EP0026511B1 - Method for manufacturing a composite barrel - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a composite barrel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0026511B1
EP0026511B1 EP80200826A EP80200826A EP0026511B1 EP 0026511 B1 EP0026511 B1 EP 0026511B1 EP 80200826 A EP80200826 A EP 80200826A EP 80200826 A EP80200826 A EP 80200826A EP 0026511 B1 EP0026511 B1 EP 0026511B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel
manufacturing
des
une
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80200826A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0026511A2 (en
EP0026511A3 (en
Inventor
Pierre Van Der Wielen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FN Herstal SA
Original Assignee
FN Herstal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FN Herstal SA filed Critical FN Herstal SA
Priority to AT80200826T priority Critical patent/ATE4393T1/en
Publication of EP0026511A2 publication Critical patent/EP0026511A2/en
Publication of EP0026511A3 publication Critical patent/EP0026511A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0026511B1 publication Critical patent/EP0026511B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/02Composite barrels, i.e. barrels having multiple layers, e.g. of different materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composite gun.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing such a gun, the latter consisting of three superimposed layers without solutions of continuity.
  • a satisfactory method consists, in accordance with the invention, of threading three tubes, each intended to form one of the above-mentioned layers, and co-hammering them on the mandrel until all solution of continuity between said tubes disappears.
  • a striped mandrel will be used for co-hammering, which makes it possible to obtain a striped blank and thereby reduces the manufacturing costs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

This barrel is characterized in that it comprises three layers superimposed without any break in continuity of surface contact between layers, namely: an internal layer of a refractory material; a core layer of a material the mechanical strength of which is higher than about 250 MPa at 900 DEG and an external layer of an alloyed steel. The invention relates also to a process for the manufacture of such barrel.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un canon composite.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composite gun.

Les armes automatiques sont des mécanismes dont les sous-ensembles et les pièces constitutives sont soumis à des contraintes de fonctionnement sévères. Il en est particulièrement ainsi des canons et tout spécialement des canons des armes utilisées à des cadences très élevées, tels que les canons des mitrailleuses. Dans ce cas, le métal du canon est sollicité mécaniquement alors qu'il est maintenu à une température relativement élevée et en tous cas supérieure à 500 °C. Cette élévation de la température est due à la combustion de la poudre propulsive et aux frottements. L'énergie disponible sert principalement à mouvoir le projectile, mais une fraction non négligeable de cette énergie est transformée en chaleur qui est dissipée vers l'extérieur au travers du métal du canon qui s'échauffe fortement. En fait, les contraintes peuvent être résumées de la façon suivante :

  • l'érosion et la corrosion par les gaz de combustion de la poudre propulsive ;
  • la fatigue thermique due aux sollicitations mécaniques répétées à température élevée ;
  • la friction provoquée par le passage du projectile qui, partant d'une vitesse nulle, acquiert une vitesse de plusieurs centaines de m/sec. en une milliseconde ;
  • une pression Interne de plusieurs milliers de bars qui induit dans le canon des tensions mécaniques Importantes mais de courte durée.
Automatic weapons are mechanisms whose sub-assemblies and constituent parts are subjected to severe operating constraints. This is particularly the case with cannons and especially with the cannons of weapons used at very high rates, such as the guns of machine guns. In this case, the metal of the barrel is mechanically stressed while it is maintained at a relatively high temperature and in any case greater than 500 ° C. This rise in temperature is due to the combustion of the propellant powder and to friction. The available energy is mainly used to move the projectile, but a non-negligible fraction of this energy is transformed into heat which is dissipated towards the outside through the metal of the barrel which heats up strongly. In fact, the constraints can be summarized as follows:
  • erosion and corrosion by the combustion gases of the propellant powder;
  • thermal fatigue due to repeated mechanical stresses at high temperature;
  • the friction caused by the passage of the projectile which, starting from a zero speed, acquires a speed of several hundred m / sec. in a millisecond;
  • an internal pressure of several thousand bars which induces significant but short-lived mechanical tensions in the barrel.

Ces phénomènes sont bien connus des spécialistes et ils ont tenté par divers moyens de trouver des solutions à ce problème complexe, car si les aciers alliés (matériaux généralement utilisés pour la confection des canons) permettent aux armes de fonctionner correctement à des cadences relativement faibles, ils n'autorisent pas l'application de cadences élevées pendant un laps de temps raisonnable. Il en découle que la vie d'un canon en acier utilisé à des cadences élevées est relativement brève. On peut donc dire qu'il existe un besoin réel de disposer d'un canon permettant le tir à cadences élevées avec une durée de vie acceptable dans ces conditions. Ce canon devrait en fait présenter les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • une résistance mécanique élevée à température ambiante et à 900 °C ;
  • une bonne résilience jusqu'à - 60 °C ;
  • un coefficient de frottement faible vis-à-vis des matériaux utilisés comme enveloppe des projectiles même à des températures de l'ordre de 1000°C;
  • une résistance appréciable à la corrosion par les gaz de combustion des poudres propulsives ;
  • une faible susceptibilité à la fatigue thermique ;
  • une conductivité thermique importante ;
  • une bonne aptitude à la mise à forme à l'aide des équipements classiques permettant de réaliser sans difficultés majeures le rayage interne et l'usinage externe.
These phenomena are well known to specialists and they have attempted by various means to find solutions to this complex problem, because if alloy steels (materials generally used for making cannons) allow weapons to function correctly at relatively low rates, they do not allow the application of high rates for a reasonable period of time. It follows that the life of a steel cannon used at high rates is relatively short. It can therefore be said that there is a real need to have a cannon allowing firing at high rates with an acceptable lifetime under these conditions. This gun should in fact have the following characteristics:
  • high mechanical strength at room temperature and 900 ° C;
  • good resilience down to - 60 ° C;
  • a low coefficient of friction with respect to the materials used as the casing of the projectiles even at temperatures of the order of 1000 ° C;
  • appreciable resistance to corrosion by the gases of propellant powders;
  • low susceptibility to thermal fatigue;
  • high thermal conductivity;
  • good formability using conventional equipment allowing internal scratching and external machining to be carried out without major difficulties.

Le but de l'invention est de fournir un procédé de fabrication d'un tel canon, ce dernier étant constitué de trois couches superposées sans solutions de continuité.The object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing such a gun, the latter consisting of three superimposed layers without solutions of continuity.

Des matériaux convenant à la réalisation d'un tel canon sont par exemple :

  • - pour la couche interne, le chrome, le tungstène, le niobium, le carbure de tungstène et similaires ou des alliages de ceux-ci ;
  • - pour la couche médiane, des alliages à base de cobalt tels qu'utilisés entre autres dans la construction des turbo-réacteurs ;
  • - pour la couche externe, des aciers alliés, par exemple au chrome-molybdène d'un usinage relativement aisé.
Materials suitable for making such a cannon are for example:
  • - for the inner layer, chromium, tungsten, niobium, tungsten carbide and the like or alloys thereof;
  • - for the middle layer, cobalt-based alloys as used inter alia in the construction of turbo-reactors;
  • - For the outer layer, alloy steels, for example chromium-molybdenum of relatively easy machining.

L'absence de solutions de continuité est essentielle, sans quoi existeraient des points chauds conduisant à des destructions prématurées. Des essais ont démontré que la superposition de couches tubulaires par frettage ou assemblage mécanique laissait apparaître des discontinuités d'épaisseur, malgré toutes les précautions prises pour les éviter. Or, une discontinuité d'épaisseur inférieure à 0,01 mm est suffisante pour créer un point chaud et conduire à une destruction prématurée.The absence of continuity solutions is essential, without which there would be hot spots leading to premature destruction. Tests have shown that the superimposition of tubular layers by shrinking or mechanical assembly reveals thickness discontinuities, despite all the precautions taken to avoid them. However, a discontinuity of thickness less than 0.01 mm is sufficient to create a hot spot and lead to premature destruction.

Un procédé satisfaisant consiste, conformément à l'invention, à enfiler trois tubes, destinés chacun à former l'une des couches susdites, et à les co-marteler sur mandrin jusqu'à disparition de toute solution de continuité entre lesdits tubes.A satisfactory method consists, in accordance with the invention, of threading three tubes, each intended to form one of the above-mentioned layers, and co-hammering them on the mandrel until all solution of continuity between said tubes disappears.

L'absence de solutions de continuité peut facilement être vérifiée par examen au microscope de coupes longitudinales ou radiales du canon. Cependant, cette méthode destructive ne s'applique pas au contrôle de la fabrication. Dans ce cas, les examens sont réalisés par radiographie ou radioscopie ou encore par les techniques ultra-soniques.The absence of continuity solutions can easily be verified by microscopic examination of longitudinal or radial sections of the barrel. However, this destructive method does not apply to manufacturing control. In this case, the examinations are carried out by radiography or radioscopy or by ultra-sonic techniques.

On utilisera avantageusement un mandrin rayé pour le co-martelage, ce qui permet d'obtenir une ébauche rayée et réduit de ce fait les coûts de fabrication.Advantageously, a striped mandrel will be used for co-hammering, which makes it possible to obtain a striped blank and thereby reduces the manufacturing costs.

L'essai a démontré que la vie du canon composite déterminée sur la base d'un critère de précision de tir, était trois fois plus élevée que celle du canon conventionnel.The test demonstrated that the life of the composite gun, determined on the basis of a firing accuracy criterion, was three times higher than that of the conventional gun.

Claims (3)

1. Procedure to manufacture a composite barrel composed of three superposed layers, consisting of sliding into each other three tubes, each destined to form one of the above layers and of co-hammering them on a mandrel, featuring that this co-hammering is carried on until any continuity solution between said tubes has disappeared.
2. Procedure according to claim 1, featuring the use of a striated mandrel.
3. Procedure according to claim 1, featuring that the materials to be co-hammered are selected so as to show elasticity characteristics of equal magnitude.
EP80200826A 1979-09-26 1980-09-03 Method for manufacturing a composite barrel Expired EP0026511B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80200826T ATE4393T1 (en) 1979-09-26 1980-09-03 PROCEDURE FOR MAKING A COMPOUND BARREL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2058100 1979-09-26
BE2/58100A BE878999A (en) 1979-09-26 1979-09-26 COMPOSITE GUN AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026511A2 EP0026511A2 (en) 1981-04-08
EP0026511A3 EP0026511A3 (en) 1981-11-11
EP0026511B1 true EP0026511B1 (en) 1983-08-03

Family

ID=3865475

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80200826A Expired EP0026511B1 (en) 1979-09-26 1980-09-03 Method for manufacturing a composite barrel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4409881A (en)
EP (1) EP0026511B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE4393T1 (en)
BE (1) BE878999A (en)
DE (1) DE3064492D1 (en)
IL (1) IL60981A (en)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE878999A (en) * 1979-09-26 1980-03-26 Herstal Sa COMPOSITE GUN AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
DE3122316C2 (en) * 1981-06-05 1992-08-27 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München Bullet barrel made of ceramic material
US4577431A (en) * 1984-05-02 1986-03-25 General Electric Company Wear resistant gun barrel and method of forming
US4669212A (en) * 1984-10-29 1987-06-02 General Electric Company Gun barrel for use at high temperature
US5341719A (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-08-30 General Electric Company Multi-layer composite gun barrel
US5928799A (en) * 1995-06-14 1999-07-27 Ultramet High temperature, high pressure, erosion and corrosion resistant composite structure
US7964192B1 (en) * 1997-12-02 2011-06-21 Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Prevention and treatment of amyloidgenic disease
SE516130C2 (en) * 1999-03-15 2001-11-19 Damasteel Ab Substance for metal product, process for making metal product and metal product
US6520360B1 (en) 2001-10-19 2003-02-18 Miner Enterprises, Inc Housing for draft gear
US7922065B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2011-04-12 Ati Properties, Inc. Corrosion resistant fluid conducting parts, methods of making corrosion resistant fluid conducting parts and equipment and parts replacement methods utilizing corrosion resistant fluid conducting parts
US7921590B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2011-04-12 Strum, Ruger & Company, Inc. Composite firearm barrel reinforcement
US20100236122A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2010-09-23 Fonte Matthew V Flowforming Gun Barrels and Similar Tubular Devices
US8910409B1 (en) 2010-02-09 2014-12-16 Ati Properties, Inc. System and method of producing autofrettage in tubular components using a flowforming process
IT1402399B1 (en) * 2010-10-21 2013-09-04 Protec Surface Technologies S R L PERFECT CANE.
US8869443B2 (en) 2011-03-02 2014-10-28 Ati Properties, Inc. Composite gun barrel with outer sleeve made from shape memory alloy to dampen firing vibrations
US10118259B1 (en) 2012-12-11 2018-11-06 Ati Properties Llc Corrosion resistant bimetallic tube manufactured by a two-step process
US9546837B1 (en) 2015-10-09 2017-01-17 Bh5773 Ltd Advanced gun barrel
US11306989B2 (en) * 2019-08-15 2022-04-19 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Devices and methods for extraction of high pressure cartridge casings

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US464978A (en) * 1891-12-15 Reinhard mannesmann
CH2479A (en) * 1890-06-16 1890-11-15 Reinhard Jun Mannesmann Barrel or barrel for firearms
US1792082A (en) * 1926-01-13 1931-02-10 Chemical Treat Company Inc Metallic coating and process of producing the same
US2498052A (en) * 1946-01-05 1950-02-21 Nicol H Smith Method of retarding erosion of gun barrels
US2792657A (en) * 1946-05-16 1957-05-21 Battelle Development Corp Gun barrel coated with tantalum
US2799959A (en) * 1947-06-11 1957-07-23 Elburt F Osborn Nitrided gun barrel with chromium deposit
GB743111A (en) * 1949-10-06 1956-01-11 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to firearms
BE552004A (en) * 1952-10-24
CH347733A (en) * 1956-02-29 1960-07-15 Eidg Waffenfabrik Gun barrel, in particular for automatic weapons, and process for the production thereof
US3442172A (en) * 1959-03-13 1969-05-06 Fansteel Inc Gun barrel liner
US3261121A (en) * 1961-10-13 1966-07-19 Joseph R Eves Gun barrel with explosively welded liner
BE878999A (en) * 1979-09-26 1980-03-26 Herstal Sa COMPOSITE GUN AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL60981A (en) 1983-05-15
EP0026511A2 (en) 1981-04-08
ATE4393T1 (en) 1983-08-15
US4409881A (en) 1983-10-18
DE3064492D1 (en) 1983-09-08
EP0026511A3 (en) 1981-11-11
BE878999A (en) 1980-03-26

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