EP0023681B1 - Moulded block for constructing a shaft lining and shaft lining consisting of these moulded blocks and a method of constructing this shaft lining - Google Patents

Moulded block for constructing a shaft lining and shaft lining consisting of these moulded blocks and a method of constructing this shaft lining Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0023681B1
EP0023681B1 EP80104390A EP80104390A EP0023681B1 EP 0023681 B1 EP0023681 B1 EP 0023681B1 EP 80104390 A EP80104390 A EP 80104390A EP 80104390 A EP80104390 A EP 80104390A EP 0023681 B1 EP0023681 B1 EP 0023681B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pit structure
elements
parts
roof
floor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80104390A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0023681A1 (en
Inventor
Hubert Zimmer
Karl-Heinz Brümmer
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Deilmann Haniel GmbH
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Deilmann Haniel GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT80104390T priority Critical patent/ATE9729T1/en
Publication of EP0023681A1 publication Critical patent/EP0023681A1/en
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Publication of EP0023681B1 publication Critical patent/EP0023681B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D5/00Lining shafts; Linings therefor
    • E21D5/04Lining shafts; Linings therefor with brick, concrete, stone, or similar building materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaped body for producing a shaft structure and to the shaft structure consisting of shaped bodies of this type and further to a method for producing this shaft structure.
  • shaft structures also known as shaft lining for shafts in underground construction, as molded brickwork has long been known, as can be seen, for example, from DE-PS 270 528 and 488 522.
  • shaft lining for shafts in underground construction
  • molded brickwork has long been known, as can be seen, for example, from DE-PS 270 528 and 488 522.
  • These two publications refer to a shaft expansion using concrete shaped blocks, which are installed in the shaft tube from top to bottom.
  • a shaft structure to be produced from top to bottom from shaped bodies from FR-PS 488 409 is known, which is particularly used for lining wells, but is also recommended for other constructions, partitions and chimneys.
  • the provisional expansion is being carried out in batches, following the progress of the sinking as quickly as possible, on rings secured by rock anchors from bottom to top.
  • Anchors are formed from shaped stones that are connected to each other by dovetail-like approaches. These shaped stones have a very irregular geometric shape that has fifteen surfaces. On one side the shaped stones are provided with a dovetail-like design, while the other side surface is provided with a vertical face, a bevel and a narrow nose that jumps downwards. The nose is necessary in order to give the suspended form stone support; it can easily break off during transport and insertion. Since the molded block is three times as high on one side as on the other side, it also has a structurally very unfavorable shape and thus also a low strength. For these reasons, this proposal was not able to prevail in practice, but remained the same as before.
  • the FR-PS 448409 are for well chimneys, partitions and the like. Constructions recommended manufacturing methods of masonry from top to bottom, which can also be carried out without rods or other holding structures.
  • an upper support ring is provided, on which the uppermost row of vaulted stones forming a multi-part cylinder is suspended with its hook-like annular ribs.
  • the further rows of arch stones lying underneath are suspended, which is made possible by the fact that these hook ribs are directed downwards at the upper edge of the arch stones and upwards at the lower edge.
  • Steel reinforcement rings are inserted into the hook joints to create a sufficient wall bond.
  • Shaped bodies are provided for the production of flat masonry from top to bottom hen, which are provided on the front with their lower and upper part with projections.
  • These known moldings have flat side faces corresponding to two lines running parallel to one another in plan view and corresponding base and cover surfaces to lines parallel to lines at a distance from the height of the molded body, and they are mirror images of one another on the two end faces, in each case in right, blunt or pointed fashion Surface sections arranged at an angle are limited.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of remedying this deficiency and of specifying a shaped body suitable for the purpose of the lining of shafts progressing from top to bottom and a shaft structure formed therefrom and a method for producing the shaft structure.
  • the known proposals for producing a shaft masonry from top to bottom and the shaped stones provided for this purpose are not suitable for solving this task, and they cannot serve as a suggestion for finding an embodiment which meets the requirements.
  • the molded articles must be designed for high tensile and compressive loads and be as light as possible in terms of weight; they must also meet the high static requirements and be designed in such a way that they can be used from the inside of the shaft without difficulty. Furthermore, after the insertion of a complete ring in front of the connection to the mountains created by the subsequent backfilling, they have to form a compression-resistant, load-bearing compound without the need for special steel reinforcements or hanging devices.
  • the molded body according to the invention has the features that the two base and top surfaces in the side view, which run parallel to each other at a distance from the molded body height, rise slightly from the outside inwards and form an angle to the radial plane form and the two respective end face parts are separated from one another by curved or flat intermediate surfaces, and that the two surface parts form an acute angle in their leg regions by means of curved or flat intermediate surfaces to the adjacent base or cover surfaces.
  • a modified design of the molded body according to the invention still consists in the fact that it consists of two or more molded body sections which are angled to one another and that the two base and top surfaces in the side view, corresponding to the height of the molded body and running parallel to each other, run from the outside inwards ascendingly forming an acute angle and at both outer sections the respective frontal surface parts abut one another or are separated from one another by curved or flat intermediate surfaces, and that the two surface parts form an acute angle in their thigh regions or by means of curved or flat intermediate surfaces against the adjacent ground - or connect top surfaces.
  • a further design of the shaped body according to the invention for the manufacture of a shaft structure by the two side surfaces corresponding to one another in the plan view running parallel to one another and by two base and top surfaces running in parallel in the side view at a distance from the shaped body height and on the two end faces
  • a mirror image of each other is limited to the area parts arranged at right-angled, obtuse or acute-angled intersection lines, consists in the fact that in plan view it has cylindrical surfaces corresponding to two circular, concentrically curved lines, in the side view two corresponding cylindrical surfaces Distance parallel to each other inwards, a straight conical surface section forming a slightly increasing acute angle is limited as the base and top surfaces, and that the two end faces in each case abut one another or are separated from one another by curved or evenly extending intermediate faces, and that the two surface portions in their thigh areas form an acute angle or connect to the adjacent base or top surfaces by means of curved or flat intermediate surfaces.
  • the manhole structure formed from these moldings is characterized by the features that the individual smoothly running base and top surfaces have uninterrupted superposed, end-to-end moldings are mutually offset in horizontal planes by a part of the height of the molded body and the three molded bodies adjoining each other on the end face engage with one another by means of dovetail-shaped projections and recesses in their front-side boundary surfaces, the surfaces of the dovetail-shaped projections and recesses consisting of two surface parts which form a right, obtuse or acute angle to one another consist.
  • the molded-masonry structure created by means of the shaped bodies designed according to the invention in which all the shaped bodies are vertically unaltered one above the other, but offset alternately in horizontal planes and interlocked with one another on the end face by means of projections and depressions, enables this bond to be produced in a simple manner from top to bottom, because as a result of the alternating height-offset arrangement of the shaped bodies in a horizontal row, successively deeper, interrupted rings forming shaped bodies can be inserted or hung in by means of their projections into the gaps between two shaped bodies of the higher row. In this way, by inserting into the gaps between two shaped bodies of a horizontal row, the further row offset downward by a part of the shaped bodies can always be formed.
  • the surfaces of the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions of the shaped bodies consist of two surface parts which form a right, obtuse or acute angle to one another. It is not necessary for the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions to be sharply offset against one another and against the other boundary surfaces, but, according to the invention, it is also possible for the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped end-face boundary surfaces of the shaped bodies which form an angle to one another by means of curved surface sections in the intersection angle range pass over and run out in the outer thigh areas towards the base and top surfaces.
  • the two surface parts forming an angle to one another of the dovetail-shaped end boundary surfaces can be closed off by surface sections running in vertical planes in the cutting angle region of the shaped bodies and in the outer leg regions to the base and top surfaces.
  • both a preliminary and a final shaft expansion can be created;
  • lining the drilled shaft tube immediately following the sinking or drilling progress is basically suitable as an outer shell of the permanent lining. Therefore, this shell must be connected to the mountains with an appropriate backfill.
  • Several methods are known for this, in particular the spraying with backfill concrete of different quality classes.
  • backfilling both on the individual built-in molded bodies and on the molded body lining as a whole exerts a not inconsiderable pressure directed towards the interior of the shaft until the concrete solidifies. This strives locally to move the molded bodies out of their position towards the interior of the shaft.
  • suitable shaping of the surfaces of the molded bodies that are in contact with one another this can be counteracted in such a way that they are positively supported against the adjacent molded bodies, so that the ring composite is given greater inherent stability.
  • This support can be brought about, for example, in that, according to one feature of the invention, the surface parts of the two dovetail-shaped projections and recesses of the shaped bodies which form an angle to one another are rotated in opposite directions about the same-sized angular amounts about an axis running transversely to their common angular intersection line. In a modification of this, it is also possible for these surface parts to be rotated in the same direction about the same-sized angular amounts about the axis running transversely to their common angular intersection line.
  • each of the two surface parts forms an angle protrusions and depressions of the shaped bodies which form one another are separated from one another in two sub-areas which are offset from one another, and that the separating region forms a stop which runs transversely to their common angular intersection line.
  • the shaft structure designed according to the invention can be designed with different cross-sectional areas depending on the intended use. For this purpose, however, it is necessary to design the shaped bodies to be used for the selected cross section while maintaining their basic features, it being an advantage of the invention that only one shaped body design is required and each shaped stone is suitable as a keystone. Therefore, according to the invention, the shaft structure can be designed with a polygonal-ring-shaped or also with a circular-cylinder-ring-shaped plan cross-section. In the former case, the shaped bodies forming the shaft structure can have either trapezoidal base and top surfaces in plan view or side surfaces that are angled one or more times about vertical axes, while in the second case the shaped bodies are sectors of a circular cylinder ring in plan view.
  • the size of these intermediate gaps can be selected and determined by determining the dimensions of the shaped bodies.
  • these intermediate gaps can be filled with special inter-column shaped bodies before backfilling, which can be in one or more parts. If these inter-column shaped bodies have a cone that rises slightly from the outside inwards, it is also possible to wedge the shaped blocks against one another, so that the shaft structure is considerably strengthened in terms of its stability and inherent stability.
  • the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions which form an angle to one another and which delimit the shaped blocks on the end face are curved surfaces
  • the two boundary cutting lines, one of which is the angular cutting line of the Both surface parts and the others are the cutting line with the base and top surfaces of the shaped bodies, cut a pole beam running through the middle region between these boundary cutting lines at acute angles.
  • the interlocking dovetail-shaped projections and depressions act like a clamp and thus strengthen the positive connection between the end faces of the molded bodies.
  • the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions which form an angle to one another and which delimit the shaped blocks on the end face can be curved surfaces, the two boundary lines of intersection, one of which is the angular line of intersection of the two surface parts and the other the lines of intersection with the base and top surfaces of the shaped bodies are parallel to a pole beam running through the central region between these boundary lines of intersection on both sides at a distance from the center axis of the shaft structure.
  • the surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and recesses are curved, but run essentially parallel to a pole beam - to the center of the shaft structure, which results in a shape of the molded body which is very favorable in terms of statics and strength, and which also has manufacturing advantages.
  • the special feature is to be emphasized that the two pole beams run through the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and recesses rising towards the interior of the shaft.
  • these design options of the dovetail-shaped forehead can be limited surfaces with which the top and bottom surfaces can be combined in different ways.
  • the shape of the shaped body for the manufacture of a shaft structure depends on the selected geometric cross-sectional plan of the shaft structure. Accordingly, the basic shapes of the shaped bodies required for this can also be designed differently. For the polygonal-ring-shaped cross-section of the plan according to claims 11 and 12, two different basic shaped bodies come into consideration, depending on whether the position of the dovetail-shaped interlocking of the shaped bodies is placed in the region of the long sides of the polygon or in the polygon corners.
  • a circular-cylindrical-ring plan cross section according to claim 13 is used, in which the full cutting machine with its large drilling capacity can also be used particularly advantageously.
  • the shaped body provided for the production of the shaft structure with this cross section has side faces of curved sections of concentric circular shape in plan view and is otherwise defined by the features of claim 3.
  • the surface parts forming the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions can have concave or convex curvature profiles in the direction tangential to the side surfaces, the curvature of which can be progressively changed in the longitudinal direction of the surface.
  • the surface parts assigned to the pole beams and forming the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions can be tangentially concave or convexly curved.
  • the shaft structure according to the features of the invention can be used temporarily or permanently without a connection by means of a backfill to the mountains or soil, for example in civil engineering or hydraulic engineering for a wide variety of uses. In such cases, it may be necessary to give the shaped body masonry sufficient strength by mutually bracing the shaped body.
  • the molded body can be provided in the direction of its side surfaces and parallel to its base and cover surfaces with a continuous bore within its cross section which is at a distance from its base and cover surface, and further bores can be made in the same direction.
  • the shaft structure When using the shaft structure as a bunker helix in underground construction, only the circular cylindrical plan shape comes into consideration, and in this case it is possible according to the invention to provide the spiral gutter on the inside of the shaft during the manufacture of the shaped bodies.
  • the shaped body has a channel-like profiled profile which runs diagonally across the cylindrical surface facing the inside of the shaft, as a section of a bunker spiral channel, which is recessed or raised in relation to the surface of the shaped body.
  • the molded body according to the invention can preferably be produced as reinforced or prestressed concrete work; however, it can also consist of other materials or combinations of materials. Moldings made of plastics can also be considered for some uses in civil engineering or hydraulic engineering at relatively shallow depths, while moldings made of metal or steel materials can also be used, at least in certain, particularly heavily used sections of underground mining shafts.
  • the further invention relates to a method for producing the shaft structure according to one or more of claims 7 to 17 using the molded body according to claims 1 to 6. It is irrelevant whether the sinking of the shaft tube by means of conventional methods or the die - Or full-cut drilling process is produced, although the great advantages of the invention can be fully exploited, especially in the latter drilling processes.
  • an upper end of the molded body is first anchored in place so that there are spaces between the anchored molded bodies for the interlocking hanging of further molded bodies by means of their dovetail-shaped projections and depressions for the successive formation of new molded body rings from top to bottom, and that in order to connect the shaft structure to the mountains, the space between its outer casing and the shaft tube is filled in batches from top to bottom with a material that can be introduced and set in a paste or paste or liquid state.
  • the setting material can be backfill concrete. Other suitable mixtures can also be used.
  • the drawing shows exemplary embodiments of the shaft structure according to the invention and of the production method and of the shaped body for its production, which are explained in more detail below.
  • Fig. 1 a detail from the wall of a circular shaft structure is shown in a perspective view from the inside, which is made from the moldings according to the invention.
  • the base and cover surfaces 1 and 2 of the shaped bodies rise from the outside inwards at an angle ⁇ , and the intermediate gaps 10 between these base and cover surfaces also increase at an angle ⁇ .
  • the space 20 is free between two shaped bodies of the same row which are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the molded body A ' is inserted into this space in the radial direction from the inside to the outside; as a result of the angular inclination y, it descends during insertion. Because the molded article to be inserted takes up a higher position at the start of insertion, it is possible to insert it, even though the outer edges of the upper projections 5 have a wider extension than the opening space assigned to this level, as illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • These show horizontal sections according to the section line F-F '(upwards) and G-G' (downwards).
  • the moldings have smoothly running base and cover surfaces 1, 2 (FIG. 2) and are arranged in a staggered manner one above the other. They border on the end face in horizontal planes E, offset from one another by a part of the height of the shaped body. Each molded body adjoins two other molded bodies on its two end faces, so that three molded bodies with their projections 5 and depressions 6 always form an interlocking engagement.
  • the projections 5 and depressions 6 are dovetail-shaped in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the surface 7 'and 7 2 of the dovetail-shaped projections 5 and depressions 6 form an approximately right angle a to one another in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the geometric shape of a typical molded body according to the invention can be seen as an exemplary embodiment from FIG. 2.
  • the surface sections 7 ⁇ 7 2 forming the angle a with respect to one another are delimited from one another by the angle cut lines Y, which intersect with sharp edges in FIG. 2 and which also end with sharp edges corresponding to the angle cut lines Y ⁇ Y 2 towards the base and cover surfaces 1 and 2.
  • the latter like the course of the angular intersection lines Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , are inclined from the outside inwards, increasing by the angle.
  • the surface sections 7 1 and 7 2 of the dovetail-shaped end boundary surfaces can spatially emerge in different ways from the planes determined by the axes Z and X, X 'and X 2 . 2, the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 which are at an angle a to one another and form the dovetail-shaped boundary surfaces are rotated in the opposite direction by an angle about the axes Z. At the same time, the base and top surfaces 2 and 1 are inclined by the angle ⁇ in the direction of the shaft interior.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of the detail from the shaft structure or its wall according to FIG. 1.
  • the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 of the dovetail-shaped end boundary surfaces of the molded body can also merge into one another in the intersection angle region 6 by surface sections 9 running in vertical planes and in the outer leg regions 5 to the base and cover surfaces 2, 1 to be finished.
  • Such heels can also be incorporated into the dovetailed surfaces 7 1 and 7 2 in a modification of the embodiment shown.
  • each of the two surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 of the projections 5 and depressions 6 of the shaped bodies forming an angle to one another are offset in two from each other Separate sub-areas 7a and 7b.
  • the separating area between the offset partial surfaces forms a stop 7c running transversely to their common angular intersection line Y.
  • This embodiment is possible - see FIGS. 7 and 8 - both in the embodiments in which the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 merge into one another by means of curved surface sections in the cutting angle region 6 and in the outer leg regions 5, as well as in the embodiments (illustrated in FIG .
  • FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the interlocking of the adjoining surfaces 9 and their support by means of stop surfaces 9a.
  • the shaft masonry can have different symmetrical or asymmetrical layout cross sections; For example, an octagonal polygon plan cross section is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. 9, the molded bodies A have flat side surfaces 3, 4 and trapezoidal base and top surfaces, while in the example according to FIG. 10 the molded bodies A are angled about a vertical axis and also flat side surfaces 3, 4 have, which form the polygon angle of the octagon of 135 ° to each other.
  • FIG. 11 shows the top view of a wall section of the shaft structure according to FIG. 3, in which a modified design of the shaped bodies is used in the manner described for FIGS. 2 and 4, in which the surfaces 9 running in vertical planes between the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 are also rotated out of their normal position about the axes Z and are inclined at an angle with respect to the X axes so that the straight lines applied to the surfaces correspond to the axes Y, Y 1 and Y 2 .
  • FIG. 12 and 13 show partial cross sections through the wall of the shaft structure.
  • the intermediate gaps 10 between the superimposed shaped bodies rise at an angle ⁇ towards the interior of the shaft.
  • the molded block A 'to be introduced is shown in dash-dotted lines in its position before insertion. After insertion in the direction of the arrow, it assumes the position shown in FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 16 and 17 illustrate design possibilities of shaped bodies with a channel-like profiled section running as a section of a bunker spiral channel, which extends over the cylindrical surface facing the inside of the shaft and is helically wound.
  • a circular cylindrical shaft cross section for example into eight shaped blocks, it is sufficient to produce eight different shaped blocks which, when put together, result in a full helix which has a slope equal to a shaped body height.
  • any other slope can also be produced by appropriate design.
  • FIG. 16 shows an embodiment with a raised channel, while the molded body according to FIG. 17 has a channel which is partially recessed.
  • the seal consists of a flexible hose-like structure 25, which may be provided with a pressed-in setting material or else can be filled with a pasty, soft, easily deformable natural or plastic and sealingly abuts the outer casing 22 of the manhole structure and the surface of the manhole 23.
  • the seal 25 is held in position by the support device 29 by means of holders 30 until the backfill has set.
  • the carrying device 29 is formed from movable individual segments 28 which are arranged below the work platform 27.
  • FIG. 19 shows another procedure for sealing the intermediate space 21 between the shaft tube 23 and the shaft structure outer casing 22.
  • a carrying device 29 is inserted into the intermediate space 21, and a foamable plastic mass, e.g. B. polyurethane injected.
  • the carrying device has the task of preventing the injected plastic compound from sinking down into the free space during foaming until it solidifies.
  • the holding device 29 is lowered again and drawn into the area of the work platform 27. The backfill can then be carried out by pouring or injecting the backfill concrete.
  • FIG. 20 Another modified procedure is shown in FIG. 20.
  • a retractable and extendable and liftable and lowerable support device 33, 34 arranged on the work platform 27, 35 is shown, to which an annular hose 32 made of flexible, elastic, impermeable material is attached and fastened.
  • the ring hose 32 is then inflated by pressing in a gaseous or liquid pressure medium, so that it lies sealingly against the shaft tube 23 and the shaft structure outer jacket 22.
  • the backfill is then carried out.
  • the seal can be removed by emptying the pressure medium from the ring hose 32 and this can be removed from the annular space 21 by means of the carrying device 33, 34, 35 and used again in the next backfill section.
  • the carrying device consists of individual segments arranged on the work platform 27. These are designed as telescopes 33 for extending in radial directions and as further telescopes 34 arranged in the vertical direction for vertically entering the sealing position in the annular space 21.
  • the mode of operation explained in more detail above, shown in FIG. 20, combines several advantages.
  • the sealing hose 32 can be used again and again and remains on the carrying device; this is therefore only lowered by means of the work platform 27 or a special stage, not shown here. This creates the free space for inserting the next and the further shaped body rings by means of manipulation devices (not shown). If a new paragraph is to be backfilled, only the carrying device is moved with the sealing tube 32 upwards into the sealing position - see FIG. 20. After the sealing has inflated, the next backfilling process can be initiated immediately.
  • the intermediate gap 10 is filled with a filler 36, which is designed as a wedge with a slight slope.
  • the filler 36 can be made from the material of the molded body, or else from a somewhat softer and more elastic material.
  • Foil-like inserts 37 made of a pressure-resistant but elastically or plastically deformable material are inserted between the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 of the interlocking interfaces.
  • Plastic polymers or PTFE-based plastics come into consideration as materials for these inserts 37. These inserts not only achieve a certain sealing effect. Mainly, such inserts can also distribute the deformation forces from the rock pressure, which are effective on the molded body composite, more evenly and elastically over the individual molded bodies.
  • the moldings according to the invention, as well as the shaft structure according to the invention and the procedure for its manufacture, can be modified and redesigned beyond the embodiments shown and described above only, whereby the basic idea is always, with a positive interlocking of three moldings with their front sides Covering surfaces to create a possibility for easy insertion of more and more molded articles from the inside in such a way that the gaps which form downwards and are delimited by two protrusions adjacent to each other rise obliquely from the outside inwards and that all the molded article rings hang together from top to bottom .
  • the invention is not limited to mining shaft structures for underground mining. In the same way, it can be used for all vertical shafts that occur, for example for ventilation shafts of tunnels and tunnel sections, or for other civil engineering shafts, such as Well shafts and the like more. In these cases, too, considerable savings in technical outlay and considerable time savings result when using the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

1. An element for a pit structure bounded by two sides (3, 4) arranged like two lines running parallel if viewed from the top and a roof (1) and a floor (2) arranged like two lines running parallel and separated by a distance equal to the height of said element if viewed from the side and mirror-inverted dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) at the two faces of said element, said juts and recesses consisting of parts forming right, obtuse or acute angles (alpha) between each other characterized in that said roof (1) and said floor (2) arranged like two parallel lines separated by a distance equal to the height of said element if viewed from the side rise from the outside to the inside forming an acute angle (beta) and in that the two face parts (7**1 , 7**2 ) join or are separated by curved (8) or straight (9) intermediate parts and in that the extreme legs of said two face parts (7**1 , 7**2 ) form an acute angle (gamma) or are connected to the adjacent floor (2) or roof (1) by means of said curved or straight parts (8, 9).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Formkörper zur Herstellung eines Schachtbauwerks sowie auf das aus Formkörpern dieser Art bestehende Schachtbauwerk und ferner auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Schachtbauwerks.The invention relates to a shaped body for producing a shaft structure and to the shaft structure consisting of shaped bodies of this type and further to a method for producing this shaft structure.

Die Ausbildung von Schachtbauwerken, bei Schächten im Untertagebau auch als Schachtauskleidung bezeichnet, als Formkörper-Mauerwerk ist seit langem bekannt, wie beispielsweise aus den DE-PS 270 528 und 488 522 hervorgeht. Diese beiden Druckschriften beziehen sich auf einen Schachtausbau mittels Beton-Formsteinen, der hängend von oben nach unten in die Schachtröhre eingebaut wird.The formation of shaft structures, also known as shaft lining for shafts in underground construction, as molded brickwork has long been known, as can be seen, for example, from DE-PS 270 528 and 488 522. These two publications refer to a shaft expansion using concrete shaped blocks, which are installed in the shaft tube from top to bottom.

Ferner ist ein ebenfalls von oben nach unten herzustellendes Schachtbauwerk aus Formkörpern aus der FR-PS 488 409 bekannt, welches besonders zur Ausmauerung von Brunnenschächten dient, jedoch auch für andere Konstruktionen, Zwischenwände und Schornsteine empfohlen wird.Furthermore, a shaft structure to be produced from top to bottom from shaped bodies from FR-PS 488 409 is known, which is particularly used for lining wells, but is also recommended for other constructions, partitions and chimneys.

' Beim Abteufen von Schächten war es schon immer erforderlich, dem Abteuffortschritt folgend zunächst eine vorläufige Schachtauskleidung einzubringen, um die tiefer auf der Abteufbühne arbeitenden Bergleute vor den Gefahren durch herabfallendes Gestein oder durch Wassereinbrüche zu schützen. Der vorläufige Ausbau muss je nach Art des anstehenden Gebirges verschiedenartigen Anforderungen entsprechen, um diese Schutzfunktion so lange zu erfüllen, bis nach Beendigung der Abteufarbeiten und Fertigstellung der Schachtröhre die endgültige Auskleidung eingebracht werden kann.'' When sinking shafts, it was always necessary to install a temporary shaft lining in order to protect the miners working lower on the sinking platform from the dangers of falling rocks or water ingress. The provisional expansion must meet various requirements depending on the type of rock to be fulfilled in order to fulfill this protective function until the final lining can be installed after completion of the sinking work and completion of the shaft pipe.

In standfestem und wasserfreiem Gestein, welches in den oberen Schichten bis ca. 400 m praktisch selten anzutreffen ist, genügt beim derzeitigen Stand der Technik als vorläufiger Ausbau im allgemeinen eine Auskleidung mittels Maschendraht, die von Gebirgsankern gehalten ist; falls erforderlich, wird noch eine Deckschicht aus Spritzbeton eingebracht. Dagegen bedarf es im wasserführenden Deckgebirge eines ein- oder zweischaligen Betonausbaues mit einer Wasserabdichtung aus geschweisster Kunststoffolie. Hohen Anforderungen muss schon der vorläufige Ausbau in nichtstandfestem und wasserführendem Gebirge entsprechen. In je nach den Erfordernissen unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzungen werden bei Anwendung des üblichen Gefrierverfahrens von aussen nach innen in mehrere Schichten ein Frostmantel, ein Betonsteinmauerwerk mit Flachspanzwischenlagen, eine Asphaltfuge, ein Stahlmantel und schliesslich ein Stahlbetonausbau angeordnet.In stable and water-free rock, which is practically seldom found in the upper layers up to approx. 400 m, in the current state of the art, a preliminary expansion is generally sufficient with a wire mesh lining held by rock anchors; if necessary, a top layer of shotcrete is added. In contrast, a one or two-shell concrete lining with a water seal made of welded plastic film is required in the water-bearing overburden. The preliminary expansion in non-stable and water-bearing mountains must meet high requirements. In different compositions depending on the requirements, using the usual freezing process from the outside in to a layer, a frost jacket, a concrete stone masonry with flat chip layers, an asphalt joint, a steel jacket and finally a reinforced concrete lining are arranged.

Der vorläufige Ausbau wird absatzweise, dem Abteuffortschritt so rasch als möglich folgend, sich auf mittels Gebirgsankern gesicherten Ringen abstützend von unten nach oben eingebracht.The provisional expansion is being carried out in batches, following the progress of the sinking as quickly as possible, on rings secured by rock anchors from bottom to top.

Dabei entsteht noch die Schwierigkeit, den jeweils unteren Abschnitt an den schon vorhandenen oberen Ausbau fugenlos und wasserdicht anzuschliessen.This creates the difficulty of connecting the lower section seamlessly and watertight to the existing upper expansion.

Um diesen Schwierigkeiten zu begegnen und die Schachtauskleidung dem Abteuffortschritt in geringem Abstand folgen zu lassen, wurden bereits Verfahren vorgeschlagen, die Auskleidung von oben nach unten fortschreitend dadurch einzubringen, dass diese aus Formsteinen gebildet wird, welche untereinander hängend befestigt werden. Nach der beispielsweise erwähnten DE-PS 488 522 geschieht dies dadurch, dass an einem in den Schacht kragenden Betonring vertikal nach unten hängende Stangen befestigt werden, die an ihren unteren Enden Auflageplatten besitzen, auf welche die einen geschlossenen Ring bildenden Formsteine aufgeschoben werden. An den unteren Enden der Stangen sind weitere Stangen befestigt, in die der nächste aus Formsteinen gebildete Ring eingehängt wird, und so fort. Diese Verfahrensweise konnte sich wegen ihrer Kompliziertheit in die Praxis nicht einführen.In order to counter these difficulties and to allow the shaft lining to follow the progress of the sinking at a short distance, methods have already been proposed for progressively introducing the lining from top to bottom by forming it from shaped blocks which are attached to one another in a hanging manner. According to DE-PS 488 522 mentioned for example, this is done by attaching vertically downward hanging rods to a cantilevered concrete ring, which have support plates at their lower ends, onto which the shaped stones forming a closed ring are pushed. At the lower ends of the rods, further rods are attached, in which the next ring formed from shaped stones is hung, and so on. This procedure could not be implemented in practice due to its complexity.

Eine andere bekanntgewordene Verfahrensweise zum Einbringen einer hängenden Auskleidung von oben nach unten nach der DE-PS 270 528 ohne Zuhilfenahme von Stangen od.dgl. Verankerungen ist aus Formsteinen gebildet, die untereinander durch schwalbenschwanzartige Ansätze zusammenhängen. Diese Formsteine besitzen eine sehr unregelmässige geometrische Form, die fünfzehn Flächen aufweist. Auf der einen Seite sind die Formsteine mit einer schwalbenschwanz- ähnlichen Gestaltung versehen, während die andere Seitenfläche mit einer vertikalen Stirnseite, einer Abschrägung und einer nach unten springenden schmalen Nase versehen ist. Die Nase ist erforderlich, um dem untergehängten Formstein Halt zu verleihen; sie kann beim Transport und beim Einsetzen leicht abbrechen. Da der Formstein auf der einen Seite dreimal so hoch wie auf der anderen Seite ist, weist er auch eine statisch sehr ungünstige Form und damit auch eine geringe Festigkeit auf. Wohl aus diesen Gründen konnte sich auch dieser Vorschlag in der Praxis nicht durchsetzen, sondern es blieb bei der bisherigen Verfahrensweise.Another method known for introducing a hanging lining from top to bottom according to DE-PS 270 528 or the like without the use of rods. Anchors are formed from shaped stones that are connected to each other by dovetail-like approaches. These shaped stones have a very irregular geometric shape that has fifteen surfaces. On one side the shaped stones are provided with a dovetail-like design, while the other side surface is provided with a vertical face, a bevel and a narrow nose that jumps downwards. The nose is necessary in order to give the suspended form stone support; it can easily break off during transport and insertion. Since the molded block is three times as high on one side as on the other side, it also has a structurally very unfavorable shape and thus also a low strength. For these reasons, this proposal was not able to prevail in practice, but remained the same as before.

Durch die FR-PS 448409 sind für Brunnenschächte-Schornsteine, Zwischenwände ud.dgl. Konstruktionen empfohlene Herstellungsmethoden eines Mauerwerks von oben nach unten bekanntgeworden, die ebenfalls ohne Stangen oder sonstige Haltekonstruktionen ausführbar sind. Für kreisrundes Schachtmauerwerk ist ein oberer Tragkranz vorgesehen, an dem die oberste, einen mehrteiligen Zylinder bildende Reihe von Gewölbesteinen mit ihren hakenartigen ringförmigen Rippen eingehängt ist. In gleicher Weise mittels dieser ringförmigen hakenartigen Rippen werden jeweils die darunterliegenden weiteren Reihen von Gewölbesteinen untergehängt, was dadurch ermöglicht wird, dass diese Hakenrippen an der Oberkante der Gewölbesteine nach unten und an der Unterkante nach oben gerichtet sind. Zur Herstellung eines ausreichenden Mauerverbundes werden Stahl-Verstärkungsringe in die Haken-Fugen eingelegt.The FR-PS 448409 are for well chimneys, partitions and the like. Constructions recommended manufacturing methods of masonry from top to bottom, which can also be carried out without rods or other holding structures. For circular shaft masonry, an upper support ring is provided, on which the uppermost row of vaulted stones forming a multi-part cylinder is suspended with its hook-like annular ribs. In the same way, by means of these ring-shaped hook-like ribs, the further rows of arch stones lying underneath are suspended, which is made possible by the fact that these hook ribs are directed downwards at the upper edge of the arch stones and upwards at the lower edge. Steel reinforcement rings are inserted into the hook joints to create a sufficient wall bond.

Für die Herstellung von ebenem Mauerwerk von oben nach unten sind Formkörper vorgesehen, die stirnseitig an ihrem unteren und oberen Teil mit Vorsprüngen versehen sind. Diese bekannten Formkörperweisen in der Draufsicht zwei parallel zueinander verlaufenden Linien entsprechende ebene Seitenflächen und in der Seitenansicht im Abstand der Formkörperhöhe parallelen Linien entsprechende Grund- und Deckflächen auf, und sie sind an den beiden Stirnseiten durch spiegelbildlich zueinander, jeweils zueinander in rechten, stumpfen oder spitzen Winkeln verlaufenden Winkelschnittlinien angeordnete Flächenteile begrenzt.Shaped bodies are provided for the production of flat masonry from top to bottom hen, which are provided on the front with their lower and upper part with projections. These known moldings have flat side faces corresponding to two lines running parallel to one another in plan view and corresponding base and cover surfaces to lines parallel to lines at a distance from the height of the molded body, and they are mirror images of one another on the two end faces, in each case in right, blunt or pointed fashion Surface sections arranged at an angle are limited.

In jüngster Zeit hatsich das Abteufen nach dem Schachtbohrverfahren auf Vorbohrloch eingeführt. Durch diese Verfahrensweise wird die Abteufgeschwindigkeit ganz erheblich gesteigert. Ferner kann auch der gesamte Schachtquerschnitt mittels einer Vollschnittmaschine ähnlich wie beim Auffahren von horizontalen Stollen und Tunnelstrecken gebohrt werden. Dieses Vollschnittverfahren wurde erstmalig beim Abteufen eines Blindschachtes angewandt («Glückauf» 115 (1979) Nr. 9, S. 379 re. Sp. Abs. 1), und es erscheint künftig auch möglich, diese Verfahren auch zum Abteufen von Tagesschächten, möglicherweise auch im nichtstandfesten, wasserführenden Gebirge einzusetzen.In recent times, sinking into the pre-drilled hole has been introduced. This procedure significantly increases the sinking speed. Furthermore, the entire shaft cross-section can be drilled using a full-cut machine, similar to when driving up horizontal tunnels and tunnel sections. This full-cut method was used for the first time when sinking a blind shaft («Glückauf» 115 (1979) No. 9, p. 379 right, para. 1), and in the future it also appears possible that this method may also be used to sink day shafts use in non-stable, water-bearing mountains.

Es liegt auf der Hand, dass dabei zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten zu überwinden sind. Hierzu gehört auch das Problem, den Ausbau dem Bohrfortschritt unmittelbar folgend auf einfache Weise von oben nach unten einzubringen. Auf diese Aufgabe haben in allgemeiner Form Vassen und Knickmeyer in («Glückauf 115 (1979) Nr. 9, S. 387li. Sp.) mit dem Hinweis aufmerksam gemacht, dass die weitere Rationalisierung der Ausbauarbeiten oder besser noch die Entwicklung eines weitgehend mechanisiert einzubringenden Ausbaues besonders beim Einsatz grosser leistungsfähiger Schachtbohreinrichtungen unerlässlich sei. Tatsächlich kann die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Maschinen nicht ausgenutzt werden, wenn diese stets nach kurzer Bohrarbeit stillgesetzt werden müssen, weil das Einbringen des Ausbaues einen wesentlich grösseren Zeitaufwand erfordert als die Bohrarbeit selbst, dieser also nicht zu folgen vermag.It is clear that there are numerous difficulties to be overcome. This also includes the problem of introducing the expansion from top to bottom in a simple manner immediately following the drilling progress. Vassen and Knickmeyer in («Glückauf 115 (1979) No. 9, p. 387li. Sp.) Drew attention to this task in general terms with the note that the further rationalization of the expansion work or better still the development of a largely mechanized one Expansion is essential, especially when using large, powerful shaft drilling equipment. In fact, the performance of these machines cannot be exploited if they always have to be stopped after a short drilling operation, because installing the extension takes much more time than the drilling work itself, so it cannot follow.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diesem Mangel abzuhelfen und ein zum Zweck der von oben nach unten fortschreitenden Auskleidung von Schächten geeignete Formkörper und ein daraus gebildetes Schachtbauwerk sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Schachtbauwerks anzugeben.The invention is therefore based on the object of remedying this deficiency and of specifying a shaped body suitable for the purpose of the lining of shafts progressing from top to bottom and a shaft structure formed therefrom and a method for producing the shaft structure.

Die bekannten Vorschläge zum Herstellen eines Schachtmauerwerks von oben nach unten und die hierzu vorgesehenen Formsteine sind zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe nicht geeignet, und sie können auch als Anregung zum Auffinden einer die gestellten Anforderungen erfüllenden Ausbildungsweise nicht dienen. Die Formkörper müssen festigkeitsmässig für hohe Zug- und Druckbeanspruchungen ausgelegt und dabei gewichtsmässig so leicht wie möglich sein; auch müssen sie den hohen statischen Anforderungen gewachsen und so gestaltet sein, dass sie ohne Schwierigkeiten von den Schachtinnenseiten aus eingesetzt werden können. Ferner müssen sie nach dem Einsetzen eines vollständigen Ringes vor dem durch das spätere Hinterfüllen hergestellten Anschluss an das Gebirge einen drucksteifen beanspruchungsfähigen Verbund bilden, ohne dass es hierzu des Einsatzes besonderer Stahlversteifungen oder Hängevorrichtungen bedarf.The known proposals for producing a shaft masonry from top to bottom and the shaped stones provided for this purpose are not suitable for solving this task, and they cannot serve as a suggestion for finding an embodiment which meets the requirements. The molded articles must be designed for high tensile and compressive loads and be as light as possible in terms of weight; they must also meet the high static requirements and be designed in such a way that they can be used from the inside of the shaft without difficulty. Furthermore, after the insertion of a complete ring in front of the connection to the mountains created by the subsequent backfilling, they have to form a compression-resistant, load-bearing compound without the need for special steel reinforcements or hanging devices.

Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass wegen der Enge des Raumes oberhalb der Schachtbohrmaschine für derartige Hilfskonstruktionen kein Raum ist und die Formkörper so gestaltet und bemessen sein müssen, dass sie ohne grössere Hilfsmittel leicht handhabbar und einsetzbar sind. Weiterhin ist für die Statik und Festigkeit der Formkörper dabei zu beachten, dass eine möglichst grosse Anzahl von Ringverbänden untergehängt werden kann, bevor diese ihren Anschluss an das Gebirge durch Hinterfüllen erhalten müssen.It should be taken into account that due to the narrowness of the space above the shaft drilling machine, there is no space for such auxiliary structures and the shaped bodies must be designed and dimensioned such that they can be easily handled and used without major aids. Furthermore, for the statics and strength of the molded bodies, it should be noted that the largest possible number of ring bandages can be suspended before they have to be connected to the mountains by backfilling.

Eine Lehre zur Gestaltung eines Formkörpers mit diesen Eigenschaften ist den bekannten Vorschlägen nicht zu entnehmen.A teaching on the design of a shaped body with these properties can not be found in the known proposals.

Ausgehend von der bekannten Gestaltungsform nach der FR-PS 448 409 weist erfindungsgemäss der Formkörper die Merkmale auf, dass die zwei in der Seitenansicht durch im Abstand der Formkörperhöhe parallelen Linien entsprechend verlaufenden Grund- und Deckflächen von aussen nach innen leicht ansteigen und zur Radialebene einen Winkel bilden und die beiden jeweils stirnseitigen Flächenteile durch gekrümmte oder eben verlaufende Zwischenflächen voneinander getrennt sind, und dass die beiden Flächenteile in ihren Schenkelbereichen einen spitzen Winkel bildend mittels gekrümmter oder ebener Zwischenflächen an die anliegenden Grund- oder Deckflächen anschliessen.Based on the known design according to FR-PS 448 409, the molded body according to the invention has the features that the two base and top surfaces in the side view, which run parallel to each other at a distance from the molded body height, rise slightly from the outside inwards and form an angle to the radial plane form and the two respective end face parts are separated from one another by curved or flat intermediate surfaces, and that the two surface parts form an acute angle in their leg regions by means of curved or flat intermediate surfaces to the adjacent base or cover surfaces.

Eine abgewandelte Gestaltungsform des erfindungsgemässen Formkörpers besteht noch darin, dass er aus zwei oder mehr einstückig miteinander verbundenen gegeneinander abgewinkelten Formkörper-Abschnitten besteht, und dass die zwei in der Seitenansicht durch im Abstand der Formkörperhöhe parallele Linien entsprechend verlaufende Grund- und Deckflächen von aussen nach innen ansteigend einen spitzen Winkel bildend verlaufen und an beiden äusseren Abschnitten die jeweils stirnseitigen Flächenteile aneinander anstossen oder durch gekrümmte oder eben verlaufende Zwischenflächen voneinander getrennt sind, und dass die beiden Flächenteile in ihren Schenkelbereichen einen spitzen Winkel bildend oder mittels gekrümmter oder ebener Zwischenflächen an die anliegenden Grund- oder Deckflächen anschliessen.A modified design of the molded body according to the invention still consists in the fact that it consists of two or more molded body sections which are angled to one another and that the two base and top surfaces in the side view, corresponding to the height of the molded body and running parallel to each other, run from the outside inwards ascendingly forming an acute angle and at both outer sections the respective frontal surface parts abut one another or are separated from one another by curved or flat intermediate surfaces, and that the two surface parts form an acute angle in their thigh regions or by means of curved or flat intermediate surfaces against the adjacent ground - or connect top surfaces.

Eine weitere Gestaltung des Formkörpers nach der Erfindung zur Herstellung eines Schachtbauwerks, der durch zwei in der Draufsicht parallel zueinander verlaufenden Linien entsprechenden Seitenflächen und durch von zwei in der Seitenansicht im Abstand der Formkörperhöhe parallelen Linien entsprechend verlaufenden Grund- und Deckflächen und an den beiden Stirnseiten durch spiegelbildlich zueinander jeweils zueinander in rechten, stumpfen oder spitzen Winkeln verlaufenden Winkelschnittlinien angeordnete Flächenteile begrenzt ist, besteht darin, dass er in der Draufsicht von zwei kreisringförmig, konzentrisch zueinander verlaufenden gekrümmten Linien entsprechenden zylindrischen Flächen, in der Seitenansicht von zwei durch in einem der Formkörperhöhe entsprechenden Abstand parallel zueinander nach innen einen leicht ansteigenden spitzen Winkel bildende Gerade verlaufende Kegelflächenabschnitte als Grund- und Deckflächen begrenzt ist, und dass die beiden jeweils stirnseitigen Flächenteile aneinander anstossen oder durch gekrümmte oder eben verlaufende Zwischenflächen voneinander getrennt sind, und dass die beiden Flächenteile in ihren Schenkelbereichen einen spitzen Winkel bildend oder mittels gekrümmter oder ebener Zwischenflächen an die anliegenden Grund- oder Deckflächen anschliessen.A further design of the shaped body according to the invention for the manufacture of a shaft structure, by the two side surfaces corresponding to one another in the plan view running parallel to one another and by two base and top surfaces running in parallel in the side view at a distance from the shaped body height and on the two end faces A mirror image of each other is limited to the area parts arranged at right-angled, obtuse or acute-angled intersection lines, consists in the fact that in plan view it has cylindrical surfaces corresponding to two circular, concentrically curved lines, in the side view two corresponding cylindrical surfaces Distance parallel to each other inwards, a straight conical surface section forming a slightly increasing acute angle is limited as the base and top surfaces, and that the two end faces in each case abut one another or are separated from one another by curved or evenly extending intermediate faces, and that the two surface portions in their thigh areas form an acute angle or connect to the adjacent base or top surfaces by means of curved or flat intermediate surfaces.

Weitere Erfindungsmerkmale der Formkörper zur Herstellung des Schachtbauwerks nach der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 4 bis 6. Das aus diesen Formkörpern gebildete Schachtbauwerk ist durch die Merkmale gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen glatt durchlaufende Grund- und Deckflächen aufweisenden, unversetzt übereinanderstehend angeordneten, stirnseitig aneinandergrenzenden Formkörper in horizontalen Ebenen abwechselnd um einen Teil der Formkörperhöhe gegeneinander versetzt sind und die jeweils drei stirnseitig aneinandergrenzende Formkörper mittels schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeter Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen ihrer stirnseitigen Begrenzungsflächen ineinandergreifen, wobei die Flächen der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen aus zwei zueinander einen rechten, stumpfen oder spitzen Winkel bildenden Flächenteilen bestehen.Further features of the invention for the moldings for producing the manhole structure according to the invention result from the patent claims 4 to 6. The manhole structure formed from these moldings is characterized by the features that the individual smoothly running base and top surfaces have uninterrupted superposed, end-to-end moldings are mutually offset in horizontal planes by a part of the height of the molded body and the three molded bodies adjoining each other on the end face engage with one another by means of dovetail-shaped projections and recesses in their front-side boundary surfaces, the surfaces of the dovetail-shaped projections and recesses consisting of two surface parts which form a right, obtuse or acute angle to one another consist.

Der mittels der erfindungsgemäss gestalteten Formkörper geschaffene Formkörper-Mauerwerksverband, bei dem alle Formkörper senkrecht unversetzt übereinanderstehen, jedoch in horizontalen Ebenen abwechselnd gegeneinander versetzt und stirnseitig mittels Vorsprüngen und Vertiefungen miteinander verzahnt sind, ermöglicht in einfacher Weise eine Herstellung dieses Verbandes von oben nach unten, weil infolge der abwechselnd höhenversetzten Anordnung der Formkörper in horizontaler Reihe aufeinanderfolgend tiefere, unterbrochene Ringe bildende Formkörper mittels ihrer Vorsprünge in die Lücken zwischen zwei Formkörper der höheren Reihe eingesetzt oder eingehängt werden können. Auf diese Weise kann stets aufeinanderfolgend durch Einsetzen in die Lücken zwischen zwei Formkörpern einer horizontalen Reihe die um einen Teil der Formkörper nach unten versetzte weitere Reihe gebildet werden.The molded-masonry structure created by means of the shaped bodies designed according to the invention, in which all the shaped bodies are vertically unaltered one above the other, but offset alternately in horizontal planes and interlocked with one another on the end face by means of projections and depressions, enables this bond to be produced in a simple manner from top to bottom, because as a result of the alternating height-offset arrangement of the shaped bodies in a horizontal row, successively deeper, interrupted rings forming shaped bodies can be inserted or hung in by means of their projections into the gaps between two shaped bodies of the higher row. In this way, by inserting into the gaps between two shaped bodies of a horizontal row, the further row offset downward by a part of the shaped bodies can always be formed.

Die Flächen der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen der Formkörper bestehen aus zwei zueinander einen rechten, stumpfen oder spitzen Winkel bildenden Flächenteilen. Es ist dabei nicht erforderlich, dass die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen scharfkantig gegeneinander und gegen die übrigen Begrenzungsflächen abgesetzt sind, sondern es können des weiteren nach der Erfindung die beiden einen Winkel zueinander bildenden Flächenteile der schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeten stirnseitigen Begrenzungsflächen der Formkörper mittels gekrümmter Flächenabschnitte im Schnittwinkelbereich ineinander übergehen und in den äusseren Schenkelbereichen zu den Grund- und Deckflächen hin auslaufen.The surfaces of the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions of the shaped bodies consist of two surface parts which form a right, obtuse or acute angle to one another. It is not necessary for the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions to be sharply offset against one another and against the other boundary surfaces, but, according to the invention, it is also possible for the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped end-face boundary surfaces of the shaped bodies which form an angle to one another by means of curved surface sections in the intersection angle range pass over and run out in the outer thigh areas towards the base and top surfaces.

In abgewandelter Ausbildungsweise können nach einem anderen Merkmal der Erfindung die beiden einen Winkel zueinander bildenden Flächenteile der schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeten stirnseitigen Begrenzungsflächen durch in vertikalen Ebenen verlaufende Flächenabschnitte im Schnittwinkelbereich der Formkörper und in den äusseren Schenkelbereichen zu den Grund-und Deckflächen hin abgeschlossen sein.In a modified embodiment, according to another feature of the invention, the two surface parts forming an angle to one another of the dovetail-shaped end boundary surfaces can be closed off by surface sections running in vertical planes in the cutting angle region of the shaped bodies and in the outer leg regions to the base and top surfaces.

Durch die erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung des Schachtbauwerks mittels der Formkörper entsprechend den Erfindungsmerkmalen kann sowohl ein vorläufiger wie auch ein endgültiger Schachtausbau geschaffen werden; insbesondere ist das unmittelbar dem Abteuf- bzw. Bohrfortschritt folgende Auskleiden der gebohrten Schachtröhre grundsätzlich als äussere Schale der Dauerauskleidung geeignet. Daher muss diese Schale durch eine entsprechende Hinterfüllung an das Gebirge angeschlossen werden. Hierfür sind mehrere Verfahren bekannt, vor allem das Ausspritzen mit Hinterfüllbeton verschiedener Güteklassen. Jedenfalls wird durch das Hinterfüllen sowohl auf die einzelnen eingebauten Formkörper wie auch auf die Formkörperauskleidung als Ganzes bis zur Erstarrung des Betons ein nicht unerheblicher nach dem Schachtinneren gerichteter Druck ausgeübt. Dieser ist örtlich bestrebt, die Formkörper aus ihrer Lage heraus nach dem Schachtinneren hinzurücken. Durch geeignete Formgebung der miteinander in Kontakt befindlichen Flächen der Formkörper kann dem in der Weise entgegengewirkt werden, dass diese sich formschlüssig gegen die benachbarten Formkörper abstützen, so dass der Ringverbund eine höhere Eigenstabilität erhält.By designing the shaft structure according to the invention by means of the shaped bodies in accordance with the features of the invention, both a preliminary and a final shaft expansion can be created; In particular, lining the drilled shaft tube immediately following the sinking or drilling progress is basically suitable as an outer shell of the permanent lining. Therefore, this shell must be connected to the mountains with an appropriate backfill. Several methods are known for this, in particular the spraying with backfill concrete of different quality classes. In any case, backfilling both on the individual built-in molded bodies and on the molded body lining as a whole exerts a not inconsiderable pressure directed towards the interior of the shaft until the concrete solidifies. This strives locally to move the molded bodies out of their position towards the interior of the shaft. By suitable shaping of the surfaces of the molded bodies that are in contact with one another, this can be counteracted in such a way that they are positively supported against the adjacent molded bodies, so that the ring composite is given greater inherent stability.

Diese Abstützung kann beispielsweise dadurch bewirkt werden, dass gemäss einem Erfindungsmerkmal die Flächenteile der beiden einen Winkel zueinander bildenden schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen der Formkörper um eine quer zu ihrer gemeinsamen Winkelschnittlinie verlaufende Achse um gleichgrosse Winkelbeträge gegenläufig verdreht sind. In Abwandlung hiervon ist es ferner möglich, dass diese Flächenteile um die quer zu ihrer gemeinsamen Winkelschnittlinie verlaufende Achse um gleichgrosse Winkelbeträge gleichsinnig verdreht sind.This support can be brought about, for example, in that, according to one feature of the invention, the surface parts of the two dovetail-shaped projections and recesses of the shaped bodies which form an angle to one another are rotated in opposite directions about the same-sized angular amounts about an axis running transversely to their common angular intersection line. In a modification of this, it is also possible for these surface parts to be rotated in the same direction about the same-sized angular amounts about the axis running transversely to their common angular intersection line.

Dieselbe Wirkung einer Abstützung kann nach einem weiterhin abgewandelten Merkmal der Erfindung auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass jedes der beiden Flächenteile der zu einem Winkel zueinander bildenden Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen der Formkörper in zwei voneinander abgesetzte Teilflächen voneinander getrennt sind, und dass der Trennbereich einen quer zu ihrer gemeinsamen Winkelschnittlinie verlaufenden Anschlag bildet.According to a further modified feature of the invention, the same effect of a support can also be achieved in that each of the two surface parts forms an angle protrusions and depressions of the shaped bodies which form one another are separated from one another in two sub-areas which are offset from one another, and that the separating region forms a stop which runs transversely to their common angular intersection line.

Das erfindungsgemäss ausgestaltete Schachtbauwerk kann je nach dem Verwendungszweck mit unterschiedlichen Grundrissquerschnitten ausgeführt werden. Hierfür ist es jedoch erforderlich, die zu verwendenden Formkörper für den gewählten Querschnitt unter Wahrung ihrer Grundmerkmale auszulegen, wobei es ein Vorteil der Erfindung darstellt, dass nur eine Formkörperausführung benötigt wird und jeder Formstein als Schlussstein geeignet ist. Daher kann das Schachtbauwerk erfindungsgemäss mit polygonal-ringförmigem oder aber auch mit kreiszylinder-ringförmigem Grundrissquerschnitt ausgebildet sein. Im ersteren Falle können die das Schachtbauwerk bildenden Formkörper in Draufsicht entweder trapezförmige Grund- und Deckflächen oder aber um senkrechte Achsen ein- oder mehrfach abgewinkelte Seitenflächen aufweisen, während im zweiten Fall die Formkörper in Draufsicht Sektoren eines Kreiszylinderringes sind.The shaft structure designed according to the invention can be designed with different cross-sectional areas depending on the intended use. For this purpose, however, it is necessary to design the shaped bodies to be used for the selected cross section while maintaining their basic features, it being an advantage of the invention that only one shaped body design is required and each shaped stone is suitable as a keystone. Therefore, according to the invention, the shaft structure can be designed with a polygonal-ring-shaped or also with a circular-cylinder-ring-shaped plan cross-section. In the former case, the shaped bodies forming the shaft structure can have either trapezoidal base and top surfaces in plan view or side surfaces that are angled one or more times about vertical axes, while in the second case the shaped bodies are sectors of a circular cylinder ring in plan view.

Da die Anforderungen an die Massgenauigkeit der einzelnen Formkörper nach Möglichkeit nicht höher als unbedingt erforderlich angesetzt werden sollen, um die Herstellung nicht unnötig zu verteuern und insbesondere bei der Produktion den Anfall an Ausschuss-Formkörpern gering zu halten, sollen diese so bemessen sein, dass beim Unterhängen der Formkörper unter die bereits bestehenden Auskleidungsringe zwischen den Grundflächen der oberen und den Deckflächen der unteren Formkörper mehr oder weniger grosse Zwischenspalte auftreten. Die Grösse dieser Zwischenspalte kann gewählt und durch die Bestimmung der Abmessungen der Formkörper festgelegt werden.Since the requirements for the dimensional accuracy of the individual moldings should, if possible, not be set higher than absolutely necessary, in order not to make the production unnecessarily expensive and, in particular, to minimize the incidence of reject moldings during production, these should be dimensioned such that the Suspending the molded body under the existing lining rings between the base surfaces of the upper and the top surfaces of the lower molded body occur more or less large intermediate gaps. The size of these intermediate gaps can be selected and determined by determining the dimensions of the shaped bodies.

Ein wesentliches Merkmal der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass diese durch die aneinandergrenzenden Grund- und Deckflächen der Formkörper entstehenden Zwischenspalten zum Inneren des Schachtbauwerks hin ansteigend verlaufen. Damit werden mehrere Vorteile erreicht. Es wird einmal eine zusätzliche formschlüssige Abstützung der Formkörper gegeneinander geschaffen, die dem hydrostatischen Druck des Hinterfüllbetons vor seiner Erstarrung entgegenwirkt, und es wird ferner vermieden, dass der flüssige Hinterfüllbeton durch die mehr oder weniger grossen Zwischenspalten in Richtung Schachtinneres austritt. Dies ist dann von Bedeutung, wenn die Formsteine so bemessen sind, dass die Zwischenspalten eine gewisse Höhe aufweisen, die etwa "Yto bis '/zo der Formkörperhöhe ausmacht, wodurch das Einschieben der Formsteine sehr erleichtert wird.An essential feature of the invention can be seen in the fact that these intermediate gaps, which arise due to the adjoining base and cover surfaces of the molded bodies, increase towards the interior of the shaft structure. This has several advantages. An additional form-fitting support of the shaped bodies against one another is created, which counteracts the hydrostatic pressure of the backfill concrete before it solidifies, and it is also avoided that the liquid backfill concrete escapes towards the interior of the shaft through the more or less large intermediate gaps. This is important if the shaped blocks are dimensioned such that the intermediate gaps have a certain height, which is about "Yto to '/ zo of the height of the shaped body, which greatly facilitates the insertion of the shaped blocks.

Es ist nicht nachteilig, dass die Abmessungen der Formkörper so bestimmt werden, dass derartige Zwischenspalten entstehen. Im Rahmen der Erfindung können diese Zwischenspalten vor dem Hinterfüllen mit besonderen Zwischenspalten-Formkörpern ausgefüllt werden, die ein- oder mehrteilig sein können. Wenn diese Zwischenspalten-Formkörper einen von aussen nach innen leicht ansteigenden Konus aufweisen, ist es auch möglich, die Formsteine regelrecht gegeneinander zu verkeilen, so dass das Schachtbauwerk eine ganz erhebliche Verstärkung seiner Standsicherheit und Eigenstabilität erfährt.It is not disadvantageous that the dimensions of the shaped bodies are determined in such a way that intermediate gaps of this type arise. Within the scope of the invention, these intermediate gaps can be filled with special inter-column shaped bodies before backfilling, which can be in one or more parts. If these inter-column shaped bodies have a cone that rises slightly from the outside inwards, it is also possible to wedge the shaped blocks against one another, so that the shaft structure is considerably strengthened in terms of its stability and inherent stability.

Weiterhin wird diese Abstützwirkung noch verstärkt, wenn nach einem zusätzlichen Gestaltungsmerkmal der Erfindung die beiden einen Winkel zueinander bildenden Flächenteile der schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeten Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen, die die Formsteine stirnseitig begrenzen, gekrümmte Flächen sind, deren beide Grenz-Schnittlinien, von denen eine die Winkelschnittlinie der beiden Flächenteile und die anderen die Schnittlinie mit den Grund- und Deckflächen der Formkörper sind, einen durch den mittleren Bereich zwischen diesen Grenz- Schnittlinien verlaufenden Polstrahl in spitzen Winkeln schneiden.This supporting effect is further enhanced if, according to an additional design feature of the invention, the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions which form an angle to one another and which delimit the shaped blocks on the end face are curved surfaces, the two boundary cutting lines, one of which is the angular cutting line of the Both surface parts and the others are the cutting line with the base and top surfaces of the shaped bodies, cut a pole beam running through the middle region between these boundary cutting lines at acute angles.

Durch diese gekrümmte und gegeneinander winkelverschobene Oberflächengestaltung wirken die ineinandergreifenden schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeten Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen ähnlich einer Verklammerung und stärken so die formschlüssige Verbindung der Stirnseiten der Formkörper miteinander.Due to this curved and mutually angularly displaced surface design, the interlocking dovetail-shaped projections and depressions act like a clamp and thus strengthen the positive connection between the end faces of the molded bodies.

Verzichtet man im Einzelfall auf diese zusätzliche Verklammerungswirkung, so können die beiden einen Winkel zueinander bildenden Flächenteile der schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeten Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen, die die Formsteine stirnseitig begrenzen, gekrümmte Flächen sein, deren beide Grenzschnittlinien, von denen eine die Winkelschnittlinie der beiden Flächenteile und die anderen die Schnittlinien mit den Grund- und Deckflächen der Formkörper sind, parallel zu einem durch den mittleren Bereich zwischen diesen Grenz-Schnittlinien verlaufenden Polstrahl beidseitig an der Mittelachse des Schachtbauwerks in einem Abstand vorbeilaufen. Bei dieser Gestaltungsform sind die Flächenteile der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen gekrümmt, verlaufen jedoch im wesentlichen parallel zu einem Polstrahl - zur Mitte des Schachtbauwerks-, wodurch sich eine statisch und festigkeitsmässig sehr günstige Form der Formkörper ergibt, die auch herstellungstechnische Vorteile mit sich bringt.If this additional clamping effect is dispensed with in individual cases, the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions which form an angle to one another and which delimit the shaped blocks on the end face can be curved surfaces, the two boundary lines of intersection, one of which is the angular line of intersection of the two surface parts and the other the lines of intersection with the base and top surfaces of the shaped bodies are parallel to a pole beam running through the central region between these boundary lines of intersection on both sides at a distance from the center axis of the shaft structure. In this design, the surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and recesses are curved, but run essentially parallel to a pole beam - to the center of the shaft structure, which results in a shape of the molded body which is very favorable in terms of statics and strength, and which also has manufacturing advantages.

Sowohl bei dieser kurvenartigen Gestaltung der Kontur der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen wie auch bei den Gestaltungsformen mit ebenen Flächenteilen ist die Besonderheit hervorzuheben, dass die beiden Polstrahlen durch die beiden Flächenteile der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen zum Schachtinneren hin ansteigend verlaufen. Je nach der gewünschten Gestaltung bzw. dem Verlauf der durch die stirnseitigen Grenzflächen der Formkörper bestimmten Zwischenspalten auf Grund der festigkeitstechnischen und herstellungsbedingten sowie sonstigen örtlichen Verhältnisse können diese Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Stirnbegrenzungsflächen mit denen der Deck- und Grundflächen in verschiedener Weise kombiniert werden.In this curve-like design of the contour of the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions as well as in the designs with flat surface parts, the special feature is to be emphasized that the two pole beams run through the two surface parts of the dovetail-shaped projections and recesses rising towards the interior of the shaft. Depending on the desired design or the course of the intermediate gaps determined by the end-face interfaces of the shaped bodies due to the strength-related and manufacturing-related and other local conditions, these design options of the dovetail-shaped forehead can be limited surfaces with which the top and bottom surfaces can be combined in different ways.

Die Formgestaltung des Formkörpers zur Herstellung eines Schachtbauwerks, wie diese in den Patentansprüchen 1 bis 6 im einzelnen gekennzeichnet ist, richtet sich nach dem gewählten geometrischen Grundrissquerschnitt des Schachtbauwerks. Demgemäss können auch die hierzu erforderlichen Grundformen der Formkörper unterschiedlich gestaltet sein. Für den polygonal-ringförmigen Grundrissquerschnitt nach den Patentansprüchen 11 und 12 kommen zwei verschiedene Grund-Formkörper in Betracht, je nachdem, ob die Lage des schwalbenschwanzförmigen Ineinandergreifens der Formkörper in den Bereich der Längsseiten des Polygons oder in die Polygon-Ecken gelegt wird.The shape of the shaped body for the manufacture of a shaft structure, as characterized in detail in claims 1 to 6, depends on the selected geometric cross-sectional plan of the shaft structure. Accordingly, the basic shapes of the shaped bodies required for this can also be designed differently. For the polygonal-ring-shaped cross-section of the plan according to claims 11 and 12, two different basic shaped bodies come into consideration, depending on whether the position of the dovetail-shaped interlocking of the shaped bodies is placed in the region of the long sides of the polygon or in the polygon corners.

In den meisten praktischen Fällen wird jedoch ein kreis-zylinder-ringförmiger Grundrissquerschnitt nach dem Patentanspruch 13 angewendet, bei dem auch besonders vorteilhaft die Vollschnittmaschine mit ihrer grossen Bohrleistung eingesetzt werden kann. Der zur Herstellung des Schachtbauwerks mit diesem Querschnitt vorgesehene Formkörper weist Seitenflächen von in Draufsicht kreisringförmig konzentrisch verlaufenden Kurvenabschnitten auf und ist im übrigen durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 3 definiert. Dabei können die die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen bildenden Flächenteile in Richtung tangential zu den Seitenflächen konkave oder konvexe Krümmungsprofile aufweisen, deren Krümmung in Flächenlängsrichtung fortschreitend stetig veränderlich ist. In Abwandlung hiervon oder auch in Kombination mit dieser Gestaltung können die den Polstrahlen zugeordneten, die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen bildenden Flächenteile die Polstrahlen tangierend konkav oder konvex gekrümmt sein.In most practical cases, however, a circular-cylindrical-ring plan cross section according to claim 13 is used, in which the full cutting machine with its large drilling capacity can also be used particularly advantageously. The shaped body provided for the production of the shaft structure with this cross section has side faces of curved sections of concentric circular shape in plan view and is otherwise defined by the features of claim 3. The surface parts forming the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions can have concave or convex curvature profiles in the direction tangential to the side surfaces, the curvature of which can be progressively changed in the longitudinal direction of the surface. As a modification of this or in combination with this configuration, the surface parts assigned to the pole beams and forming the dovetail-shaped projections and depressions can be tangentially concave or convexly curved.

Das Schachtbauwerk nach den Merkmalen der Erfindung kann vorübergehend oder dauernd auch ohne einen Anschluss mittels einer Hinterfüllung an das Gebirge oder Erdreich gebraucht werden, beispielsweise im Tief- oder Wasserbau für die verschiedensten Verwendungszwecke. In solchen Einsatzfällen kann es erforderlich sein, dem Formkörper-Mauerwerk durch gegenseitiges Verspannen der Formkörper eine ausreichende Festigkeit zu verleihen. Ausser den an sich bekannten Möglichkeiten, durch Einbringen von Ankern in die Formkörper Widerlager für Spannanker in Form von Spannkabeln oder Zugstangen zu schaffen, ist es nach einem weiteren Vorschlag gemäss der Erfindung auch möglich, die Festigkeit des Schachtbauwerks mittels einer Ring-Vorspannung zu sichern. Zu diesem Zweck kann der Formkörper in Richtung seiner Seitenflächen und parallel zu seinen Grund- und Deckflächen mit einer durchgehenden Bohrung innerhalb seines Querschnitts versehen sein, die einen Abstand von seiner Grund- und Deckfläche hat, und es können weitere Bohrungen zu dieser gleichgerichtet angebracht sein.The shaft structure according to the features of the invention can be used temporarily or permanently without a connection by means of a backfill to the mountains or soil, for example in civil engineering or hydraulic engineering for a wide variety of uses. In such cases, it may be necessary to give the shaped body masonry sufficient strength by mutually bracing the shaped body. In addition to the possibilities known per se to create abutments for tension anchors in the form of tension cables or tie rods by introducing anchors into the shaped bodies, it is also possible according to a further proposal according to the invention to secure the strength of the shaft structure by means of a ring prestress. For this purpose, the molded body can be provided in the direction of its side surfaces and parallel to its base and cover surfaces with a continuous bore within its cross section which is at a distance from its base and cover surface, and further bores can be made in the same direction.

Bei Verwendung des Schachtbauwerks als Bunkerwendel im Untertagebau kommt nur die kreiszylindrische Grundrissform in Betracht, und in diesem Fall ist es erfindungsgemäss möglich, die Wendelrinne bereits bei der Herstellung der Formkörper an der Schachtinnenseite vorzusehen. Der Formkörper weist bei dieser Gestaltung eine sich diagonal über die dem Schachtinneren zugewandte zylindrische Oberfläche verlaufende, schraubenlinienförmig gewundene rinnenartige Profilierung als Abschnitt einer Bunker-Wendelrinne auf, die vertieft oder erhaben gegenüber der Formkörperoberfläche gestaltet ist.When using the shaft structure as a bunker helix in underground construction, only the circular cylindrical plan shape comes into consideration, and in this case it is possible according to the invention to provide the spiral gutter on the inside of the shaft during the manufacture of the shaped bodies. In this configuration, the shaped body has a channel-like profiled profile which runs diagonally across the cylindrical surface facing the inside of the shaft, as a section of a bunker spiral channel, which is recessed or raised in relation to the surface of the shaped body.

Der Formkörper gemäss der Erfindung kann vorzugsweise als bewehrte oder vorgespannte Betonfertigkeit hergestellt sein; er kann jedoch auch aus anderen Werkstoffen oder WerkstoffKombinationen bestehen. Für manche Verwendungszwecke im Tief- oder Wasserbau bei verhältnismässig geringen Tiefen können auch Formkörper aus Kunststoffen in Betracht kommen, während anderseits zumindest in bestimmten, besonders stark beanspruchten Abschnitten von Untertage-Bergbauschächten auch Formkörper aus Metall- oder Stahl-Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden können.The molded body according to the invention can preferably be produced as reinforced or prestressed concrete work; however, it can also consist of other materials or combinations of materials. Moldings made of plastics can also be considered for some uses in civil engineering or hydraulic engineering at relatively shallow depths, while moldings made of metal or steel materials can also be used, at least in certain, particularly heavily used sections of underground mining shafts.

Die weitere Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Schachtbauwerks nach einem oder mehreren der Patentansprüche 7 bis 17 unter Verwendung der Formkörper nach den Patentansprüchen 1 bis 6. Dabei ist es ohne Bedeutung, ob das Abteufen der Schachtröhre mittels der konventionellen Methoden oder den Gesenk- oder Vollschnittbohrverfahren hergestellt wird, obwohl die grossen Vorteile der Erfindung vor allem bei den letztgenannten Bohrverfahren voll zur Ausnutzung gebracht werden können. Zur Herstellung des Schachtbauwerks von oben nach unten wird zunächst eine obere Formkörper-Schlussreihe ortsfest derart verankert, dass zwischen den verankerten Formkörpern Zwischenräume zum ineinandergreifenden Einhängen weiterer Formkörper mittels ihrer schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprüngen und Vertiefungen zur aufeinanderfolgenden Bildung immer neuer Formkörper-Ringe von oben nach unten bleiben, und dass zum Anschliessen des Schachtbauwerks an das Gebirge der Zwischenraum zwischen seinem Aussenmantel und der Schachtröhre von oben nach unten absatzweise mit einem in brei-oder pastenförmigem oder flüssigem Zustand einbringbaren und abbindenden Material ausgefüllt wird. Das abbindende Material kann Hinterfüllbeton sein. Es können auch andere geeignete Mischungen verwendet werden.The further invention relates to a method for producing the shaft structure according to one or more of claims 7 to 17 using the molded body according to claims 1 to 6. It is irrelevant whether the sinking of the shaft tube by means of conventional methods or the die - Or full-cut drilling process is produced, although the great advantages of the invention can be fully exploited, especially in the latter drilling processes. To manufacture the shaft structure from top to bottom, an upper end of the molded body is first anchored in place so that there are spaces between the anchored molded bodies for the interlocking hanging of further molded bodies by means of their dovetail-shaped projections and depressions for the successive formation of new molded body rings from top to bottom, and that in order to connect the shaft structure to the mountains, the space between its outer casing and the shaft tube is filled in batches from top to bottom with a material that can be introduced and set in a paste or paste or liquid state. The setting material can be backfill concrete. Other suitable mixtures can also be used.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Schachtbauwerks und des Herstellungsverfahrens sowie des Formkörpers zu seiner Herstellung dargestellt, die im folgenden näher erläutert sind.The drawing shows exemplary embodiments of the shaft structure according to the invention and of the production method and of the shaped body for its production, which are explained in more detail below.

Es zeigen:Show it:

  • Fig. 1 eine Teilansicht des Schachtbauwerks von der Innenseite betrachtet mit einem strichpunktiert dargestellten einzusetzenden Formkörper A';1 shows a partial view of the shaft structure viewed from the inside with a molded body A ′ to be used, shown in broken lines;
  • Fig. 2 eine Teilansicht eines Formkörpers;2 shows a partial view of a shaped body;
  • Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht gern. Fig. 1;Fig. 3 likes a top view. Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 eine Teilansicht von zwei übereinanderstehenden Formkörpern in der Ausführung gern. Fig. 2;Fig. 4 likes a partial view of two superimposed molded bodies in the design. Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 einen Teil-Ausschnitt gemäss Fig. 2 in einer anderen Ausführungsform;5 shows a partial section according to FIG. 2 in another embodiment;
  • Fig. 5a einen Teil-Ausschnitt gemäss Fig. 5 in einer anderen Ansicht;5a shows a partial section according to FIG. 5 in another view;
  • Fig. 6 eine Draufsicht gemäss Fig. 5;FIG. 6 is a top view according to FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 7 eine Teilansicht eines Formkörpers in einer weiteren Ausführungsform;7 shows a partial view of a shaped body in a further embodiment;
  • Fig. 8 eine Teilansicht von zwei übereinanderstehenden Formkörpern, die mit dem Formkörper gemäss Fig. 7 einen Verband bilden;FIG. 8 shows a partial view of two superimposed shaped bodies which form a bandage with the shaped body according to FIG. 7;
  • Fig. 9 eine Draufsicht auf einen achteckigen polygonalen Grundrissquerschnitt des Schachtbauwerks;9 is a plan view of an octagonal polygonal cross-section of the shaft structure;
  • Fig. 10 eine Draufsicht auf einen achteckigen polygonalen Grundrissquerschnitt des Schachtbauwerks in einer abgewandelten Ausführung mit abgewinkelten Seitenflächen der Formkörper;10 shows a plan view of an octagonal polygonal cross-section of the shaft structure in a modified embodiment with angled side faces of the shaped bodies;
  • Fig. 11 eine Draufsicht auf einen Formkörperverband;11 is a plan view of a molded body dressing;
  • Fig. 12 einen Teilschnitt H-H' gemäss Fig. 1;FIG. 12 shows a partial section H-H 'according to FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 13 einen Teilschnitt J-J' gemäss Fig. 1;13 shows a partial section J-J 'according to FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 14 einen Teilschnitt G-G' in Richtung nach unten gemäss Fig. 1 mit noch nicht eingesetztem Formkörper A';14 shows a partial section G-G 'in the downward direction according to FIG. 1 with molded body A' not yet inserted;
  • Fig. 15 einen Teilschnitt F-F' gemäss Fig. 1 in Richtung nach oben bzw. mit eingesetztem Formkörper A';15 shows a partial section F-F 'according to FIG. 1 in the upward direction or with the molded body A' inserted;
  • Fig. 16 einen Querschnitt durch einen Formkörper mit erhabener rinnenartiger Profilierung der Innenseite;16 shows a cross section through a molded body with a raised channel-like profile on the inside;
  • Fig. 17 einen Querschnitt durch einen Formkörper mit vertiefter rinnenartiger Profilierung der Innenseite;17 shows a cross section through a molded body with a recessed channel-like profile on the inside;
  • Fig. 18 eine Schnittdarstellung der in den Zwischenraum zwischen Schachtröhre und Auskleidung eingebrachten Dichtung;18 shows a sectional illustration of the seal introduced into the space between the shaft tube and the lining;
  • Fig. 19 eine Schnittdarstellung gemäss Fig. 18 mit einer anderen Abdichtung;19 shows a sectional illustration according to FIG. 18 with a different seal;
  • Fig. 20 eine Schnittdarstellung gemäss Fig. 18 mit einer Abdichtung und Tragvorrichtung in anderer Ausführung;20 shows a sectional illustration according to FIG. 18 with a seal and carrying device in another embodiment;
  • Fig. 21 einen Schnitt durch zwei übereinanderstehende Formkörperteile mit Füllkörper in der Zwischenspalte;21 shows a section through two superimposed molded body parts with filler body in the intermediate gap;
  • Fig. 22 eine Ansicht von drei ineinandergreifenden Formkörperteilen mit Einlagefolien.22 is a view of three interlocking molded body parts with insert foils.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Ausschnitt aus der Wandung eines kreisrunden Schachtbauwerks in perspektivischer Ansicht von innen dargestellt, welches aus den Formkörpern nach der Erfindung hergestellt ist. Wie daraus ersichtlich ist, steigen die Grund- und Deckflächen 1 und 2 der Formkörper von aussen nach innen in einem Winkel β an, und die Zwischenspalten 10 zwischen diesen Grund-und Deckflächen steigen ebenfalls im Winkel β an.In Fig. 1, a detail from the wall of a circular shaft structure is shown in a perspective view from the inside, which is made from the moldings according to the invention. As can be seen from this, the base and cover surfaces 1 and 2 of the shaped bodies rise from the outside inwards at an angle β, and the intermediate gaps 10 between these base and cover surfaces also increase at an angle β.

Zwischen zwei im Abstand voneinander angeordneten Formkörpern derselben Reihe ist der Zwischenraum 20 frei. In diesen Zwischenraum wird der Formkörper A' in radialer Richtung von innen nach aussen eingeschoben; dabei senkt er sich infolge der Winkelneigung y während des Einschiebens nach unten ab. Weil der einzuschiebende Formkörper bei Beginn des Einschiebens eine höhere Lage einnimmt, ist es möglich, ihn einzuführen, obwohl die Aussenkanten der oberen Vorsprünge 5 eine breitere Erstreckung haben als der diesem Niveau zugeordnete Öffnungsraum, wie dies in Fig. 14 und 15 veranschaulicht ist. Diese zeigen Horizontalschnitte entsprechend der Schnittlinie F-F' (nach oben) und G-G' (nach unten).The space 20 is free between two shaped bodies of the same row which are arranged at a distance from one another. The molded body A 'is inserted into this space in the radial direction from the inside to the outside; as a result of the angular inclination y, it descends during insertion. Because the molded article to be inserted takes up a higher position at the start of insertion, it is possible to insert it, even though the outer edges of the upper projections 5 have a wider extension than the opening space assigned to this level, as illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15. These show horizontal sections according to the section line F-F '(upwards) and G-G' (downwards).

Die Formkörper weisen glatt durchlaufende Grund- und Deckflächen 1, 2 auf (Fig. 2) und sind unversetzt übereinanderstehend angeordnet. Sie grenzen stirnseitig in horizontalen Ebenen E jeweils um einen Teil der Formkörperhöhe gegeneinander versetzt aneinander. Jeder Formkörper grenzt an seinen beiden Stirnseiten an zwei andere Formkörper, so dass immer drei Formkörper mit ihren Vorsprüngen 5 und Vertiefungen 6 formschlüssig ineinandergreifend einen Verband bilden. Dabei sind die Vorsprünge 5 und Vertiefungen 6 im Ausführungsbeispiel schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildet. Die Fläche 7' und 72 der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge 5 und Vertiefungen 6 bilden zueinander im Ausführungsbeispiel einen annähernd rechten Winkel a.The moldings have smoothly running base and cover surfaces 1, 2 (FIG. 2) and are arranged in a staggered manner one above the other. They border on the end face in horizontal planes E, offset from one another by a part of the height of the shaped body. Each molded body adjoins two other molded bodies on its two end faces, so that three molded bodies with their projections 5 and depressions 6 always form an interlocking engagement. The projections 5 and depressions 6 are dovetail-shaped in the exemplary embodiment. The surface 7 'and 7 2 of the dovetail-shaped projections 5 and depressions 6 form an approximately right angle a to one another in the exemplary embodiment.

Die geometrische Gestalt eines typischen Formkörpers nach der Erfindung ist als Ausführungsbeispiel aus Fig. 2 zu erkennen. Die den Winkel a zueinander bildenden Flächenabschnitte 7\ 72 sind durch die Winkelschnittlinien Y gegeneinander abgegrenzt, die sich in Fig. 2 scharfkantig schneiden und die auch scharfkantig entsprechend den Winkelschnittlinien Y\ Y2 zu den Grund- und Deckflächen 1 und 2 hin auslaufen. Letztere sind ebenso wie der Verlauf der Winkelschnittlinien Y, Y1, Y2 gegenüber der Horizontalen von aussen nach innen ansteigend um den Winkel β geneigt.The geometric shape of a typical molded body according to the invention can be seen as an exemplary embodiment from FIG. 2. The surface sections 7 \ 7 2 forming the angle a with respect to one another are delimited from one another by the angle cut lines Y, which intersect with sharp edges in FIG. 2 and which also end with sharp edges corresponding to the angle cut lines Y \ Y 2 towards the base and cover surfaces 1 and 2. The latter, like the course of the angular intersection lines Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , are inclined from the outside inwards, increasing by the angle.

Die Flächenabschnitte 71 und 72 der schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeten stirnseitigen Begrenzungsflächen können in verschiedener Weise räumlich aus den durch die Achsen Z und X, X' und X2 bestimmten Ebenen heraustreten. In Fig. 2 sind die in einem Winkel a zueinander stehenden, die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Begrenzungsflächen bildenden Flächenteile 71 und 72in gegenläufigem Sinne um einen Winkel um die Achsen Z verdreht. Zugleich sind auch die Grund- und Deckflächen 2 und 1 um den Winkel β in Richtung zum Schachtinneren ansteigend geneigt.The surface sections 7 1 and 7 2 of the dovetail-shaped end boundary surfaces can spatially emerge in different ways from the planes determined by the axes Z and X, X 'and X 2 . 2, the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 which are at an angle a to one another and form the dovetail-shaped boundary surfaces are rotated in the opposite direction by an angle about the axes Z. At the same time, the base and top surfaces 2 and 1 are inclined by the angle β in the direction of the shaft interior.

In Fig. 3 ist eine Draufsicht auf den Ausschnitt aus dem Schachtbauwerk bzw. dessen Wandung gemäss Fig. 1 dargestellt.FIG. 3 shows a top view of the detail from the shaft structure or its wall according to FIG. 1.

Wie aus Fig. 4 hervorgeht, können die Flächenteile 71 und 72 der schwalbenschwanzförmigen stirnseitigen Begrenzungsflächen des Formkörpers auch durch in vertikalen Ebenen verlaufende Flächenabschnitte 9 im Schnittwinkelbereich 6 ineinander übergehen und in den äusseren Schenkelbereichen 5 zu den Grund- und Deckflächen 2, 1 hin abgeschlossen sein.As can be seen from FIG. 4, the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 of the dovetail-shaped end boundary surfaces of the molded body can also merge into one another in the intersection angle region 6 by surface sections 9 running in vertical planes and in the outer leg regions 5 to the base and cover surfaces 2, 1 to be finished.

Weiterhin ist aus den Darstellungen der Fig. 5, 5a und 6 zu ersehen, dass in den stirnseitigen Begrezungsflächen 9 der Formkörper Absätze 9a angebracht werden können, durch welche es möglich ist, den formschlüssigen Verbund zwischen den Formkörpern in radialer Richtung zu verstärken, so dass eine bessere gegenseitige Abstützung der Formkörper zur Aufnahme des Gebirgsdruckes erreicht werden kann.5, 5a and 6 that the molded body shoulders 9a can be attached, by which it is possible to reinforce the positive connection between the shaped bodies in the radial direction, so that a better mutual support of the shaped bodies can be achieved to absorb the rock pressure.

Derartige Absätze können auch in Abwandlung der dargestellten Ausführung in die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Flächen 71 und 72 eingearbeitet werden.Such heels can also be incorporated into the dovetailed surfaces 7 1 and 7 2 in a modification of the embodiment shown.

Um diesen Abstützungseffekt noch zu verbessern, ist es, wie aus den Fig. 7 und 8 zu ersehen ist, ferner möglich, jedes der beiden Flächenteile 71 und 72 der einen Winkel zueinander bildenden Vorsprünge 5 und Vertiefungen 6 der Formkörper in zwei voneinander abgesetzte Teilflächen 7a und 7b voneinander zu trennen. Dabei bildet der Trennbereich zwischen den abgesetzten Teilflächen einen quer zu ihrer gemeinsamen Winkelschnittlinie Y verlaufenden Anschlag 7c. Diese Ausbildungsform ist - siehe Fig. 7 und 8 - sowohl bei den Ausführungen möglich, bei denen die Flächenteile 71 und 72 mittels gekrümmter Flächenabschnitte im Schnittwinkelbereich 6 und in den äusseren Schenkelbereichen 5 ineinander übergehen, wie auch bei den Ausführungen (veranschaulicht in Fig. 4), bei denen die Flächenteile 71 und 72 der schwalbenschwanzförmig ausgebildeten stirnseitigen Begrenzungsflächen der Formkörper durch in vertikalen Ebenen verlaufende Flächenabschnitte im Schnittwinkelbereich 6 und in den äusseren Schenkelbereichen 9a zu den Grund-und Deckflächen hin aneinander angeschlossen sind. In der Fig. 6 ist in der Draufsicht das Ineinandergreifen der aneinandergrenzenden Flächen 9 und deren Abstützung mittels Anschlagflächen 9a dargestellt.To further improve this support effect, it can also be seen, as can be seen from FIGS. 7 and 8, that each of the two surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 of the projections 5 and depressions 6 of the shaped bodies forming an angle to one another are offset in two from each other Separate sub-areas 7a and 7b. The separating area between the offset partial surfaces forms a stop 7c running transversely to their common angular intersection line Y. This embodiment is possible - see FIGS. 7 and 8 - both in the embodiments in which the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 merge into one another by means of curved surface sections in the cutting angle region 6 and in the outer leg regions 5, as well as in the embodiments (illustrated in FIG . 4), in which the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 of the dovetail-shaped end boundary surfaces of the shaped bodies are connected to one another by surface sections running in vertical planes in the intersection angle region 6 and in the outer leg regions 9a towards the base and cover surfaces. FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the interlocking of the adjoining surfaces 9 and their support by means of stop surfaces 9a.

Das Schachtmauerwerk kann verschiedene symmetrische oder unsymmetrische Grundrissquerschnitte haben; beispielsweise ist in den Fig. 9 und 10 ein achteckiger Polygon-Grundrissquerschnitt dargestellt. Bei dem Polygon-Querschnitt gemäss Fig. 9 weisen die Formkörper A ebene Seitenflächen 3, 4 und trapezförmige Grund- und Deckflächen auf, während bei dem Beispiel gemäss Fig. 10 die Formkörper A um eine senkrechte Achse abgewinkelt sind und ebenfalls ebene Seitenflächen 3, 4 besitzen, die zueinander den Polygon-Winkel des Oktogons von 135° bilden.The shaft masonry can have different symmetrical or asymmetrical layout cross sections; For example, an octagonal polygon plan cross section is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. 9, the molded bodies A have flat side surfaces 3, 4 and trapezoidal base and top surfaces, while in the example according to FIG. 10 the molded bodies A are angled about a vertical axis and also flat side surfaces 3, 4 have, which form the polygon angle of the octagon of 135 ° to each other.

In Fig. 11 ist die Draufsicht auf einem Wandungsausschnitt des Schachtbauwerks gemäss Fig. 3 dargestellt, bei dem eine abgewandelte Gestaltung der Formkörper in der zu Fig. 2 und 4 beschriebenen Weise verwendet wird, bei der die in vertikalen Ebenen verlaufenden Flächen 9 zwischen den Flächenteilen 71 und 72 ebenfalls um die Achsen Z aus ihrer Normallage herausgedreht und gegenüber den X-Achsen um einen Winkel so geneigt sind, dass die an die Flächen angelegten Geraden den Achsen Y, Y1 und Y2 entsprechen.FIG. 11 shows the top view of a wall section of the shaft structure according to FIG. 3, in which a modified design of the shaped bodies is used in the manner described for FIGS. 2 and 4, in which the surfaces 9 running in vertical planes between the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 are also rotated out of their normal position about the axes Z and are inclined at an angle with respect to the X axes so that the straight lines applied to the surfaces correspond to the axes Y, Y 1 and Y 2 .

Die Fig. 12 und 13 zeigen Teil-Querschnitte durch die Wandung des Schachtbauwerks. Die Zwischenspalte 10 zwischen den übereinander angeordneten Formkörpern sind unter dem Winkel β zum Schachtinneren hin ansteigend. In Fig. 12 ist der einzuführende Formstein A' strichpunktiert in seiner Stellung vor dem Einsetzen dargestellt. Nach dem Einsetzen in Pfeilrichtung nimmt er die in Fig. 13 dargestellte Lage ein.12 and 13 show partial cross sections through the wall of the shaft structure. The intermediate gaps 10 between the superimposed shaped bodies rise at an angle β towards the interior of the shaft. In Fig. 12 the molded block A 'to be introduced is shown in dash-dotted lines in its position before insertion. After insertion in the direction of the arrow, it assumes the position shown in FIG. 13.

Die Fig. 16 und 17 veranschaulichen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Formkörpern mit einer über die im Schachtinneren zugewandte zylindrische Oberfläche verlaufenden, schraubenlinienförmig gewundenen rinnenartigen Profilierung als Abschnitt einer Bunker-Wendelrinne. Bei einer Aufteilung eines kreiszylindrischen Schachtquerschnitts beispielsweise in acht Formsteine, genügt es, acht verschiedene Formsteine herzustellen, die zusammengesetzt eine volle Schraubenlinie ergeben, welche eine Steigung gleich einer Formkörperhöhe aufweist. Es kann selbstverständlich durch entsprechende Gestaltung auch jede andere Steigung hergestellt werden. In Fig. 16 ist eine Ausführung mit erhabener Rinne gezeigt, während der Formkörper gemäss Fig. 17 eine teilweise vertieft ausgebildete Rinne aufweist.16 and 17 illustrate design possibilities of shaped bodies with a channel-like profiled section running as a section of a bunker spiral channel, which extends over the cylindrical surface facing the inside of the shaft and is helically wound. When dividing a circular cylindrical shaft cross section, for example into eight shaped blocks, it is sufficient to produce eight different shaped blocks which, when put together, result in a full helix which has a slope equal to a shaped body height. Of course, any other slope can also be produced by appropriate design. FIG. 16 shows an embodiment with a raised channel, while the molded body according to FIG. 17 has a channel which is partially recessed.

Die Fig. 18 bis 20 zeigen Ausführungsbeispiele der Verfahrensweise zum Abdichten des ringförmigen Zwischenraumes 21 zwischen dem Schachtbauwerk-Aussenmantel 22 und der Schachtröhre 23. In Fig. 18 besteht die Abdichtung aus einem flexiblen schlauchartigen Gebilde 25, welches mit einem eingepressten abbindenden Material oder aber auch mit einem pastenartigen, weichen, leicht verformbaren Natur- oder Kunststoff gefüllt sein kann und dichtend an dem Schachtbauwerk-Aussenmantel 22 und der Oberfläche der Schachtröhre 23 anliegt. Die Abdichtung 25 wird mittels Haltern 30 von der Tragvorrichtung 29 in ihrer Lage gehalten, bis die Hinterfüllung abgebunden hat. Die Tragvorrichtung 29 ist aus fahrbaren Einzelsegmenten 28 gebildet, die unterhalb der Arbeitsbühne 27 angeordnet sind.18 to 20 show exemplary embodiments of the procedure for sealing the annular intermediate space 21 between the shaft structure outer casing 22 and the shaft tube 23. In FIG. 18, the seal consists of a flexible hose-like structure 25, which may be provided with a pressed-in setting material or else can be filled with a pasty, soft, easily deformable natural or plastic and sealingly abuts the outer casing 22 of the manhole structure and the surface of the manhole 23. The seal 25 is held in position by the support device 29 by means of holders 30 until the backfill has set. The carrying device 29 is formed from movable individual segments 28 which are arranged below the work platform 27.

In Fig. 19 ist eine andere Verfahrensweise zur Abdichtung des Zwischenraumes 21 zwischen Schachtröhre 23 und Schachtbauwerk-Aussenmantel 22 dargestellt. Auch bei dieser Verfahrensweise wird eine Tragvorrichtung 29 in den Zwischenraum 21 eingefahren, und darauf wird mittels einer nicht dargestellten Vorrichtung in den Raum über der Tragvorrichtung 29 eine aufschäumbare Kunststoffmasse, z. B. Polyurethan, eingespritzt. Die Tragvorrichtung hat in diesem Fall die Aufgabe, zu verhindern, dass die eingespritze Kunststoffmasse während des Aufschäumens bis zur Erstarrung nach unten in den freien Zwischenraum absinken kann. Nachdem die Erstarrung des Hinterfüllbetons eingetreten ist, wird die Haltevorrichtung 29 wieder nach unten abgesenkt und in den Bereich der Arbeitsbühne 27 eingezogen. Anschliessend kann die Hinterfüllung durch Eingiessen oder Einspritzen des Hinterfüllbetons durchgeführt werden.FIG. 19 shows another procedure for sealing the intermediate space 21 between the shaft tube 23 and the shaft structure outer casing 22. In this procedure too, a carrying device 29 is inserted into the intermediate space 21, and a foamable plastic mass, e.g. B. polyurethane injected. In this case, the carrying device has the task of preventing the injected plastic compound from sinking down into the free space during foaming until it solidifies. After the solidification of the backfill concrete has occurred, the holding device 29 is lowered again and drawn into the area of the work platform 27. The backfill can then be carried out by pouring or injecting the backfill concrete.

Eine weitere abgewandelte Verfahrensweise geht aus der Fig. 20 hervor. Dort ist eine an der Arbeitsbühne 27 angeordnete ein- und ausfahrbare und heb- und senkbare Tragvorrichtung 33, 34, 35 gezeigt, an welcher ein aus flexiblem, elastischem, undurchlässigem Material bestehender Ringschlauch 32 angebracht und befestigt wird. Der Ringschlauch 32 wird darauf durch Einpressen eines gasförmigen oder flüssigen Druckmittels aufgebläht, so dass er sich dichtend an die Schachtröhre 23 und den Schachtbauwerk-Aussenmantel 22 anlegt. Danach wird die Hinterfüllung durchgeführt. Wenn der Hinterfüllbeton abgebunden hat, kann die Abdichtung durch Entleeren des Druckmittels aus dem Ringschlauch 32 aufgehoben und dieser mittels der Tragvorrichtung 33, 34, 35 aus dem Ringraum 21 entfernt und beim nächsten Hinterfüllabschnitt wieder verwendet werden. Die Tragvorrichtung besteht auch in diesem Fall aus an der Arbeitsbühne 27 angeordneten Einzelsegmenten. Diese sind als Teleskope 33 zum Ausfahren in radialen Richtungen und als in vertikaler Richtung angeordneter weiterer Teleskope 34 zum senkrechten Einfahren nach oben in die Abdichtstellung in dem ringförmigen Zwischenraum 21 ausgebildet.Another modified procedure is shown in FIG. 20. There is a retractable and extendable and liftable and lowerable support device 33, 34 arranged on the work platform 27, 35 is shown, to which an annular hose 32 made of flexible, elastic, impermeable material is attached and fastened. The ring hose 32 is then inflated by pressing in a gaseous or liquid pressure medium, so that it lies sealingly against the shaft tube 23 and the shaft structure outer jacket 22. The backfill is then carried out. When the backfill concrete has set, the seal can be removed by emptying the pressure medium from the ring hose 32 and this can be removed from the annular space 21 by means of the carrying device 33, 34, 35 and used again in the next backfill section. In this case too, the carrying device consists of individual segments arranged on the work platform 27. These are designed as telescopes 33 for extending in radial directions and as further telescopes 34 arranged in the vertical direction for vertically entering the sealing position in the annular space 21.

Die vorstehend näher erläuterte, in Fig. 20 dargestellte Arbeitsweise vereinigt mehrere Vorteile in sich. Der Abdichtschlauch 32 kann immer wieder verwendet werden und verbleibt an der Tragvorrichtung; diese wird daher lediglich mittels der Arbeitsbühne 27 oder einer hier nicht dargestellten besonderen Bühne nach unten gefahren. Damit wird der freie Raum geschaffen, um mittels nicht dargestellter Manipuliervorrichtungen die nächste und die weiteren Formkörper-Ringe einzusetzen. Wenn ein neuer Absatz hinterfüllt werden soll, wird lediglich die Tragvorrichtung mit dem Abdichtschlauch 32 nach oben in die Abdichtstellung - siehe Fig. 20-gefahren. Nach dem Aufblähen der Abdichtung kann sofort der nächste Hinterfüllvorgang eingeleitet werden.The mode of operation explained in more detail above, shown in FIG. 20, combines several advantages. The sealing hose 32 can be used again and again and remains on the carrying device; this is therefore only lowered by means of the work platform 27 or a special stage, not shown here. This creates the free space for inserting the next and the further shaped body rings by means of manipulation devices (not shown). If a new paragraph is to be backfilled, only the carrying device is moved with the sealing tube 32 upwards into the sealing position - see FIG. 20. After the sealing has inflated, the next backfilling process can be initiated immediately.

In Fig. 21 ist ein Teilschnitt durch zwei übereinanderstehende Formkörper A gezeigt, deren Grund- und Deckflächen 1, 2 in einem Winkel zum Schachtinneren hin ansteigen. Der Zwischenspalt 10 ist mit einem Füllkörper 36 ausgefüllt, der als Keil mit geringer Steigung ausgebildet ist. Dadurch werden die Formkörper A gegeneinander verspannt. Der Füllkörper 36 kann aus dem Werkstoff der Formkörper, oder aber auch aus einem etwas weicheren und elastischeren Material hergestellt sein.21 shows a partial section through two superimposed molded bodies A, the base and top surfaces 1, 2 of which rise at an angle to the interior of the shaft. The intermediate gap 10 is filled with a filler 36, which is designed as a wedge with a slight slope. As a result, the molded bodies A are braced against one another. The filler 36 can be made from the material of the molded body, or else from a somewhat softer and more elastic material.

Die Fig. 22 zeigt Ausschnitte von drei mittels ihrer schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge 5 und Vertiefungen 6 ineinandergreifenden Formkörpern A. Dabei sind zwischen den Flächenteilen 71 und 72 der ineinandergreifenden Grenzflächen folienartige Einlagen 37 aus einem druckfesten, jedoch elastisch oder plastisch verformbaren Werkstoff eingelegt. Als Werkstoffe für diese Einlagen 37 kommen Kunststoff-Polymerisate oder auch Kunststoffe auf PTFE-Basis in Betracht. Durch diese Einlagen wird nicht nur eine gewisse Dichtwirkung erzielt. Hauptsächlich können solche Einlagen auch die auf den Formkörperverbund wirksamen Verformungskräfte aus den Gebirgsdruck vergleichsmässigen und elastischer auf die einzelnen Formkörper verteilen.22 shows sections of three interlocking molded bodies A by means of their dovetail-shaped projections 5 and depressions 6. Foil-like inserts 37 made of a pressure-resistant but elastically or plastically deformable material are inserted between the surface parts 7 1 and 7 2 of the interlocking interfaces. Plastic polymers or PTFE-based plastics come into consideration as materials for these inserts 37. These inserts not only achieve a certain sealing effect. Mainly, such inserts can also distribute the deformation forces from the rock pressure, which are effective on the molded body composite, more evenly and elastically over the individual molded bodies.

Die erfindungsgemässen Formkörper sowie das Schachtbauwerk nach der Erfindung und die Verfahrensweise zu seiner Herstellung können über die vorstehend nur beispielsweise dargestellten und beschriebenen Verkörperungen hinaus noch abgewandelt und umgestaltet werden, wobei stets der Grundgedanke darin besteht, bei einem formschlüssigen Ineinandergreifen von je drei Formkörpern mit ihren stirnseitigen Begrezungsflächen eine Möglichkeit des leichten Einfügens immer weiterer Formkörper von innen her in der Weise zu schaffen, dass in die sich nach unten bildenden, von je zwei Vorsprüngen benachbarten Formkörper begrenzten Lücken von aussen nach innen schräg ansteigen, und dass von oben nach unten sämtliche Formkörperringe aneinanderhängen. Dadurch ist es möglich, dem Abteuffortschritt in gleicher Geschwindigkeit zu folgen und nach unten fortschreitend eine standsichere und allen Anforderungen entsprechende endgültige Schachtauskleidung herzustellen.The moldings according to the invention, as well as the shaft structure according to the invention and the procedure for its manufacture, can be modified and redesigned beyond the embodiments shown and described above only, whereby the basic idea is always, with a positive interlocking of three moldings with their front sides Covering surfaces to create a possibility for easy insertion of more and more molded articles from the inside in such a way that the gaps which form downwards and are delimited by two protrusions adjacent to each other rise obliquely from the outside inwards and that all the molded article rings hang together from top to bottom . This makes it possible to follow the progress of the sinking at the same speed and progressively downwards to produce a stable shaft lining that meets all requirements.

Dabei ist die Erfindung nicht allein auf bergmännische Schachtbauwerke für den Untertage-Bergbau beschränkt. In gleicher Weise lässt sie sich für alle vorkommenden Vertikal-Schächte einsetzen, beispielsweise für Belüftungsschächte von Stollen und Tunnelstrecken, oder auch für sonstige Tiefbauschächte, wie z.B. Brunnenschächte u.dgl. mehr. Auch in diesen Fällen ergeben sich bei Anwendung der Erfindung ganz erhebliche Einsparungen an technischem Aufwand und erhebliche Zeitersparnisse.The invention is not limited to mining shaft structures for underground mining. In the same way, it can be used for all vertical shafts that occur, for example for ventilation shafts of tunnels and tunnel sections, or for other civil engineering shafts, such as Well shafts and the like more. In these cases, too, considerable savings in technical outlay and considerable time savings result when using the invention.

Claims (28)

1. An element for a pit structure bounded by two sides (3, 4) arranged like two lines running parallel if viewed from the top and a roof (1) and a floor (2) arranged like two lines running parallel and separated by a distance equal to the height of said element if viewed from the side and mirror-inverted dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) at the two faces of said element, said juts and recesses consisting of parts forming right, obtuse or acute angles (a) between each other characterized in that said roof (1) and said floor (2) arranged like two parallel lines separated by a distance equal to the height of said element if viewed from the side rise from the outside to the inside forming an acute angle (β) and in that the two face parts (71, 72) join or are separated by curved (8) or straight (9) intermediate parts and in that the extreme legs of said two face parts (7', 72) form an acute angle (y) or are connected to the adjacent floor (2) or roof (1) by means of said curved or straight parts (8, 9).
2. An element according to generic claim 1, characterized in that said element consists of two or more element sections forming a monobloc structure, an angle being formed between each two of such element sections, and in that the roof (1) and the floor (2) of each such element section arranged like two parallel lines separated by a distance equal to the height of said element if viewed from the side rise from the outside to the inside forming an acute angle (a) and in that the two face parts (71, 72) of the extreme element sections join or are separated by curved (8) or straight (9) intermediate parts and in that the extreme legs of said two face parts (71, 72) form an acute angle (y) or are connected to the adjacent floor (2) or roof (1) by means of said curved or straight parts (8, 9) (see Figs. 9 and 10).
3. An element according to generic claim 1, characterized in that said element is bounded by curved sides (3, 4) arranged like two concentric circular lines (1', 2") if viewed from the top and a conical-surface floor (2) and roof (1) arranged like two lines running parallel rising slightly to the inside and forming an acute angle (β) and separated by a distance equal to the height of said element if viewed from the side and two face parts (71, 72) joining or separated by curved (8) or straight (9) intermediate parts and in that the extreme legs of said two face parts (71, 72) form an acute angle (y) or are connected to the adjacent floor (2) or roof (1) by means of said curved or straight parts (8, 9).
4. An element for a pit structure according to any of claims 1 through 3 characterized in that said face parts (71, 72) forming said dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) and assigned to polar lines (x, x1, x2) feature concave or convex curves tangent to said polar lines, said curves varying continuously in the longitudinal directions of said parts.
5. An element according to any of claims 1 through 4 characterized in that said element features through-wall bores (12) in its cross-sections in the direction of its sides (3, 4) parallel to its floor (2) and roof (1), said bores having a certain distance from said floor (2) and said roof (1) and in that said element incorporates further bores (12', 12") in the direction of the bores first herein referred to (see Figs. 14 and 19).
6. An element according to any of claims 1 through 5 characterized in that said element incorporates a helical groove-type profile running diagonally on the cylindrical surfaces facing the inside of the pit, said profile forming a section of a bunker-worm arrangement and being sunk into or protruding from said surfaces (see Figs. 16 and 17).
7. A pit structure consisting of elements according to any of claims 1 through 6 characterized in that said elements (A) with flat floors (2) and roofs (1) placed exactly on top of each other and joining at their faces are alternately raised or lowered in the horizontal planes (E) by part of their heights and in that the faces of each three such elements (A\ A2, A3) are interlocked by means of their dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) (see Figs. 1, 12 and 13).
8. A pit structure according to claim 7 characterized in that the above-referenced two face parts (71,72) forming angle (a) of the dovetailed faces of said elements (A) converge in the intersection region (6) through their curved parts and converge to the floor (2) and the roof (1) in the extreme parts of the legs (9) of said angle (a).
9. A pit structure according to claim 7 characterized in that the above-referenced face parts (71, 72) forming angle (a) of the dovetailed faces of said elements (A) are terminated in the intersection regions (6) of said elements (A) and in the extreme leg regions (9) at the floor ends (2) and the roof ends (1) by means of parts (9) running in vertical planes (see Fig. 4).
10. A pit structure according to claim 7 characterized in that each of said two face parts (7) of the juts (5) and recesses (6) of each element (A) forming angle (a) is split into two sub-parts (7a, 7b) and in that said split represents a stop perpendicular to their joint angle intersection (Y) (see Fig. 5).
11. A pit structure according to claim 7 characterized in that the horizontal projection of said structure is a polygonal ring, the floors (2) and the roofs (1) of the elements (A) making up said pit structure being trapezoidal if viewed from the top (see Fig. 9).
12. A pit structure according to claim 7 characterized in that the horizontal projection of said structure is a polygonal ring, the sides of the elements (A) making up said pit structure being not less than once inclined to vertical axes (see Fig. 10).
13. A pit structure according to claim 7 characterized in that the horizontal projection of said structure shows a circular cylindrical shell, the elements (A) making up said structure being sections of said circular cylindrical shell if viewed from the top.
14. A pit structure according to any of claims 7 through 13, characterized in that the gaps between the adjacent floors (2) and roofs (1) of the elements (A) of said structure forming an acute angle (β) with the inside of said structure (M) rise.
15. A pit structure according to any of claims 7 through 14 characterized in that the above-referenced face parts (71, 72) of the dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) of each element (A) forming angle (a) are curved their intersections (y, y1, y2) representing the angle intersection (y) of said two face parts (71, 72) and the intersections with the floor (2) and the roof (1) of said element (A) are located parallel to polar line (x) running through the area enclosed by said intersections (y1, y2) on the two sides of the centerline (M) of said structure (11).
16. A pit structure according to any of claims 7 through 14 characterized in that the above-referenced face parts (71, 72) of the dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) of each element (A) forming angle (a) are curved their intersections (y, y1, y2) representing the angle intersection (y) of said two face parts (71, 72) and the intersections with the floor (2) and the roof (1) of said element (A) intersect polar line (x) running through the area enclosed by said intersections (y1, y2) and form acute angles with said polar line (see Figs. 11 and 14).
17. A pit structure according to any of claims 7 through 16 characterized in that the polar line through the above-referenced face parts (71, 72) of the dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) of each element (A) slightly rise toward the centerline (M) of said pit structure.
18. A method of building a pit structure according to any one or several of claims 7 through 17, installing elements according to any of claims 1 through 6 in a borehole produced by means of known drilling or shooting methods characterized in that a top ring of such elements is fixed in place leaving space (20) between said elements fixed in place for the addition of new elements interlocking with said elements in place by means of their dovetailed juts (5) and recesses (6) to form consecutive new such rings of elements and in that the gap (21) between the outer shell (22) of the pit structure and the borehole (23) is backfilled, working section by section from the top to the bottom, by a setting slurry-type or pasty or liquid fluid (24) for sealing said gap (21) between said pit structure and the rock (see Figs. 1, 12, 13 and 20).
19. A method according to claim 18 characterized in that said setting material (24) is grout.
20. A method according to claim 19 characterized in that a seal consisting of a flexible element (25) is fitted and held in a horizontal position in the gap (21) between the borehole (23) and the outer shell (22) of the pit structure for section-by-section backfilling said gap and in that the setting material is filled or injected into said gap (21) bottom sealed as described hereinabove (see Figs. 18 and 19).
21. A method according to claim 20 characterized in that the sealing means (25) is a flexible hose-type arrangement with walls of limited elasticity filled by the injection of said setting material so brought to seal the gap between the outer shell of said pit structure (22) and the inner surface of the borehole (23) (see Fig. 18).
22. A method according to claim 20 characterized in that the sealing means (25) is a flexible hose-type arrangement partly filled with a soft and pasty natural or plastic material that will deform easily and is pushed to the outer shell of said pit structure (22) and the inner surface of the borehole (23) by the compressive load of the backfilling material filled in the annular gap (21) from the surface (see Fig. 18).
23. A method according to claim 20 characterized in that the sealing means (25) between the borehole (23) and the outer shell of said pit structure (22) is made by filling an expanding plastic material such as polyurethane into the gap (21) referred to hereinabove (see Fig. 19).
24. A method according to any of claims 20 to 23 characterized in that the sealing means (25) is introduced in the annular gap (21) between the borehole (23) and the outer shell of said pit structure (22) by means of a circular device designed for lowering and lifting operations held in place until the backfilling material has set (see Figs. 18 and 19).
25. A method according to claim 24 characterized in that the circular device (29) lowering into and being raised from the gap (21) between the outer shell of said pit structure (22) and the borehole (23) consists of elements (28) and is loaded with the sealing means (25) on platform (27) and held in place by means of holding devices (30) fitted to said circular device (29) (see Fig. 18).
26. A method according to any of claims 20 to 24 characterized in that an annular hose-type arrangement (32) consisting of flexible plastic and impermeable material is lowered by means of the circular device (35) into the annular gap (21) between the outer shell of said pit structure (22) and the borehole (23), expanded by the injection of a gaseous or liquid fluid for intimate contact with said outer shell of said pit structure and said borehole and removed for from the annular gap (21) by means of device (35) when the backfilling material (24) has set and the pressurizing fluid has been removed (see Fig. 20).
27. A method of building a pit structure according to any of claims 7 through 24 using elements according to any of claims 1 through 6 characterized in that the gaps (10) between adjacent floors (2) and roofs (1) of said elements (A) rising toward the inside of said pit structure according to claim 17 are filled by means of monobloc or multi- segment filling elements (32) consisting of the same material as said elements or a material of slightly greater elasticity (see Fig. 20).
28. A method of building a pit structure according to any of claims 7 through 17 using elements according to any of claims 1 through 6 characterized in that inserts (36) are inserted between interlocking dovetailed juts and recess surfaces for even load distribution, said inserts consisting of elastic material of adequate compressive strength.
EP80104390A 1979-07-30 1980-07-25 Moulded block for constructing a shaft lining and shaft lining consisting of these moulded blocks and a method of constructing this shaft lining Expired EP0023681B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80104390T ATE9729T1 (en) 1979-07-30 1980-07-25 MOLDED ELEMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A SHAFT CONSTRUCTION AND THESE MOLDED ELEMENTS EXISTING SHAFT CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2930900 1979-07-30
DE2930900A DE2930900C2 (en) 1979-07-30 1979-07-30 Shaped stone for the expansion of a seigeren shaft and a process for the production of a shaft structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0023681A1 EP0023681A1 (en) 1981-02-11
EP0023681B1 true EP0023681B1 (en) 1984-10-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80104390A Expired EP0023681B1 (en) 1979-07-30 1980-07-25 Moulded block for constructing a shaft lining and shaft lining consisting of these moulded blocks and a method of constructing this shaft lining

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0023681B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE9729T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2930900C2 (en)
PL (1) PL225982A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE437873C (en) * 1926-11-29 Schlesische Bergbau Ges M B H Reinforced concrete tunnel lining
DE1049332B (en) * 1959-01-29
DE270528C (en) *
AT49300B (en) * 1909-10-22 1911-08-10 Hiltruper Terrazzo Method of lining manholes with concrete.
FR448409A (en) * 1912-09-17 1913-01-30 Marcel Gillieaux Wall and cladding construction system
US1585003A (en) * 1921-04-14 1926-05-18 William E Wilson Tile and tile arch
AT100316B (en) * 1924-01-02 1925-06-25 Hans Ing Neubauer Molded stone with support pins for expanding manholes and the like like
DE507979C (en) * 1925-12-01 1930-10-02 Heinrich Hellhammer Process for lining tracks for mines
FR619100A (en) * 1926-04-20 1927-03-25 Process allowing the masonry of the wells as the digging progresses, without protective formwork
AT115744B (en) * 1927-06-22 1930-01-10 Stephan Froelich & Kluepfel Expansion for mine shafts or the like from reinforced concrete blocks.
DE767009C (en) * 1939-10-10 1951-07-26 Emil Schmidtmann Resilient concrete multi-stone lining for mine sections, shafts and tunnels
DE901238C (en) * 1951-04-25 1954-01-07 Heraeus Gmbh W C Safety wall for rooms or chambers at risk of explosion
DE1654765U (en) * 1953-01-28 1953-04-30 Eberhard Borges MOLDING STONE FOR PIT, SHAFT, TUNNEL REMOVAL AND THE LIKE.
DE1195701B (en) * 1963-06-25 1965-07-01 Helmut Jeschor Dipl Ing Double-shell shaft lining for dismantling close to the shaft
CH479777A (en) * 1968-09-26 1969-10-15 Spribag Ag Open gutter
DE6910034U (en) * 1969-03-12 1969-10-23 Helmut Huehnerbach COMPONENT FOR ERECTING SUPPORT PILLARS, ESPECIALLY IN MINING UNDERGROUND OPERATION
US3620025A (en) * 1970-01-22 1971-11-16 Commercial Shearing Interlocking boltless lining and support structure for underground openings
US4104885A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-08-08 Fairclough Construction Group Limited Tunnel lining

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0023681A1 (en) 1981-02-11
ATE9729T1 (en) 1984-10-15
PL225982A1 (en) 1981-04-24
DE2930900A1 (en) 1981-02-26
DE2930900C2 (en) 1986-05-07

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