EP0028894B1 - Procédé et composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus - Google Patents

Procédé et composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0028894B1
EP0028894B1 EP80303778A EP80303778A EP0028894B1 EP 0028894 B1 EP0028894 B1 EP 0028894B1 EP 80303778 A EP80303778 A EP 80303778A EP 80303778 A EP80303778 A EP 80303778A EP 0028894 B1 EP0028894 B1 EP 0028894B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tripolyphosphate
alkalimetal
orthophosphate
fabrics
ammonium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80303778A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0028894A1 (fr
Inventor
Ronald Meredith Morris
John Raymond Samuel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
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Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Priority to AT80303778T priority Critical patent/ATE4333T1/de
Publication of EP0028894A1 publication Critical patent/EP0028894A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0028894B1 publication Critical patent/EP0028894B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
    • D06L1/16—Multi-step processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/44—Multi-step processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fabric washing processes and to the compositions which are' adapted for this purpose, using synthetic detergent active compounds together with phosphate detergency builders.
  • the invention concerns in particular fabric washing using detergent compositions which contain levels of the phosphate detergency builders which can be lower than conventional phosphate builder levels, whilst still achieving good detergency results.
  • a detergent dishwashing composition is known from GB1 224 777 (Armour) which is intended for use at substantially neutral pH and which contains in addition to an acid orthophosphate, encapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate with the object of providing good cleaning action over an extended period of time.
  • the present invention is concerned with low phosphorus containing compositions having enhanced building properties.
  • the process can be conducted if desired in two stages, for example using a prewash as step (i) and then a main wash as step (ii), the fabrics being substantially separated from the prewash liquor before being contacted with the main wash liquor.
  • a prewash as step (i) and then a main wash as step (ii)
  • the fabrics being substantially separated from the prewash liquor before being contacted with the main wash liquor.
  • there is often some carry-over of the ingredients in the pre-wash into the main wash so that there is some benefit from the presence of residual alkalimetal orthophosphate in the main wash liquor.
  • Many modern domestic washing machines are designed for sequential pre- and main washes, or the consumer may himself arrange the sequential washing.
  • the washing process can be conducted in a single stage, where the liquor used in step (I) remains in contact with the fabrics during step (ii).
  • This can be achieved by including the tripolyphosphate together with the orthophosphate and synthetic detergent compound in a single composition, but treating the former to delay its dissolution so that in step (i) it remains in an undissolved form, or by adding the tripolyphosphate to the wash solution later that the other ingredients.
  • Dissolution of the tripolyphosphate is desirably delayed for at least 15 seconds, preferably at least one and especially at least 5 to 30 minutes, or even more after dissolution of the bulk of the orthophosphate, to encourage maximum precipitation of calcium orthophosphate before addition of the former.
  • a detergent composition for carrying out such a method, comprising a synthetic detergent active compound, an alkalimetal or ammonium orthophosphate and an alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate, said composition yielding a pH of between about 9 and about 11 when dissolved in 12°H(Ca) water (French permanent hardness, calcium only) at 50°C and at a concentration of 0.1% w/v, and said composition containing not more than 5%, alkalimetal pyrophosphate, characterised by means for delaying the solubility of said alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate when the composition is added to water to form a wash liquor.
  • the detergent composition may be in the form of two containers, the first container containing at least a part of said synthetic detergent active compound and the orthophosphate and the second container containing the alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • the contents of the first container are released into water to form a wash liquor for step (I) of the process and subsequently the contents of the second container are released to form a wash liquor for step (ii) of the process.
  • the delayed addition of the tripolyphosphate to the washing solution is advantageous in giving decreased deposition of inorganic phosphates on the washed fabric, compared with the simultaneous addition of the tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate. It is believed that this is due to the substantially complete precipitation of calcium orthophosphate by reaction with hard water before dissolutoin of the tripolyphosphate.
  • the washing process of the invention can be accomplished manually, if desired, but is normally accomplished in a domestic or commercial laundry washing machine.
  • the latter permits the use of higher wash temperatures and alkalinity, and more effective agitation, all of which contribute generally to better detergency.
  • High wash temperatures at least about 60°C
  • high alkalinity over about pH 10
  • any wash temperature between ambient and boiling may be employed with any normal degree of alkalinity (pH 8-12).
  • the type of washing machine used, if any, is not significant.
  • the alkali metal or ammonium orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate will be present wholly or partially in the form of the calcium or magnesium salts, which are insoluble for the orthophosphates and soluble chelates in the case of the tripolyphosphates.
  • the phosphates will be referred to generally as being in the alkali metal or ammonium salt form as appropriate, as if the aqueous solutions were prepared with de-ionised water.
  • the detergent compositions used in the process of the invention may be either solid or liquid compositions. Either physical form can be used if the orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate are included in different compositions for separate addition to the wash liquor. Compositions in liquid form are suitable in particular for commercial laundry use, in which bulk supplies of aqueous orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate solutions are available and are automatically dosed to the washing machines at the appropriate times in the wash cycle. But if the orthophosphate and tripolyphosphate are included in a single composition, with the latter being treated to delay its solubility, the composition will normally be in solid form, e.g. as a powdered or granulated product.
  • Suitable processes for the preparation of such detergent compositions according to the invention include forming a detergent base powder containing a detergent active compound or compounds and optionally the alkalimetal orthophosphate, and admixing with the base powder any further orthophosphate and an alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate, treated to delay its dissolution in water.
  • the base powder is prepared by spray drying in the normal way using conventional equipment and process conditions.
  • other conventional techniques may be used for preparing the base powder containing the detergent active compound and usually the orthophosphate.
  • Other heat-sensitive ingredients may also be admixed with the base powder together with or separately from the treated alkali metal or ammonium tripolyphosphate, for example oxygen bleach compounds such as sodium perborate.
  • the alkali metal tripolyphosphate used in the compositions of the invention is preferably sodium tripolyphosphate, but if desired the potassium or ammonium salts can be used.
  • the term alkali metal tripolyphosphate is used below to include the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts.
  • the alkali metal tripolyphosphates are generally represented as having the formula M 2 O(MPO 3 ) 3 or M 5 p 3 o lo where M is sodium, potassium or ammonium.
  • tripolyphosphate is treated to delay its dissolution, for inclusion in a single composition with the orthophosphate, this may be accomplished in the production of the tripolyphosphate or subsequently.
  • the tripolyphosphates may be made with a large particle size or the tripolyphosphate may be coated or encapsulated with a slowly soluble material such as wax, nonionic detergent compounds, higher fatty acids or a protein such as gelatin.
  • the rate of solubility of the tripolyphosphate may also be decreased by using them in partial calcium, zinc or other polyvalent salt form. Two or more of these treatments may also be combined, so as to give close control over the solubility of the tripolyphosphate under the recommended washing conditions.
  • the rate of solubility of the polymer phosphate may also be controlled by granulating the tripolyphosphate with sodium silicate.
  • the granules may contain the tripolyphosphate and an alkalimetal silicate having a M 2 0:Si0 2 ratio of from 1:2 to 1:3.75 wherein M is an alkalimetal, the granule being dried to a moisture content of less than 7% by weight.
  • a particularly useful granule of this type can be achieved by granulating 1 part of tripolyphosphate with 3 parts of sodium silicate having an Na 2 o:sio 2 ratio of 1:2.
  • the tripolyphosphate-containing granule may also contain a portion of the synthetic detergent-active compound.
  • the delayed solubility of the tripolyphosphate may also be achieved by dosing the composition in a two-compartment sachet, the sachet being so constituted that when added to water the contents of the first compartment, namely the alkalimetal orthophosphate and at least some of the synthetic detergent active compound are released before the contents of the second compartment, namely the alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • a suitable sachet construction of this type may be made from a first outer sheet of polyethylene film, a second outer sheet of acrylic bonded polyester/viscose non-woven fabric and an inner sheet of thermally bonded polypropylene non-woven fabric, these three sheets being heat-sealed together at the edges to define a sachet with two compartments.
  • the first compartment between the two layers of non-woven fabric may be filled with the orthophosphate and at least some of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • the second compartment may be filled with the alkalimetal or ammonium tripolyphosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • the contents of the second compartment are released after those of the first compartment because they must pass through the first compartment before entering the wash liquor.
  • the solution of the tripolyphosphate may also be delayed by coating or encapsulating the tripolyphosphate with a water-dispersible water-insoluble material or with a water-soluble material.
  • coating materials include fatty acids, alkanolamides of fatty acids, glycerol esters of fatty acids, long chain hydrocarbon aliphatic alcohols, paraffin waxes, mineral oil, gelatin, sugar, nonionic surface active agents, polycinylalcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose as described in US 3 847 830 (Williams) and GB 1 242 247 (Unilever).
  • the orthophosphate used is either potassium or preferably sodium orthophosphate, as the latter is cheaper and more readily available.
  • Ammonium orthophosphate may also be used, particularly if the composition is not made by spray drying.
  • the tri-alkali metal salts are used, but orthophosphoric acid or the di- or mono-alkalimetal salts, e.d..disodium hydrogen orthophosphate or monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate could be used if desired in the production of the compositions.
  • other more alkaline salts should also be present to maintain a high pH in the end product, i.e. with full neutralisation to the trialkali metal orthophosphate salts.
  • the orthophosphate can be used in the form of the anhydrous or hydrated salts, but in the former case it is preferred to promote hydration during processing, e.g. by adding the anhydrous orthophosphate to a detergent slurry and spray drying to form a base powder.
  • the alkali metal polymer phosphates do not form hydrated salts as such, and are normally used in predominantly anhydrous form, but they are hygroscopic and tend to absorb atmospheric moisture. The amounts of salts used are expressed in anhydrous form.
  • the total amounts of the essential tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate, and any other phosphates which may be present in the detergent compositions are chosen according to the overall detergency builder level which is desired in the detergent compositions or according to the maximum permitted phosphorus content.
  • the total phosphate builder level which is preferably derived solely from the alkali metal tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate, is between 5% and 50%, preferably 10% to 30% by weight of the composition, with an amount of 2% to 20% each of the tripolyphosphate or orthophosphate.
  • the amounts of the tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate are each from 5% to 15%, especially 5% to 10% by weight of the product.
  • the total amount of tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate is preferably from 10% to 25%, especially 15% to 20%, by weight of the composition.
  • amounts of the orthophosphate and the tripolyphosphate within the ratio of from 3:1 to 1:3 especially 2:1 to 1:2, parts by weight.
  • ratios of tripolyphosphate to orthophosphate are particularly suitable for detergent compositions used at relatively high product concentrations, i.e. 0.3% to 0.8% by weight as is common practice in Europe, especially in front-loading automatic washing machines, and where moderate levels of phosphates are allowed in products, i.e. equivalent to 2% to 7% P.
  • the only phosphate detergency builders used in the process of the invention should be the tripolyphosphate and orthophosphate.
  • Some pyrophosphate is generally found as impurities at low levels in other commercial alkali metal phosphates, and some pyrophosphate may also be formed by hydrolysis of any polymer phosphate during processing, for example during slurry making. Hence, total absence of alkali metal pyrophosphate is generally unattainable in the detergent compositions. Not more than 5% especially not more than 2.5% of alkali metal pyrophosphate should be present in the compositions, as at higher levels the amounts of inorganic deposits on the washing machine parts become significantly more noticeable.
  • tripolyphosphate may be replaced by an alkalimetal or ammonium poly- merphosphate.
  • the process of the invention is necessarily accomplished using synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent active compound or mixture thereof.
  • Detergent compositions normally include from 2.5% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, and especially 10% to 25% by weight of such ingredients.
  • suitable detergent compounds are commercially available and are fully described in the literature, for example in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry Et Berch.
  • the preferred detergent compounds which can be used are synthetic anionic and nonionic compounds.
  • the former are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
  • suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, expecially those obtained by sulphating higher (C 8 ⁇ C 18 ) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil; sodium and potassium alkyl (C 9 ⁇ C 20 ) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C 10 ⁇ C 15 ) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates,; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C 8 ⁇ C 18 ) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amide
  • Suitable nonionic detergent compounds which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.
  • Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C 6 ⁇ C 22 ) phenols- ethylene oxide condensates, generally 5 to 25 EO, i.e.
  • nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
  • detergent compounds for example mixed anionic or mixed anionic compounds may be used in the detergent compositions, particularly in the latter case to provide controlled low sudsing properties. This is beneficial for compositions intended for use in suds-intolerant automatic washing machines.
  • some nonionic detergent compounds in the compositions decreases the tendency of insoluble phosphate salts to deposit on the washed fabrics, especially when used in admixture with some soaps as described below.
  • Amounts of amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds can also be used in the compositions of the invention but this is not normally desired due to thei relatively high cost. If any amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds are used it is generally in small amounts in compositions based on the much more commonly used synthetic anionic and/or nonionic detergent compounds. For example, mixtures of amine oxides and ethoxylated nonionic detergent compounds can be used.
  • Soaps may also be present in the detergent compositions of the invention, but not as the sole detergent compounds.
  • the soaps are particularly useful at low levels in binary and ternary mixtures, together with nonionic or mixed synthetic anionic and nonionic detergent compounds, which have low sudsing properties.
  • the soaps which are used are the sodium, or less desirably potassium, salts of C 10 ⁇ C 24 fatty acids. It is particularly preferred that the soaps should be based mainly on the longer chain fatty acids within this range, that is with at least half of the soaps having a carbon chain length of 16 or over.
  • soaps from natural sources such as tallow, palm oil or rapeseed oil, which can be hardened if desired, with lesser amounts of other shorter chain soaps, prepared from nut oils such as coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
  • the amount of such soaps can be up to about 25% by weight, with lower amounts of about 0.5% to about 5% being generally sufficient for lather control.
  • Amounts of soap between about 2% and about 20%, especially between about 5% and about 15%, can advantageously be used to give a beneficial effect on detergency and reduced levels of incrustation.
  • the detergent compositions used in the process of the invention can contain any of the conventional additives in the amounts in which such materials are normally employed in fabric washing detergent compositions.
  • these additives include lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather depressants such as alkyl phosphates, waxes and silicones, antiredeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone optionally copolymerised with vinyl acetate, oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, per-acid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid and alkali metal salts of dischloroisocyanuric acid, fabric softening agents, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate and magnesium silicate , and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfume
  • an amount of sodium perborate preferably between about 10% and 40%, for example about 15% to about 30%, by weight. It has been found that the bleaching action of sodium perborate is boosted under highly alkaline conditions which also give optimum detergency and building action from the orthophosphate. Thus, it becomes possible to achieve improved bleaching properties by using the same levels of sodium perborate as normal; or decreased levels of sodium perborate can be used to give equal bleaching properties to those of conventional products with higher levels of perborate and sodium tripolyphosphate as the sole detergency builder. The latter option can also be used to further decrease the raw materials costs of the compositions, if a cheap filler is used in place of part of the sodium perborate.
  • the effective antldeposition agents are materials which stabilise insoluble clacium orthophosphate particles and thereby inhibit their deposition onto the fabrics.
  • the most effective anti-deposition agents are anionic polyelectrolytes, especially polymeric aliphatic carboxylates.
  • the amount of any such anti- deposition agent can be from about 0.01% to about 10% of the compositions, but is normally from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight of the compositions.
  • Specific preferred antideposition agents are the alkali metal or ammonium, preferably the sodium, salts or homo- and co-polymers of acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acids, such as sodium polyacrylate, the sodium salt of copolymethacrylamide/acrylic acid and sodium poly-alpha-hydroxyacrylate, salts of copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene, acrylic acids vinylmethylether allyl acetate or styrene, especially 1:1 copolymers, and optionally with partial esterification of the carboxyl groups.
  • Such copolymers preferably have relatively low molecular weights, e.g. in the range of about 1,000 to 50,000.
  • antideposition agents include the sodium salts of polymaleic acid, polyitaconic acid and polyaspartic acid, phosphate esters of ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, polyethylene glycol phosphate esters, and certain phosphonates such as sodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate, sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate, and sodium 2-phosphonobutane tricarboxylate. Mixtures of organic phosphonic acids or substituted acrylic acids or their salts with protective colloids such as gelatin may also be used.
  • the most preferred antideposition agent is sodium polyacrylate having a MW of about 10,000 to 50,000, for example about 20,000 to 30,000.
  • detergent compositions of the invention minor amounts, preferably not more than about 20% by weight, of other non-phosphate detergency builders or sequestrant builders.
  • other non-phosphate detergency builders are amine carboxylates such as sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium carbonate, sodium amorphous or crystalline aluminosilicate ion-exchange materials, sodium citrate and soap, which can function as a detergency builder, as discussed above.
  • an amount of an alkali metal silicate particularly sodium ortho-, meta- or preferably neutral or alkaline silicate.
  • alkali metal silicates at levels of at least about 1 %, and preferably from about 5% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, is advantageous in decreasing the corrosion of metal parts in washing machines, besides giving processing benefits and generally improved powder properties.
  • the more highly alkaline ortho-and meta-silicates would normally only be used at lower amounts within this range, in admixture with the neutral or alkaline silicates.
  • compositions of the invention are required to be alkaline, but not too strongly alkaline as this could result in fabric damage and also be hazardous for domestic usage.
  • the compositions should normally give a pH of from 9 to 11 in use in aqueous wash solution. It is preferred in particular for domestic products to have a minimum pH of at least 9.25 and especially a pH of 9.5 or over, as lower pHs tend to be less effective for optimum detergency building, and a maximum pH of 10.5, as more highly alkaline products can be hazardous if misused.
  • the pH is measured at the lowest normal usage concentration of 0.1% w/v of the product in water of 12°H (Ca), (French permanent hardness, calcium only) at 50°C so that a satisfactory degree of alkalinity can be assured in use at all normal product concentrations.
  • the pH of the detergent compositions in use is controlled by the amount of orthophosphate and any other alkaline salts such as alkali metal silicate, sodium perborate and sodium carbonate present.
  • alkali metal silicates especially the alkali metal silicates, is particularly beneficial, because the alkalinity of the alkali metal orthophosphate is diminished in hard water due to precipitation of the calcium salt.
  • alkali metal tripolyphosphate is more stable and resistant to hydrolysis under moderately alkaline conditions.
  • the other ingredients in the alkaline detergent compositions of the invention should of course be chosen for alkaline stability, especially the pH sensitive materials such as enzymes.
  • the detergent compositions of the invention are preferably made in particulate form, by admixture of a spray dried base powder and treated tripolyphosphate.
  • the detergent compositions may be compressed or compacted into tablets or blocks, or otherwise treated for example by granulation, prior to packaging and sale.
  • moisture impermeable packaging for example in plastic or fabric sachets containing premeasured doses of the detergent compositions for washing machine usage.
  • TERGOTOMETER and MIELE are Trade Marks.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Claims (11)

1. Un procédé pour le lavage des tissus, comprenant les étapes de:
(i) Mise en contact des tissus avec une solution de lavage contenant un composé synthétique détergent; et
(ii) Mise en contact des tissus avec une solution de lavage content un composé synthétique détergent et un tripolyphosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium, chacune desdites solutions de lavage ayant un pH compris entre 8 et 12 et chacune desdites solutions de lavage ne contenant pas substantiellement de pyrophosphate de métal alcalin;

caractérisé en ce que l'étape (ii) est effectuée postérieurement à l'étape (i).
2. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est effectué en deux étapes, les tissus étant séparés substantiellement de la solution de lavage utilisée dans !'étape (i) avant d'être mis en contact avec la solution de lavage utilisée dans l'étape (ii).
3. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la solution de lavage utilisée dans l'étape (i) reste en contact avec les tissus pendant l'étape (ii).
4. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape (ii) est effectuée au moins 15 secondes après l'étape (ii).
5. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit tripolyphosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium est présent dans la solution de lavage utilisée dans l'étape (i) sous une forme non dissoute.
6. Une composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus par une méthode selon la revendication 1, comprenant un composé synthétique détergent, un orthophosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium et un tripolyphosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium, ladite composition donnant un pH compris entre 9 et 12 lorsqu'elle est dissoute dans de l'eau 12°H (Ca) (Dureté française permanente, calcium seulement) à 50°C et à une concentration de 0,1% en poids volumique et ladite composition ne contenant pas plus de 5% de pyrophosphate de métal alcalin, caractérisée par des moyens pour retarder la solubilité dudit tripolyphosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium quand la composition est ajoutée à de l'eau pour former une solution de lavage.
7. Une composition détergente selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en un premier récipient contenant au moins une partie dudit composé synthétique détergent et ledit orthophosphate et un second récipient contenant le-dit tripolyphosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium et facultativement une part supplémentaire dudit composé synthétique détergent.
8. Une composition détergente selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier récipient et ledit second récipient sont respectivement constitués par un premier compartiment et un second compartiment d'un sachet, ledit sachet étant constitué d'une telle façon que, lorsqu'on l'ajoute à de l'eau, le contenu dudit premier compartiment est libéré avant le contenu dudit second compartiment.
9. Une composition détergente selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens pour retarder la solubilité dudit tripolyphosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium sont constitués par un matériau à dissolution lente avec lequel ledit tripolyphosphate est granulé ou encapsulé.
10. Une composition détergente selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient en poids: de 2,5% à 50% d'un ou plus composés synthétiques détergents choisis parmi les composés synthétiques détergents anioniques, nonioniques, amphotériques, et zwitterioniques; de 2% à 20% dudit orthophosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium; de 2% à 20% dudit tripolyphosphate de métal alcalin ou d'ammonium sous une forme telle que sa solubilité est retardée quand la composition est ajoutée à de l'eau pour former une solution de lavage, le rapport du poids dudit orthophosphate audit tripolyphosphate étant compris entre 3/1 et 1/3; facultativement pas plus de 20% d'additifs de détergence non-phosphate ou d'agents séquestrants; facultativement pas plus de 25% de savon; et facultativement un ou plus ingrédients choisis parmi des activateurs de mousse, des agents anti- redéposition, des agents libérant de l'oxygéne, des activateurs de blanchiment per-acides, des agents de blanchiment libérant du chlore, des agents adoucissants textiles, des sels inorganiques, des agents fluorescents, des parfums, des enzymes, des germicides et des colorants.
EP80303778A 1979-10-26 1980-10-24 Procédé et composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus Expired EP0028894B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80303778T ATE4333T1 (de) 1979-10-26 1980-10-24 Verfahren zum waschen von textilmaterialien und waschmittelzusammensetzung dafuer.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7937166 1979-10-26
GB7937166 1979-10-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0028894A1 EP0028894A1 (fr) 1981-05-20
EP0028894B1 true EP0028894B1 (fr) 1983-07-27

Family

ID=10508779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80303778A Expired EP0028894B1 (fr) 1979-10-26 1980-10-24 Procédé et composition détergente pour le lavage des tissus

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0028894B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5673164A (fr)
AT (1) ATE4333T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU542093B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8006871A (fr)
CA (1) CA1137384A (fr)
DE (1) DE3064438D1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA806488B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3271270D1 (en) * 1981-11-16 1986-06-26 Unilever Nv Liquid detergent composition
DE4438850A1 (de) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-09 Henkel Kgaa Feste Wertstoffzubereitungen für die mehrstufige Textilwäsche
DE10138283A1 (de) * 2001-08-10 2003-03-06 Henkel Kgaa Waschverfahren

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL178956C (nl) * 1952-06-11 Hartmann Foerdertech Inrichting voor het opgraven en omhoog voeren van stortgoed.
BE575700A (fr) * 1958-02-26
JPS51109003A (ja) * 1975-02-20 1976-09-27 Procter & Gamble Saitekisenjoseiomotsuteihosufueetoganryono garasushitsuhosufueetokeisenzaisoseibutsu
GB1530799A (en) * 1975-08-28 1978-11-01 Unilever Ltd Detergent compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA806488B (en) 1982-05-26
DE3064438D1 (en) 1983-09-01
CA1137384A (fr) 1982-12-14
AU6368980A (en) 1981-04-30
JPS5673164A (en) 1981-06-17
EP0028894A1 (fr) 1981-05-20
AU542093B2 (en) 1985-02-07
BR8006871A (pt) 1981-04-28
ATE4333T1 (de) 1983-08-15

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