EP0021119B1 - Tent for civil and military use - Google Patents

Tent for civil and military use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0021119B1
EP0021119B1 EP80103030A EP80103030A EP0021119B1 EP 0021119 B1 EP0021119 B1 EP 0021119B1 EP 80103030 A EP80103030 A EP 80103030A EP 80103030 A EP80103030 A EP 80103030A EP 0021119 B1 EP0021119 B1 EP 0021119B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tent
layer
air
paint
wall
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EP80103030A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0021119A3 (en
EP0021119A2 (en
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Pusch
Alexander Dipl.-Phys. Hoffmann
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Individual
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Priority to AT80103030T priority Critical patent/ATE3362T1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/54Covers of tents or canopies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/919Camouflaged article

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tent for civil and military use, the wall and ceiling parts of which consist of a metallized material, in particular a plastic-coated metallized textile fabric.
  • tents only have limited weather protection. Because of the demand for high tensile strength with low weight and volume, fabric is used as the material for the tent walls, this fabric being impregnated or coated with plastics to increase the water resistance. So-called awnings are used to improve wind and weather protection. The tents themselves usually only have a low thermal insulation capacity.
  • tents in military use They are usually provided with camouflage colors, so that they match the color of the landscape.
  • camouflage colors so that they match the color of the landscape.
  • optical visual means of clarification if they are illuminated on the inside, they are easily recognizable, especially at night, by means of optical visual means of clarification.
  • Visually optical means the spectral range that is perceptible to the human eye.
  • thermal imaging devices or infrared-optical sensors are increasingly being used in the military sector, which preferably operate in the infrared spectral range between 8 and 12 f.lm wavelength. These can also be used to identify tents with camouflage color at a great distance if they warm up due to the crew inside them or from devices.
  • US Pat. No. 3,244,186 describes a tent in which at least one of the tent walls consists of a tarpaulin which is made up of one or, if appropriate, two reflection layers, an absorption layer and a carrier material. The order in which these individual layers are brought together depends on the purpose of the tent wall in question. If the tent is to be kept cool, the reflective layer is attached to the outside of a tent wall and the tent is aligned with this tent wall so that the sun rays hit it and are reflected. If the tent is to be heated by the sun's rays, a tent wall is kept transparent so that the sun's rays can enter.
  • an absorption layer attached to the inside of a tent wall is heated, so that it emits infrared rays and a convection flow is generated in the adjacent air layer.
  • Another possibility is the arrangement of the absorption layer on the outside of a tent wall, so that it is heated directly by the sunlight and in this way generates infrared radiation inside.
  • heating the tent wall is particularly unsuitable for military use, since such tents can then be clearly recognized by thermal imaging devices.
  • An outer reflective layer is also unsuitable, since reflecting surfaces in the optical range can be recognized at great distances and are also unsatisfactory aesthetically.
  • protective measures must be taken for the reflective layer in order to avoid corrosion. This is done here by using an aluminum paint.
  • such colors have very poor reflective properties and therefore also heat up relatively strongly.
  • a tent with an awning is known, in which the individual tent parts consist of a fabric that is coated with plastic and optionally has a metal coating.
  • the metal coating can reflect radiation in the infrared radiation range.
  • a tent-like cover is known from FR-A No. 2399511, in which two layers of a film or fabric material are arranged at a mutual distance with the aid of a scaffold such that an air layer remains between the two layers.
  • a reflective material layer such as an aluminum layer, is attached to the mutually facing sides of the layers.
  • Such an arrangement can also be used to form field hospitals.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve previously known tents.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the wall and ceiling parts are provided on the outside and / or inside with a visual color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm wavelength.
  • a tent according to the invention ensures that a body-comfortable atmosphere is created inside the tent with substantial energy savings.
  • the tent gives all residents the impression that the inside temperature in the tent is currently always kept at a comfortable room temperature, which is only achieved by largely reducing the thermal radiation exchange between the inside of the tent and the outside is decorated.
  • the invention also ensures that a tent designed in this way is protected against hostile location both in the visible spectral range, i.e. visible to the human eye at night, and in the far R range by thermal reconnaissance devices such as FLIR or line scans. This protection can be further improved by camouflage colors on the outside of the tent so that it is not possible to locate it during the day.
  • the tent is preferably designed such that the wall or ceiling parts consist of an outer and an inner material layer. This also improves thermal insulation in particular.
  • both the inside of the outer layer of material and the inside and outside of the inner layer of material are provided with a color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm.
  • a color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm.
  • the air gaps preferably having a width of 1 ⁇ 4 o the height of the air gaps. If these air gaps are closed, there is additional thermal insulation.
  • the textile fabric preferably consists of a polyamide, polyester or glass fiber base fabric with a plastic coating made of soft PVC, polyurethane or silicone rubber, the metallization by precipitation of an aluminum, tin or chrome / nickel layer in a vacuum on or directly on the plastic coating a transfer film with subsequent transfer to the plastic coating is produced.
  • the metal layer expediently has a thickness between 20 and 50 nm. Such a layer thickness has proven to be completely sufficient for practically complete reflection of the IR radiation. Thicker layers therefore essentially only mean a higher consumption of metal, without causing a significant increase in reflection. As a corrosion protection for the metal layer and also to improve the adhesion of the subsequent paint layer, it has proven to be expedient to apply a paint protection layer of about 10 ⁇ m thick to the metal layer.
  • the paint is applied either directly to the metal layer or to the protective lacquer layer and should essentially be based on a binder which is a copolymer of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene and which is mixed with pigments which, in the case of a camouflage paint, show the reflectance intended for a camouflage paint in the visible Deliver part of the spectral range.
  • a binder which is a copolymer of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene and which is mixed with pigments which, in the case of a camouflage paint, show the reflectance intended for a camouflage paint in the visible Deliver part of the spectral range.
  • the metallization is preferably provided with microfine cracks by milling and embossing. If this measure is used in conjunction with water vapor-permeable coating agents, preferably polyvinyl acetate, the tent walls have very good water vapor permeability, so that the risk of a feeling of a greenhouse atmosphere is avoided.
  • a tent wall consists of an outer fabric layer 1 and an inner fabric layer 2, which are kept at a distance by spacers, which may also be in the form of flexible fabric sheets 3.
  • spacers which may also be in the form of flexible fabric sheets 3.
  • nerste fabric web 9 are provided, which includes an air gap 8 with the inner fabric web 6.
  • All fabric layers 1, 2, 5, 6 and 9 are made of a plastic-coated, metallized material, as shown in cross section in FIG. 3. There are a variety of possible materials for this purpose, which differ from each other in both mechanical and chemical quality, but are still all usable.
  • a water vapor permeable material such as e.g. Polyvinyl acetate used.
  • the fabric web is then tumbled or embossed in order to produce micrometer-fine cracks that make the entire fabric layer permeable to water vapor.
  • such fabric layers have a reflectivity for radiation in the range from 4 to 25 ⁇ m in the wavelength of over 60%.
  • the walls can have an aesthetically acceptable appearance, but at the same time no IR radiation is absorbed by this visual design. This results in an optimal reflection on the metal layer 13 of the tent walls for IR radiation.
  • a tent wall which is made of two fabric layers (as shown in Fig. 1 and 1 a), these two layers 1 and 2 form an air gap 12 ', which is open at both the upper and lower ends.
  • the width of this air gap 12 ' is determined to a certain extent, depending on its height, by strips 3, which enable a free vertical air flow.
  • the function of this air gap is that both in winter and in summer, due to temperature differences between the outer and inner tent walls 1 and 2, the air does not transfer heat from the inner to the outer fabric layer or vice versa by convection or heat conduction.
  • This air is constantly exchanged by a free laminar air flow. This air flow is caused by the difference in density between the air on the inner tent wall 2 and the air on the outer tent wall 1, which has the temperature of the outside air.
  • the air gap can be larger, then larger values result due to heat conduction. Good results were found experimentally with an arrangement according to FIG. 4.
  • the height of the air gap 20, 21 is 2 m. At the lower end 20 the air gap is between 50 and 100 mm wide, at the upper end 21 its width is approximately between 15 and 50 mm.
  • the roof 22 of the tent protrudes by a length of 200 mm in order to protect the interior of the air gap from rain and snow.
  • the relation between width b and height h of the air gap is between 1:10 and 1:50.
  • heat transfer by radiation exchange is prevented, since the thermal emissivity of the metallized material due to the highly reflective metal layer, which is covered with a color layer 14, which is practically transparent in the infrared part of the spectrum from 3 to 20 ⁇ m, is around 0.1.
  • the two-layer tent does not significantly increase the heat storage inside the tent. Its important function is to drastically reduce the contrast of the tent with its surroundings, both in the visible part of the spectrum and in the thermal part, especially in the areas of the usual sensors.
  • a further improvement, especially in winter, when the tents have to be heated, can be achieved by using a tent wall, which is made of three fabric layers, as in FIG. 2.
  • the first two layers 5 and 6 together with 7 form an open air gap 12 'as in the first case.
  • the third layer 9 forms a further air gap 8, which has a width between 30 and 100 mm and is maintained by strips 11, which run perpendicular to the strips 7 in the first air gap. Furthermore, this air gap 8 is completely sealed on all sides, including one Inflation opening.
  • the function of the second air gap 8 is to form a heat-insulating air cushion.
  • the fabric strips 11 run horizontally to prevent the trapped air from circulating; this improves the thermal resistance of this air gap.
  • the metallized material is coated on the inside with a 1R transparent (in the range from 3 to 20 ⁇ m) color. Only the outside of the outermost fabric layer 5 is covered with a known camouflage color, which is effective over a large spectral range (UV to FIR).
  • the tent roof or (sky) 4 or 10 is constructed similar to the vertical walls. A three-layer composition for the roof can also be combined with a two-layer composition for the side walls, depending on the type of tent.
  • the plastic-coated metallized material is opaque to both electromagnetic radiation and air and water vapor. For this reason, the tent should have adjustable openings for fresh air intake, exhausted used air and excess moisture. Water vapor permeable walls can be made as described above.
  • the air conditioning in the tent can also be improved by utilizing the air flow between the outermost and closest inner fabric layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

Tents with one or more walls for military use that provide protection against modern sight and IR-optical search methods, in which plastic-coated metallized cloth is used as a material for the tent walls and roofs. The outer side of the outermost tent wall is provided with known camouflage paints. The inner side of the outer cloth layer as well as the outsides and insides of the inner cloth layers are provided with only one color that is practically impervious to the infrared portion of the spectrum of about 3 to 20 mu m.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Zelt für den zivilen und militärischen Gebrauch, dessen Wand und Deckenteile aus einem metallisierten Material, insbesondere einem kunststoffbeschichteten metallisierten Textilgewebe, bestehen.The present invention relates to a tent for civil and military use, the wall and ceiling parts of which consist of a metallized material, in particular a plastic-coated metallized textile fabric.

Bisher bekannte Zelte besitzen nur einen beschränkten Witterungsschutz. Wegen der Forderung nach hoher Reissfestigkeit bei geringem Gewicht und Volumen wird als Material für die Zeltwände Gewebe verwendet, wobei dieses Gewebe zur Erhöhung der Wasserdichtigkeit imprägniert oder mit Kunststoffen beschichtet wird. Zur Verbesserung des Wind- und Wetterschutzes werden sogenannte Überzelte eingesetzt. Die Zelte selbst besitzen zumeist nur eine geringe Wärmedämmfähigkeit.Previously known tents only have limited weather protection. Because of the demand for high tensile strength with low weight and volume, fabric is used as the material for the tent walls, this fabric being impregnated or coated with plastics to increase the water resistance. So-called awnings are used to improve wind and weather protection. The tents themselves usually only have a low thermal insulation capacity.

Die gleichen Nachteile weisen im militärischen Einsatz befindliche Zelte auf. Sie sind zwar in der Regel mit Tarnfarben versehen, damit sie sich von der Farbgebung her in die Landschaft einpassen. Wenn sie jedoch im Inneren beleuchtet werden, so sind sie vor allem bei Nacht ohne weiteres durch sichtoptische Aufklärungsmittel erkennbar. Unter sichtoptisch ist dabei der Spektralbereich zu verstehen, der für das menschliche Auge wahrnehmbar ist.The same disadvantages have tents in military use. They are usually provided with camouflage colors, so that they match the color of the landscape. However, if they are illuminated on the inside, they are easily recognizable, especially at night, by means of optical visual means of clarification. Visually optical means the spectral range that is perceptible to the human eye.

Daneben werden im militärischen Bereich zunehmend Wärmebildgeräte bzw. infrarotoptische Sensoren eingesetzt, die vorzugsweise im Infrarot-Spektralbereich zwischen 8 und 12 f.lm Wellenlänge arbeiten. Mit diesen können auch mit Tarnfarbe versehene Zelte auf grosse Entfernung erkannt werden, wenn sie sich durch die in ihnen befindliche Mannschaft oder durch Geräte erwärmen.In addition, thermal imaging devices or infrared-optical sensors are increasingly being used in the military sector, which preferably operate in the infrared spectral range between 8 and 12 f.lm wavelength. These can also be used to identify tents with camouflage color at a great distance if they warm up due to the crew inside them or from devices.

In der US-A Nr. 3244186 ist ein Zelt beschrieben, bei dem zumindest eine der Zeltwände aus einer Zeltplane besteht, welche aus einer oder gegebenenfalls zwei Reflexionsschichten, einer Absorptionsschicht und einem Trägermaterial aufgebaut ist. Die Reihenfolge, in der diese einzelnen Schichten aufeinander gebracht sind, bestimmt sich dabei nach dem jeweiligen Zweck der betreffenden Zeltwand. Soll das Zelt kühl gehalten werden, so wird die Reflexionsschicht an einer Zeltwand aussen angebracht und das Zelt mit dieser Zeltwand so ausgerichtet, dass die Sonnenstrahlen dort auftreffen und reflektiert werden. Soll das Zelt durch Sonnenstrahlen erwärmt werden, so wird eine Zeltwand transparent gehalten, um die Sonnenstrahlen dort eintreten zu lassen. Hierdurch wird eine an der Innenseite einer Zeltwand angebrachte Absorptionsschicht erwärmt, so dass diese Infrarotstrahlen aussendet und eine Konvektionsströmung in der angrenzenden Luftschicht erzeugt wird. Als eine weitere Möglichkeit wird die Anordnung der Absorptionsschicht an der Aussenseite einer Zeltwand angesehen, so dass diese durch das Sonnenlicht direkt erwärmt wird und auf diese Weise im Inneren Infrarotstrahlung erzeugt.US Pat. No. 3,244,186 describes a tent in which at least one of the tent walls consists of a tarpaulin which is made up of one or, if appropriate, two reflection layers, an absorption layer and a carrier material. The order in which these individual layers are brought together depends on the purpose of the tent wall in question. If the tent is to be kept cool, the reflective layer is attached to the outside of a tent wall and the tent is aligned with this tent wall so that the sun rays hit it and are reflected. If the tent is to be heated by the sun's rays, a tent wall is kept transparent so that the sun's rays can enter. As a result, an absorption layer attached to the inside of a tent wall is heated, so that it emits infrared rays and a convection flow is generated in the adjacent air layer. Another possibility is the arrangement of the absorption layer on the outside of a tent wall, so that it is heated directly by the sunlight and in this way generates infrared radiation inside.

Eine Erwärmung der Zeltwand ist jedoch gerade für militärische Einsatzzwecke ungeeignet, da solche Zelte dann durch Wärmebildgeräte klar erkannt werden können. Ebensowenig ist eine äussere Reflexionsschicht brauchbar, da spiegelnde Flächen im sichtoptischen Bereich auf grosse Entfernungen erkannt werden können und zudem auch ästhetisch nicht befriedigen. Davon abgesehen müssen für die Reflexionsschicht Schutzvorkehrungen getroffen werden, um Korrosion zu vermeiden. Dies geschieht hier dadurch, dass eine Aluminiumfarbe verwendet wird. Solche Farben haben jedoch sehr schlechte Reflexionseigenschaften und erwärmen sich deshalb ebenfalls relativ stark.However, heating the tent wall is particularly unsuitable for military use, since such tents can then be clearly recognized by thermal imaging devices. An outer reflective layer is also unsuitable, since reflecting surfaces in the optical range can be recognized at great distances and are also unsatisfactory aesthetically. Apart from that, protective measures must be taken for the reflective layer in order to avoid corrosion. This is done here by using an aluminum paint. However, such colors have very poor reflective properties and therefore also heat up relatively strongly.

Aus der US-A Nr. 3598133 ist ein Zelt mit einem Überzelt bekannt, bei dem die einzelnen Zeltteile aus einem Gewebe bestehen, das mit Kunststoff beschichtet ist und gegebenenfalls einen Metallüberzug aufweist. Durch die Metallbeschichtung kann Strahlung im Infrarot-Strahlungsbereich reflektiert werden.From US-A No. 3598133 a tent with an awning is known, in which the individual tent parts consist of a fabric that is coated with plastic and optionally has a metal coating. The metal coating can reflect radiation in the infrared radiation range.

Aus der FR-A Nr. 2399511 ist eine zeltähnliche Abdeckung bekannt, bei der zwei Lagen aus einem Folien- oder Gewebematerial mit Hilfe eines Gerüstes derart im gegenseitigen Abstand angeordnet sind, dass zwischen den beiden Lagen eine Luftschicht verbleibt. Auf den einander zugewandten Seiten der Lagen ist eine reflektierende Materialschicht, wie etwa eine Aluminiumschicht, angebracht.A tent-like cover is known from FR-A No. 2399511, in which two layers of a film or fabric material are arranged at a mutual distance with the aid of a scaffold such that an air layer remains between the two layers. A reflective material layer, such as an aluminum layer, is attached to the mutually facing sides of the layers.

Eine derartige Anordnung kann auch zur Ausbildung von Feldlazaretten verwandt werden.Such an arrangement can also be used to form field hospitals.

Aus der DE-A Nr. 2019487 waren auch bereits Gewebebahnen bekannt, die auf ihrer Aussenseite zur Verbesserung der thermischen Reflektion mit einer Metallfolie beklebt sind. Gleichzeitig wurden in die Metallfolie dicht nebeneinanderliegende Schlitze eingeschnitten, um die Luftdurchlässigkeit der Gewebebahn zu verbessern.From DE-A No. 2019487, fabric webs were already known, which are covered with a metal foil on the outside to improve the thermal reflection. At the same time, closely spaced slots were cut into the metal foil in order to improve the air permeability of the fabric web.

Weiterhin sind auch aus der BE-A Nr. 699963 Materialbahnen zur Herstellung von Schutzräumen gegen atmosphärische Einflüsse, bei der die Bahn jeweils aus zwei Lagen gebildet ist, deren Zwischenraum in mehrere nebeneinanderliegende, gegeneinander abgetrennte Räume unterteilt ist, bekannt.Furthermore, from BE-A No. 699963 material webs for the production of shelters against atmospheric influences are known, in which the web is formed in each case from two layers, the space between which is divided into several adjacent, separated rooms.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bisher bekannte Zelte zu verbessern. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Wand- und Deckenteile aussen und/oder innen mit einer sichtoptischen Farbe versehen sind, die für Strahlung im I R-Spektralbereich von 3 bis 20 f.lm Wellenlänge im wesentlichen durchlässig ist.The present invention has for its object to improve previously known tents. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the wall and ceiling parts are provided on the outside and / or inside with a visual color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm wavelength.

Durch ein erfindungsgemässes Zelt wird erreicht, dass unter wesentlichen Einsparungen von Energie eine körperbehagliche Atmosphäre im inneren des Zeltes geschaffen wird. Das Zelt vermittelt allen Bewohnern den Eindruck, dass die Innentemperatur im Zelt gerade immer etwa auf einer angenehmen Raumtemperatur gehalten wird, was lediglich dadurch erreicht wird, dass der thermische Strahlungsaustausch zwischen dem Inneren des Zeltes und der Aussenseite weitgehend reduziert wird. Durch die Erfindung wird andererseits aber auch erreicht, dass ein derart ausgestaltetes Zelt gegen eine feindliche Ortung sowohl im sichtbaren, also für das menschliche Auge wahrnehmbaren Spektralbereich bei Nacht, als auch im Bereich des fernen R durch thermische Aufklärungsgeräte wie FLIR- oder Linescann geschützt ist. Dieser Schutz kann noch dadurch verbessert werden, dass auf die Aussenseite des Zeltes Tarnfarben aufgebracht sind, so dass auch am Tage eine Ortung nicht möglich ist.A tent according to the invention ensures that a body-comfortable atmosphere is created inside the tent with substantial energy savings. The tent gives all residents the impression that the inside temperature in the tent is currently always kept at a comfortable room temperature, which is only achieved by largely reducing the thermal radiation exchange between the inside of the tent and the outside is decorated. On the other hand, the invention also ensures that a tent designed in this way is protected against hostile location both in the visible spectral range, i.e. visible to the human eye at night, and in the far R range by thermal reconnaissance devices such as FLIR or line scans. This protection can be further improved by camouflage colors on the outside of the tent so that it is not possible to locate it during the day.

Vorzugsweise wird das Zelt derart ausgestaltet, dass die Wand- oder Deckenteile aus einer äusseren und einer inneren Materiallage bestehen. Hierdurch wird insbesondere auch die Wärmedämmung verbessert.The tent is preferably designed such that the wall or ceiling parts consist of an outer and an inner material layer. This also improves thermal insulation in particular.

Gemäss einer zweckmässigen Ausgestaltung werden sowohl die Innenseite der äusseren Materiallage, wie auch die Innen- und Aussenseite der inneren Materiallage mit einer Farbe versehen, die für Strahlung im IR-Spektralbereich von 3 bis 20 f.lm im wesentlichen durchlässig ist. Hierdurch wird die Reflexion der Wände im IR-Strahlungsbereich wesentlich erhöht und die Absorption der Wände für Wärmestrahlung praktisch auf 0 herabgesetzt. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Wände des Zeltes praktisch nicht durch Absorption von Wärmestrahlung aus dem Inneren des Zeltes aufgeheizt werden. Dadurch findet im Inneren des Zeltes keine Temperatursenkung durch Absorption von Wärmestrahlung an den Wänden statt, während anderseits die Aussenseite des Zeltes im wesentlichen auf der Temperatur der Umgebungsatmosphäre liegt und somit nicht durch IR-Sensoren geortet werden kann.According to an expedient embodiment, both the inside of the outer layer of material and the inside and outside of the inner layer of material are provided with a color which is essentially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 f.lm. As a result, the reflection of the walls in the IR radiation area is significantly increased and the absorption of the walls for thermal radiation is practically reduced to 0. This ensures that the walls of the tent are practically not heated by absorption of heat radiation from inside the tent. As a result, there is no temperature reduction inside the tent due to absorption of heat radiation on the walls, while on the other hand the outside of the tent is essentially at the temperature of the ambient atmosphere and therefore cannot be located by IR sensors.

Es hat sich als zweckmässig erwiesen, zwischen der inneren und der äusseren Gewebelage Luftspalte einzuhalten, wobei die Luftspälte vorzugsweise eine Breite von ¼ o der Höhe der Luftspalte haben. Sofern diese Luftspalte abgeschlossen sind, ergibt sich eine zusätzliche Wärmedämmung. Für den Einsatz im militärischen Bereich kann es jedoch auch zweckmässig sein, die Luftspalte so auszugestalten, dass sie einen unteren Lufteinlass und einen oberen Luftauslass aufweisen und dass der obere Luftauslass nach oben hin abgedeckt ist. In diesem Falle kann eine laminare Luftströmung durch die Luftspalte erzielt werden, wodurch die aussenliegende Gewebelage zusätzlich gekühlt wird und somit verstärkt sichergestellt wird, dass diese äussere Gewebelage auf der Umgebungstemperatur gehalten wird.It has proven to be expedient to maintain air gaps between the inner and the outer fabric layer, the air gaps preferably having a width of ¼ o the height of the air gaps. If these air gaps are closed, there is additional thermal insulation. For use in the military field, however, it can also be expedient to design the air gaps in such a way that they have a lower air inlet and an upper air outlet and that the upper air outlet is covered at the top. In this case, a laminar air flow through the air gaps can be achieved, whereby the outer fabric layer is additionally cooled and thus it is ensured to an increasing extent that this outer fabric layer is kept at the ambient temperature.

Das Textilgewebe besteht bevorzugt aus einem Polyamid-, Polyester- oder Glasfasergrundgewebe mit einer Kunststoffbeschichtung aus Weich-PVC, Polyurethan oder Silikonkautschuk, wobei die Metallisierung durch Niederschlag einer Aluminium-, Zinn- oder Chrom/Nickel-Schicht im Vakuum auf der Kunststoffbeschichtung direkt oder auf einer Transferfolie mit anschliessender Übertragung auf die Kunststoffbeschichtung hergestellt wird.The textile fabric preferably consists of a polyamide, polyester or glass fiber base fabric with a plastic coating made of soft PVC, polyurethane or silicone rubber, the metallization by precipitation of an aluminum, tin or chrome / nickel layer in a vacuum on or directly on the plastic coating a transfer film with subsequent transfer to the plastic coating is produced.

Die Metallschicht hat zweckmässigerweise eine Dicke zwischen 20 und 50 nm. Eine solche Schichtdicke hat sich als völlig ausreichend erwiesen für eine praktisch vollständige Reflexion der IR-Strahlung. Dickere Schichten bedeuten deshalb im wesentlichen lediglich einen höheren Verbrauch an Metall, ohne noch eine wesentliche Steigerung der Reflexion zu bewirken. Als Korrosionsschutzfürdie Metallschicht sowie auch zur Verbesserung der Haftung der nachfolgenden Farbschicht hat es sich als zweckmässig erwiesen, auf die Metallschicht eine Lackschutzschicht von etwa 10 µm Stärke aufzubringen.The metal layer expediently has a thickness between 20 and 50 nm. Such a layer thickness has proven to be completely sufficient for practically complete reflection of the IR radiation. Thicker layers therefore essentially only mean a higher consumption of metal, without causing a significant increase in reflection. As a corrosion protection for the metal layer and also to improve the adhesion of the subsequent paint layer, it has proven to be expedient to apply a paint protection layer of about 10 μm thick to the metal layer.

Die Farbe wird entweder direkt auf die Metallschicht oder auf die Lackschutzschicht aufgebracht und sollte im wesentlichen auf einem Binder basieren, der ein Copolymer des Polyäthylens oder Polytetrafluoräthylens ist und der mit Pigmenten versetzt ist, die im Falle einer Tarnfarbe die für eine Tarnfarbe bestimmte Remission im sichtbaren Teil des Spektralbereichs liefern.The paint is applied either directly to the metal layer or to the protective lacquer layer and should essentially be based on a binder which is a copolymer of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene and which is mixed with pigments which, in the case of a camouflage paint, show the reflectance intended for a camouflage paint in the visible Deliver part of the spectral range.

Zur Verbesserung des Wohlbefindens von Personen im Zelt wird vorzugsweise die Metallisierung durch Walken und Prägen mit mikrofeinen Rissen versehen. Wenn diese Massnahme in Verbindung mit wasserdampfdurchlässigen Beschichtungsmitteln, vorzugsweise Polyvinylacetat, angewandt wird, so ergibt sich eine sehr gute Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit der Zeltwände, so dass die Gefahr des Gefühls einer Treibhausatmosphäre vermieden wird.To improve the well-being of people in the tent, the metallization is preferably provided with microfine cracks by milling and embossing. If this measure is used in conjunction with water vapor-permeable coating agents, preferably polyvinyl acetate, the tent walls have very good water vapor permeability, so that the risk of a feeling of a greenhouse atmosphere is avoided.

Sofern nur eine Gewebelage verwandt wird, aber auch dann, wenn bereits zwei Gewebelagen verwandt werden, zwischen denen Luftspalte gebildet sind, kann es zur Erhöhung der Wirkung zweckmässig sein, zusätzlich eine innerste Gewebelage vorzusehen, die mit der angrenzenden Gewebelage einen abgeschlossenen Luftspalt, etwa in Form des Luftkissens, bildet. Bevorzugt werden in diesem Fall zwischen diesen Stofflagen horizontal verlaufende Abstandshalter vorgesehen, die eine Luftbewegung im Inneren des abgeschlossenen Luftspaltes unterdrücken.If only one fabric layer is used, but also if two fabric layers are already used, between which air gaps are formed, it may be expedient to increase the effect by additionally providing an innermost fabric layer that has a closed air gap with the adjacent fabric layer, for example in Shape of the air cushion. In this case, horizontal spacers are preferably provided between these layers of fabric, which suppress air movement in the interior of the closed air gap.

Im folgenden soll die Erfindung näher an Hand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert werden. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Teilschnittansicht durch eine Zeltwand, die zwei Stofflagen aufweist;
  • Fig. 1 a eine Seitenansicht der Zeltwand aus Fig. 1 im Schnitt;
  • Fig. 2 eine Teilschnittansicht einer Zeltwand, die drei Gewebelagen hat;
  • Fig. 2a eine Teilseitenansicht einer Zeltwand aus Fig. 2 im Schnitt;
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch ein kunststoffbeschichtetes, metallisiertes Textilgewebe;
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine ganze vertikale Zeltwand entsprechend der Fig. 1.
In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
  • Figure 1 is a partial sectional view through a tent wall having two layers of fabric.
  • 1 a shows a side view of the tent wall from FIG. 1 in section;
  • Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a tent wall having three layers of fabric.
  • 2a shows a partial side view of a tent wall from FIG. 2 in section;
  • 3 shows a cross section through a plastic-coated, metallized textile fabric.
  • Fi g . 4 shows a cross section through an entire vertical tent wall corresponding to FIG. 1.

Wie aus Fig. 1 hervorgeht, besteht eine Zeltwand aus einer äusseren Gewebelage 1 und einer inneren Gewebelage 2, die durch Abstandshalter, die etwa ebenfalls in Form von flexiblen Gewebebahnen 3 bestehen können, im Abstand gehalten werden. Wie aus den Fig. 2 und 2a hervorgeht, kann neben diesen ersten beiden Gewebelagen 5 und 6, die durch flexible Abstandshalter 7 im Abstand voneinander gehalten werden, noch eine innerste Gewebebahn 9 vorgesehen werden, die mit der innenliegenden Gewebebahn 6 einen Luftspalt 8 einschliesst. Alle Gewebelagen 1, 2, 5, 6 bzw. 9 sind aus einem kunststoffbeschichteten, metallisierten Material hergestellt, wie es im Querschnitt in Fig. 3 gezeigt ist. Es gibt eine Vielfalt von möglichen Materialien für diesen Zweck, die sowohl in der mechanischen als auch in der chemischen Qualität voneinander abweichen, aber trotzdem alle verwendbar sind.As can be seen from FIG. 1, a tent wall consists of an outer fabric layer 1 and an inner fabric layer 2, which are kept at a distance by spacers, which may also be in the form of flexible fabric sheets 3. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 2a, in addition to these first two fabric layers 5 and 6, which are kept at a distance from one another by flexible spacers 7, one can also be used nerste fabric web 9 are provided, which includes an air gap 8 with the inner fabric web 6. All fabric layers 1, 2, 5, 6 and 9 are made of a plastic-coated, metallized material, as shown in cross section in FIG. 3. There are a variety of possible materials for this purpose, which differ from each other in both mechanical and chemical quality, but are still all usable.

Sie bestehen grundsätzlich aus:

  • a) einem lose gewebten Material 11, z.B. aus Polyamid, Polyester oder Glas. 20 g/m2 bis 400 g/m2;
  • b) einer Kunststoffbeschichtung 12, z.B. aus Weich-PVC, Polyurethan oder Silikonkautschuk mit oder ohne feuerhemmende Zusätze, wie Antimontrioxyd 20 bis 400/m2;
  • c) einer Metallschicht 13, aus Aluminium, Zinn oder Chrom/Nickel, mit einer Dicke von 20 bis 50 nm. Diese Metallschicht wird beispielsweise durch Vakuumbedampfung auf einem Transferfilm (Polyesterfilm mit Trennschicht) hergestellt und sodann indirekt auf die Kunststoffbeschichtung dadurch aufgebracht, dass der Transferfilm auf das beschichtete Gewebe aufgebracht wird;
  • d) einer Farbschicht 14 (10 bis 20 f.lm Stärke) auf der Basis eines I R-transparenten Bindemittels, wie z.B. Copolymere des Polyäthylens oder Polytetrafluoräthylens oder Pigmente von weniger als 0,5 f.lm im Durchmesser bzw. lösliche molekulare Farbstoffe, die die optische farbige Remission im sichtbaren Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums bewirken. Grundiermittel zwischen jeder Schicht 11 bis 14 zur Verbesserung der Haftung sind in Fig. 3 nicht gezeigt.
They basically consist of:
  • a) a loosely woven material 11, for example made of polyamide, polyester or glass. 20 g / m 2 to 400 g / m2;
  • b) a plastic coating 12, for example made of soft PVC, polyurethane or silicone rubber with or without fire-retardant additives, such as antimony trioxide 20 to 400 / m 2 ;
  • c) a metal layer 13, made of aluminum, tin or chrome / nickel, with a thickness of 20 to 50 nm. This metal layer is produced, for example, by vacuum evaporation on a transfer film (polyester film with separating layer) and then applied indirectly to the plastic coating in that the Transfer film is applied to the coated fabric;
  • d) a color layer 14 (10 to 20 f.lm thickness) based on an IR transparent binder, such as copolymers of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene or pigments of less than 0.5 f.lm in diameter or soluble molecular dyes, which cause the optical colored reflectance in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Primers between each layer 11 to 14 to improve adhesion are not shown in FIG. 3.

Um die oben beschriebene Gewebelage möglichst wasserdampfdurchlässig zu machen, wird vorzugsweise als Beschichtungsmittel ein wasserdampfdurchlässiges Material, wie z.B. Polyvinylacetat, eingesetzt. Ferner wird die Gewebebahn anschliessend gewalkt oder geprägt, um mikrometerfeine Risse zu erzeugen, die die gesamte Gewebelage wasserdampfdurchlässig machen.In order to make the fabric layer described above as permeable to water vapor as possible, a water vapor permeable material, such as e.g. Polyvinyl acetate used. Furthermore, the fabric web is then tumbled or embossed in order to produce micrometer-fine cracks that make the entire fabric layer permeable to water vapor.

Aufgrund des oben beschriebenen Aufbaus haben derartige Gewebelagen eine Reflektivität für eine Strahlung im Bereich von 4 bis 25 jim Wellenlänge von über 60%.Because of the construction described above, such fabric layers have a reflectivity for radiation in the range from 4 to 25 μm in the wavelength of over 60%.

Aufgrund der Wahl der Farbschicht gemäss den obigen Angaben unter d wird erreicht, dass die Wände ein ästhetisch annehmbares Aussehen erhalten können, dass gleichzeitig jedoch durch diese sichtoptische Gestaltung keine IR-Strahlung absorbiert wird. Dadurch wird eine optimale Reflexion auf der Metallschicht 13 der Zeltwände für eine IR-Strahlung erzielt.Due to the choice of the color layer according to the above information under d it is achieved that the walls can have an aesthetically acceptable appearance, but at the same time no IR radiation is absorbed by this visual design. This results in an optimal reflection on the metal layer 13 of the tent walls for IR radiation.

Bei einer Zeltwand, die aus zwei Gewebelagen (wie in Fig. 1 und 1 a gezeigt) hergestellt ist, bilden diese beiden Lagen 1 und 2 einen Luftspalt 12', der sowohl am oberen als auch am unteren Ende offen ist. Die Breite dieses Luftspaltes 12' wird bis zu einem gewissen Mass, abhängig von seiner Höhe, durch Streifen 3, welche einen freien vertikalen Luftstrom ermöglichen, bestimmt. Die Funktion dieses Luftspaltes besteht darin, dass sowohl im Winter als auch im Sommer durch Temperaturunterschiede zwischen den äusseren und inneren Zeltwänden 1 bzw. 2 die Luft keine Wärme von der inneren zu der äusseren Gewebelage oder umgekehrt durch Konvektion oder Wärmeleitung überträgt. Diese Luft wird laufend durch einen freien laminaren Luftstrom ausgewechselt. Dieser Luftstrom wird durch den Dichtigkeitsunterschied der Luft an der inneren Zeltwand 2 und der Luft an der äusseren Zeltwand 1, die die Temperatur der Aussenluft hat, bewirkt.In a tent wall, which is made of two fabric layers (as shown in Fig. 1 and 1 a), these two layers 1 and 2 form an air gap 12 ', which is open at both the upper and lower ends. The width of this air gap 12 'is determined to a certain extent, depending on its height, by strips 3, which enable a free vertical air flow. The function of this air gap is that both in winter and in summer, due to temperature differences between the outer and inner tent walls 1 and 2, the air does not transfer heat from the inner to the outer fabric layer or vice versa by convection or heat conduction. This air is constantly exchanged by a free laminar air flow. This air flow is caused by the difference in density between the air on the inner tent wall 2 and the air on the outer tent wall 1, which has the temperature of the outside air.

Man kann nicht generell alle Parameter berechnen, welche die Bedingungen für einen laminaren Luftstrom in einem Luftspalt beschreiben, in welchem die Luft durch Dichteunterschiede zwischen der erwärmten und der kalten Luft bewegt wird. Besonders ist dies nicht für den vorliegenden Fall <möglich, in dem die Luft inhomogen aufgewärmt wird. Durch Experimente ist aber bekannt, dass Luftspalte von 10 mm Weite oder weniger in allen praktischen Fällen einen laminaren Luftstrom ergeben.It is not generally possible to calculate all parameters that describe the conditions for a laminar air flow in an air gap in which the air is moved by density differences between the heated and the cold air. This is particularly not possible in the present case <in which the air is heated up inhomogeneously. However, it is known from experiments that air gaps of 10 mm width or less result in a laminar air flow in all practical cases.

In einigen Fällen kann der Luftspalt grösser sein, dann ergeben sich grössere Werte aufgrund von Wärmeleitung. Gute Ergebnisse wurden auf experimentellem Weg gefunden bei einer Anordnung gemäss Fig. 4.In some cases, the air gap can be larger, then larger values result due to heat conduction. Good results were found experimentally with an arrangement according to FIG. 4.

Die Höhe des Luftspaltes 20, 21 ist 2 m. Am unteren Ende 20 ist der Luftspalt zwischen 50 und 100 mm breit, am oberen Ende 21 ist seine Breite ungefähr zwischen 15 und 50 mm.The height of the air gap 20, 21 is 2 m. At the lower end 20 the air gap is between 50 and 100 mm wide, at the upper end 21 its width is approximately between 15 and 50 mm.

Über das obere Ende 21 des Luftspaltes steht das Dach 22 des Zeltes in einer Länge von 200 mm vor, um das Innere des Luftspaltes vor Regen und Schnee zu schützen. Im allgemeinen liegt die Relation zwischen Breite b und Höhe h des Luftspaltes zwischen 1 : 10 und 1 : 50. Zusätzlich wird eine Wärmeübertragung durch Strahlungsaustausch verhindert, da die thermische Emissivität des metallisierten Materials wegen der hochreflektiven Metallschicht, die mit einer Farbschicht 14 bedeckt ist, die im infraroten Teil des Spektrums von 3 bis 20 µm praktisch transparent ist, um 0,1 liegt. Je höher die Reflektivität der inneren Zeltwände, desto besser ist der Isoliergrad und desto geringer die Möglichkeit der thermischen Enttarnung und Entdeckung der Zelte. Das Zwei-Lagen-Zelt verstärkt nicht wesentlich die Wärmespeicherung im Inneren des Zeltes. Seine wichtige Funktion ist, den Kontrast des Zeltes gegen seine Umgebung drastisch zu verringern, sowohl im sichtbaren Teil des Spektrums als auch im thermischen Teil, besonders in den Bereichen der üblichen Sensoren.Over the upper end 21 of the air gap, the roof 22 of the tent protrudes by a length of 200 mm in order to protect the interior of the air gap from rain and snow. In general, the relation between width b and height h of the air gap is between 1:10 and 1:50. In addition, heat transfer by radiation exchange is prevented, since the thermal emissivity of the metallized material due to the highly reflective metal layer, which is covered with a color layer 14, which is practically transparent in the infrared part of the spectrum from 3 to 20 µm, is around 0.1. The higher the reflectivity of the inner tent walls, the better the degree of insulation and the less the possibility of thermal exposure and detection of the tents. The two-layer tent does not significantly increase the heat storage inside the tent. Its important function is to drastically reduce the contrast of the tent with its surroundings, both in the visible part of the spectrum and in the thermal part, especially in the areas of the usual sensors.

Eine weitere Verbesserung, besonders im Winter, wenn die Zelte beheizt werden müssen, kann durch Verwendung einer Zeltwand, die wie in Fig. 2 aus drei Gewebelagen gemacht ist, erreicht werden. Die ersten beiden Lagen 5 und 6 zusammen mit 7 bilden einen offenen Luftspalt 12' wie im ersten Fall. Die dritte Lage 9 bildet einen weiteren Luftspalt 8, der zwischen 30 und 100 mm Breite hat und durch Streifen 11 aufrechterhalten wird, die senkrecht zu den Streifen 7 im ersten Luftspalt verlaufen. Weiter ist dieser Luftspalt 8 vollständig nach allen Seiten versiegelt einschliesslich einer Öffnung zum Aufblasen. Die Funktion des zweiten Luftspaltes 8 besteht darin, ein wärmeisolierendes Luftpolster zu bilden. Die Gewebestreifen 11 verlaufen horizontal, um die eingeschlossene Luft an der Zirkulation zu hindern; dadurch wird der thermische Widerstand dieses Luftspaltes verbessert. Wie im ersten Fall ist das metallisierte Material auf der Innenseite mit einer 1 R-transparenten (im Bereich von 3 bis 20 µm) Farbe überzogen. Nur die Aussenseite der äussersten Gewebelage 5 ist mit einer bekannten Tarnfarbe bedeckt, die über einen grossen Spektralbereich (UV bis FIR) wirksam ist. Das Zeltdach oder (-himmel) 4 bzw. 10 ist ähnlich wie die vertikalen Wände aufgebaut. Eine Drei-Lagen-Zusammensetzung für das Dach kann ebenfalls mit einer Zwei-Lagen-Zusammensetzung für die Seitenwände kombiniert werden, je nach der Art des Zeltes. Normalerweise ist das kunststoffbeschichtete metallisierte Material sowohl für elektromagnetische Strahlung als auch für Luft und Wasserdampf undurchlässig. Aus diesem Grund sollte das Zelt einstellbare Öffnungen zum Einlassen von Frischluft, Ablassen verbrauchter Luft und überschüssiger Feuchtigkeit aufweisen. Wasserdampfdurchlässige Wände können wie oben beschrieben hergestellt werden. Die Klimatisierung im Zelt kann auch durch Ausnützung der Luftströmung zwischen der äussersten und nächstinnenliegenden Gewebelage verbessert werden.A further improvement, especially in winter, when the tents have to be heated, can be achieved by using a tent wall, which is made of three fabric layers, as in FIG. 2. The first two layers 5 and 6 together with 7 form an open air gap 12 'as in the first case. The third layer 9 forms a further air gap 8, which has a width between 30 and 100 mm and is maintained by strips 11, which run perpendicular to the strips 7 in the first air gap. Furthermore, this air gap 8 is completely sealed on all sides, including one Inflation opening. The function of the second air gap 8 is to form a heat-insulating air cushion. The fabric strips 11 run horizontally to prevent the trapped air from circulating; this improves the thermal resistance of this air gap. As in the first case, the metallized material is coated on the inside with a 1R transparent (in the range from 3 to 20 µm) color. Only the outside of the outermost fabric layer 5 is covered with a known camouflage color, which is effective over a large spectral range (UV to FIR). The tent roof or (sky) 4 or 10 is constructed similar to the vertical walls. A three-layer composition for the roof can also be combined with a two-layer composition for the side walls, depending on the type of tent. Typically, the plastic-coated metallized material is opaque to both electromagnetic radiation and air and water vapor. For this reason, the tent should have adjustable openings for fresh air intake, exhausted used air and excess moisture. Water vapor permeable walls can be made as described above. The air conditioning in the tent can also be improved by utilizing the air flow between the outermost and closest inner fabric layer.

Claims (10)

1. A tent for civil and military use, the wall and roof portions of which consist of a metallized (13) material, particularly a metallized (13) textile fabric (11) coated with plastics material (12), characterised in that the wall and roof portions are provided outside and/or inside with a visual- optical paint (14) which is substantially transmissive to radiation in the IR spectral range from 3 to 20 µm wavelength.
2. A tent as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that camouflage paints are applied to the outside of the tent.
3. A tent as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall and/or roof portions consist of an outer and an inner layer of material (1 and 2), characterised in that air gaps (12'), which have a width of about
Figure imgb0002
o of their height, are provided between the outer and the inner layer of material (1 and 2).
4. A tent as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the inside of the outer layer of material (1, 5), and the inside and outside of the inner layer of material (2, 6, 9) are provided with the visual- optical paint (14).
5. A tent as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the air gaps (12') are so constructed that they comprise a lower air inlet (20) and an upper air outlet (21 ), and that the upper air outlet is covered towards the top.
6. A tent as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the textile fabric consists of a polyamide, polyester or glass-fibre basic fabric (11), that the plastics coating (12) consists of soft PVC, polyurethane or silicone rubber and that the metallizing (13) is produced by deposition of a layer of aluminium, tin or chrome/nickel (13) under vacuum on the plastics coating (12), directly or on a transfer foil with subsequent transfer to the plastics coating (12).
7. A tent as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the metallizing (13) has a thickness between 20 and 50 nm and a protective layer of lacquer about 10 µrn thick is applied thereto.
8. A tent as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in thatthe paint (14) is applied to the metallizing (13) of the protective layer of lacquer and is based on a binder which is a copolymer of polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene and which is mixed with pigments which, in the case of a camouflage paint, supply the reflectance intended for a camouflage paint in the visible part of the spectral range.
9. A tent as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that, in order to achieve a permeability of the wall or roof portions to water vapour, the metallizing (13) is provided with microfine cracks by pressing or stamping, and that coating agents which are permeable to water vapour, preferably polyvinylacetate, are applied.
10. A tent as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that, in addition, an innermost layer of material (9) is provided which, with the adjacent layer of material (6), forms a closed air gap (8) in the form of an air cushion, that provided between these layers of material (6, 9) are spacers (11) which extend horizontally and which suppress a movement of air in the interior of the closed air gap (8), and that the innermost layer of material (9) is provided, at its side adjacent to the interior of the tent, with a coat of paint which is substantially transparent to radiation in the IR spectral range of 3 to 20 pm wavelength.
EP80103030A 1979-05-31 1980-05-30 Tent for civil and military use Expired EP0021119B1 (en)

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AT80103030T ATE3362T1 (en) 1979-05-31 1980-05-30 TENT FOR CIVIL AND MILITARY USE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US06/044,010 US4308882A (en) 1979-05-31 1979-05-31 Tents for military use and providing protection against modern sight and IR-optical search methods
US44010 1993-04-08

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EP0021119A3 EP0021119A3 (en) 1981-02-04
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0021119A3 (en) 1981-02-04
DE3063286D1 (en) 1983-07-07
US4308882A (en) 1982-01-05
EP0021119A2 (en) 1981-01-07
ATE3362T1 (en) 1983-06-15

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