten 3. Wenn der aufgelöste Querschnitt des Holzfachwerkträgers mehr als drei Lagen umfaßt, sind die Diagonalstäbe 4 zweckmäßigerweise breiter als die Gurte 1 und 2. Wenn beispielsweise kreuzweise angeordnete Diagonalstäbe vorgesehen sind, was in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt ist, ist auch eine kleinere Breite für die Diagonalstäbe möglich.From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the cross sections of the straps 1, 2 are rectangular, i.e. that the ratio of the cross-sectional sides h to b is greater than 1. The diagonal bars 4 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 have the same width b as the straps 1 and 2 and the posts 3. If the resolved cross section of the timber truss comprises more than three layers, the diagonal bars 4 are expediently wider than the straps 1 and 2. If, for example, crosswise arranged diagonal bars are provided, which is not shown in the drawing, a smaller width for the diagonal bars is also possible.

Anhand den Figuren 3 und 4 soll die Ausbildung eines Trägerstoßes erläutert werden. Hierzu werden zwei Beihölzer 7 parallel zu den Obergurten 1 angeordnet. In Verbindung mit einem Querträger 8 und unter Verwendung von Keilen 9 läßt sich eine Schaltung 10 ohne Abstufungen anbringen. Der Holzfachwerkträger ist daher auf sehr einfache Weise verlängerbar, ohne daß man aufwendige Bandagen oder besondere Verbindungsmittel benötigt, die bei einem sonst üblichen Uberlappungsstoß verwendet werden müssen.The formation of a beam joint will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. For this purpose, two accessories 7 are arranged parallel to the top chords 1. In connection with a cross member 8 and using wedges 9, a circuit 10 can be attached without gradations. The wooden truss can therefore be extended in a very simple manner without the need for expensive bandages or special connecting means which have to be used in an otherwise common lap joint.

In Figur 5 ist beispielsweise ein Großtafelschalungselement gezeigt, das als Primärelemente mehrere Holzfachwerkträger entsprechend der Auslegung nach Figur 1 aufweist. Gleiche oder ähnliche Teile wie bei den Figuren 3 und 4 sind in Figur 5 mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. So sind beispielsweise parallele Kanthölzer 7 und querverteilende Querträger 8 gezeigt. Die Querträger 8 erstrecken sich durch die Freiräume 5 (s. Figur 1) des Holzfachwerkträgers und auf diese Weise wird ein stabiler flächiger Träger mit verstärktem Obergurt für eine Großflächenschalung gebildet. Die so gebildete Großflächenschalung hat ein geringes Gewicht und eine geringe statische Nutzhöhe, weil über Unterfutterungen 11 die Belastungen in die Obergurte 1 eingeleitet werden. Unabhängig von der Verwendungsweise einer Großflächenschalung als vertikale Wandschalung oder horizontale Deckenschalung bringt eine so gedrungene Bauweise mit einer so kleinen Bauhöhe überraschende Vorteile bei einer Großtafelschalung.In FIG. 5, for example, a large panel formwork element is shown which has a plurality of wooden truss girders as primary elements in accordance with the design according to FIG. 1. The same or similar parts as in Figures 3 and 4 are given the same reference numerals in Figure 5. For example, parallel squared timbers 7 and cross-distributing cross members 8 are shown. The cross girders 8 extend through the free spaces 5 (see FIG. 1) of the timber truss girder and in this way a stable flat girder with a reinforced top chord is formed for large-area formwork. The large-area formwork formed in this way has a low weight and a low static usable height because the loads are introduced into the top chords 1 via the underlinings 11. Regardless of the use of large area formwork as vertical wall formwork such a compact construction with such a small height brings surprising advantages with large panel formwork.

In Figur 6 schließlich ist eine Ende eines Holzfachwerkträgers von Figur 1 vergrößert dargestellt. Hieraus läßt sich entnehmen, daß die Ober- und Untergurte 1 und 2 und 1/2 a über den letzten senkrechten Pfosten 3 überstehen. Auch ist in Figur 6 in gebrochener Linie ein durch den Gurt 1 gehender und in den Pfosten 3 eingeleimter Rundstab 12 gezeigt, über den die Auflagerkräfte in den Pfosten 3 eingeleitet werden. Da die von den Gurten 1, 2 aufnehmbaren Pressungen quer zur Faser nur gering sind, sind zweckmäßigerweise Rundstäbe eingeleimt, so daß die Auflagerfläche klein gehalten wird. Hohe Auflagerkräfte lassen sich auch dadurch aufnehmen, daß anstelle des Diagonalstabes 4 im Auflagerbereich des Holzfachwerkträgers eine Scheibe aus Sperrholz-, Span- und/oder Metallplatten eingeleimt wird. Selbstverständlich sind auch Kombinationen von eingeleimten Rundstäben 12 und Ausbildungen des Diagonalstabes 4 im Auflagerbereich als Scheibe möglich, wobei auch die senkrechten Pfosten 3 in diesem Auflagerbereich doppelt vorgesehen sein können.Finally, FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of one end of a wooden truss girder from FIG. 1. From this it can be seen that the upper and lower chords 1 and 2 and 1/2 a project beyond the last vertical post 3. Also shown in FIG. 6 in broken line is a round rod 12 which goes through the belt 1 and is glued into the post 3 and via which the support forces are introduced into the post 3. Since the pressures that can be absorbed by the belts 1, 2 across the fiber are only slight, round rods are expediently glued in, so that the bearing surface is kept small. High support forces can also be absorbed by gluing a pane of plywood, chipboard and / or metal plates in the support area of the wooden truss girder instead of the diagonal bar 4. Of course, combinations of glued-in round bars 12 and designs of the diagonal bar 4 in the support area as a disk are also possible, wherein the vertical posts 3 can also be provided twice in this support area.

Claims (9)

1. Geleimter Holzfachwerkträger, insbesondere für den Schalungsbau, mit parallelen Gurten (1, 2), senkrechten Pfosten (3) und Diagonalstäben (4), rechteckigen Querschnitts, der in Längsrichtung mehrere Gefache (r), d.h. Abstand zwischen den Fachwerksknoten umfaßt, und die Gurte in den Trägerendgefachen einen Überstand besitzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der aufgelöste Querschnitt des Holzfachwerkträgers wenigstens drei Lagen umfaßt, wobei die beiden äußeren Lagen aus Gurten (1, 2) und den senkrechten Pfosten (3) von stens die Diagonalstäbe (4) der Endgefache (r) als Scheibe ausgebildet sind, die einen mehrschichtigen Aufbau, bestehend aus Sperrholz-, Span- und/ oder Metallplatten hat.1. glued wooden truss, in particular for formwork construction, with parallel straps (1, 2), vertical posts (3) and diagonal bars (4), rectangular cross-section, which comprises several compartments (r) in the longitudinal direction, ie the distance between the truss nodes, and the straps have an overhang in the carrier end compartments, characterized in that the resolved cross-section of the wooden truss comprises at least three layers, the two outer layers consisting of straps (1, 2) and the vertical posts (3) from least the diagonal bars (4) of the end compartments (r) are designed as a disc which has a multilayer structure consisting of plywood, chipboard and / or metal plates. 5. Holzfachwerkträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pfosten (3) mit den Gurten (1, 2) mittels eingezinkter Verleimung und/oder mittels eingeleimter Rundstäbe (12) aus Hartholz, Rundstahl oder dergl. verbunden sind, die durch den Gurt (1, 2) gehen und oberflächenbündig in das Stirnholz der Pfosten (3) ragen oder daß die Pfosten (3) mit den Gurten (1, 2) durch eingeleimte selbstschneidende zylindrische Schrauben verbunden sind.5. Timber framework support according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the posts (3) with the belts (1, 2) by means of glued-in gluing and / or by means of glued-in round rods (12) made of hardwood, round steel or the like. that go through the belt (1, 2) and protrude flush into the front of the posts (3) or that the posts (3) are connected to the belts (1, 2) by glued-in self-tapping cylindrical screws. 6. Holzfachwerkträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Fachwerkträger parallel angeordnet sind und der Obergurt mit einer Platte verstärkt wird, und Querträger (8) durch die von der Spreizung (a) gebildeten Freiräume (5) im jeweiligen Fachwerkträger gehen. aufgelöstem Querschnitt mit einer Spreizung (a) bestehen und die mittlere Lage nur von den Diagonalstäben (4) gebildet wird, die im Bereich der Gurte (1, 2) einen Abstand (d) zueinander haben, daß die längeren Querschnittsseiten (h) des Rechteckquerschnitts der Gurte (1, 2) parallel zur Trägerhöhe verlaufen, daß jedes Gefach (r) nur einen Diagonalstab (4) umfaßt und daß wenigstens die Gefache (r) außer den Endgefachen regelmäßig ausgebildet sind.6. Timber truss according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of trusses are arranged in parallel and the upper chord is reinforced with a plate, and cross member (8) by the expansion (a) formed spaces (5) in the respective truss go. resolved cross-section with a spread (a) and the middle layer is formed only by the diagonal bars (4), which have a distance (d) to each other in the area of the straps (1, 2), that the longer cross-sectional sides (h) of the rectangular cross-section the belts (1, 2) run parallel to the height of the girder, that each compartment (r) comprises only one diagonal bar (4) and that at least the compartments (r) apart from the end compartments are of regular design. 2. Holzfachwerkträger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der aufgelöste Querschnitt des Holzfachwerkträgers fünf Lagen umfaßt, wobei drei Lagen aus Gurten und den senkrechten Pfosten bestehen, zwischen denen jeweils eine Lage angeordnet ist, die nur von Diagonalstäben (4) gebildet wird.2. Timber truss according to claim 1, characterized in that the resolved cross section of the timber truss comprises five layers, three layers of belts and the vertical posts, between each of which a layer is arranged, which is formed only by diagonal bars (4). 3. Holzfachwerkträger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gurte (1, 2), die Pfosten (3) und die Diagonalstäbe (4) gleiche Querschnitte haben.3. Timber truss according to claim 1, characterized in that the belts (1, 2), the posts (3) and the diagonal bars (4) have the same cross-sections. 4. Holzfachwerkträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenig-4. Timber truss according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that little 7. Holzfachwerkträger nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß anstelle jedes zweiten und dritten parallel angeordneten Fachwerkträgers ein auf den Querträgern (8) aufliegendes Kantholz (7) vorgesehen ist.7. Timber truss according to claim 6, characterized in that instead of every second and third truss girder arranged in parallel, a squared timber (7) resting on the cross girders (8) is provided. 8. Holzfachwerkträger nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querträger (8) eine kleine Bauhöhe hat.8. Timber framework according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the cross member (8) has a small overall height. 9. Holzfachwerkträger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gurte (1, 2) frei von Ausfütterungen in der mittleren Lage des aufgelösten Querschnitts sind und eine unbehinderte Verankerung von Befestigungsmitteln (13, 14) gestattet ist.9. Timber framework according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the straps (1, 2) are free of linings in the middle position of the resolved cross-section and an unimpeded anchoring of fasteners (13, 14) is permitted.
EP81101224A 1980-02-21 1981-02-20 Glued truss and formwork constructed therefrom Expired EP0034820B1 (en)

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DE19803006404 DE3006404A1 (en) 1980-02-21 1980-02-21 GLUE TIMBER FRAMEWORK FORMWORK
DE3006404 1980-02-21

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Cited By (3)

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FR2576346A1 (en) * 1985-01-18 1986-07-25 Gay Pierre Device for supporting and for stabilising roof spaces using a structure made of solid timber
WO2000032891A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-08 Sandoz Jean Luc Wooden trussed structural systems, such as frameworks, bridges, floors
AU2021200695B2 (en) * 2011-06-03 2023-01-19 Australian Engineered Solutions Pty Ltd Composite Timber Components

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2527065A (en) * 2014-06-10 2015-12-16 Hl Plastics Ltd Improvements in or relating to door and window assemblies

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FR1224534A (en) * 1959-05-15 1960-06-24 assembly elements, wood and metal, multipurpose
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DE2006886A1 (en) * 1970-02-14 1971-08-19 Schworer, Artur, 7911 Thalfingen Supports for building purposes
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2576346A1 (en) * 1985-01-18 1986-07-25 Gay Pierre Device for supporting and for stabilising roof spaces using a structure made of solid timber
WO2000032891A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-08 Sandoz Jean Luc Wooden trussed structural systems, such as frameworks, bridges, floors
FR2786796A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-09 Jean Luc Sandoz TRIANGULAR WOODEN STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS, SUCH AS FRAMES, BRIDGES, FLOORS
AU2021200695B2 (en) * 2011-06-03 2023-01-19 Australian Engineered Solutions Pty Ltd Composite Timber Components

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DE3006404A1 (en) 1981-08-27
DE3163449D1 (en) 1984-06-14
EP0034820B1 (en) 1984-05-09
EP0034820A3 (en) 1981-10-07

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