EP0022207B1 - Method of manufacturing high tension insulation and method of insulating an electric coil using this insulation - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing high tension insulation and method of insulating an electric coil using this insulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0022207B1 EP0022207B1 EP80103515A EP80103515A EP0022207B1 EP 0022207 B1 EP0022207 B1 EP 0022207B1 EP 80103515 A EP80103515 A EP 80103515A EP 80103515 A EP80103515 A EP 80103515A EP 0022207 B1 EP0022207 B1 EP 0022207B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulation
- process according
- insulated
- insulating
- fibre
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
- H01F41/12—Insulating of windings
- H01F41/125—Other insulating structures; Insulating between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
- H01F5/06—Insulation of windings
Definitions
- High-voltage insulation in particular for current transformers, is also known, which consists at least partially of fibers which are matted into one another.
- adhesives are expediently added.
- the high-voltage insulation is applied to the winding to be insulated in a casting or screen casting process, dried and, if necessary, pressed and impregnated with an insulating liquid.
- the high-voltage insulation consisting of interwoven fibers can also be produced by applying uncompressed, moist, preferably fibrous strips or pieces, which are optionally laminated on a base, in one or more layers to the winding to be insulated and then dehumidified in an uncompressed state (DE-A-1 490 909). With such insulation made of felted fibers, the fibers stand in any direction, for example also upwards. The insulation obtained in this way is of poor electrical quality. Breakthrough mainly occurs.
- US-A-3 842 193 specifies the use of oriented glass fibers for insulation.
- the paper intermediate layers are designed such that they are at least approximately matched to the equipotential surfaces of the electric field.
- the body to be insulated which is coated with the wet fiber-oriented cellulose, is coated with at least one layer of a moisture-permeable, stretch-elastic fabric and is dried using devices which additionally ensure the prescribed geometry of the body.
- This insulation is homogeneous and gap-free and shows no electrical discharge.
- the electrical dielectric strength is particularly high. With insulation according to the invention, even difficult geometries can be simulated relatively easily and with high dimensional accuracy.
- the moisture is removed from the »wet substance « under pressure. This can be done with unhindered steam exchange at temperatures between 70 ° C and 90 ° C, preferably 80 ° C.
- the fiber-oriented cellulose binds during drying without the addition of glue.
- the shrinkage caused by the loss of moisture during drying (up to 50%) must be taken into account when applying the »wet material «.
- the shape can be held with an adjustable hard core.
- a moisture-permeable, stretch-elastic fabric preferably a rubber fabric or a stretch-elastic plastic filament (Lycra 0 ) is applied to form the remaining coil contours and to mechanically compress the “wet substance” and to achieve the required dimensional accuracy of the respective coil geometry.
- this guarantees the unhindered escape of moisture from the wet material (drainage effect), and on the other hand it resembles the constantly changing dimensions due to shrinkage compared to that of fiber-oriented cellulose isolated coil.
- the method according to the invention is not only simpler than the expensive bandage insulation, but it also allows insulation in a shorter time.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hochspannungsisolierung durch Beschichtung eines zu isolierenden Körpers mit nicht mehr trennbaren Cellulosefaserschichten derart, daß diese Schichten Äquipotentialflächen darstellen.The invention relates to a method for producing high-voltage insulation by coating a body to be insulated with cellulose fiber layers that can no longer be separated in such a way that these layers represent equipotential surfaces.
Spulen werden bislang isoliert, indem sie mit lsolierpapierstreifen von Hand bandagiert werden. Dieses Bandagierverfahren ist sehr zeitintensiv. Zusätzlich müssen die Enden der Papierstreifen und kritische Stellen an der Spule verleimt werden, um ein Lockern der Papierstreifen zu verhindern. Durch die Leimeinschlüsse und Luftspalte wird aber die elektrische Durchschlagfestigkeit ungünstig beeinflußt. Leimschicht und Luftspalte sind besonders teilentladungsgefährdete Bereiche in der Gesamtisolation. Es muß deshalb eine größere Isolationsschichtdicke aufgebracht werden, um die Spannungsbeanspruchung herabzusetzen. Die größere Schichtdicke wirkt sich vor allem bei begrenzter Spulengeometrie nachteilig aus.So far, coils have been isolated by hand bandaging them with insulating paper strips. This bandaging process is very time-consuming. In addition, the ends of the paper strips and critical points on the spool must be glued to prevent the paper strips from loosening. Due to the glue inclusions and air gaps, the dielectric strength is adversely affected. Glue layer and air gaps are areas in the overall insulation that are particularly at risk of partial discharge. A larger insulation layer thickness must therefore be applied in order to reduce the voltage stress. The greater layer thickness has a disadvantageous effect, especially when the coil geometry is limited.
Es ist auch eine Hochspannungsisolation, insbesondere für Stromwandler bekannt, die zumindest teilweise aus ineinander verfilzten Fasern besteht. Zur Unterstützung der Verfilzung werden zweckmäßig Klebstoffe zugesetzt. Die Hochspannungsisolation wird im Guß- oder Siebgußverfahren auf die zu isolierende Wicklung aufgebracht, getrocknet und gegebenenfalls gepreßt und mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit getränkt. Die aus ineinander verfilzten Fasern bestehende Hochspannungsisolation kann auch hergestellt werden, indem ungepreßte, feuchte, vorzugsweise Faserstoffbänder oder -stücke, die gegebenenfalls auf einer Unterlage kaschiert sind, in einer oder in mehreren Schichten auf die zu isolierende Wicklung aufgebracht und anschließend irr gepreßtem Zustand entfeuchtet werden .(DE-A-1 490 909). Bei solchen Isolierungen aus verfilzten Fasern stehen die Fasern in jeder beliebigen Richtung, beispielsweise auch nach oben. Die so erhaltenen Isolierungen sind elektrisch nicht hochwertig. Es tritt vor allem Durchschlag auf.High-voltage insulation, in particular for current transformers, is also known, which consists at least partially of fibers which are matted into one another. To support the felting, adhesives are expediently added. The high-voltage insulation is applied to the winding to be insulated in a casting or screen casting process, dried and, if necessary, pressed and impregnated with an insulating liquid. The high-voltage insulation consisting of interwoven fibers can also be produced by applying uncompressed, moist, preferably fibrous strips or pieces, which are optionally laminated on a base, in one or more layers to the winding to be insulated and then dehumidified in an uncompressed state (DE-A-1 490 909). With such insulation made of felted fibers, the fibers stand in any direction, for example also upwards. The insulation obtained in this way is of poor electrical quality. Breakthrough mainly occurs.
In der US-A-3 842 193 ist der Einsatz von orientierten Glasfasern zur Isolierung angeführt. Gemäß dem in der DE-A-1 066 662 beschriebenen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hochspannungsspulen werden die Papierzwischenlagen so ausgeführt, daß sie mindestens annähernd den Äquipotentialflächen des elektrischen Feldes angepaßt sind.US-A-3 842 193 specifies the use of oriented glass fibers for insulation. According to the method for producing high-voltage coils described in DE-A-1 066 662, the paper intermediate layers are designed such that they are at least approximately matched to the equipotential surfaces of the electric field.
Mit der bekannten Isolierung aus Faserstoffbändern ist es nicht möglich, innen offene, aber auch hier zu isolierende Spulen (Toroidspulen) zuverlässig zu isolieren. Es kann keine überall gleichmäßige Isolationsdicke erreicht werden. Ferner entstehen, insbesondere durch den Trocknungsschwund der Faserstoffbänder, Spalte, die unvermeidlich einen Durchschlag einleiten.With the known insulation made of fibrous tapes, it is not possible to reliably insulate coils (toroidal coils) that are open on the inside, but also to be insulated here. It is not possible to achieve a uniform insulation thickness everywhere. Furthermore, in particular as a result of the drying shrinkage of the fibrous strips, gaps arise which inevitably initiate a breakdown.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hochspannungsisolierungen zu finden, das die oben erwähnten Nachteile nicht aufweist und in kürzeren Verarbeitungszeiten zu mechanisch festen fehlerfreien Hochspannungsisolierungen mit überall gleichmäßiger Dicke und vorzüglichen elektrischen Eigenschaften führt. Toroidspulen sollen eine definierte Innenkontur aufweisen.The invention has for its object to find a method for producing high-voltage insulation that does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and leads to mechanically stable, fault-free high-voltage insulation with uniform thickness and excellent electrical properties in shorter processing times. Toroid coils should have a defined inner contour.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der mit der nassen faserorientierten Cellulose umhüllte, zu isolierende Körper mit mindestens einer Lage eines feuchtigkeitsdurchlässigen, dehnungselastischen Gewebes umhüllt und unter Verwendung von zusätzlich die vorgeschriebene Geometrie des Körpers gewährleistenden Vorrichtungen getrocknet wird. Diese Isolierung ist homogen und spaltfrei und zeigt keine elektrische Entladung. Die elektrische Spannungsfestigkeit ist besonders hoch. Mit einer Isolierung gemäß der Erfindung können auch noch schwierige Geometrien relativ einfach und mit hoher Formtreue nachgebildet werden.The object is achieved in that the body to be insulated, which is coated with the wet fiber-oriented cellulose, is coated with at least one layer of a moisture-permeable, stretch-elastic fabric and is dried using devices which additionally ensure the prescribed geometry of the body. This insulation is homogeneous and gap-free and shows no electrical discharge. The electrical dielectric strength is particularly high. With insulation according to the invention, even difficult geometries can be simulated relatively easily and with high dimensional accuracy.
Die nasse, faserorientierte Cellulose wird im folgenden als »Naßstoff« bezeichnet. Der Naßstoff ist aus dünnen Einzellagen geschichtet, wobei die einzelne Lage zwischen 0,10 und 0,20 mm, vorzugsweise 0,15 mm dick ist. Die Schichtung der Isolierung wird bis zu einer Gesamtdicke durchgeführt, die für die geforderte Dicke der trockenen Isolierung nötig ist. Die Schichtung kann auch ersetzt werden durch Teilung einer dicken Schicht des Naßstoffes. Beim Aufbringen der Isolierung soll der Feststoffanteil des Naßstoffes bei höchstens 20% liegen; der Rest ist Wasser.The wet, fiber-oriented cellulose is referred to below as "wet substance". The wet material is layered from thin individual layers, the individual layer being between 0.10 and 0.20 mm, preferably 0.15 mm thick. The layering of the insulation is carried out up to a total thickness which is necessary for the required thickness of the dry insulation. The stratification can also be replaced by dividing a thick layer of the wet material. When applying the insulation, the solids content of the wet substance should not exceed 20%; the rest is water.
Unter Formzwang wird dem »Naßstoff« die Feuchtigkeit entzogen. Dies kann bei ungehindertem Dampfaustausch bei Temperaturen zwischen 70° C und 90° C, vorzugsweise 80° C erfolgen. Dabei bindet die faserorientierte Cellulose während des Trocknens ohne Leimzusatz. Die beim Trocknen durch den Feuchtigkeitsverlust bedingte Schrumpfung (bis zu 50%) muß beim Aufbringen des »Naßstoffs« berücksichtigt werden. Um ein Wegschrumpfen der Naßstoffschicht von der Innenwand des Spulenkörpers zu verhindern, kann mit einem verstellbar harten Kern die Form gehalten werden. Zur Formung der übrigen Spulenkonturen und zur mechanischen Verdichtung des »Naßstoffs« und zum Erreichen der geforderten Maßhaltigkeit der jeweiligen Spulengeometrie wird ein feuchtigkeitsdurchlässiges, dehnungselastisches Gewebe, vorzugsweise ein Gummigewebe oder ein dehnungselastisches Kunststoffilament (Lycra0) aufgebracht. Dies gewährleistet zum einen den ungehinderten Austritt der Feuchtigkeit aus dem Naßstoff (Dränage-Effekt), zum anderen gleicht es die sich ständig schrumpfbedingt ändernden Abmessungen der mit faserorientierter Cellulose isolierten Spule aus. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nicht nur einfacher als die aufwendige Bandagenisolierung, sondern es gestattet auch die Isolierung in kürzerer Zeit.The moisture is removed from the »wet substance« under pressure. This can be done with unhindered steam exchange at temperatures between 70 ° C and 90 ° C, preferably 80 ° C. The fiber-oriented cellulose binds during drying without the addition of glue. The shrinkage caused by the loss of moisture during drying (up to 50%) must be taken into account when applying the »wet material«. In order to prevent the wet layer from shrinking away from the inner wall of the coil body, the shape can be held with an adjustable hard core. A moisture-permeable, stretch-elastic fabric, preferably a rubber fabric or a stretch-elastic plastic filament (Lycra 0 ), is applied to form the remaining coil contours and to mechanically compress the “wet substance” and to achieve the required dimensional accuracy of the respective coil geometry. On the one hand, this guarantees the unhindered escape of moisture from the wet material (drainage effect), and on the other hand it resembles the constantly changing dimensions due to shrinkage compared to that of fiber-oriented cellulose isolated coil. The method according to the invention is not only simpler than the expensive bandage insulation, but it also allows insulation in a shorter time.
Eine Isolierung gemäß der Erfindung eignet sich zum Isolieren von elektrischen Spulen gegen Hochspannung in Transformatoren und Wandlern und auch von Leitungen in Hochspannungsgeräten.Insulation according to the invention is suitable for isolating electrical coils from high voltage in transformers and converters and also from lines in high-voltage devices.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Beispiels und der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail using an example and the drawing.
In den Figuren 1 und 2, die fertig isolierte Spulen 3 von Heiztransformatoren für Röntgengeräte zeigen, ist jeweils mit 1 der Spreizdorn und mit 2 die Grenzwert-Lehre bezeichnet. 4 ist die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung, noch mit dem dehnungselastischen Gewebe umhüllt.In FIGS. 1 and 2, which show fully insulated coils 3 of heating transformers for X-ray devices, 1 denotes the expanding mandrel and 2 the limit value teaching. 4 is the coating according to the invention, still covered with the stretch-elastic fabric.
Mit einer Stichsäge werden aus geschichteten Naßstoffplatten von faserorientierter Cellulose Streifen der Größe 20 x 240 mm geschnitten. Die Streifen werden auf 1 mm Dicke geteilt und vor dem Verarbeiten ca. 3 min in Wasser gelegt. Mit den so vorbereiteten Naßstoffstreifen wird die Spule eines Heiztransformators für Röntgengeräte umwickelt. Anschließend wird sie mit einer elastischen Binde (Lycra®-Gewebe) in zwei Lagen bandagiert. Die erste Lage wird mit leichtem, die zweite mit festem Zug aufgebracht. Anschließend wird ein Spreizdorn eingeschoben, von jeder Seite eine Grenzwertlehre aufgesteckt und der Spreizdorn bis auf den Grenzwertdurchmesser der Lehren aufgedreht.With a jigsaw, 20 x 240 mm strips are cut from layered sheets of fiber-oriented cellulose. The strips are divided to a thickness of 1 mm and placed in water for about 3 minutes before processing. The coil of a heating transformer for X-ray devices is wrapped with the wet substance strips prepared in this way. Then it is bandaged in two layers with an elastic bandage (Lycra® fabric). The first layer is applied with a light pull, the second with a firm pull. Then an expanding mandrel is inserted, a limit gauge is attached from each side and the expanding mandrel is turned up to the limit diameter of the gauges.
Zum Trocknen wird die Spule dann 24 Stunden bei ca. 80° C in einem Umluftofen belassen. Nach dem Abkühlen wird der Spreizdorn entfernt, und die Bandagen werden abgenommen. Die für die Isolierung der Spule erforderliche Arbeitszeit beträgt ca. 1/2 Stunde.The coil is then left to dry in a forced air oven at approx. 80 ° C for 24 hours. After cooling, the expanding mandrel is removed and the bandages are removed. Required for the insulation of the coil working time is about half an hour.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2927400A DE2927400A1 (en) | 1979-07-06 | 1979-07-06 | HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION, ESPECIALLY FOR ELECTRIC COILS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION |
| DE2927400 | 1979-07-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0022207A1 EP0022207A1 (en) | 1981-01-14 |
| EP0022207B1 true EP0022207B1 (en) | 1983-05-25 |
Family
ID=6075111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80103515A Expired EP0022207B1 (en) | 1979-07-06 | 1980-06-23 | Method of manufacturing high tension insulation and method of insulating an electric coil using this insulation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0022207B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5615504A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2927400A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3234098A1 (en) * | 1982-09-14 | 1984-03-15 | Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | METHOD FOR PRODUCING WINDINGS EMBEDDED IN CASTING RESIN FOR TRANSFORMERS |
| US6676710B2 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2004-01-13 | North Carolina State University | Process for treating textile substrates |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1066662B (en) * | 1959-10-08 | |||
| DE1209203B (en) * | 1962-11-23 | 1966-01-20 | Siemens Ag | Layer winding for electrical high-voltage devices, especially voltage converters |
| US3324222A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1967-06-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Treated cellulosic material and electrical apparatus embodying the same |
| DE1490543A1 (en) * | 1964-03-28 | 1969-07-03 | Siemens Ag | Winding for electrical devices with silicone rubber cover |
| DE1490909A1 (en) * | 1964-11-20 | 1969-06-19 | Liebknecht Transformat | High-voltage insulation, especially for current transformers, and processes for producing high-voltage insulation |
| BE793219A (en) * | 1971-12-22 | 1973-06-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | FRETTING TAPES |
| US3842193A (en) * | 1973-07-06 | 1974-10-15 | Anaconda Co | Glass insulated magnet wire |
-
1979
- 1979-07-06 DE DE2927400A patent/DE2927400A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1980
- 1980-06-23 EP EP80103515A patent/EP0022207B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-23 DE DE8080103515T patent/DE3063463D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-07 JP JP9256780A patent/JPS5615504A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2927400A1 (en) | 1981-01-08 |
| DE3063463D1 (en) | 1983-07-07 |
| EP0022207A1 (en) | 1981-01-14 |
| JPS5615504A (en) | 1981-02-14 |
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