EP0028894B1 - Procédé et composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus - Google Patents
Procédé et composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0028894B1 EP0028894B1 EP80303778A EP80303778A EP0028894B1 EP 0028894 B1 EP0028894 B1 EP 0028894B1 EP 80303778 A EP80303778 A EP 80303778A EP 80303778 A EP80303778 A EP 80303778A EP 0028894 B1 EP0028894 B1 EP 0028894B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tripolyphosphate
- alkalimetal
- orthophosphate
- fabrics
- ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 83
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- -1 alkalimetal pyrophosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUZRRICLUFMAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyltaurine Chemical compound CNCCS(O)(=O)=O SUZRRICLUFMAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZVAKSQKFZKNG-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=O)(O)(O)C(C(C(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])CC.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)C(C(C(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])CC.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] JSZVAKSQKFZKNG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium nitrilotriacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950009390 symclosene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
- D06L1/16—Multi-step processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/44—Multi-step processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fabric washing processes and to the compositions which are' adapted for this purpose, using synthetic detergent active compounds together with phosphate detergency builders.
- the invention concerns in particular fabric washing using detergent compositions which contain levels of the phosphate detergency builders which can be lower than conventional phosphate builder levels, whilst still achieving good detergency results.
- a detergent dishwashing composition is known from GB1 224 777 (Armour) which is intended for use at substantially neutral pH and which contains in addition to an acid orthophosphate, encapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate with the object of providing good cleaning action over an extended period of time.
- the present invention is concerned with low phosphorus containing compositions having enhanced building properties.
- the process can be conducted if desired in two stages, for example using a prewash as step (i) and then a main wash as step (ii), the fabrics being substantially separated from the prewash liquor before being contacted with the main wash liquor.
- a prewash as step (i) and then a main wash as step (ii)
- the fabrics being substantially separated from the prewash liquor before being contacted with the main wash liquor.
- there is often some carry-over of the ingredients in the pre-wash into the main wash so that there is some benefit from the presence of residual alkalimetal orthophosphate in the main wash liquor.
- Many modern domestic washing machines are designed for sequential pre- and main washes, or the consumer may himself arrange the sequential washing.
- the washing process can be conducted in a single stage, where the liquor used in step (I) remains in contact with the fabrics during step (ii).
- This can be achieved by including the tripolyphosphate together with the orthophosphate and synthetic detergent compound in a single composition, but treating the former to delay its dissolution so that in step (i) it remains in an undissolved form, or by adding the tripolyphosphate to the wash solution later that the other ingredients.
- Dissolution of the tripolyphosphate is desirably delayed for at least 15 seconds, preferably at least one and especially at least 5 to 30 minutes, or even more after dissolution of the bulk of the orthophosphate, to encourage maximum precipitation of calcium orthophosphate before addition of the former.
- a detergent composition for carrying out such a method, comprising a synthetic detergent active compound, an alkalimetal or ammonium orthophosphate and an alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate, said composition yielding a pH of between about 9 and about 11 when dissolved in 12°H(Ca) water (French permanent hardness, calcium only) at 50°C and at a concentration of 0.1% w/v, and said composition containing not more than 5%, alkalimetal pyrophosphate, characterised by means for delaying the solubility of said alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate when the composition is added to water to form a wash liquor.
- the detergent composition may be in the form of two containers, the first container containing at least a part of said synthetic detergent active compound and the orthophosphate and the second container containing the alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
- the contents of the first container are released into water to form a wash liquor for step (I) of the process and subsequently the contents of the second container are released to form a wash liquor for step (ii) of the process.
- the delayed addition of the tripolyphosphate to the washing solution is advantageous in giving decreased deposition of inorganic phosphates on the washed fabric, compared with the simultaneous addition of the tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate. It is believed that this is due to the substantially complete precipitation of calcium orthophosphate by reaction with hard water before dissolutoin of the tripolyphosphate.
- the washing process of the invention can be accomplished manually, if desired, but is normally accomplished in a domestic or commercial laundry washing machine.
- the latter permits the use of higher wash temperatures and alkalinity, and more effective agitation, all of which contribute generally to better detergency.
- High wash temperatures at least about 60°C
- high alkalinity over about pH 10
- any wash temperature between ambient and boiling may be employed with any normal degree of alkalinity (pH 8-12).
- the type of washing machine used, if any, is not significant.
- the alkali metal or ammonium orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate will be present wholly or partially in the form of the calcium or magnesium salts, which are insoluble for the orthophosphates and soluble chelates in the case of the tripolyphosphates.
- the phosphates will be referred to generally as being in the alkali metal or ammonium salt form as appropriate, as if the aqueous solutions were prepared with de-ionised water.
- the detergent compositions used in the process of the invention may be either solid or liquid compositions. Either physical form can be used if the orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate are included in different compositions for separate addition to the wash liquor. Compositions in liquid form are suitable in particular for commercial laundry use, in which bulk supplies of aqueous orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate solutions are available and are automatically dosed to the washing machines at the appropriate times in the wash cycle. But if the orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate are included in a single composition, with the latter being treated to delay its solubility, the composition will normally be in solid form, e.g. as a powdered or granulated product.
- Suitable processes for the preparation of such detergent compositions according to the invention include forming a detergent base powder containing a detergent active compound or compounds and optionally the alkalimetal orthophosphate, and admixing with the base powder any further orthophosphate and an alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate, treated to delay its dissolution in water.
- the base powder is prepared by spray drying in the normal way using conventional equipment and process conditions.
- other conventional techniques may be used for preparing the base powder containing the detergent active compound and usually the orthophosphate.
- Other heat-sensitive ingredients may also be admixed with the base powder together with or separately from the treated alkali metal or ammonium tripolyphosphate, for example oxygen bleach compounds such as sodium perborate.
- the alkali metal tripolyphosphate used in the compositions of the invention is preferably sodium tripolyphosphate, but if desired the potassium or ammonium salts can be used.
- the term alkali metal tripolyphosphate is used below to include the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts.
- the alkali metal tripolyphosphates are generally represented as having the formula M 2 O(MPO 3 ) 3 or M 5 p 3 o lo where M is sodium, potassium or ammonium.
- tripolyphosphate is treated to delay its dissolution, for inclusion in a single composition with the orthophosphate, this may be accomplished in the production of the tripolyphosphate or subsequently.
- the tripolyphosphates may be made with a large particle size or the tripolyphosphate may be coated or encapsulated with a slowly soluble material such as wax, nonionic detergent compounds, higher fatty acids or a protein such as gelatin.
- the rate of solubility of the tripolyphosphate may also be decreased by using them in partial calcium, zinc or other polyvalent salt form. Two or more of these treatments may also be combined, so as to give close control over the solubility of the tripolyphosphate under the recommended washing conditions.
- the rate of solubility of the polymer phosphate may also be controlled by granulating the tripolyphosphate with sodium silicate.
- the granules may contain the tripolyphosphate and an alkalimetal silicate having a M 2 0:Si0 2 ratio of from 1:2 to 1:3.75 wherein M is an alkalimetal, the granule being dried to a moisture content of less than 7% by weight.
- a particularly useful granule of this type can be achieved by granulating 1 part of tripolyphosphate with 3 parts of sodium silicate having an Na 2 o:sio 2 ratio of 1:2.
- the tripolyphosphate-containing granule may also contain a portion of the synthetic detergent-active compound.
- the delayed solubility of the tripolyphosphate may also be achieved by dosing the composition in a two-compartment sachet, the sachet being so constituted that when added to water the contents of the first compartment, namely the alkalimetal orthophosphate and at least some of the synthetic detergent active compound are released before the contents of the second compartment, namely the alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
- a suitable sachet construction of this type may be made from a first outer sheet of polyethylene film, a second outer sheet of acrylic bonded polyester/viscose non-woven fabric and an inner sheet of thermally bonded polypropylene non-woven fabric, these three sheets being heat-sealed together at the edges to define a sachet with two compartments.
- the first compartment between the two layers of non-woven fabric may be filled with the orthophosphate and at least some of the synthetic detergent active compound.
- the second compartment may be filled with the alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
- the contents of the second compartment are released after those of the first compartment because they must pass through the first compartment before entering the wash liquor.
- the solution of the tripolyphosphate may also be delayed by coating or encapsulating the tripolyphosphate with a water-dispersible water-insoluble material or with a water-soluble material.
- coating materials include fatty acids, alkanolamides of fatty acids, glycerol esters of fatty acids, long chain hydrocarbon aliphatic alcohols, paraffin waxes, mineral oil, gelatin, sugar, nonionic surface active agents, polycinylalcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose as described in US 3 847 830 (Williams) and GB 1 242 247 (Unilever).
- the orthophosphate used is either potassium or preferably sodium orthophosphate, as the latter is cheaper and more readily available.
- Ammonium orthophosphate may also be used, particularly if the composition is not made by spray drying.
- the tri-alkali metal salts are used, but orthophosphoric acid or the di- or mono-alkalimetal salts, e.d..disodium hydrogen orthophosphate or monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate could be used if desired in the production of the compositions.
- other more alkaline salts should also be present to maintain a high pH in the end product, i.e. with full neutralisation to the trialkali metal orthophosphate salts.
- the orthophosphate can be used in the form of the anhydrous or hydrated salts, but in the former case it is preferred to promote hydration during processing, e.g. by adding the anhydrous orthophosphate to a detergent slurry and spray drying to form a base powder.
- the alkali metal polymer phosphates do not form hydrated salts as such, and are normally used in predominantly anhydrous form, but they are hygroscopic and tend to absorb atmospheric moisture. The amounts of salts used are expressed in anhydrous form.
- the total amounts of the essential tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate, and any other phosphates which may be present in the detergent compositions are chosen according to the overall detergency builder level which is desired in the detergent compositions or according to the maximum permitted phosphorus content.
- the total phosphate builder level which is preferably derived solely from the alkali metal tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate, is between 5% and 50%, preferably 10% to 30% by weight of the composition, with an amount of 2% to 20% each of the tripolyphosphate or orthophosphate.
- the amounts of the tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate are each from 5% to 15%, especially 5% to 10% by weight of the product.
- the total amount of tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate is preferably from 10% to 25%, especially 15% to 20%, by weight of the composition.
- amounts of the orthophosphate and the tripolyphosphate within the ratio of from 3:1 to 1:3 especially 2:1 to 1:2, parts by weight.
- ratios of tripolyphosphate to orthophosphate are particularly suitable for detergent compositions used at relatively high product concentrations, i.e. 0.3% to 0.8% by weight as is common practice in Europe, especially in front-loading automatic washing machines, and where moderate levels of phosphates are allowed in products, i.e. equivalent to 2% to 7% P.
- the only phosphate detergency builders used in the process of the invention should be the tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate.
- Some pyrophosphate is generally found as impurities at low levels in other commercial alkali metal phosphates, and some pyrophosphate may also be formed by hydrolysis of any polymer phosphate during processing, for example during slurry making. Hence, total absence of alkali metal pyrophosphate is generally unattainable in the detergent compositions. Not more than 5% especially not more than 2.5% of alkali metal pyrophosphate should be present in the compositions, as at higher levels the amounts of inorganic deposits on the washing machine parts become significantly more noticeable.
- tripolyphosphate may be replaced by an alkalimetal or ammonium poly- merphosphate.
- the process of the invention is necessarily accomplished using synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent active compound or mixture thereof.
- Detergent compositions normally include from 2.5% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, and especially 10% to 25% by weight of such ingredients.
- suitable detergent compounds are commercially available and are fully described in the literature, for example in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry Et Berch.
- the preferred detergent compounds which can be used are synthetic anionic and nonionic compounds.
- the former are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
- suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, expecially those obtained by sulphating higher (C 8 ⁇ C 18 ) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil; sodium and potassium alkyl (C 9 ⁇ C 20 ) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C 10 ⁇ C 15 ) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates,; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C 8 ⁇ C 18 ) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amide
- Suitable nonionic detergent compounds which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.
- Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C 6 ⁇ C 22 ) phenols- ethylene oxide condensates, generally 5 to 25 EO, i.e.
- nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
- detergent compounds for example mixed anionic or mixed anionic compounds may be used in the detergent compositions, particularly in the latter case to provide controlled low sudsing properties. This is beneficial for compositions intended for use in suds-intolerant automatic washing machines.
- some nonionic detergent compounds in the compositions decreases the tendency of insoluble phosphate salts to deposit on the washed fabrics, especially when used in admixture with some soaps as described below.
- Amounts of amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds can also be used in the compositions of the invention but this is not normally desired due to thei relatively high cost. If any amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds are used it is generally in small amounts in compositions based on the much more commonly used synthetic anionic and/or nonionic detergent compounds. For example, mixtures of amine oxides and ethoxylated nonionic detergent compounds can be used.
- Soaps may also be present in the detergent compositions of the invention, but not as the sole detergent compounds.
- the soaps are particularly useful at low levels in binary and ternary mixtures, together with nonionic or mixed synthetic anionic and nonionic detergent compounds, which have low sudsing properties.
- the soaps which are used are the sodium, or less desirably potassium, salts of C 10 ⁇ C 24 fatty acids. It is particularly preferred that the soaps should be based mainly on the longer chain fatty acids within this range, that is with at least half of the soaps having a carbon chain length of 16 or over.
- soaps from natural sources such as tallow, palm oil or rapeseed oil, which can be hardened if desired, with lesser amounts of other shorter chain soaps, prepared from nut oils such as coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
- the amount of such soaps can be up to about 25% by weight, with lower amounts of about 0.5% to about 5% being generally sufficient for lather control.
- Amounts of soap between about 2% and about 20%, especially between about 5% and about 15%, can advantageously be used to give a beneficial effect on detergency and reduced levels of incrustation.
- the detergent compositions used in the process of the invention can contain any of the conventional additives in the amounts in which such materials are normally employed in fabric washing detergent compositions.
- these additives include lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather depressants such as alkyl phosphates, waxes and silicones, antiredeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone optionally copolymerised with vinyl acetate, oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, per-acid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid and alkali metal salts of dischloroisocyanuric acid, fabric softening agents, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate and magnesium silicate , and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfume
- an amount of sodium perborate preferably between about 10% and 40%, for example about 15% to about 30%, by weight. It has been found that the bleaching action of sodium perborate is boosted under highly alkaline conditions which also give optimum detergency and building action from the orthophosphate. Thus, it becomes possible to achieve improved bleaching properties by using the same levels of sodium perborate as normal; or decreased levels of sodium perborate can be used to give equal bleaching properties to those of conventional products with higher levels of perborate and sodium tripolyphosphate as the sole detergency builder. The latter option can also be used to further decrease the raw materials costs of the compositions, if a cheap filler is used in place of part of the sodium perborate.
- the effective antldeposition agents are materials which stabilise insoluble clacium orthophosphate particles and thereby inhibit their deposition onto the fabrics.
- the most effective anti-deposition agents are anionic polyelectrolytes, especially polymeric aliphatic carboxylates.
- the amount of any such anti- deposition agent can be from about 0.01% to about 10% of the compositions, but is normally from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight of the compositions.
- Specific preferred antideposition agents are the alkali metal or ammonium, preferably the sodium, salts or homo- and co-polymers of acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acids, such as sodium polyacrylate, the sodium salt of copolymethacrylamide/acrylic acid and sodium poly-alpha-hydroxyacrylate, salts of copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene, acrylic acids vinylmethylether allyl acetate or styrene, especially 1:1 copolymers, and optionally with partial esterification of the carboxyl groups.
- Such copolymers preferably have relatively low molecular weights, e.g. in the range of about 1,000 to 50,000.
- antideposition agents include the sodium salts of polymaleic acid, polyitaconic acid and polyaspartic acid, phosphate esters of ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, polyethylene glycol phosphate esters, and certain phosphonates such as sodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate, sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate, and sodium 2-phosphonobutane tricarboxylate. Mixtures of organic phosphonic acids or substituted acrylic acids or their salts with protective colloids such as gelatin may also be used.
- the most preferred antideposition agent is sodium polyacrylate having a MW of about 10,000 to 50,000, for example about 20,000 to 30,000.
- detergent compositions of the invention minor amounts, preferably not more than about 20% by weight, of other non-phosphate detergency builders or sequestrant builders.
- other non-phosphate detergency builders are amine carboxylates such as sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium carbonate, sodium amorphous or crystalline aluminosilicate ion-exchange materials, sodium citrate and soap, which can function as a detergency builder, as discussed above.
- an amount of an alkali metal silicate particularly sodium ortho-, meta- or preferably neutral or alkaline silicate.
- alkali metal silicates at levels of at least about 1 %, and preferably from about 5% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, is advantageous in decreasing the corrosion of metal parts in washing machines, besides giving processing benefits and generally improved powder properties.
- the more highly alkaline ortho-and meta-silicates would normally only be used at lower amounts within this range, in admixture with the neutral or alkaline silicates.
- compositions of the invention are required to be alkaline, but not too strongly alkaline as this could result in fabric damage and also be hazardous for domestic usage.
- the compositions should normally give a pH of from 9 to 11 in use in aqueous wash solution. It is preferred in particular for domestic products to have a minimum pH of at least 9.25 and especially a pH of 9.5 or over, as lower pHs tend to be less effective for optimum detergency building, and a maximum pH of 10.5, as more highly alkaline products can be hazardous if misused.
- the pH is measured at the lowest normal usage concentration of 0.1% w/v of the product in water of 12°H (Ca), (French permanent hardness, calcium only) at 50°C so that a satisfactory degree of alkalinity can be assured in use at all normal product concentrations.
- the pH of the detergent compositions in use is controlled by the amount of orthophosphate and any other alkaline salts such as alkali metal silicate, sodium perborate and sodium carbonate present.
- alkali metal silicates especially the alkali metal silicates, is particularly beneficial, because the alkalinity of the alkali metal orthophosphate is diminished in hard water due to precipitation of the calcium salt.
- alkali metal tripolyphosphate is more stable and resistant to hydrolysis under moderately alkaline conditions.
- the other ingredients in the alkaline detergent compositions of the invention should of course be chosen for alkaline stability, especially the pH sensitive materials such as enzymes.
- the detergent compositions of the invention are preferably made in particulate form, by admixture of a spray dried base powder and treated tripolyphosphate.
- the detergent compositions may be compressed or compacted into tablets or blocks, or otherwise treated for example by granulation, prior to packaging and sale.
- moisture impermeable packaging for example in plastic or fabric sachets containing premeasured doses of the detergent compositions for washing machine usage.
- TERGOTOMETER and MIELE are Trade Marks.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Claims (11)
caractérisé en ce que l'étape (ii) est effectuée postérieurement à l'étape (i).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80303778T ATE4333T1 (de) | 1979-10-26 | 1980-10-24 | Verfahren zum waschen von textilmaterialien und waschmittelzusammensetzung dafuer. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7937166 | 1979-10-26 | ||
GB7937166 | 1979-10-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0028894A1 EP0028894A1 (fr) | 1981-05-20 |
EP0028894B1 true EP0028894B1 (fr) | 1983-07-27 |
Family
ID=10508779
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80303778A Expired EP0028894B1 (fr) | 1979-10-26 | 1980-10-24 | Procédé et composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0028894B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5673164A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE4333T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU542093B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR8006871A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1137384A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3064438D1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA806488B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3271270D1 (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1986-06-26 | Unilever Nv | Liquid detergent composition |
DE4438850A1 (de) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Feste Wertstoffzubereitungen für die mehrstufige Textilwäsche |
DE10138283A1 (de) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-03-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Waschverfahren |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL178956C (nl) * | 1952-06-11 | Hartmann Foerdertech | Inrichting voor het opgraven en omhoog voeren van stortgoed. | |
BE575700A (fr) * | 1958-02-26 | |||
JPS51109003A (ja) * | 1975-02-20 | 1976-09-27 | Procter & Gamble | Saitekisenjoseiomotsuteihosufueetoganryono garasushitsuhosufueetokeisenzaisoseibutsu |
GB1530799A (en) * | 1975-08-28 | 1978-11-01 | Unilever Ltd | Detergent compositions |
-
1980
- 1980-10-22 ZA ZA00806488A patent/ZA806488B/xx unknown
- 1980-10-24 JP JP14924880A patent/JPS5673164A/ja active Pending
- 1980-10-24 BR BR8006871A patent/BR8006871A/pt unknown
- 1980-10-24 AU AU63689/80A patent/AU542093B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-10-24 DE DE8080303778T patent/DE3064438D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-10-24 CA CA000363146A patent/CA1137384A/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-10-24 AT AT80303778T patent/ATE4333T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-10-24 EP EP80303778A patent/EP0028894B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA806488B (en) | 1982-05-26 |
DE3064438D1 (en) | 1983-09-01 |
CA1137384A (fr) | 1982-12-14 |
AU6368980A (en) | 1981-04-30 |
JPS5673164A (en) | 1981-06-17 |
EP0028894A1 (fr) | 1981-05-20 |
AU542093B2 (en) | 1985-02-07 |
BR8006871A (pt) | 1981-04-28 |
ATE4333T1 (de) | 1983-08-15 |
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