EP0033045B1 - Prefabricated straight stairway - Google Patents
Prefabricated straight stairway Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0033045B1 EP0033045B1 EP80401852A EP80401852A EP0033045B1 EP 0033045 B1 EP0033045 B1 EP 0033045B1 EP 80401852 A EP80401852 A EP 80401852A EP 80401852 A EP80401852 A EP 80401852A EP 0033045 B1 EP0033045 B1 EP 0033045B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- gusset
- hand
- holes
- steps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
- E04F11/025—Stairways having stringers
- E04F11/0255—Stairways having stringers having adjustable gradient
Definitions
- the invention relates to a straight staircase with two stringers, according to the preamble of claim 1, capable of being prefabricated in the factory and consisting of standard elements whatever the height of the drop.
- Stairs thus designed are therefore unsuitable for satisfying a total standardization such that the same staircase can be used for a gentle climb (for example inclination at 30 ° relative to the horizontal) or for a steep climb like a sucker's ladder (for example inclination at 60 ° to the horizontal).
- the design of a prefabricated staircase implies that the constituent elements are able to take between them various relative positions controlled by the inclination of the stringers, and this, by reducing the machining work to a minimum.
- the invention chooses a solution lying between the freedom of Carter (US-A 3,299,950) and the rigor of Bâcker (DE-A 2509464) while retaining maximum resistance to the stringers.
- the staircase according to the characterizing part of claim 1 therefore intends to provide a satisfactory solution to the requirements which have just been recalled and of which certain data are contradictory to each other, by using only a minimum of round holes (three at most) drilled in a stringer for the assembly of a step and a handrail support.
- the stringers (L) have two vertical sides (L1 and L3) parallel as constituting for example the large opposite sides of a tubular or semi-tubular section of rectangular or U or omega section. .
- GM vertical gusset
- GM1 round front hole
- GM2 oblong eye
- the upright (MT) is integral with a trapezoidal gusset (GF) pierced with two substantially superimposed holes (GF1) and (GF2) ( Figure 1) or (GF3) and (GF4) ( Figure 3).
- the lower hole (GF2) is a slightly arched oblong eye whose center of curvature is the center of the hole (GF1).
- GM2 The oblong hole (GM2), the corresponding round hole of the stringer and the oblong hole (GF2) are crossed by the same bolt (1b).
- the vertical adjustment of the upright and the horizontality of the step is therefore made by pivoting the respective gussets around the fixed point formed by the upper bolt by moving the lower bolt in the oblong holes.
- the vertical distance of the bolts (1a) and (1b) corresponds to the difference in level between the steps, so that the stringer (L) is only pierced with two round holes used for the passage of the bolts ( 1a) and (1b) each of them used for the horizontal fixing of a step and for the vertical fixing of the gusset (GF) of a support (MT) so that on this stringer the holes of these holes draw a line broken at right angles, which therefore does not weaken its resistance.
- the lower hole (GF4) of the gusset is a round hole, while the upper hole (GF3) is oblong (lumen).
- the upright (MT) is therefore articulated around the bolt (1b) crossing the light (GM2) of the step, the round holes of the two sides of the stringer (L) and this lower hole (GF4).
- the leveling of the step and the vertical upright only require three bolts; one of these being common to assembly systems.
- the stairs according to the invention find various applications such as emergency stairs subject to safety standards, because their design makes it possible to respect the dimensions imposed by these (passage width, depth and height of steps, etc.).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
Description
L'invention se rapporte à un escalier droit à deux limons, selon le préambule de la revendication 1, susceptible d'être préfabriqué en usine et constitué d'éléments standards quelle que soit la hauteur de la dénivellation.The invention relates to a straight staircase with two stringers, according to the preamble of claim 1, capable of being prefabricated in the factory and consisting of standard elements whatever the height of the drop.
En général, les escaliers droits, même les escaliers de secours sont faits à la demande, une épure dessinée pour chaque cas, permettant d'effectuer le perçage des limons de manière à obtenir une fixation convenable des marches, préparées en usine selon un standard. On a néanmoins déjà proposé de munir celles-ci de moyens de réglage permettant de rattraper les erreurs de mise en place en particulier des limons, ces moyens de réglage, constitués par des œils oblongs, n'assurant qu'une amplitude de quelques degrés.In general, straight staircases, even emergency staircases, are made on request, a sketch drawn for each case, making it possible to drill the stringers so as to obtain a suitable fixing of the steps, prepared in the factory according to a standard. However, it has already been proposed to provide them with adjustment means making it possible to make up for errors in positioning, in particular stringers, these adjustment means, constituted by oblong eyes, ensuring only an amplitude of a few degrees.
Des escaliers ainsi conçus sont donc impropres à satisfaire une standardisation totale telle que le même escalier puisse être utilisé pour une montée douce (par exemple inclinaison à 30° par rapport à l'horizontale) ou pour une montée abrupte genre échelle de meunier (par exemple inclinaison à 60° par rapport à l'horizontale).Stairs thus designed are therefore unsuitable for satisfying a total standardization such that the same staircase can be used for a gentle climb (for example inclination at 30 ° relative to the horizontal) or for a steep climb like a sucker's ladder (for example inclination at 60 ° to the horizontal).
Il faut remarquer qu'à partir du moment où l'on désire utiliser le même gabarit de perçage des limons, quelle que soit l'inclinaison de ceux-ci, il n'est plus possible d'utiliser des supports de main-courante standard fixés d'une manière classique sur lesdits limons, car cette pratique conduirait à une construction inesthétique dans laquelle lesdits supports seraient presque toujours fortement inclinés.It should be noted that from the moment one wishes to use the same template for drilling the stringers, regardless of the inclination thereof, it is no longer possible to use standard handrail supports fixed in a conventional manner on said stringers, because this practice would lead to an unsightly construction in which said supports would almost always be strongly inclined.
Pour être polyvalente, la conception d'un escalier préfabriqué implique que les éléments constituants soient aptes à prendre entre eux des positions relatives diverses commandées par l'inclinaison des limons, et ce, en réduisant le travail d'usinage au minimum.To be versatile, the design of a prefabricated staircase implies that the constituent elements are able to take between them various relative positions controlled by the inclination of the stringers, and this, by reducing the machining work to a minimum.
Autrement dit, les éléments d'un escalier droit préfabriqué y compris ceux de la rampe, hors la variation de la longueur des longerons en fonction de la dénivellation à gravir, doit permettre de résoudre tous les problèmes quelle que soit l'inclinaison, par le seul moyen de leur montage réciproque.In other words, the elements of a prefabricated straight staircase, including those of the banister, apart from the variation in the length of the side members as a function of the elevation to climb, must make it possible to solve all the problems whatever the inclination, by the only means of their reciprocal assembly.
On a proposé de réaliser des escaliers droits à inclinaison variable, soit en perçant les limons d'un trou traversé par l'axe ou le boulon de pivotement permettant le réglage à l'horizontabi- lité de la marche considérée et soit d'une série de trous percés en arc de cercle (U.S.A. 3 299 590 Carter) soit d'une lumière arquée (DE-A 2 509 464 Bâcker).It has been proposed to make straight stairs with variable inclination, either by drilling the stringers of a hole crossed by the axis or the pivot bolt allowing the horizontal adjustment of the step considered and either a series holes drilled in an arc (USA 3 299 590 Carter) or an arched light (DE-A 2 509 464 Bâcker).
On remarque que ces deux solutions, outre le coût élevé de la main-d'œuvre, diminuent considérablement la résistance des limons. Or le propre d'un escalier préfabriqué est d'être léger au point que lesdits limons sont la plupart du temps réalisés en tôle pliée.We note that these two solutions, in addition to the high cost of labor, considerably reduce the resistance of the stringers. However, the characteristic of a prefabricated staircase is to be light to the point that said stringers are mostly made of folded sheet.
Il n'est donc pas question de multiplier les perçages comme dans l'U.S.-A 3 299 590 ou d'y pratiquer des trous oblongs comme dans le DE-A 2 509 464.It is therefore out of the question to multiply the holes as in US-A 3,299,590 or to make oblong holes there as in DE-A 2,509,464.
Le FR-A 2 309 685 Brigaud décrit des escaliers de bois qui ne sont que partiellement préfabriqués en atelier puisque les limons ne sont préper- cés que du trou de passage de l'axe de pivotement, les vis d'immobilisation étant placées à la demande lors du montage.FR-A 2 309 685 Brigaud describes wooden staircases which are only partially prefabricated in the workshop since the stringers are only pre-drilled from the hole for passage of the pivot axis, the immobilization screws being placed at the request during assembly.
Le problème se complique pour les escaliers pourvus d'une rampe portée par des montants, car ces derniers doivent être montés parfaitement verticaux sous peine d'un effet inesthétique. Cela suppose donc qu'un réglage soit aussi prévu pour ces montants.The problem is compounded for stairs with a ramp carried by uprights, because these must be mounted perfectly vertical under penalty of an unsightly effect. This therefore assumes that an adjustment is also provided for these amounts.
On trouve ce réglage dans le brevet US-A 3 299 950 Carter précité ; chaque montant s'articule sur un boulon inférieur et sa verticalité tente d'être assurée par un second boulon traversant un des trous d'une série en arc de cercle.This setting is found in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 3,299,950 Carter; each upright is articulated on a lower bolt and its verticality tries to be ensured by a second bolt crossing one of the holes of a series in an arc of a circle.
Outre le réglage non continu, il s'ensuit un nouvel affaiblissement des longerons.In addition to the non-continuous adjustment, there is a further weakening of the beams.
Enfin, le brevet US-A 3 299 950 Carter impose deux opérations de montage indépendantes, celle des marches et celle de la main-courante.Finally, US-A 3,299,950 Carter requires two independent mounting operations, that of the steps and that of the handrail.
A l'opposé de cette disposition, est celle utilisée par Bâcker (DE-A 2 509 464) selon laquelle les supports de main-courante sont perpendiculaires à une traverse fixée par les deux boulons de fixation de la marche correspondante. Si donc la marche est parfaitement horizontale, le support est parfaitement vertical et le montage ne nécessite que deux boulons d'où une économie importante de temps. Malheureusement l'horizontalité d'une marche est du domaine de la théorie pour des montages rapides, il s'ensuit qu'une erreur de l'ordre d'un millimètre dans la position du boulon de réglage de la marche se traduit par la non- verticalité très visible du support.In contrast to this arrangement, is that used by Bâcker (DE-A 2 509 464) according to which the handrail supports are perpendicular to a crosspiece fixed by the two fixing bolts of the corresponding step. So if the step is perfectly horizontal, the support is perfectly vertical and the assembly requires only two bolts where a significant saving of time. Unfortunately the horizontality of a step is in the domain of theory for rapid mounting, it follows that an error of the order of a millimeter in the position of the step adjustment bolt results in the non - very visible verticality of the support.
Il n'y a pas de problème pour les supports de main-courante de l'escalier Brigaud (FR-A 2309685) puisqu'ils sont posés à la demande sans préparation antérieure.There is no problem for the Brigaud staircase handrail supports (FR-A 2309685) since they are installed on demand without previous preparation.
L'invention choisit une solution se situant entre la liberté de Carter (US-A 3 299 950) et la rigueur de Bâcker (DE-A 2509464) tout en conservant aux limons une résistance maximale.The invention chooses a solution lying between the freedom of Carter (US-A 3,299,950) and the rigor of Bâcker (DE-A 2509464) while retaining maximum resistance to the stringers.
L'escalier selon la partie caractérisante de la revendication 1 entend donc apporter une solution satisfaisante aux impératifs qui viennent d'être rappelés et dont certaines données sont contradictoires entre elles, en n'utilisant qu'un minimum de trous ronds (trois au maximum) percés dans un limon pour l'assemblage d'une marche et d'un support de main-courante.The staircase according to the characterizing part of claim 1 therefore intends to provide a satisfactory solution to the requirements which have just been recalled and of which certain data are contradictory to each other, by using only a minimum of round holes (three at most) drilled in a stringer for the assembly of a step and a handrail support.
D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description et des revendications qui suivent, lesquelles sont faites en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue de profil partiellement en coupe ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe montrant l'assemblage des marches et montants avec le limon ; tandis que
- la figure 3 montre une variante de montage sur le limon, du gousset des supports de main-courante.
- Figure 1 is a side view partially in section;
- Figure 2 is a sectional view showing the assembly of steps and uprights with the stringer; while
- Figure 3 shows a mounting variant on the stringer, the gusset of the handrail supports.
Comme on le voit sur ces figures, avantageusement les limons (L) comportent deux flancs verticaux (L1 et L3) parallèles comme constituant par exemple les grands côtés opposés d'un profilé tubulaire ou semi-tubulaire de section rectangulaire ou en U ou en oméga.As can be seen in these figures, advantageously the stringers (L) have two vertical sides (L1 and L3) parallel as constituting for example the large opposite sides of a tubular or semi-tubular section of rectangular or U or omega section. .
Sur la face intérieure (L1) du profilé sont fixées les extrémités des marches (MA). Ces extrémités sont, soit repliées pour former une partie verticale soit solidaires d'un gousset vertical (GM), lequel est percé de deux trous, un trou avant rond (GM1) et un oeil oblong (GM2) celui-ci étant orienté selon un arc de cercle ayant (GM1) pour centre.On the inner face (L1) of the profile are fixed the ends of the steps (MA). These ends are either folded to form a vertical part or integral with a vertical gusset (GM), which is pierced with two holes, a round front hole (GM1) and an oblong eye (GM2) the latter being oriented in a arc of a circle having (GM1) as its center.
Sur la face (L3) opposée du limon (L) (ou sur un flasque rapporté (F) formant cette face comme représenté à la figure 2) sont fixés une pluralité de supports (MT) dont l'extrémité supérieure est articulée par une chape (C) à la main-courante ou rampe (MC) par des axes tels que (A).On the opposite face (L3) of the stringer (L) (or on an attached flange (F) forming this face as shown in Figure 2) are fixed a plurality of supports (MT) whose upper end is articulated by a yoke (C) to the handrail or ramp (MC) by axes such as (A).
A sa partie inférieure, le montant (MT) est solidaire d'un gousset trapézoïdal (GF) percé de deux trous sensiblement superposés (GF1) et (GF2) (figure 1) ou (GF3) et (GF4) (figure 3).At its lower part, the upright (MT) is integral with a trapezoidal gusset (GF) pierced with two substantially superimposed holes (GF1) and (GF2) (Figure 1) or (GF3) and (GF4) (Figure 3).
Dans le cas du mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 1, le trou inférieur (GF2) est un oeil oblong légèrement arqué dont le centre de courbure est le centre du trou (GF1).In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the lower hole (GF2) is a slightly arched oblong eye whose center of curvature is the center of the hole (GF1).
Les trous ronds du gousset (GM) de la marche, le trou rond correspondant du limon et le trou rond (GF1) du gousset du montant sont traversés par le même boulon (1a).The round holes in the gusset (GM) of the step, the corresponding round hole in the stringer and the round hole (GF1) in the upright gusset are crossed by the same bolt (1a).
Le trou oblong (GM2), le trou rond correspondant du limon et le trou oblong (GF2) sont traversés par le même boulon (1 b).The oblong hole (GM2), the corresponding round hole of the stringer and the oblong hole (GF2) are crossed by the same bolt (1b).
Le réglage de l'aplomb du montant et de l'horizontalité de la marche se fait donc par pivotement des goussets respectifs autour du point fixe constitué par le boulon supérieur en déplaçant le boulon inférieur dans les trous oblongs.The vertical adjustment of the upright and the horizontality of the step is therefore made by pivoting the respective gussets around the fixed point formed by the upper bolt by moving the lower bolt in the oblong holes.
Il faut noter néanmoins que l'écart vertical des boulons (1a) et (1b) correspond à la dénivellation entre les marches, si bien que le limon (L) n'est percé que seulement de deux trous ronds servant au passage des boulons (1a) et (1 b) chacun d'eux servant à la fixation horizontale d'une marche et à la fixation verticale du gousset (GF) d'un support (MT) si bien que sur ce limon les perçages de ces trous dessinent une ligne brisée à angles droits, qui n'affaiblit donc pas sa résistance.It should be noted, however, that the vertical distance of the bolts (1a) and (1b) corresponds to the difference in level between the steps, so that the stringer (L) is only pierced with two round holes used for the passage of the bolts ( 1a) and (1b) each of them used for the horizontal fixing of a step and for the vertical fixing of the gusset (GF) of a support (MT) so that on this stringer the holes of these holes draw a line broken at right angles, which therefore does not weaken its resistance.
Dans le cas du mode de réalisation de la figure 3, le trou inférieur (GF4) du gousset est un trou rond, tandis que le trou supérieur (GF3) est oblong (lumière).In the case of the embodiment of FIG. 3, the lower hole (GF4) of the gusset is a round hole, while the upper hole (GF3) is oblong (lumen).
Le montant (MT) est donc articulé autour du boulon (1b) traversant la lumière (GM2) de la marche, les trous ronds des deux flancs du limon (L) et ce trou inférieur (GF4).The upright (MT) is therefore articulated around the bolt (1b) crossing the light (GM2) of the step, the round holes of the two sides of the stringer (L) and this lower hole (GF4).
Dans les deux modes de réalisation, la mise de niveau de la marche et la mise à la verticale du montant ne nécessitent que trois boulons ; l'un de ceux-ci étant commun aux systèmes d'assemblage.In both embodiments, the leveling of the step and the vertical upright only require three bolts; one of these being common to assembly systems.
Si l'on compare néanmoins ces deux modes de réalisation, on constate que celui figurant à la figure 3 présente l'avantage de réglages plus faciles, en ce sens qu'ils sont succédants et non concomitants comme dans le cas de la figure 1.If we nevertheless compare these two embodiments, we see that the one shown in FIG. 3 has the advantage of easier adjustments, in the sense that they are successive and not concomitant as in the case of FIG. 1.
Les escaliers selon l'invention trouvent des applications diverses comme les escaliers de secours soumis à des normes de sécurité, car leur conception permet de respecter les dimensions imposées par celles-ci (largeur de passage, profondeur et hauteur de marches etc.).The stairs according to the invention find various applications such as emergency stairs subject to safety standards, because their design makes it possible to respect the dimensions imposed by these (passage width, depth and height of steps, etc.).
Malgré leur préfabrication totale, ils peuvent être utilisés dans des conditions très différentes d'inclinaison, depuis un angle avec l'horizontale de 30° jusqu'à 60°, donc pour des « échelles de meuniers ou escaliers de navire à empattement restreint.Despite their total prefabrication, they can be used in very different inclination conditions, from an angle with the horizontal from 30 ° to 60 °, therefore for "miller's ladders or ship's stairs with a limited wheelbase.
Ils peuvent se prêter également à des emplois décoratifs en raison de la sobriété de leur ligne. Pour une telle utilisation, il suffirait d'enjoliver le montant (MT) et son gousset (GF) par exemple en leur donnant des lignes plus sophistiquées.They can also lend themselves to decorative jobs because of the sobriety of their line. For such use, it would suffice to embellish the amount (MT) and its gusset (GF) for example by giving them more sophisticated lines.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8001404A FR2474085B1 (en) | 1980-01-23 | 1980-01-23 | PREFABRICATED RIGHT STAIRCASE |
FR8001404 | 1980-01-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0033045A1 EP0033045A1 (en) | 1981-08-05 |
EP0033045B1 true EP0033045B1 (en) | 1984-11-28 |
Family
ID=9237785
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80401852A Expired EP0033045B1 (en) | 1980-01-23 | 1980-12-23 | Prefabricated straight stairway |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0033045B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3069728D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK29281A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2474085B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11085191B2 (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-08-10 | Fortress Iron, Lp | Stair assembly with rise adjustable step support brackets |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8808580U1 (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1988-08-18 | Losberger Gmbh & Co Kg, 7100 Heilbronn | Height-adjustable staircase with railing |
FR2722525B1 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-09-20 | Lesage Gilles | VARIABLE CONFIGURATION STAIRS |
US6692234B2 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2004-02-17 | Water Management Systems | Pump system with vacuum source |
US6405748B1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2002-06-18 | David Muhs | Trailer and fuel tank assembly |
JP6008821B2 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-10-19 | 株式会社西宮産業 | Prefab stairs |
US9309675B2 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-04-12 | Kelly Kristian Kvols | Stairway tread support device and system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3299590A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1967-01-24 | Carter Lavoy | Prefabricated, adjustable stairway, ramp or bridge |
DE2509464A1 (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1976-09-09 | Baecker Josef Fa | Universally adjustable demountable open tread industrial staircase - with steps rotatable about front axis and stringers swivelling for slope setting |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2309685A1 (en) * | 1975-03-07 | 1976-11-26 | Brigaud Bernard | Wooden staircase with standard treads and supports - has angle of treads adjusted to suit slope of staircase |
US3962838A (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1976-06-15 | Joe Warren Cox | Shelf-adjusting stair |
-
1980
- 1980-01-23 FR FR8001404A patent/FR2474085B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-23 EP EP80401852A patent/EP0033045B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-23 DE DE8080401852T patent/DE3069728D1/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-01-22 DK DK29281A patent/DK29281A/da unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3299590A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1967-01-24 | Carter Lavoy | Prefabricated, adjustable stairway, ramp or bridge |
DE2509464A1 (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1976-09-09 | Baecker Josef Fa | Universally adjustable demountable open tread industrial staircase - with steps rotatable about front axis and stringers swivelling for slope setting |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11085191B2 (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-08-10 | Fortress Iron, Lp | Stair assembly with rise adjustable step support brackets |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0033045A1 (en) | 1981-08-05 |
FR2474085A1 (en) | 1981-07-24 |
FR2474085B1 (en) | 1985-10-31 |
DE3069728D1 (en) | 1985-01-10 |
DK29281A (en) | 1981-07-24 |
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