EP0023028A1 - Mixtures of optical brighteners and their use - Google Patents
Mixtures of optical brighteners and their use Download PDFInfo
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- EP0023028A1 EP0023028A1 EP80104163A EP80104163A EP0023028A1 EP 0023028 A1 EP0023028 A1 EP 0023028A1 EP 80104163 A EP80104163 A EP 80104163A EP 80104163 A EP80104163 A EP 80104163A EP 0023028 A1 EP0023028 A1 EP 0023028A1
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- group
- phenyl
- alkoxy
- hydrogen
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- 0 *C1=CCCC=C1 Chemical compound *C1=CCCC=C1 0.000 description 8
- ZNAXSWNWECQJDZ-DAXSKMNVSA-N C/C(/C(C)=[IH])=N/N Chemical compound C/C(/C(C)=[IH])=N/N ZNAXSWNWECQJDZ-DAXSKMNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZTKINGBFVDAQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC1=CCCC=C1 Chemical compound C=CC1=CCCC=C1 OZTKINGBFVDAQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C=Cc1ccccc1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJVRBLGKBMCRBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1C(CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC=C(C)C1 Chemical compound CC1C(CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC=C(C)C1 IJVRBLGKBMCRBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DANMWBNOPFBJSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C)c(I)ccc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)c(I)ccc1 DANMWBNOPFBJSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWDDYYBZTWYPLT-NXVVXOECSA-N N#CC1C(/C=C\C2=CCC(CCc(cc3)ccc3C#N)C=C2)=CC=CC1 Chemical compound N#CC1C(/C=C\C2=CCC(CCc(cc3)ccc3C#N)C=C2)=CC=CC1 RWDDYYBZTWYPLT-NXVVXOECSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O [OH2+]c1ccccc1 Chemical compound [OH2+]c1ccccc1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/60—Optical bleaching or brightening
- D06L4/65—Optical bleaching or brightening with mixtures of optical brighteners
Definitions
- alkyl and alkoxy groups and other groups derived therefrom contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the term “non-chromophoric substituents” is to be understood as meaning alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, trifluoromethyl, cycloalkyl, halogen, alkylsulfonyl, carboxy, sulfonic acid, cyano, carbonamide, sulfonamide, carboxylic acid alkyl ester, sulfonic acid alkyl ester.
- component B consisting of one or more compounds of the formulas 2b-6b where R in the 5-position is a hydrogen or chlorine atom, a methyl or phenyl group and R 2 is a hydrogen atom or R 1 and R 2 are both a methyl group in the 5,6- or 5,7-position, n 0 or 1 and B is a Cyano or carbo (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy group or a group of the formulas means, wherein R 14 is (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 ) chloroalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy- (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, hydroxy (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl or a group of the formula - (CH 2 CH 2 0) n -R, n 2 or 3 and R hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, R 15 phenyl,
- component B consisting of one or more compounds of the following formulas: wherein R 1 and R 2 in the 5,6-position methyl and B carbomethoxy, R hydrogen, R 1 hydrogen or methyl in the 5-position and B carbomethoxy, cyano or a group of the formulas wherein R 14 and R 22 are (C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl and R 15 is phenyl, 4-methylphenyl or 4-methoxyphenyl, or R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or t-butyl in the 5-position, R 2 is hydrogen or methyl in 7-position and B is phenyl, where R 3 is hydrogen or methoxy, or where R 2 is hydrogen or methyl.
- component A is prepared 1 mole equivalent of a compound of the formula 2 mole equivalent of a mixture of the
- the ratio of compounds 10 ' and 11 determines the composition of the mixture. If the proportion of 10 is higher, the proportion of compound 1 increases at the expense of compound 3, if the proportion of compound 11 is higher, the proportion of compound 3 in mixtures will be higher than 1.
- one of the symbols X or Q represents an aldehyde group and the other symbol a group of the formulas where R represents an optionally substituted alkyl radical having preferably 1-6 carbon atoms, an aryl radical, preferably phenyl, a cycloalkyl radical or an aralkyl radical, preferably benzyl.
- the process is preferably carried out in solvents by in the presence of a proton acceptor.
- solvents are hydrocarbons such as toluene.
- Xylene alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol butanol, glycols, hexanols, cyclohexanols, also called ethers such as diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- Polar organic solvents such as formamide, dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone are particularly suitable, with dimethylformamide being particularly emphasized.
- Suitable proton aceptors are primarily basic compounds, such as alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alcoholates or amides, strongly basic amines and anion exchange resins in the hydroxyl form.
- alkali metal hydroxides in particular potassium hydroxide, is preferred.
- the reaction temperature depends on the type of components to be reacted, in particular on the type of organic compound containing carbonyl groups and the proton acceptor; it is between -10 ° C and + 100 ° C, advantageously between 0 ° - 50 ° C.
- a preferred embodiment is to bring the reactants together at lower temperatures and to complete the reaction at a higher temperature.
- the claimed process can be carried out, for example, by placing the proton acceptor in the solvent and adding a solution of the reaction components 9-11 in the solvent, but it is also possible to add the compounds 9-11 and adding them to the proteone acceptors.
- a further embodiment consists in presenting the compounds 9-11, in which X or Q represents a group of the formula 12a-d, then first adding the proton acceptor and then the aldehyde component. The reaction generally takes place with intense heat so that cooling may be necessary.
- the reactor mixture is worked up in a known manner, for example by adding methanol or ethanol and separating off the precipitated products.
- the product mixtures obtained in this way can be analyzed and characterized by HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography).
- the starting compounds of the formulas 9-11 are known or can be prepared by known processes.
- R 14 is alkyl, chloroalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl or a group of the formula - (CH 2 CH 2 O) n -R, where n is 2 or 3 and R is hydrogen or alkyl
- R 15 is phenyl, which can be substituted by one or two chlorine atoms, one or two alkyl, alkoxyalkyl groups, a phenyl, cyano, carboxylic acid, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, S u l - fonic acid, sulfonic acid amide, or sulfonic acid alkyl ester group may
- R 23 is cyano or carboalkoxy and R 22 is alkyl.
- R 3 is hydrogen or alkoxy
- R 4 alkoxy and R 5 is alkyl, alkoxyalkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl.
- R 6 phenyl or the group of the formula and R 7 , the groups of the formulas means.
- R 1 " and R 2" are hydrogen or alkyl and B "is a group of the formulas -CN or -COOalkyl and R 14 " denotes alkyl or methoxyethyl.
- R 14 denotes alkyl or methoxyethyl.
- the mixing ratio for the individual components is between 0.05 and 0.95 parts by weight for component A and correspondingly 0.95 to 0.05 parts by weight for the other compounds of the formulas 4 to 8.
- These compounds of the formulas up to 8 can be used individually but also in any mixture with one another, the mixing ratio of these compounds with one another being completely uncritical and being able to be varied as desired.
- a mixing ratio of 5 to 50% by weight for component A and 95 to 50% by weight of one or more brighteners of the formulas 4 to 8 (component B) is preferred.
- the optimal mixing ratio of all compounds depends on the structure of the respective compounds in individual cases and can easily be determined by simple preliminary tests.
- the individual Components are brought into the Hancels form by dispersion in a liquid medium, for example water.
- the individual components can be dispersed individually and then the dispersions can be added together.
- the individual components can also be mixed together in bulk and then dispersed together. This dispersion process takes place in the usual way in ball mills, colloid mills, bead mills or dispersion kneaders.
- the mixtures according to the invention are particularly suitable for lightening textile material made from linear polyesters, polyamides and acetyl cellulose. However, these mixtures can also be used with good results in mixed fabrics which consist of linear polyesters and other synthetic or natural fiber materials, in particular fibers containing hydroxyl groups, in particular cotton.
- optical brighteners are applied under the conditions customary for the use of optical brighteners, for example using the exhaust process at 90 ° C. to 130 ° C. with or without addition of accelerators (carriers) or using the thermosol process.
- the water-insoluble brighteners and the mixtures according to the invention can also be used in solution in organic solvents, for example perchlorethylene, fluorinated hydrocarbons.
- the textile material can be treated in the exhaust process with the solvent liquor, which contains the optical brightener, or one can impregnate, splash, spray the textile material with the brightener-containing solvent liquor and then dry at temperatures of 120 - 220 ° C, whereby the optical brightener is completely fixed in the fiber.
- the material is squeezed between rollers with a padder so that there is a moisture absorption of approx. 80%. This corresponds to an absorption of optical brighteners on the goods of 0.064%.
- the material which has been blocked in this way was then thermosolated on a stenter frame for 30 seconds at 170 ° (Table I) or 210 ° (Table II).
- the specified degrees of whiteness according to Ganz were obtained.
- the degrees of whiteness were measured using a DMC-25 reflectance spectrophotometer. ( C arl Zeiss company, Oberkochen.
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Abstract
Description
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Mischungen von optischen Aufhellern bestehend aus
- A) 0,05 bis 0,95 Gew.-Teilen eines Gemisches bestehend aus 0 bis 80 Gew.-% der Verbindung der Formel 1
- B) 0,95 bis 0,05 Gew.-Teilen einer oder mehrerer Verbindungen der Formeln 4, 5, 6, 7 oder 8
- n 0 oder 1,
- X ein Sauerstoff- oder Schwefelatom,
- R1 und R2 gleiche oder verschiedene Reste aus der Gruppe Wasserstoff-, Fluor- oder Chloratome, Phenyl, Trifluormethyl, C1-C9 Alkyl, Alkoxy, Dialkylamino, Acylamino, Cyano, Carboxy, Carboalkoxy, Carbonsäureamid, Sulfon-. säure, Sulfonsäureamid oder Sulfonsäurealkylester, bedeutet, wobei zwei benachbarte Reste R1 und R2 zusammen auch für einen Benzoring, eine niedere Alkylen-oder eine 1,3-Dioxapropylengruppe stehen können,
- B Cyano, eine Gruppe der Formel -COOR11 oder CONR11 R 11 wobei R11 Wasserstoff, C1-C18Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Halogenaryl, Aralkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Halogenalkyl, Hydroxyalkyl, Alkylaminoalkyl, Carboxyalkyl oder Carboalkoxyalkyl bedeutet oder zwei Alkyl- bzw. Alkylenreste unter der Bedeutung von R11 zusammen mit dem Stickstoffatom auch einen Morpholin-, Piperidin- oder Piperazinring bilden können, bedeutet, oder B eine Gruppe der Formel
wobei R14 eine geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkylgruppe mit 1 - 18 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise 1 - 6 C-Atomen, die durch Hydroxylgruppen, Halogenatome, Alkoxy-, Dialkylamino-, Alkylmercapto-, Chloraryloxy-, Aryloxy-, Arylmercapto- oder Arylreste substituiert sein kann, wobei im Falle der Dialkylaminoalkylgruppen die beiden Alkylgruppen zusammen auch einen Morpholin-, Piperidin- oder Piperazinring bilden können, oder R14 eine Gruppe der Formel -(CH2CH20)n-R mit n 1, 2 oder 3 und R=H, Alkyl, Dialkylaminoalkoxyalkyl oder Alkylthioalkoxyalkyl, wobei die Dialkylgruppen im Dialkylaminoalkoxyalkyl zusammen einen Piperidin-, Pyrrolidin-, Hexamethylenimen-, Mor- pholin-.oder Piperazinring bilden können, oder R14 einen Rest der Formel - R22 ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Triphenylmethylgruppe oder einen niederen Alkylrest bedeutet, der gegebenenfalls durch eine niedere Carbalkoxy-, Carbonamido-, Mono- oder Dialkylcarbonamido-, Carboxy- oder Benzoylgruppe substituiert ist und R23 eine Cyangruppe oder eine Gruppe der Formeln
- Y, 0, S oder N-R mit R = H oder (Cl bis C4)-Alkyl bedeuten,
- oder B eine Gruppe der Formel
- worin R15 einen Phenylring, der durch ein oder zwei Chloratome, ein oder zwei Alkyl- oder Alkoxyalkylgruppen, eine Phenyl-, Cyano-, Carboxy-, Carboalkoxy-, Carbonsäureamid-, Sulfonsäure-, Sulfonsäureamid- oder Sulfonsäurealkylestergruppe substituiert sein kann, bedeutet,
- R3 und R gleich oder verschieden sein können und Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, Alkoxy, Hydroxyalkoxyethyl, Halogenalkyl, Aralkyl, Aryl oder N,N-di-alkylamin bedeuten oder R3 und R4 bilden zusammen einen fünfgliedrigen Heterocyclus mit 1 bis 3 Heteroatomen, vorzugsweise N-Atomen,
- R5 geradkettige oder verzweigtes Alkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Dialkylaminoalkyl oder einen Rest der Formel
- worin R16 Wasserstoff, C2-C8-Alkanoyl, Benzoyl oder ein Rest der Formel
- und R17 Wasserstoff, Alkyl oder Phenyl, R18 Alkyl, Phenyl, Halogenphenyl oder Tolyl und R19 C1-C8-Alkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Cyclohexyl, Benzyl, Phenyläthyl oder gegebenenfalls durch nichtchromophore Substituenten substituiertes Phenyl ist,
- oder R5 einen Rest der Formel
- worin R20 C1-C10p-Alkyl, C2-C6-Alken;Tl, C2-C6-Alkinyl, C1-C8-Alkoxy, C1-C8-Alkyl- oder Dialkylamino, Phenoxymethyl, Phenyl, Tolyl, Benzyl oder Phenyläthyl und R21 C3-C10-Alkyl ist, das durch Phenyl, Hydroxyphenyl, Methoxy oder Dimethoxy substituiert sein kann,
- worin R16 Wasserstoff, C2-C8-Alkanoyl, Benzoyl oder ein Rest der Formel
- R6 einen gegebenenfalls durch nicht-chromophore Substituenten substituierten Arylrest, einen 1, 2, 4-Triazol-1-yl- phenyl-, 1, 2, 3-Triazol-4-yl-phenyl-, 1, 2, 3-Triazol-3-yl- phenyl- oder 1, 2, 3-Triazol-2-yl-phenylrest bedeutet, die gegebenenfalls durch 1 oder 2 C1-C3-Alkyl- oder Oxalkylgruppen, durch Oxaryl, Oxalkenyl oder Oxalkanoyl substituiert sein können, oder R6 einen heterocyclischen Ring mit 1 - 3 Heteroatomen, vorzugsweise N oder 0 bedeutet. der durch Alkyl, Alkoxy, Halogen, Aryl oder Halogenaryl substituiert sein kann, oder R6 einen 1-Oxa-2, 4-diazol-5-yl-Rest bedeutet, der durch Benzyl, Alkoxyphenyl, Styryl,.Halogen, Alkoxy oder eine weitere heterocyclische Gruppe substituiert sein kann oder R6 einen Benzimidazol-1-yl-, Benzimidazol-2-yl-, Benzthiazol-1-yl- oder Benzthiazol-2-yl-Rest bedeutet, die durch nicht-chromophore Substituenten substituiert sein können,
- R7 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Alkoxy, Aryl, oder einen über ein Stickstoffatom gebundenen fünfgliedrigen Heterocyclus mit 1 - 3 N oder 0 Heteroatomen bedeutet, der durch Alkyl, Aryl, Hydroxy, Oxalkyl, Oxalkenyl, Oxaryl, Oxarylalkyl, Oxalkoxycarbonyl, Oxcarbamoyl, Oxepoxyalkyl, Styryl oder Halogenstyryl, einen anellierten Phenyl-, Naphthyl- oder Phenanthrylring, oder eine anellierte Gruppe der Formeln
- R8 ein polycyclischer, aromatischer Rest mit mindestens drei kondensierten Ringen, die gegebenenfalls nicht- chromophore Substituenten tragen,
- R9 eine'Aminogruppe, die durch ein oder zwei Alkyl-, Hydroxyalkyl-, Acyl- oder Phenylgruppen substituiert ist, wobei die Phenylgruppe eine oder mehrere nicht- chromophore Reste enthalten kann und zwei Alkylgruppen zusammen mit dem Stickstoffatom der Aminogruppe einen Pyrrolidin- oder Piperidinring oder unter Einschluß eines weiteren Stickstoff- oder Sauerstoffatoms einen Piperazin- oder Morpholinring bilden können; eine Alkoxy-, Hydroxyalkoxy-, Acyloxy-, Alkylthio- oder Carbalmercaptogruppe darstellt,
- R10 unabhängig von R8 die gleiche Bedeutung wie R9 hat und zusätzlich ein Chloratom bedeuten kann,
und - V eine Gruppe der Formeln
- A) 0.05 to 0.95 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 0 to 80% by weight of the compound of formula 1
- B) 0.95 to 0.05 part by weight of one or more compounds of the formulas 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8
- n 0 or 1,
- X is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
- R 1 and R 2 are identical or different radicals from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atoms, phenyl, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 9 alkyl, alkoxy, dialkylamino, acylamino, cyano, carboxy, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, sulfone. acid, sulfonic acid amide or sulfonic acid alkyl ester, where two adjacent radicals R 1 and R 2 together can also represent a benzo ring, a lower alkylene or a 1,3-dioxapropylene group,
- B cyano, a group of the formula -COOR 11 or CONR 11 R 11 where R 11 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, haloaryl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl or carboalkoxyalkyl or two alkyl or alkylene radicals with the meaning of R11 together with the nitrogen atom can also form a morpholine, piperidine or piperazine ring, or B is a group of the formula
wherein R 14 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which is substituted by hydroxyl groups, halogen atoms, alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkylmercapto, chloroaryloxy, aryloxy, arylmercapto or aryl radicals can be, in the case of the dialkylaminoalkyl groups, the two alkyl groups together can also form a morpholine, piperidine or piperazine ring, or R 14 is a group of the formula - (CH 2 CH 2 0) n -R with n 1, 2 or 3 and R = H, alkyl, or dialkylaminoalkoxyalkyl Alkylthioalkoxyalkyl, wherein the dialkyl groups in dialkylaminoalkoxyalkyl together a piperidine, pyrrolidine, Hexamethylenimen-, Mor p holin-.or piperazine ring may form, or R 14 a radical of formula - R 22 represents a hydrogen atom, a triphenylmethyl group or a lower alkyl radical which is optionally substituted by a lower carbalkoxy, carbonamido, mono- or dialkylcarbonamido, carboxy or benzoyl group and R 23 represents a cyano group or a group of the formulas
- Y, 0, S or NR with R = H or (C 1 to C 4 ) alkyl,
- or B is a group of the formula
- wherein R 15 is a phenyl ring which can be substituted by one or two chlorine atoms, one or two alkyl or alkoxyalkyl groups, a phenyl, cyano, carboxy, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid amide or sulfonic acid alkyl ester group, means
- R 3 and R may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxyethyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or N, N-di-alkylamine or R 3 and R 4 together form a five-membered heterocycle with 1 to 3 heteroatoms , preferably N atoms,
- R 5 straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl or a radical of the formula
- wherein R 16 is hydrogen, C 2 -C 8 alkanoyl, benzoyl or a radical of the formula
- and R 17 is hydrogen, alkyl or phenyl, R 18 alkyl, phenyl, halophenyl or tolyl and R 19 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenylethyl or phenyl optionally substituted by non-chromophoric substituents,
- or R 5 is a radical of the formula
- wherein R 20 is C 1 -C 10 p-alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkene; Tl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 alkyl or dialkylamino, phenoxymethyl Is phenyl, tolyl, benzyl or phenylethyl and R 21 is C 3 -C 10 alkyl, which can be substituted by phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, methoxy or dimethoxy,
- wherein R 16 is hydrogen, C 2 -C 8 alkanoyl, benzoyl or a radical of the formula
- R 6 is an aryl radical which is optionally substituted by non-chromophoric substituents, a 1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl-phenyl-, 1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl-phenyl-, 1, 2, 3-triazole Is -3-yl-phenyl or 1, 2, 3-triazol-2-yl-phenyl, which may optionally be substituted by 1 or 2 C 1 -C 3 -alkyl or oxalkyl groups, by oxaryl, oxalkenyl or oxalkanoyl, or R 6 is a heterocyclic ring with 1 - 3 heteroatoms, preferably N or 0. which can be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, aryl or haloaryl, or R 6 represents a 1-oxa-2, 4-diazol-5-yl radical which is substituted by benzyl, alkoxyphenyl, styryl, .halogen, alkoxy or a further heterocyclic group may be substituted or R 6 represents a benzimidazol-1-yl, benzimidazol-2-yl, benzthiazol-1-yl or benzothiazol-2-yl radical, which may be substituted by non-chromophoric substituents,
- R 7 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or a five-membered heterocycle having 1 - 3 N or 0 heteroatoms which is bonded via a nitrogen atom and which is characterized by alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, oxalkyl, oxalkenyl, oxaryl, oxarylalkyl, oxalkoxycarbonyl, oxcarbamoyl, oxepoxyalkyl, Styryl or halostyryl, a fused phenyl, naphthyl or phenanthryl ring, or a fused group of the formulas
- R 8 is a polycyclic, aromatic radical with at least three condensed rings which may carry non-chromophoric substituents,
- R 9 is an amino group which is substituted by one or two alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acyl or phenyl groups, where the phenyl group can contain one or more non-chromophoric radicals and two alkyl groups together with the nitrogen atom of the amino group form a pyrrolidine or piperidine ring or including a further nitrogen or oxygen atom Can form piperazine or morpholine ring; represents an alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, acyloxy, alkylthio or carbalmercapto group,
- R 10 has the same meaning as R 9 independently of R 8 and can additionally represent a chlorine atom,
and - V is a group of formulas
Soweit nicht anders definiert, enthalten Alkyl- und Alkoxygruppen sowie andere, davon abgeleitete Gruppen 1 bis 4 C-Atome. Unter dem Begriff "nichtchromophore Substituenten" sind zu verstehen Alkyl, Alkoxy, Aryl, Aralkyl, Trifluormethyl, Cycloalkyl, Halogen, Alkylsulfonyl, Carboxy, Sulfonsäure, Cyan, Carbonamid, Sulfonamid, Carbonsäurealkylester, Sulfonsäurealkylester.Unless otherwise defined, alkyl and alkoxy groups and other groups derived therefrom contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The term “non-chromophoric substituents” is to be understood as meaning alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, trifluoromethyl, cycloalkyl, halogen, alkylsulfonyl, carboxy, sulfonic acid, cyano, carbonamide, sulfonamide, carboxylic acid alkyl ester, sulfonic acid alkyl ester.
Bevorzugt sind erfindungsgemäße Mischungen von optischen Aufhellern, wobei die Komponente B besteht aus einer oder mehreren Verbindungen der Formeln 2b - 6b
Bevorzugt sind weiterhin erfindungsgemäße Mischungen von optischen Aufhellern, wobei die Komponente B aus einer oder mehreren Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln besteht:
Als Komponente A der Verbidungen. der Formeln 1 - 3 sind Mischungen der folgenden Zusammensetzung bevorzugt:
- 5 bis 35 Gew.-% der Verbindung 1,
- 30 bis 90 Gew.-% der Verbindung 2 und
- 5 bis 35 Gew.-% der Verbindung 3
- 5 to 35% by weight of compound 1,
- 30 to 90 wt .-% of compound 2 and
- 5 to 35% by weight of compound 3
Besonders bevorzugt sind als Komponente A Mischungen der folgenden Zusammensetzung:
- 28 Gew.-% der Verbindung 1,
- 28 Gew.-% der Verbindung 2 und
- 70 Gew.-% der Verbindung 3,
der Anteil der Verbindungen 1 und 3 in etwa gleich soll.Mixtures of the following composition are particularly preferred as component A:
- 28% by weight of compound 1,
- 28% by weight of compound 2 and
- 70% by weight of compound 3,
the proportion of compounds 1 and 3 should be approximately the same.
Komponente A bezeichnete Gemisch wird hergestellt, 1 Mol-Äquivalent einer Verbindung der Formel
Das Verhältnis der Verbindungen 10'und 11 bestimmt die Zusammensetzung des Gemisches. Liegt der Anteil an 10 höher, wächst der Anteil der Verbindung 1 auf Kosten der Verbindung 3, liegt der Anteil an Verbindung 11 höher wird der Anteil der Verbindung 3 in Gemische höher als 1 sein.The ratio of compounds 10 ' and 11 determines the composition of the mixture. If the proportion of 10 is higher, the proportion of compound 1 increases at the expense of compound 3, if the proportion of compound 11 is higher, the proportion of compound 3 in mixtures will be higher than 1.
Vorteilhaft ist es, die Umsetzung von 9 mit je einem Mol-Äquivalent der Verbindungen 10 und 11, durchzuführen, wobei ein Überschuß von 10 und 11 bis zu 10 % möglich,-aber nicht von Vorteil ist. In den Formeln 9 - 10 bedeutet eines der Symbole X oder Q eine Aldehydgruppe und das andere Symbol eine Gruppe der Formeln
Eine bevorzugte Verfahrensvariante besteht darin, daß man eine Verbindung der Formel 9, wobei X für eine Aldehydgruppe steht, mit Verbindungen der Formel 10 und 11, wobei Q für eine Gruppe der Formel 12a mit R = C1-4 Alkyl steht, umsetzt.A preferred process variant consists in reacting a compound of formula 9, where X is an aldehyde group, with compounds of formulas 10 and 11, where Q is a group of formula 12a with R = C 1-4 alkyl.
Man führt das Verfahren vorzugsweise in Lösungsmitteln durch in Gegenwart eines Protonenacceptors. Als Lösungsmittel seien bespielsweise genannt Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Toluol. Xylol, Alkohole wie Methanol, Äthanol, Isopropanol Butanol, Glykole, Hexanole, Cyclohexanole, ferner Äther wie Diisopropyläther, Tetrahydrofuran, Dioxan und Dimethylsulfoxyd genannt. Besonders geeignet sind polare organische Lösungsmittel wie Formamid, Dimethylformamid und N-Methylpyrrolidon, wobei Dimethylformamid besonders hervorzuheben ist.The process is preferably carried out in solvents by in the presence of a proton acceptor. Examples of solvents are hydrocarbons such as toluene. Xylene, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol butanol, glycols, hexanols, cyclohexanols, also called ethers such as diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and dimethyl sulfoxide. Polar organic solvents such as formamide, dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone are particularly suitable, with dimethylformamide being particularly emphasized.
Als Protonenaceptoren eignen sich vornehmlich basische Verbindungen, wie Alkali- oder Erdalkalihydroxyde, -alkoholate oder -amide, stark basische Amine und Anionenaustauscherharze in der Hydroxylform. Bevorzugt ist der Einsatz von Alkalihydroxyden, im besonderen Kaliumhydroxyd.Suitable proton aceptors are primarily basic compounds, such as alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alcoholates or amides, strongly basic amines and anion exchange resins in the hydroxyl form. The use of alkali metal hydroxides, in particular potassium hydroxide, is preferred.
Die Umsetzungstemperatur hängt von der Art der umzusetzenden Komponenten, insbesondere von der Art der Carbonylgruppen enthaltenden organischen Verbindung und dem Protonenacceptor ab; sie liegt zwischen -10°C und +100°C, vorteilhaft zwischen 0° - 50°C. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform besteht darin, die Reaktionspartner bei tieferen Temperaturen zusammenzugeben und die Reaktion bei höherer Temperatur zu Ende zu führen.The reaction temperature depends on the type of components to be reacted, in particular on the type of organic compound containing carbonyl groups and the proton acceptor; it is between -10 ° C and + 100 ° C, advantageously between 0 ° - 50 ° C. A preferred embodiment is to bring the reactants together at lower temperatures and to complete the reaction at a higher temperature.
Das beanspruchte Verfahren läßt sich beispielsweise so durchführen, daß man den Protonenacceptor im Lösungsmittel vorlegt und eine Lösung der Reaktionskomponenten 9 - 11 im Lösungsmittel zutropft, es ist aber ebenfalls möglich, die Verbindungen 9 - 11 vorzulegen und den Proteonacceptoren zuzugeben. Eine weitere Ausführungsform besteht darin, die Verbindungen 9 - 11, worin X oder Q für eine Gruppe der Formel 12a-d steht, vorzulegen, anschließend zuerst den Protonenacceptor und dann die Aldehydkomponente zuzugeben. Die Umsetzung läuft im allgemeinen unter starker Wärmeentwicklung ab, so daß man gegebenenfalls kühlen muß. Die Aufarbeitung des Reaktorgemisches erfolgt in bekannter Weise z.B. durch Zusatz von Methanol oder Äthanol und Abtrennen der ausgefallenen Produkte. Die so erhaltenen Produktgemische lassen sich durch HPLC (High pressure liquid chromatography) analysieren und charakterisieren.The claimed process can be carried out, for example, by placing the proton acceptor in the solvent and adding a solution of the reaction components 9-11 in the solvent, but it is also possible to add the compounds 9-11 and adding them to the proteone acceptors. A further embodiment consists in presenting the compounds 9-11, in which X or Q represents a group of the formula 12a-d, then first adding the proton acceptor and then the aldehyde component. The reaction generally takes place with intense heat so that cooling may be necessary. The The reactor mixture is worked up in a known manner, for example by adding methanol or ethanol and separating off the precipitated products. The product mixtures obtained in this way can be analyzed and characterized by HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography).
Die Ausgangsverbindungen der Formeln 9 - 11 sind bekannt bzw. können nach bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden.The starting compounds of the formulas 9-11 are known or can be prepared by known processes.
Von den Verbindungen unter den Formeln 4 bis 8 sind in den erfindungsgemäßen Gemischen die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln bevorzugt:
bedeutet, wobei R14, Alkyl, Chloralkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Hydroxyalkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel -(CH2CH2O)n-R bedeutet, wobei n 2 oder 3 und R Wasserstoff oder Alkyl ist, R15 Phenyl bedeutet, das durch ein oder zwei Chloratome, ein oder zwei Alkyl-, Alkoxyalkylgruppen, eine Phenyl-, Cyano-, Carbonsäure-, Carboalkoxy-, Carbonsäureamid-, Sul- fonsäure-, Sulfonsäureamid-, oder Sulfonsäurealkylestergruppe substituiert sein kann, R23 Cyano oder Carboalkoxy und R22 Alkyl bedeutet.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind von den Verbindungen unter der Formel 4 die Verbindungen der Formel
und R14" Alkyl oder Methoxyäthyl bedeutet. Von besonderer Wichtigkeit sind die folgenden Verbindungen unter der Formel 4:
and R 14 " denotes alkyl or methoxyethyl. Of particular importance are the following compounds under the formula 4:
Bevorzugt ist ein Mischungsverhältnis von 5 bis 50 Gew.-% für die Komponente A und 95 bis 50 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer Aufhellern der Formeln 4 bis 8 (Komponente B).A mixing ratio of 5 to 50% by weight for component A and 95 to 50% by weight of one or more brighteners of the formulas 4 to 8 (component B) is preferred.
Das optimale Mischungsverhältnis aller Verbindungen hängt im Einzelfall von der Struktur der jeweiligen Verbindungen ab und läßt sich durch einfache Vorversuche unschwer ermitteln.The optimal mixing ratio of all compounds depends on the structure of the respective compounds in individual cases and can easily be determined by simple preliminary tests.
Wie bei optischen Aufhellern üblich, werden die einzelnen Komponenten surch Dispergierung in einem flüssigen Medium z.B. Wasser in die Hancelsform gebracht. Man kann cabei die einzelnen Komponenten jede für sich dispergieren und dann die Dispersionen zusammen geben. Man kann aber auch die Einzelkomponenten in Substanz miteinander mischen und dann gemeinsam dispergieren. Dieser Dispergiervorgang geschieht in üblicher Weise in Kugelmühlen, Kolloidmünlen, Perlmühlen oder Dispersionsknetern. Die erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen eignen sich besonders zum Aufhellen von Textilmaterial aus linearen Polyestern, Polyamiden und Acetylcellulose. Man kann diese Mischungen aber auch mit gutem Ergebnis bei Mischgeweben verwenden, die aus linearen Polyestern und anderen synthetischen oder natürlichen Faserstoffen namentlich hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Fasern, insbesondere Baumwolle bestehen. Die Applikation dieser Mischungen geschieht dabei unter den für die Anwendung von optischen Aufhellern üblichen Bedingungen so beispielsweise nach dem Ausziehverfahren bei 90°C bis 130°C mit oder ohne Zusatz von Beschleunigern (Carriern) oder nach dem Thermosolverfahren. Die in Wasser unlöslichen Aufheller und die erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen können aucn in organischen Lösemitteln z.B. Perchloräthylen, fluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen gelöst zum Einsatz kommen. Dabei kann das Textilmaterial im Ausziehverfahren mit der Lösemittelflotte, welche den optischen Aufheller gelöst enthält, behandelt werden, oder man imprägniert, pflatscht, sprüht das Textilgut mit der aufhellerhaltigen Lösemittelflotte und trocknet anschließend bei Temperaturen von 120 - 220°C, wobei der optische Aufheller dabei restlos in der Faser fixiert wird. Man erhält dabei eine hervorragend aufgehellte Ware mit ausgezeichneter Lichtbeständigkeit, sowie Beständigkeit gegenüber Oxidations- und Reduktionsmitteln. Diese erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen weisen im Vergleich zu den Mischungen des japanischen Patents Sho 50(1975)-25 877 höhere Weißgrade auf; sie ergeben ferner auch bereits bei niedrigen Thermosoliertemperaturen von z. B. 150°C hervorragende Weißgrade.As is usual with optical brighteners, the individual Components are brought into the Hancels form by dispersion in a liquid medium, for example water. The individual components can be dispersed individually and then the dispersions can be added together. However, the individual components can also be mixed together in bulk and then dispersed together. This dispersion process takes place in the usual way in ball mills, colloid mills, bead mills or dispersion kneaders. The mixtures according to the invention are particularly suitable for lightening textile material made from linear polyesters, polyamides and acetyl cellulose. However, these mixtures can also be used with good results in mixed fabrics which consist of linear polyesters and other synthetic or natural fiber materials, in particular fibers containing hydroxyl groups, in particular cotton. These mixtures are applied under the conditions customary for the use of optical brighteners, for example using the exhaust process at 90 ° C. to 130 ° C. with or without addition of accelerators (carriers) or using the thermosol process. The water-insoluble brighteners and the mixtures according to the invention can also be used in solution in organic solvents, for example perchlorethylene, fluorinated hydrocarbons. The textile material can be treated in the exhaust process with the solvent liquor, which contains the optical brightener, or one can impregnate, splash, spray the textile material with the brightener-containing solvent liquor and then dry at temperatures of 120 - 220 ° C, whereby the optical brightener is completely fixed in the fiber. The result is an excellently lightened product with excellent lightfastness and resistance to oxidizing and reducing agents. These mixtures according to the invention have higher degrees of whiteness than the mixtures of the Japanese patent Sho 50 (1975) -25,877; they also result even at low thermal insulation temperatures of z. B. 150 ° C excellent whiteness.
Die folgenden Tabellen-Beispiele illustrieren die Erfindung. Das angewandte Applikationsverfahren soll hier beispielgebend geschildert werden:
- Gewebeabschnitte aus Polyester-Stapelfasern werden gewaschen, getrocknet und auf einen Foulard mit wäßrigen Dispersionen imprägniert, die entweder den reinen optischen Aufheller der Formeln 4 bis 8 (Komponente B) mit einer Einsatzmenge von 0,08 Gew.-% oder ein Gemisch aus 0,064 Gew.-%, 0,04 Gew.- % bzw. 0,016 Gew.-% der Komponente A mit 0,016, 0,04 bzw. 0,064 Gew.-% der Aufheller der Komponente B enthalten. Als Komponente A wurde in allen Beispielen ein Gemisch aus 1,5 Gew.-Teilen 1,4-Bis-(4'-cyano-styryl)-benzol, 1,5 Gew.-Teilen 1,4-Bis-(2'-cyano-styryl)-benzol und 7-Gew.-Teilen 1-(2-Cyano-styryl)-4-(4'-cyano-styryl)-benzol eingesetzt.
- Fabric sections made of polyester staple fibers are washed, dried and impregnated onto a foulard with aqueous dispersions which either contain the pure optical brightener of the formulas 4 to 8 (component B) with an amount of 0.08% by weight or a mixture of 0.064% by weight .-%, 0.04% by weight or 0.016% by weight of component A with 0.016, 0.04 or 0.064% by weight of the brightener of component B. In all examples, component A was a mixture of 1.5 parts by weight of 1,4-bis (4'-cyano-styryl) benzene, 1.5 parts by weight of 1,4-bis- (2 ' -cyano-styryl) -benzene and 7 parts by weight of 1- (2-cyano-styryl) -4- (4'-cyano-styryl) -benzene.
Das Material wird mit einem Foulard zwischen Rollen so abgequetscht, daß sich eine Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme von ca. 80 % ergibt. Das entspricht einer Aufnahme an optischen Aufhellern auf die Ware von 0,064 %.. Das so geklotzte Material wurde anschließend auf einem Spannrahmen 30 Sek. bei 170° (Tabelle I) bzw. 210° (Tabelle II) thermosoliert. Dabei wurden die jeweils angegebenen Weißgrade nach Ganz erhalten. Die Weißgrade wurden mit einem Remissionsspektralphotometer Typ DMC-25 gemessen. (Firma Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen.
Claims (8)
worin R16 Wasserstoff, C2-C8-Alkanoyl, Benzoyl oder ein Rest der Formel
oder R5 einen Rest der Formel
worin R20 C1-C10-Alkyl, C2-C6-Alkenyl, C2-C6-Alki- nyl, C1-C8-Alkoxy, C1-C8-Alkyl- oder Dialkylamino, Phenoxymethyl, Phenyl, Tolyl, Benzyl oder Phenyläthyl und R21 C3-C10-Alkyl ist, das duren Phenyl, Hydroxyphenyl, Methoxy oder Dimethoxy substituiert sein kann,
und
wherein R 16 is hydrogen, C 2 -C 8 alkanoyl, benzoyl or a radical of the formula
or R 5 is a radical of the formula
wherein R 20 is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 alkyl or dialkylamino, phenoxymethyl, Is phenyl, tolyl, benzyl or phenylethyl and R 21 is C 3 -C 10 alkyl which can be substituted by phenyl, hydroxyphenyl, methoxy or dimethoxy,
and
Priority Applications (1)
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AT80104163T ATE2017T1 (en) | 1979-07-21 | 1980-07-16 | MIXTURES OF OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS AND THEIR USE. |
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DE19792929687 DE2929687A1 (en) | 1979-07-21 | 1979-07-21 | MIXTURES OF OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS |
DE2929687 | 1979-07-21 |
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EP0023028A1 true EP0023028A1 (en) | 1981-01-28 |
EP0023028B1 EP0023028B1 (en) | 1982-12-15 |
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EP80104163A Expired EP0023028B1 (en) | 1979-07-21 | 1980-07-16 | Mixtures of optical brighteners and their use |
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US (1) | US4330427A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0023028B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5618655A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE2017T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU533417B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8004478A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1151806A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2929687A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8105055A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA804365B (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH650792A5 (en) * | 1979-12-13 | 1985-08-15 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Optical brighteners from bisstyrylbenzene compounds and preparation thereof |
DE3070041D1 (en) * | 1979-12-13 | 1985-03-07 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Optical brighteners from bistyryl benzene, process for their preparation and their use |
DE3001065A1 (en) * | 1980-01-12 | 1981-07-16 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS |
DE3027479A1 (en) * | 1980-07-19 | 1982-03-04 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | MIXTURES OF OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS AND THEIR USE |
DE3104992A1 (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-26 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | "MIXTURES OF OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS" |
DE3313332A1 (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1984-10-18 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Mixtures of optical brighteners for brightening polyvinyl chloride |
DE3339383A1 (en) * | 1983-10-29 | 1985-05-09 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | DISTYRYLIC COMPOUNDS |
JPS60217999A (en) * | 1984-03-31 | 1985-10-31 | 株式会社新潟鐵工所 | Fluid cargo gear |
US4778622A (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1988-10-18 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents |
EP0252009B1 (en) * | 1986-07-01 | 1990-08-01 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | 1,4-distyryl benzene compounds and their mixtures with other 1,4-distyryl benzene compounds |
CH671956A5 (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1989-10-13 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
US4830763A (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1989-05-16 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for increasing the degree of whiteness of polyester-containing textile material |
EP0323399B1 (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1993-02-17 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Optical brightener dispersion |
ES2053806T3 (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1994-08-01 | Ciba Geigy Ag | STABLE WHITENING DISPERSION AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION. |
US6492032B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2002-12-10 | Eastman Chemical Company | Multi-component optically brightened polyolefin blend |
DE10219993A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-20 | Basf Ag | Process for lightening textile materials |
US7497971B2 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2009-03-03 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents |
Citations (1)
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GB913735A (en) * | 1959-06-24 | 1962-12-28 | Basf Ag | Optically brightened macromolecular organic substances |
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CH533670A (en) * | 1968-12-05 | 1973-02-15 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Inorganic white pigments containing optical brighteners |
DE2037854C2 (en) * | 1970-07-30 | 1983-07-07 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | 3- (4-Chloro-1-pyrazolyl) -7-v-triazol-2-yl-coumarin compounds and their use for optical brightening |
JPS51100522A (en) * | 1975-03-01 | 1976-09-04 | Kubota Ltd | SAGYOKI RATSUKABOSHISOCHI |
JPS544973A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1979-01-16 | Daiken Trade & Industry | Waterproof treatment for board |
-
1979
- 1979-07-21 DE DE19792929687 patent/DE2929687A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1980
- 1980-07-15 ES ES493376A patent/ES8105055A1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-16 AT AT80104163T patent/ATE2017T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-07-16 DE DE8080104163T patent/DE3061345D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-16 US US06/169,296 patent/US4330427A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-07-16 EP EP80104163A patent/EP0023028B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-18 BR BR8004478A patent/BR8004478A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-07-18 JP JP9769380A patent/JPS5618655A/en active Granted
- 1980-07-18 CA CA000356458A patent/CA1151806A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-18 ZA ZA00804365A patent/ZA804365B/en unknown
- 1980-07-18 AU AU60636/80A patent/AU533417B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
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GB913735A (en) * | 1959-06-24 | 1962-12-28 | Basf Ag | Optically brightened macromolecular organic substances |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Band 83, Nr. 8, 25. August 1975, Zusammenfassung Nr. 61504c, Seite 165, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-50 025 877 (NIPPON KAYAKU CO. LTD.) (18-03-1975) * |
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ES493376A0 (en) | 1981-05-16 |
ZA804365B (en) | 1981-07-29 |
ATE2017T1 (en) | 1982-12-15 |
ES8105055A1 (en) | 1981-05-16 |
EP0023028B1 (en) | 1982-12-15 |
DE3061345D1 (en) | 1983-01-20 |
DE2929687A1 (en) | 1981-02-12 |
AU6063680A (en) | 1981-01-22 |
JPS5618655A (en) | 1981-02-21 |
US4330427A (en) | 1982-05-18 |
JPH0116867B2 (en) | 1989-03-28 |
BR8004478A (en) | 1981-01-27 |
AU533417B2 (en) | 1983-11-24 |
CA1151806A (en) | 1983-08-16 |
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