EP0022391B1 - Acceleration-proof cryostatic device - Google Patents

Acceleration-proof cryostatic device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022391B1
EP0022391B1 EP19800400905 EP80400905A EP0022391B1 EP 0022391 B1 EP0022391 B1 EP 0022391B1 EP 19800400905 EP19800400905 EP 19800400905 EP 80400905 A EP80400905 A EP 80400905A EP 0022391 B1 EP0022391 B1 EP 0022391B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
orifice
primary
cryostatic
cryostatic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800400905
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0022391A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Henri Hamon
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Societe Anonyme de Telecommunications SAT
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Societe Anonyme de Telecommunications SAT
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Publication of EP0022391A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022391A1/en
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Publication of EP0022391B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022391B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0149—Vessel mounted inside another one
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0509—"Dewar" vessels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86187—Plural tanks or compartments connected for serial flow
    • Y10T137/86228—With communicating opening in common walls of tanks or compartments

Definitions

  • This patent relates to a cryostatic device intended to be taken on board a vehicle capable of undergoing significant accelerations in several directions.
  • Such devices essentially consist of a reservoir which is filled with a cryogenic liquid, liquid air, liquid nitrogen or other, prior to the departure of the vehicle, such as an unmanned aircraft or drone; said tank, after having undergone the accelerations due to the departure and to the modifications of the trajectory of said vehicle, must still contain enough cryogenic liquid to allow it to be operational during the scheduled time.
  • cryostatic devices are in the form of a double-walled tank with a filling orifice at the top. It is easily understood that this simple cryostatic device placed, such as a bottle, in a vehicle empties through its upper orifice if the vehicle is subjected to a significant vertical acceleration, said to be positive because of the same direction as gravity. An acceleration greater than that of gravity is considered important.
  • the cryostatic device according to the invention which is a cryostatic device comprising an internal wall and an external wall joined in their upper parts by the filling orifice, the vacuum being created between the two walls, is remarkable in that the cryogenic liquid reservoir, which is delimited by the internal wall, is divided by a separating partition into two reservoirs, a primary reservoir and a secondary reservoir, in that the secondary reservoir surrounds all or part of the primary reservoir, in that that the filling orifice terminates in the secondary tank and in that the primary tank and the secondary tank communicate through an orifice situated in the separating partition at a level such that the volume of the primary reservoir located below said orifice is approximately equal at the volume located above this same orifice in this same tank.
  • said communication orifice is then located approximately halfway up said primary reservoir.
  • the cryostatic device will advantageously include one or more capillary conduits in the upper part of the separating partition. Said capillary conduits are located approximately above the communication orifice, for example in the case of a cylindrical primary reservoir on the same generator or on neighboring generators.
  • the cryostatic device according to the invention will have a poorer behavior only for accelerations in the same direction as the movement of the drone but in the opposite direction to this movement; in practice, this type of acceleration is rarely encountered.
  • the communication orifice between the primary tank and the secondary tank will advantageously be protected by a deflector located inside said primary tank.
  • the main advantage of the cryostatic device according to the invention lies in the fact that the cryogenic liquid is kept as much as possible in said cryostatic device despite the accelerations to which it is likely to be subjected in different directions.
  • Tests carried out on a cryostatic device according to the invention, on board a drone, have shown that a quantity of cryogenic liquid equivalent to half of the capacity of the primary reservoir was preserved whatever the number, the intensity and the direction of said accelerations, it being understood that the accelerations in the same direction as the movement of the drone and in the opposite direction are statistically few during a flight.
  • Another advantage of the cryostatic device according to the invention lies in the fact that the secondary tank, which partially or completely surrounds the primary tank, has an additional role of cooling the walls of the primary tank, which reduces the evaporation of the cryogenic liquid at contact of these.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show two embodiments of the cryostatic device according to the invention.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 each show a sectional view of a cryostatic device according to the invention provided with various improvements.
  • Figure 5 is a section orthogonal to the previous of a cryostatic device provided with an improvement by facilitating the emptying.
  • FIG. 1 the external wall of the cryostatic device according to the invention is shown in 1 and, in 2, the internal wall of this same device. Between these two walls 1 and 2, according to the usual and known technique, the vacuum was made in 3.
  • a separating partition 4 divides the reservoir of cryogenic liquid delimited by the internal wall 2, into two reservoirs, the reservoir primary 5 and secondary tank 6.
  • An orifice 7 pierced in the partition 4 approximately halfway up the primary reservoir 5 communicates said primary reservoir 5 with the secondary reservoir 6 itself extended by the filling orifice 8.
  • FIG. 1 The device shown by way of example in FIG. 1 is of cylindrical shape and FIG. 1 represents a section along two diametrically opposite generatrices of this device. No relation is imposed between the height and the diameter of said cryostatic device.
  • said cryostatic device When said cryostatic device is on board a drone, it is placed in a vertical position, the filling orifice 8 being at its upper part, and the communication orifice 7 being placed towards the front of the drone, the direction normal movement of said drone being represented by the arrow 9.
  • the communication orifice 7 must remain small relative to the height of the primary reservoir 5, this communication orifice 7 is of circular or oval section.
  • the diameter of the filling orifice 8 has here been limited to reduce losses by conduction. Its exact position can be chosen according to the characteristics of the accelerations undergone in use and possibly the resistance of the materials used.
  • cryostatic device may include all the arrangements necessary for its use and well known elsewhere.
  • various elements 10 to be cooled and in the external wall 1 can be included a zone 11 transparent to certain radiations and an element 12 vacuum-tight and carrying electrical passages 13.
  • the walls 1 and 2 and the partition 4 can be made of glassware, but it is obvious that a metallic embodiment, for example copper alloy or stainless steel, does not depart from the scope of the present invention. In the case of an embodiment in glassware, it will be useful, according to the known technique, to metallize the walls to reduce the heat losses by radiation.
  • FIG. 2 is also a sectional view of a cryostatic device according to the invention.
  • said cryostatic device represented in this FIG. 2, for reasons of convenience of technological implementation, the internal wall 2 has a recess 15 at the base of which the partition 4 is fixed.
  • the same elements different embodiments of the device according to the invention are identified by the same numbers.
  • FIG. 3 highlights some improvements of the cryostatic device according to the invention. Depending on the case, said improvements can be used independently of each other or simultaneously.
  • the first of said improvements consists of one or more capillary conduits 16 connecting the primary reservoir 5 to the secondary reservoir 6, said capillary holes 16 being located in the upper part of the separating partition 4.
  • the purpose of said capillary holes 16 is to facilitate filling of the primary tank 5, in particular they allow almost complete filling of the primary tank 5, while in their absence, the filling level is limited to the right of the communication orifice 7.
  • a second improvement of the cryostatic device according to the invention resides in the fixing of a deflector 17 near the communication orifice 7.
  • This deflector is located inside the primary tank 5 and below the communication orifice 7.
  • the presence of the deflector 17 greatly reduces the quantity of cryogenic liquid ejected by the orifice 7.
  • a second deflector 18 can also be placed also inside the primary tank 5, but above the communication orifice 7.
  • a third improvement of the cryostatic device according to the invention consists of an extension 19, inside the secondary tank 6, of the filling orifice 8.
  • the purpose of this extension 19 is to retain as much as possible the cryogenic liquid which is in the secondary tank 6, inside the cr y o-static device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a section along A-A of the cryostatic device shown in FIG. 4, this FIG. 5 explains the shape of the slopes 20 and 21.
  • FIG. 4 highlights another possible improvement of the cryostatic device according to the invention.
  • This improvement lies in the fact that the upper part of the separating partition 4 has a slight concavity 22 oriented so that it forms a bowl under the filling orifice 8, so that, from the start of filling, a a certain quantity of cryogenic liquid collects in said bowl and improves the conditions for cooling the cryostatic device according to the invention.
  • cryostatic devices described above and represented by the drawings, are given only by way of example.
  • the use of cylindrical volumes is not imperative and, depending on various requirements, one can very well use'volumes of sections square, rectangular, oval or other.
  • the main use of the cryostatic device according to the invention is obviously the conservation of cryogenic liquid on board vehicles subjected to strong accelerations.
  • cryostatic device can also be adapted to transport any liquid on board a vehicle subjected to strong accelerations.
  • the outer wall 1 of said device can be omitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

Le présent brevet est relatif à un dispositif cryostatique destiné à être embarqué à bord d'un véhicule susceptible de subir des accélérations importantes selon plusieurs directions. De tels dispositifs se composent essentiellement d'un réservoir que l'on emplit d'un liquide cryogénique, air liquide, azote liquide ou autre, préalablement au départ du véhicule, tel qu'un avion sans pilote ou drône ; ledit réservoir, après avoir subi les accélérations dues au départ et aux modifications de la trajectoire dudit véhicule, doit contenir encore assez de liquide cryogénique pour lui permettre d'être opérationnel pendant le temps prévu.This patent relates to a cryostatic device intended to be taken on board a vehicle capable of undergoing significant accelerations in several directions. Such devices essentially consist of a reservoir which is filled with a cryogenic liquid, liquid air, liquid nitrogen or other, prior to the departure of the vehicle, such as an unmanned aircraft or drone; said tank, after having undergone the accelerations due to the departure and to the modifications of the trajectory of said vehicle, must still contain enough cryogenic liquid to allow it to be operational during the scheduled time.

Les dispositifs cryostatiques connus se présentent sous la forme d'un réservoir à double paroi avec orifice de remplissage à la partie supérieure. On conçoit aisément que ce dispositif cryostatique simple placé, tel une bouteille, dans un véhicule se vide par son orifice supérieur si le véhicule est soumis à une accélération verticale importante, dite positive parce que de même sens que la pesanteur. On considère comme importante une accélération supérieure à celle de la pesanteur.The known cryostatic devices are in the form of a double-walled tank with a filling orifice at the top. It is easily understood that this simple cryostatic device placed, such as a bottle, in a vehicle empties through its upper orifice if the vehicle is subjected to a significant vertical acceleration, said to be positive because of the same direction as gravity. An acceleration greater than that of gravity is considered important.

Dans un premier temps, pour remédier à cet inconvénient, un tube plongeur, prolongeant l'orifice de remplissage environ jusqu'au milieu du réservoir, a été utilisé pour limiter le volume de liquide cryogénique éjecté par l'orifice de remplissage à chaque accélération positive verticale importante. Toutefois ce perfectionnement ne donne pas entière satisfaction, l'éjection de liquide cryogénique étant encore trop importante.Initially, to remedy this drawback, a dip tube, extending the filling opening approximately to the middle of the tank, was used to limit the volume of cryogenic liquid ejected by the filling opening at each positive acceleration significant vertical. However, this improvement is not entirely satisfactory, the ejection of cryogenic liquid being still too great.

Pour pallier cet inconvénient, le dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention, qui est un dispositif cryostatique comportant une paroi interne et une paroi externe réunies en leurs parties supérieures par l'orifice de remplissage, le vide étant fait entre les deux parois, est remarquable en ce que le réservoir de liquide cryogénique, qui est délimité par la paroi interne, est divisé par une cloison séparative en deux réservoirs, un réservoir primaire et un réservoir secondaire, en ce que le réservoir secondaire entoure tout ou partie du réservoir primaire, en ce que l'orifice de remplissage aboutit dans le réservoir secondaire et en ce que le réservoir primaire et le réservoir secondaire communiquent par un orifice situé dans la cloison séparative à un niveau tel que le volume du réservoir primaire sis au-dessous dudit orifice soit approximativement égal au volume sis au-dessus de ce même orifice dans ce même réservoir.To overcome this drawback, the cryostatic device according to the invention, which is a cryostatic device comprising an internal wall and an external wall joined in their upper parts by the filling orifice, the vacuum being created between the two walls, is remarkable in that the cryogenic liquid reservoir, which is delimited by the internal wall, is divided by a separating partition into two reservoirs, a primary reservoir and a secondary reservoir, in that the secondary reservoir surrounds all or part of the primary reservoir, in that that the filling orifice terminates in the secondary tank and in that the primary tank and the secondary tank communicate through an orifice situated in the separating partition at a level such that the volume of the primary reservoir located below said orifice is approximately equal at the volume located above this same orifice in this same tank.

Dans le cas où le réservoir primaire est de forme cylindrique ledit orifice de communication est alors situé approximativement à mi-hauteur dudit réservoir primaire.In the case where the primary reservoir is cylindrical in shape, said communication orifice is then located approximately halfway up said primary reservoir.

Toujours selon l'invention, le dispositif cryostatique comportera avec avantage un ou plusieurs conduits capillaires dans la partie supérieure de la cloison séparative. Lesdits conduits capillaires sont situés approximativement au-dessus de l'orifice de communication, par exemple dans le cas d'un réservoir primaire cylindrique sur la même génératrice ou sur des génératrices voisines. Ainsi le dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention aura-t-il un moins bon comportement seulement pour les accélérations de même direction que le déplacement du drône mais de sens contraire à ce déplacement ; or dans la pratique, ce type d'accélération se rencontre rarement.Still according to the invention, the cryostatic device will advantageously include one or more capillary conduits in the upper part of the separating partition. Said capillary conduits are located approximately above the communication orifice, for example in the case of a cylindrical primary reservoir on the same generator or on neighboring generators. Thus the cryostatic device according to the invention will have a poorer behavior only for accelerations in the same direction as the movement of the drone but in the opposite direction to this movement; in practice, this type of acceleration is rarely encountered.

Toujours selon l'invention l'orifice de communication entre le réservoir primaire et le réservoir secondaire sera avantageusement protégé par un déflecteur sis à l'intérieur dudit réservoir primaire.Still according to the invention, the communication orifice between the primary tank and the secondary tank will advantageously be protected by a deflector located inside said primary tank.

Le principal avantage du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention réside dans le fait que le liquide cryogénique est conservé au maximum dans ledit dispositif cryostatique malgré les accélérations auxquelles il est susceptible d'être soumis suivant différentes directions. Des essais réalisés sur un dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention, embarqué à bord d'un drône, ont montré qu'une quantité de liquide cryogénique équivalente à la moitié de la contenance du réservoir primaire était conservée quels que soient le nombre, l'intensité et la direction desdites accélérations, étant bien entendu que les accélérations de même direction que le déplacement du drône et de sens contraire sont statistiquement peu nombreuses au cours d'un vol.The main advantage of the cryostatic device according to the invention lies in the fact that the cryogenic liquid is kept as much as possible in said cryostatic device despite the accelerations to which it is likely to be subjected in different directions. Tests carried out on a cryostatic device according to the invention, on board a drone, have shown that a quantity of cryogenic liquid equivalent to half of the capacity of the primary reservoir was preserved whatever the number, the intensity and the direction of said accelerations, it being understood that the accelerations in the same direction as the movement of the drone and in the opposite direction are statistically few during a flight.

Un autre avantage du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention réside dans le fait que le réservoir secondaire, qui entoure partiellement ou totalement le réservoir primaire, a un rôle supplémentaire de refroidissement des parois du réservoir primaire, ce qui diminue l'évaporation du liquide cryogénique au contact de celles-ci.Another advantage of the cryostatic device according to the invention lies in the fact that the secondary tank, which partially or completely surrounds the primary tank, has an additional role of cooling the walls of the primary tank, which reduces the evaporation of the cryogenic liquid at contact of these.

D'autres caractéristiques et d'autres avantages du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui suit, pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux figures données en annexe.Other characteristics and other advantages of the cryostatic device according to the invention will appear during the description which follows, for the understanding of which reference will be made to the figures given in the appendix.

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent deux exemples de réalisation du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention.Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments of the cryostatic device according to the invention.

Les figures 3 et 4 représentent chacune une vue en coupe d'un dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention muni de divers perfectionnements.Figures 3 and 4 each show a sectional view of a cryostatic device according to the invention provided with various improvements.

La figure 5 est une coupe orthogonale aux précédentes d'un dispositif cryostatique muni d'un perfectionnement en facilitant la vidange.Figure 5 is a section orthogonal to the previous of a cryostatic device provided with an improvement by facilitating the emptying.

Sur la figure 1, sont représentées, en 1, la paroi externe du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention et, en 2, la paroi interne de ce même dispositif. Entre ces deux parois 1 et 2, selon la technique habituelle et connue, le vide a été fait en 3. Selon l'invention une cloison séparative 4 partage le réservoir de liquide cryogénique délimité par la paroi interne 2, en deux réservoirs, le réservoir primaire 5 et le réservoir secondaire 6. Un orifice 7 percé dans la cloison 4 approximativement à mi-hauteur du réservoir primaire 5 fait communiquer ledit réservoir primaire 5 avec le réservoir secondaire 6 lui-même prolongé par l'orifice de remplissage 8.In FIG. 1, the external wall of the cryostatic device according to the invention is shown in 1 and, in 2, the internal wall of this same device. Between these two walls 1 and 2, according to the usual and known technique, the vacuum was made in 3. According to the invention a separating partition 4 divides the reservoir of cryogenic liquid delimited by the internal wall 2, into two reservoirs, the reservoir primary 5 and secondary tank 6. An orifice 7 pierced in the partition 4 approximately halfway up the primary reservoir 5 communicates said primary reservoir 5 with the secondary reservoir 6 itself extended by the filling orifice 8.

Le dispositif représenté à titre d'exemple par la figure 1 est de forme cylindrique et la figure 1 représente une coupe selon deux génératrices diamétralement opposées de ce dispositif. Aucune relation n'est imposée entre la hauteur et le diamètre dudit dispositif cryostatique. Lorsque ledit dispositif cryostatique est embarqué à bord d'un drône, il est placé en position verticale, l'orifice de remplissage 8 étant à sa partie supérieure, et l'orifice de communication 7 étant placé vers l'avant du drône, le sens normal de déplacement dudit drône étant figuré par la flèche 9. L'orifice de communication 7 doit rester petit par rapport à la hauteur du réservoir primaire 5, cet orifice de communication 7 est de section circulaire ou ovale.The device shown by way of example in FIG. 1 is of cylindrical shape and FIG. 1 represents a section along two diametrically opposite generatrices of this device. No relation is imposed between the height and the diameter of said cryostatic device. When said cryostatic device is on board a drone, it is placed in a vertical position, the filling orifice 8 being at its upper part, and the communication orifice 7 being placed towards the front of the drone, the direction normal movement of said drone being represented by the arrow 9. The communication orifice 7 must remain small relative to the height of the primary reservoir 5, this communication orifice 7 is of circular or oval section.

Le diamètre de l'orifice de remplissage 8 a été ici limité pour réduire les pertes par conduction. Sa position exacte peut être choisie en fonction des caractéristiques des accélérations subies en utilisation et éventuellement de la résistance des matériaux utilisés.The diameter of the filling orifice 8 has here been limited to reduce losses by conduction. Its exact position can be chosen according to the characteristics of the accelerations undergone in use and possibly the resistance of the materials used.

Bien entendu, ledit dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention peut comporter tous les aménagements nécessaires à son utilisation et bien connus par ailleurs. Ainsi, sur la paroi interne 2 et dans l'enceinte sous vide 3 peuvent être fixés divers éléments 10 devant être refroidis et dans la paroi externe 1 peuvent être inclus une zone 11 transparente à certains rayonnements et un élément 12 étanche au vide et porteur de passages électriques 13.Of course, said cryostatic device according to the invention may include all the arrangements necessary for its use and well known elsewhere. Thus, on the internal wall 2 and in the vacuum enclosure 3 can be fixed various elements 10 to be cooled and in the external wall 1 can be included a zone 11 transparent to certain radiations and an element 12 vacuum-tight and carrying electrical passages 13.

A titre d'exemple, les parois 1 et 2 et la cloison 4 peuvent être réalisées en verrerie, mais il est évident qu'une réalisation métallique, par exemple alliage cuivreux ou acier inoxydable, ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention. Dans le cas d'une réalisation en verrerie on fera utilement, selon la technique connue, une métallisation des parois pour diminuer les pertes thermiques par rayonnement.By way of example, the walls 1 and 2 and the partition 4 can be made of glassware, but it is obvious that a metallic embodiment, for example copper alloy or stainless steel, does not depart from the scope of the present invention. In the case of an embodiment in glassware, it will be useful, according to the known technique, to metallize the walls to reduce the heat losses by radiation.

La figure 2 est également une vue en coupe d'un dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention. Dans ledit dispositif cryostatique représenté sur cette figure 2, pour des raisons de commodité de réalisation technologique, la paroi interne 2 présente un décrochement 15 à la base duquel vient se fixer la cloison 4. Sur toutes les figures annexées à la présente description les mêmes éléments des différentes réalisations du dispositif selon l'invention sont repérés par les mêmes numéros.Figure 2 is also a sectional view of a cryostatic device according to the invention. In said cryostatic device represented in this FIG. 2, for reasons of convenience of technological implementation, the internal wall 2 has a recess 15 at the base of which the partition 4 is fixed. In all the figures appended to this description the same elements different embodiments of the device according to the invention are identified by the same numbers.

La figure 3 met en évidence quelques perfectionnements du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention. Suivant les cas, lesdits perfectionnements peuvent être utilisés indépendamment les uns des autres ou simultanément. Le premier desdits perfectionnements consiste en un ou plusieurs conduits capillaires 16 reliant le réservoir primaire 5 au réservoir secondaire 6, lesdits trous capillaires 16 étant situés dans la partie supérieure de la cloison séparative 4. Lesdits trous capillaires 16 ont pour but de faciliter le remplissage du réservoir primaire 5, ils permettent notamment de procéder à un remplissage presque total du réservoir primaire 5, tandis qu'en leur absence, le niveau de remplissage est limité au droit de l'orifice de communication 7.Figure 3 highlights some improvements of the cryostatic device according to the invention. Depending on the case, said improvements can be used independently of each other or simultaneously. The first of said improvements consists of one or more capillary conduits 16 connecting the primary reservoir 5 to the secondary reservoir 6, said capillary holes 16 being located in the upper part of the separating partition 4. The purpose of said capillary holes 16 is to facilitate filling of the primary tank 5, in particular they allow almost complete filling of the primary tank 5, while in their absence, the filling level is limited to the right of the communication orifice 7.

Un second perfectionnement du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention réside dans la fixation d'un déflecteur 17 à proximité de l'orifice de communication 7. Ce déflecteur est situé à l'intérieur du réservoir primaire 5 et en dessous de l'orifice de communication 7. Lorsque le liquide cryogénique contenu dans la partie basse du réservoir primaire 5 est projeté sous l'influence d'une accélération vers la partie haute de ce même réservoir, la présence du déflecteur 17 diminue fortement la quantité de liquide cryogénique éjectée par l'orifice 7. On peut mettre également un second déflecteur 18 sis également à l'intérieur du réservoir primaire 5, mais en dessus de l'orifice de communication 7.A second improvement of the cryostatic device according to the invention resides in the fixing of a deflector 17 near the communication orifice 7. This deflector is located inside the primary tank 5 and below the communication orifice 7. When the cryogenic liquid contained in the lower part of the primary tank 5 is sprayed under the influence of an acceleration towards the upper part of this same tank, the presence of the deflector 17 greatly reduces the quantity of cryogenic liquid ejected by the orifice 7. A second deflector 18 can also be placed also inside the primary tank 5, but above the communication orifice 7.

Un troisième perfectionnement du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention consiste en un prolongement 19, à l'intérieur du réservoir secondaire 6, de l'orifice de remplissage 8. Ce prolongement 19 a pour but de retenir au maximum le liquide cryogénique qui se trouve dans le réservoir secondaire 6, à l'intérieur du dispositif cryo-statique selon l'invention.A third improvement of the cryostatic device according to the invention consists of an extension 19, inside the secondary tank 6, of the filling orifice 8. The purpose of this extension 19 is to retain as much as possible the cryogenic liquid which is in the secondary tank 6, inside the cr y o-static device according to the invention.

La figure 4 met en évidence deux autres perfectionnements pouvant être apportés au dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention. Tout d'abord pour faciliter l'opération de vidange du dispositif cryostatique, une certaine pente peut être donnée aux parois du réservoir primaire en 20 et 21 pour faciliter l'écoulement volontaire du liquide cryogénique ou d'un liquide de condensation indésirable. La figure 5 est une coupe suivant A-A du dispositif cryostatique représenté sur la figure 4, cette figure 5 explicite la forme des pentes 20 et 21.Figure 4 highlights two other improvements that can be made to the cryostatic device according to the invention. First of all to facilitate the emptying operation of the cryostatic device, a certain slope can be given to the walls of the primary tank at 20 and 21 to facilitate the voluntary flow of the cryogenic liquid or an undesirable condensing liquid. FIG. 5 is a section along A-A of the cryostatic device shown in FIG. 4, this FIG. 5 explains the shape of the slopes 20 and 21.

Il est à noter qu'il est inutile d'apporter à un même dispositif cryostatique le perfectionnement concernant les pentes 20 et 21 et le perfectionnement concernant le prolongement 19 de l'orifice de remplissage 8.It should be noted that it is useless to bring the improvement concerning the slopes 20 and 21 and the improvement concerning the extension 19 of the filling orifice 8 to the same cryostatic device.

La figure 4 met en évidence un autre perfectionnement possible du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention. Ce perfectionnement réside dans le fait que la partie supérieure de la cloison séparative 4 présente une légère concavité 22 orientée de telle sorte qu'elle forme une cuvette sous l'orifice de remplissage 8, de telle sorte que, dès le début du remplissage, une certaine quantité de liquide cryogénique s'amasse dans ladite cuvette et améliore les conditions de mise en froid du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention.FIG. 4 highlights another possible improvement of the cryostatic device according to the invention. This improvement lies in the fact that the upper part of the separating partition 4 has a slight concavity 22 oriented so that it forms a bowl under the filling orifice 8, so that, from the start of filling, a a certain quantity of cryogenic liquid collects in said bowl and improves the conditions for cooling the cryostatic device according to the invention.

Il est rappelé que les dispositifs cryostatiques, décrits ci-dessus et représentés par les dessins, ne sont donnés qu'à titre d'exemple. En particulier, l'utilisation de volumes cylindriques n'a rien d'impératif et, en fonction de diverses exigences, on peut fort bien utiliser des'volumes de sections carrées, rectangulaires, ovales ou autres.It is recalled that the cryostatic devices, described above and represented by the drawings, are given only by way of example. In particular, the use of cylindrical volumes is not imperative and, depending on various requirements, one can very well use'volumes of sections square, rectangular, oval or other.

L'utilisation principale du dispositif cryostatique selon l'invention est évidemment la conservation de liquide cryogénique à bord de véhicules soumis à de fortes accélérations.The main use of the cryostatic device according to the invention is obviously the conservation of cryogenic liquid on board vehicles subjected to strong accelerations.

Il est évident que ledit dispositif cryostatique peut également être adapté au transport d'un liquide quelconque à bord d'un véhicule soumis à de fortes accélérations. Dans ce dernier cas la paroi externe 1 dudit dispositif peut être supprimée.It is obvious that said cryostatic device can also be adapted to transport any liquid on board a vehicle subjected to strong accelerations. In the latter case the outer wall 1 of said device can be omitted.

Claims (6)

1. Cryostatic device comprising an inner wall (2) and an outer wall (1) connected at their upper parts by the filling orifice (8), a vacuum being made between the two walls, characterized in that the tank of cryogenic liquid, which is defined by the inner wall (2), is divided by a separating partition (4) into two tanks, a primary tank (5) and a secondary tank (6), the secondary tank surrounding all or part of the primary tank, the filling orifice (8) opening into secondary tank and the primary tank and the secondary tank communicating via an orifice (7) located in the separating partition at a level such that the volume of the primary tank located below said orifice is approximately equal to the volume located above this same orifice in this same tank.
2. Cryostatic device according to Claim 1, comprising one or more capillary conduits (16) in the upper part of the separating partition (4), approximately above the communicating orifice (7) between the primary and secondary tanks.
3. Cryostatic according to one of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the communicating orifice (7) between the primary tank and the secondary tank is protected by a deflector (17, 18) located inside said primary tank.
4. Cryostatic device according to one of Claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the filling orifice extends inside the secondary tank.
5. Cryostatic device according to Claim 1, wherein the upper part of the separating partition has a concavity (22) forming a dish below the filling orifice.
6. Cryostatic device according to Claim 1, wherein the walls of the primary tank are designed to form inclinations (20, 21) directed towards the orifice communicating between the primary and secondary tanks.
EP19800400905 1979-06-29 1980-06-19 Acceleration-proof cryostatic device Expired EP0022391B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7916840A FR2460441A1 (en) 1979-06-29 1979-06-29 CRYOSTATIC DEVICE THAT CAN SUPPORT ACCELERATIONS
FR7916840 1979-06-29

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EP0022391A1 EP0022391A1 (en) 1981-01-14
EP0022391B1 true EP0022391B1 (en) 1982-08-11

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EP (1) EP0022391B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5828479B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1127066A (en)
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FR (1) FR2460441A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
JPS566995A (en) 1981-01-24
FR2460441B1 (en) 1982-01-29
FR2460441A1 (en) 1981-01-23
US4337624A (en) 1982-07-06
CA1127066A (en) 1982-07-06
JPS5828479B2 (en) 1983-06-16
EP0022391A1 (en) 1981-01-14
DE3060756D1 (en) 1982-10-07

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