EP0020674A1 - Smoke detector operating with scattered radiation. - Google Patents

Smoke detector operating with scattered radiation.

Info

Publication number
EP0020674A1
EP0020674A1 EP80900014A EP80900014A EP0020674A1 EP 0020674 A1 EP0020674 A1 EP 0020674A1 EP 80900014 A EP80900014 A EP 80900014A EP 80900014 A EP80900014 A EP 80900014A EP 0020674 A1 EP0020674 A1 EP 0020674A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
smoke detector
detector according
webs
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80900014A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0020674B1 (en
Inventor
Zoltan Horvath
Jurg Muggli
Hans Ackermann
Erwin Tresch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH1300178A external-priority patent/CH634429A5/en
Priority claimed from CH1300078A external-priority patent/CH634428A5/en
Priority to AT80900014T priority Critical patent/ATE3597T1/en
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0020674A1 publication Critical patent/EP0020674A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0020674B1 publication Critical patent/EP0020674B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector with a radiation source, which emits radiation in a cone-shaped radiation area, and a radiation receiver, which is arranged outside the direct radiation area in the cone axis and which receives radiation scattered on particles in the radiation area .
  • a smoke detector with a radiation source, which emits radiation in a cone-shaped radiation area, and a radiation receiver, which is arranged outside the direct radiation area in the cone axis and which receives radiation scattered on particles in the radiation area .
  • smoke detectors are used for fire prevention, for example.
  • the rotationally symmetrical smoke detector shown is enclosed by a housing 1 which has openings 0 for the entry of air into the interior of the detector.
  • a carrier part 2 is provided in the interior of the housing 1, its upper part projecting beyond the housing 1 for mechanical African fastening and for the electrical connection of the smoke detector to a base (not shown) is formed.
  • a holding part 3 is inserted, in which the radiation source is inserted.
  • This radiation source consists of a base part 4, which carries a diode 5 emitting light or infrared radiation centrally.
  • a diode 5 emitting light or infrared radiation centrally.
  • an optical system 6 the optically effective surfaces of which are designed in such a way that the radiation emitted by the diode 5 has a cone-shaped characteristic, so that essentially only radiation in a cone-shaped radiation region C is present, but almost none Radiation in the direction of the cone axis A.
  • the residual radiation remaining in the axial direction is additionally shielded by a diaphragm part 7 with a radiation-absorbing surface.
  • the radiation receiver R is arranged in the cone axis A in such a way that its radiation-receiving surface faces upwards, i.e. is directed in the direction of the radiation source, so that forward scattered radiation, which is caused by smoke particles in the cone-shaped radiation region C, strikes this radiation receiver R.
  • the radiation receiver is held in parts 8 and 10 in the correct position and at the correct distance from the radiation source.
  • the radiation area C is closed off by a radiation-absorbing part 10.
  • This Part has a number of concentric ridges on S, which have circular cross-sections and wel ⁇ che roatationssymmetrisch around the cone axis A are arranged 'and surround the radiation receiver A.
  • This part 10 is mounted and positioned in the detector such that the upper edges of the webs S are arranged below the plane E of the radiation-receiving surface of the radiation receiver R, that is to say facing away from this surface.
  • the inner surfaces of the webs S represent cylindrical surfaces around the cone axes, while the outward-facing surfaces of the webs, at least in the upper part, are slightly conical with an acute angle to the cone axis.
  • the opening angle is matched to the opening angle of the cone shell of the radiation area, and the angle of inclination of the outer surfaces of the webs S against the cone axis A is expediently chosen to be somewhat smaller than the opening angle of the cone-shaped radiation area. It is hereby achieved that the direct radiation emanating from the radiation source strikes only the vertical inner surfaces of the webs S, but not the inclined outer surfaces.
  • the advantage of this measure is that dust can hardly settle on the vertical inner surfaces. The effect is enhanced when the spaces Z between the webs S are at least predominantly open, so that dust that has entered the detector sinks further down and does not settle at all in the area of the webs S.
  • the open spaces between the webs S are also located relative to the openings such that no straight path from the openings 0 leads through these spaces into the interior of the detector, but smoke-containing air has another possibility of quickly entering the detector. To get inside and into the radiation area S or to get out again. This ensures an optimal flow through the smoke detector and ensures a quick alarm when smoke appears in the air.
  • the radiation area is delimited by a diaphragm system 7, which consists of several circular diaphragm disks B, .B * ....
  • a projection is provided on the optics 6, on which the diaphragm system 7 can be placed.
  • the diameter and the Mutual position of the individual diaphragm disks B, B 'relative to one another is now selected such that one of the front diaphragms, that is to say facing the radiation source, in example B, acts as an inner boundary of the radiation area C, that is to say furthest in the Radiation area protrudes.
  • a further diaphragm B 'facing the radiation receiver is designed in such a way that the direct emanating from the edge of the diaphragm B
  • Interference radiation is completely shielded * by the radiation receiver R.
  • the radiation area, C is delimited on the outside by a diaphragm K.
  • the diameter of the latter is also selected and arranged relative to the further shielding diaphragm B 'in such a way that the direct interference radiation emanating from the inner edge of this diaphragm K is also completely shielded by the radiation receiver R through the diaphragm B'.
  • the measures described first of all ensure that all parts which limit the radiation region C, to which direct radiation impinges, cannot direct first-order scatter radiation caused by scattering the direct radiation onto the radiation receiver R. All elements which limit the radiation area C, that is to say the parts K, B and S in the example shown, are therefore outside the direct reception area of the radiation receiver R.
  • those parts of the smoke detector which surround the radiation area C and which th reception area of the radiation receiver R are radiation-absorbing.
  • corresponding parts can be provided with ribs X, on which there is multiple reflection on reefing interference radiation and therefore only very weak secondary interference radiation is produced, which could influence the radiation receiver R.
  • These ribs can advantageously be provided with acute-angled edges with an angle of inclination between 20 and 70, for example 45, as a result of which sufficient radiation absorption is brought about.
  • the level of interference radiation can be considerably reduced and the sensitivity of the smoke detector can be increased even further.
  • Especially early alarm transmission is ensured by even very low smoke density and a ⁇ operational reliability over longer periods of time when used as fire alarm, even if die ⁇ se smoke detectors are used under unfavorable environmentssbedingun'gen and exposed to a slow dustiness are.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Detecteur de fumee specialement concu pour alarme incendie avec une source de rayonnement (5) ayant un diagramme de rayonnement de forme conique et un recepteur de rayonnement (R) situe sur l'axe mais hors portee du rayonnement direct qui capte le rayonnement diffuse dans une zone annulaire conique (C). Pour limiter la lumiere parasite tombant sur le recepteur, la zone de rayonnement (C) est delimitee par des elements situees en dehors de la zone de captation directe du recepteur par exemple, dans la direction du rayonnement, par des pieces (5) situees derriere la surface de captage et lateralement par des ecrans (B, K) dont les aretes sont masquees par un autre ecran (B'), du recepteur de rayonnement.Smoke detector specially designed for fire alarm with a radiation source (5) having a conical radiation pattern and a radiation receptor (R) located on the axis but out of range of direct radiation which captures the diffuse radiation in a conical annular zone (C). To limit the stray light falling on the receiver, the radiation area (C) is delimited by elements located outside the direct reception area of the receiver for example, in the direction of the radiation, by pieces (5) located behind the collection surface and laterally by screens (B, K) whose edges are masked by another screen (B '), from the radiation receiver.

Description

RauchdetektorSmoke detector
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rauchdetektor mit einer Strah¬ lungsquelle, welche Strahlung in einen kegelringförmig ausgebildeten Strahlungsbereich aussendet, und einem Strah- lungsempfänger, der ausserhalb des direkten Strahlungs¬ bereiches in der Kegelachse angeordnet ist, und der an Partikeln im Strahlungsbereich gestreute Strahlung er¬ hält. Solche Rauchdetektoren werden beispielsweise zur Brand- meidung verwendet.The invention relates to a smoke detector with a radiation source, which emits radiation in a cone-shaped radiation area, and a radiation receiver, which is arranged outside the direct radiation area in the cone axis and which receives radiation scattered on particles in the radiation area . Such smoke detectors are used for fire prevention, for example.
Zugrunde liegender Stand der TechnikUnderlying state of the art
Ein wichtiges Problem bei solchen Rauchdetektoren besteht darin, die Bestrahlung des Strahlungsempfängers ohne Anwe¬ senheit von Rauch im Strahlungsbereich möglichst klein zu halten, so dass bereits die geringste, durch Rauchpartikel im Streustrahlungsbereich hervorgerufene Streustrahlung ein Signal am Ausgang des Strahlungsempfängers hervorruft. Ein solcher Rauchdetektor würde bereits auf geringste Rauchkonzentrationen ansprechen und die Anwesenheit von Rauch mit erhöhter Empfindlichkeit signalisieren.An important problem with such smoke detectors is to keep the radiation of the radiation receiver as small as possible without the presence of smoke in the radiation area, so that even the smallest scatter radiation caused by smoke particles in the scattered radiation area causes a signal at the output of the radiation receiver. Such a smoke detector would respond to even the smallest smoke concentrations and signal the presence of smoke with increased sensitivity.
In der Praxis ist jedoch stets ein gewisses Störstrahlungs¬ niveau vorhanden, durch welches die Erreichung dieses Zie¬ les verhindert wird. Es ist daher bekannt geworden, die von aussen in einem Rauchdetektor durch die Gehäuseöff¬ nungen eindringende Störstrahlung durch Schikanen an den Lufteintrittsöffnungen fernzuhalten und somit das Stör¬ strahlungsniveau herabzusetzen, wobei jedoch auch der Lufteintritt verlangsamt wird. Eine weitere bekannte Mass- nähme besteht darin, die Strahlungsquelle zu modulieren und den Strahlungsempfänger darauf abzustimmen, so dass dieser vorzugweise nur für Strahlung empfindlich ist, de¬ ren Modulation derjenigen der Strahlungsquelle gleicht (CH 491 449 und CH 417 405) .In practice, however, there is always a certain level of interference radiation which prevents the achievement of this goal. It has therefore become known to keep the interference radiation penetrating from the outside in a smoke detector through the housing openings by means of baffles at the air inlet openings and thus to reduce the interference radiation level, although the air inlet is also slowed down. Another known measure consists in modulating the radiation source and adapting the radiation receiver so that it is preferably only sensitive to radiation whose modulation is similar to that of the radiation source (CH 491 449 and CH 417 405).
-BU REIIT-BU REIIT
OMPI Auf die genannte Weise kann jedoch nicht verhindert wer¬ den, dass von der Strahlungsquelle ausgehende, an der Ge¬ häuseinnenwand gestreute Strahlung ebenfalls als Störstrah lung auf den Strahlungsempfänger trifft. Eine solche Stör- Strahlung wird vom Empfänger .in gleicher Weise wie echte, an Rauchpartikeln im Strahlungsbereich gestreute Strah¬ lung verarbeitet, da sie genau die gleiche Modulation auf¬ weist. Zur Verminderung dieser Art von Störstrahlung ist es bekannt geworden, die Gehäuseinnenseite des Rauchdetek- tors weitgehend, jedoch zumindest an den Auftreffstellen der direkten Strahlung im Strahlungsbereich strahlungsab- sorbierend auszubilden, beispielsweise matt-schwarz auszu¬ führen, mit Rippen zu versehen oder als Strahlungsfalle auszubilden. (US 3 185 975) - -OMPI In the manner mentioned, however, it cannot be prevented that radiation emanating from the radiation source and scattered on the inner wall of the housing also strikes the radiation receiver as interference radiation. Such interference radiation is processed by the receiver in the same way as real radiation scattered by smoke particles in the radiation area, since it has exactly the same modulation. To reduce this type of interference radiation, it has become known to design the inside of the smoke detector largely, but at least at the points of impact of the direct radiation in the radiation area, for example to make it matt black, to provide it with ribs or to form it as a radiation trap . (US 3 185 975) - -
Nachteilig hierbei ist es, dass sich auf den• strahlungs- absorbierenden Elementen, z.B. auf den matt-schwarzen Flächen oder den Kanten der aufgesetzten Rippen im Laufe der Zeit Staub-niederschlägt, welcher das Reflexionsver— mögen erhöht und die strahlungsabsorbierende Wirkung wieder aufhebt. Solche vorbekannte Rauchdetektoren werden also im Laufe der Zeit mit zunehmender Verstaubung der Gehäuse¬ innenseite störanfällig. Offenbarung der Erfindung Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Vermeidung der erwähnten Nachteile vorbekannter Rauchdetektoren einen solchen zu schaffen, der eine geringere Störstrahlungsem¬ pfindlichkeit besitzt und der eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeit aufweist, welche auch über längere Zeiträume und bei zu- nehmender Verstaubung erhalten bleibt und welcher demge- mäss über längere Zeiträume betriebssicher ohne die Not¬ wendigkeit einer Reinigung arbeitet, und in den rauchhal- tige Luft trotzdem schnell eindringen kann. Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem erfindungsgemässen Rauchdetek¬ tor dadurch gelöst, dass der kegelringförmige Strahlungsbe¬ reich durch.Elemente begrenzt wird, welche ausserhalb des direkten Empfangsbereiches des Strahlungsempfängers ange- ordnet sind.The disadvantage here is that • over time, dust settles on the radiation-absorbing elements, eg on the matt black surfaces or the edges of the attached ribs, which increases the reflective power and cancels the radiation-absorbing effect. Such previously known smoke detectors are therefore susceptible to failure over time with increasing dustiness on the inside of the housing. Disclosure of the invention It is the object of the invention, while avoiding the disadvantages of previously known smoke detectors, to provide one which has a lower sensitivity to interference radiation and which has an increased sensitivity, which is retained even over longer periods of time and with increasing dustiness, and which accordingly works reliably over a longer period of time without the need for cleaning, and can nevertheless quickly penetrate into the smoky air. In a smoke detector according to the invention, this object is achieved in that the cone-shaped radiation area is limited by elements which are arranged outside the direct reception area of the radiation receiver.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung ergibt sich dann, wenn die direkt bestrahlten Elemente als zur Kegel«-- achse konzentrische Stege ausgebildet und hinter den strah- lungsempfindlichen Oberseite des Strahlungsempfängers ange¬ ordnet sind. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die von diesen aus¬ gehende Streustrahlung erst nach mehrfacher ümlenkung und entsprechender Schwächung auf den Strahlungsempfänger auf¬ treffen kann. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, die Stege so auszu- . bilden, dass dere Innenflächen nahezu parallel zur Kegel¬ achse, also vertikal ausgebildet sind, und zwar mit einem Winkel, welcher kleiner ist als der Strahlungskegelwinkel. Damit wird erreicht, dass die direkte Strahlung nur auf ver¬ tikale Flächen fällt, auf welche sich Staub nicht oder nur in geringerem Masse absetzen kann. Die Wirkung einer langsa¬ men Verstaubung auf das Störstrahlungsniveau wird hier¬ durch noch weiter herabgesetzt.An advantageous further development of the invention results if the directly irradiated elements as to the cone "- formed axially concentric ridges and ange¬ behind the radiation-sensitive upper side of the radiation receiver are arranged. This ensures that the can hit auf¬ of this going from ¬ scattered radiation only after several ümlenkung and corresponding weakening of the radiation receiver. It is advantageous to remove the webs in this way. form that particular inner surfaces almost parallel to the cone axis ¬, are thus formed vertically, with an angle which is smaller than the cone angle of radiation. This ensures that the direct radiation falls only on ver ¬ Tikale surfaces on which dust can settle or only to a lesser extent. The effect of a dying slowly ¬ men dusting the Störstrahlungsniveau is hier¬ reduced by even further.
Weiterhin ist es zweckmässig, den Strahlungsbereich durch äussere und innere Blenden zu begrenzen, welche so angeord¬ net sind, dass deren bestrahlte Kanten durch eine weitere Blende vom zentralen Strahlungsempfänger abgeschirmt sind. Damit wird erreicht,dass die Streustrahlung von diesen Kan¬ ten nicht direkt auf den Strahlungsempfänger gelangen kann. Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungFurthermore, it is practical to limit the radiation range by outer and inner diaphragms which are so angeord ¬ net that their edges are irradiated shielded by a further diaphragm by the central radiation receiver. This ensures that the scattered radiation from these edges cannot reach the radiation receiver directly. Brief description of the drawing
In der Figur ist im Schnitt ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbei- spiel eines erfindungsgemässen Rauchdetektors wiedergegeben. Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungIn the figure, a preferred exemplary embodiment of a smoke detector according to the invention is shown in section. Best way to carry out the invention
Der dargestellte, rotationssymmetrische Rauchdetektor wird von einem Gehäuse 1 umschlossen, welches Oeffnungen 0 zum Eintritt von Luft in das Detektorinnere aufweist. Im Inne¬ ren des Gehäuses 1 ist ein Trägerteil 2 vorgesehen, des¬ sen über das Gehäuse 1 hinausragender Oberteil zur mecha- nischen Befestigung und zum elektrischen Anschluss des Rauchdetektors an einen nicht dargestellten Sockel ausge¬ bildet ist. -The rotationally symmetrical smoke detector shown is enclosed by a housing 1 which has openings 0 for the entry of air into the interior of the detector. A carrier part 2 is provided in the interior of the housing 1, its upper part projecting beyond the housing 1 for mechanical African fastening and for the electrical connection of the smoke detector to a base (not shown) is formed. -
In einer zentralen Bohrung dieses Trägerteiles 2 ist ein Halterungsteil 3 eingesetzt, in welches die Strahlungs¬ quelle eingesetzt ist.In a central bore of this carrier part 2, a holding part 3 is inserted, in which the radiation source is inserted.
Diese Strahlungsquelle besteht aus einem Basisteil 4, wel— ches zentral eine Licht- oder Infrarotstrahlung emittie¬ rende Diode 5 trägt. In Strahlungsrichtung, d.h. unterhalb dieser Diode 5 ist eine Optik 6 angesetzt, deren optisch wirksame Flächen so ausgebildet sind, dass die von der Diode 5 emittierte Strahlung eine kegelringförmige Charak- teristik erhält, so dass im wesentlichen nur Strahlung in einem kegelringförmigen Strahlungsbereich C vorhanden ist, dagegen nahezu keine Strahlung in Richtung der Kegelachse A.This radiation source consists of a base part 4, which carries a diode 5 emitting light or infrared radiation centrally. In the direction of radiation, i.e. Below this diode 5 there is an optical system 6, the optically effective surfaces of which are designed in such a way that the radiation emitted by the diode 5 has a cone-shaped characteristic, so that essentially only radiation in a cone-shaped radiation region C is present, but almost none Radiation in the direction of the cone axis A.
Die in Achsenrichtung verbleibende Reststrahlung wird zu¬ sätzlichdurch ein Blendenteil 7 mit strahlurigsabsorbieren- der Oberfläche abgeschirmt. Unterhalb der Strahlungsquelle und des Blendenteiles ist in der Kegelachse A der Strah¬ lungsempfänger R so angeordnet, dass seine strahlungsempfa gende Fläche nach oben, d.h. in Richtung zur Strahlungs¬ quelle gerichtet ist, so dass vorwärts gestreute Streu¬ strahlung, welche durch Rauchpartikel im kegelringfδrmigen Strahlungsbereich C verursacht wird, auf diesen Strahlungs empfänger R trifft. Der Strahlungsempfänger wird durch die Teile 8 und 10 in der richtigen Position und in richtigem Abstand zur Strahlungsquelle gehalten.The residual radiation remaining in the axial direction is additionally shielded by a diaphragm part 7 with a radiation-absorbing surface. Below the radiation source and the diaphragm part, the radiation receiver R is arranged in the cone axis A in such a way that its radiation-receiving surface faces upwards, i.e. is directed in the direction of the radiation source, so that forward scattered radiation, which is caused by smoke particles in the cone-shaped radiation region C, strikes this radiation receiver R. The radiation receiver is held in parts 8 and 10 in the correct position and at the correct distance from the radiation source.
In Strahlungsrichtung ist der Strahlungsbereich C durch ein strahlungsauffangendes Teil 10 abgeschlossen. Dieses Teil weist eine Anzahl von konzentrischen Stegen S auf, welche kreisringförmige Querschnitte aufweisen und wel¬ che roatationssymmetrisch um die Kegelachse A angeordnet' sind und den Strahlungsempfänger A umschliessen. Dieses Teil 10 ist so im Detektor angebracht und positioniert, dass die Oberkanten der Stege S unter der Ebene E der Strahlungsempfangenden Fläche des Strahlungsempfängers R angeordnet sind, also dieser Fläche abgewandt. Mit die¬ ser Massnahme wird erreicht, dass die auf die Oberkanten der Stege S auftreffende Direktstrahlung zwar in gewissem Masse dort gestreut wird, diese Streustrahlung ersten Gra¬ des kann jedoch bei der angegebenen Lage der einzelnen Teile .zueinander nicht direkt auf die. strahlungsempfaπgen- de Fläche des Strahlungsempfängers R auftreffen, sondern erst die mehrfach gestreute Strahlung, welche dann eine wesentlich schwächere Intensität aufweist,--In the radiation direction, the radiation area C is closed off by a radiation-absorbing part 10. This Part has a number of concentric ridges on S, which have circular cross-sections and wel¬ che roatationssymmetrisch around the cone axis A are arranged 'and surround the radiation receiver A. This part 10 is mounted and positioned in the detector such that the upper edges of the webs S are arranged below the plane E of the radiation-receiving surface of the radiation receiver R, that is to say facing away from this surface. With this measure it is achieved that the direct radiation impinging on the upper edges of the webs S is scattered there to a certain extent, but this scattered radiation of the first degree cannot directly affect one another given the position of the individual parts. radiation-receiving surface of the radiation receiver R, but only the multiply scattered radiation, which then has a much weaker intensity,
Die Innenflächender Stege S stellen in diesem Beispiel Zylinderflächen um die Kegelachsen dar, während die nach aussen gerichteten Flächen der Stege zumindest im oberen Teil leicht konisch mit spitzem Winkel zur Kegelachse aus¬ geführt sind. Der Oeffnungswinkel ist dabei auf den Oeff- nungswinkel des Kegelmantels des Strahlungsbereiches ab¬ gestimmt, und zwar wird der Neigungswinkel der Aussenflä- chen der Stege S gegen Kegelachse A zweckmässigerweise etwas kleiner gewählt als der Oeffnungswinkel des kegel¬ ringförmigen Strahlungsbereiches. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass die von der Strahlungsquelle ausgehende direkte Strahlung nur auf die vertikalen- Innenflächen der Stege S auftrifft, jedoch nicht auf die geneigten Aussenflächen. Der Vorteil dieser Massnahme ist, dass sich auf den verti¬ kalen Innenflächen Staub nahezu nicht absetzen kann. Ver¬ stärkt wird die Wirkung dann, wenn die Zwischenräume Z zwischen den Stegen S zumindest überwiegend offen sind, so dass in den Detektor eingedrungener Staub weiter nach unten sinkt und sich überhaupt nicht im Bereich der Ste¬ ge S absetzt.In this example, the inner surfaces of the webs S represent cylindrical surfaces around the cone axes, while the outward-facing surfaces of the webs, at least in the upper part, are slightly conical with an acute angle to the cone axis. The opening angle is matched to the opening angle of the cone shell of the radiation area, and the angle of inclination of the outer surfaces of the webs S against the cone axis A is expediently chosen to be somewhat smaller than the opening angle of the cone-shaped radiation area. It is hereby achieved that the direct radiation emanating from the radiation source strikes only the vertical inner surfaces of the webs S, but not the inclined outer surfaces. The advantage of this measure is that dust can hardly settle on the vertical inner surfaces. The effect is enhanced when the spaces Z between the webs S are at least predominantly open, so that dust that has entered the detector sinks further down and does not settle at all in the area of the webs S.
Um zusätzlich ein schnelles Eindringen rauchhaltiger Luft in das Detektor-Innere zu ermöglichen, ohne den Zutritt von Störlicht von aussen zu gestatten, ist es zweck ässig, den Aussenrand des Strahlungsauffang-Teiles 10 so zu ge¬ stalten und die Oeffnungen O seitlich am Gehäuse 1 so an- zubringen, dass diese vom Rand des Teiles 10 überdeckt werden. Das obere Ende des Randes greift dabei in einen Zwischenraum zwischen Gehäuse 1 und einem Steg 11 auf dem Distanzring 8 ein, so dass kein geradliniger Pfad von den Oeffnungen O in das Detektor-Innere führt, also Licht von aussen nicht direkt eintreten kann, dass jedoch einströ¬ mende Luft nur um etwa 90 umgelenkt wird,--.also deren Ein— dringen nur wenig behindert wird. Dabei liegen die offenen Zwischenräume zwischen den Stegen S relativ zu den Oeff¬ nungen ebenfalls so, dass auch kein geradliniger Pfad von den Oeffnungen 0 durch diese Zwischenräume in das Detektor Innere führt, rauchhaltige Luft jedoch eine weitere Möglic keit hat, schnell in das Detektor-Innere und in den Strah¬ lungsbereich S zu gelangen oder wieder hinauszugelangen. Damit wird eine optimale Durchströmung des Rauchdetektors erreicht und eine schnelle Alarmgabe bei Auftreten von Rauch in der Luft gewährleistet.In order to allow a rapid penetration of smoke-containing air into the inside of the detector without allowing outside light to enter, it is expedient to design the outer edge of the radiation-absorbing part 10 and to open the openings O on the side of the housing 1 to be attached so that they are covered by the edge of part 10. The upper end of the edge engages in a space between the housing 1 and a web 11 on the spacer ring 8, so that no straight path leads from the openings O into the inside of the detector, i.e. light from the outside cannot enter directly, however Incoming air is deflected by only about 90, so its penetration is only slightly impeded. The open spaces between the webs S are also located relative to the openings such that no straight path from the openings 0 leads through these spaces into the interior of the detector, but smoke-containing air has another possibility of quickly entering the detector. To get inside and into the radiation area S or to get out again. This ensures an optimal flow through the smoke detector and ensures a quick alarm when smoke appears in the air.
Auf der Innenseite des Kegelringes C wird der Strahlungs¬ bereich durch ein Blendensystem 7 begrenzt, welches aus mehreren kreisförmigen Blendenscheiben B,.B* ... besteht. Um das Blendensystem 7 gegenüber der Strahlungsquelle 5 in die richtige Position bringen zu können, ist an der Optik 6 ein Vorsprung vorgesehen., auf welchen das Blenden¬ system 7 aufgesetzt werden kann. Der Durchmesser und die gegenseitige Lage der einzelnen Blendenscheiben B, B' zueinander ist nun so gewählt, dass eine der vorderen, al¬ so der Strahlungsquelle zugewandten Blenden, im dargestell¬ ten Beispiel B, als innere Begrenzung des Strahlungsberei- ches C wirkt, d.h. am weitesten in den Strahlungsbereich hineinragt. Um zu verhindern, dass die an der Kante die¬ ser Blendenscheibe B gestreute Störstrahlung auf den Strahlungsempfänger R auftrifft, ist eine weitere, dem Strahlungsempfänger zugewandte Blende B' so gestaltet, dass die von der Kante der Blende B ausgehende direkteOn the inside of the cone ring C, the radiation area is delimited by a diaphragm system 7, which consists of several circular diaphragm disks B, .B * .... In order to be able to bring the diaphragm system 7 into the correct position with respect to the radiation source 5, a projection is provided on the optics 6, on which the diaphragm system 7 can be placed. The diameter and the Mutual position of the individual diaphragm disks B, B 'relative to one another is now selected such that one of the front diaphragms, that is to say facing the radiation source, in example B, acts as an inner boundary of the radiation area C, that is to say furthest in the Radiation area protrudes. In order to prevent the interference radiation scattered at the edge of this diaphragm disk B from striking the radiation receiver R, a further diaphragm B 'facing the radiation receiver is designed in such a way that the direct emanating from the edge of the diaphragm B
Störstrahlung vollständig vom Strahlungsempfänger R abge- * schirmt ist.Interference radiation is completely shielded * by the radiation receiver R.
An der Aussenseite wird der Strahlungsbereich, C durch ei- ne Blende K begrenzt. Diese ist ebenfalls in ihrem Durch¬ messer so gewählt und gegenüber der weiteren Abschirm- blende B' so angeordnet, dass auch die von der Innenkante dieser Blende K ausgehende direkte Störstrahlung vollstän¬ dig durch die Blende B' vom Strahlungsempfänger R abge- schirmt ist.The radiation area, C is delimited on the outside by a diaphragm K. The diameter of the latter is also selected and arranged relative to the further shielding diaphragm B 'in such a way that the direct interference radiation emanating from the inner edge of this diaphragm K is also completely shielded by the radiation receiver R through the diaphragm B'.
Durch die beschriebenen Massnahmen wird zunächst erreicht, dass sämtliche Teile, welche den Strahlungsbereich C be¬ grenzen, auf welche also direkte Strahlung auftrifft, kei- ne durch Streuungder direkten Strahlung hervorgerufene Streustrahlung ersten Grades auf den Strahlungsempfänger R richten können. Sämtliche Elemente, welche den Strah¬ lungsbereich C begrenzen, im dargestellten Beispiel also die Teile K, B und S- liegen also ausserhalb des direkten Empfangsbereiches des Strahlungsempfängers R.The measures described first of all ensure that all parts which limit the radiation region C, to which direct radiation impinges, cannot direct first-order scatter radiation caused by scattering the direct radiation onto the radiation receiver R. All elements which limit the radiation area C, that is to say the parts K, B and S in the example shown, are therefore outside the direct reception area of the radiation receiver R.
Um das Störstrahlungsniveauweiter zu vermindern, ist es zweckmässig, diejenigen Teile des Rauchdetektors, welche den Strahlungsbereich C umschliessen und welche im direk- ten Empfangsbereich des Strahlungsempfängers R liegen, strahlungsabsorbierend auszubilden. Beispielsweise können entsprechende Teile mit Rippen X versehen sein, an wel¬ chen eine mehrfache Reflexion auf reffender Störstrahlung erfolgt und daher nur eine sehr schwache sekundäre Stör¬ strahlung hervorgerufen wird, welche den Strahlungsempfän¬ ger R beeinflussen könnte. Diese Rippen können mit Vor¬ teil mit spitzwinkligen Kanten mit einem Neigungswinkel zwischen 20 und 70 , z.B. 45 versehen sein, wodurch eine hinreichende Strahlungsabsorbtion bewirkt wird. Gewerbliche VerwertbarkeitIn order to further reduce the interference radiation level, it is expedient to use those parts of the smoke detector which surround the radiation area C and which th reception area of the radiation receiver R are radiation-absorbing. For example, corresponding parts can be provided with ribs X, on which there is multiple reflection on reefing interference radiation and therefore only very weak secondary interference radiation is produced, which could influence the radiation receiver R. These ribs can advantageously be provided with acute-angled edges with an angle of inclination between 20 and 70, for example 45, as a result of which sufficient radiation absorption is brought about. Commercial usability
Auf diese Weise kann das Störstrahlungεniveau erheblich herabgesetzt und die Empfindlichkeit des Rauchdetektors noch mehr vergrössert werden. Speziell bei der Verwendung als Brandmelder ist dadurch eine frühzeitige Alarmgabe schon bei geringster Rauchdichte und eine^Betriebssicher- heit über längere Zeiträume gewährleistet, auch wenn die¬ se Rauchdetektoren unter ungünstigen Umgebungsbedingun'gen verwendet werden und einer langsamen Verstaubung ausge- setzt sind. In this way, the level of interference radiation can be considerably reduced and the sensitivity of the smoke detector can be increased even further. Especially early alarm transmission is ensured by even very low smoke density and a ^ operational reliability over longer periods of time when used as fire alarm, even if die¬ se smoke detectors are used under unfavorable Umgebungsbedingun'gen and exposed to a slow dustiness are.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1.Rauchdetektor mit einer Strahlungsquelle, welche Strah¬ lung in einen kegelringförmig ausgebildeten Strahlungs¬ bereich aussendet, und einem Strahlungsempfänger, der ausserhalb des direkten Strahlungsbereiches in der Ke- gelachse angeordnet ist, und der an Partikeln im Strah¬ lungsbereich gestreute Strahlung erhält, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass der kegelringförmige Strahlungsbereich (C) durch Elemente (K, B, S) begrenzt wird, welche ausser¬ halb des direkten Empfangsbereiches des Strahlungsempfän- gers (R) angeordnet sind.1. Smoke detector with a radiation source which emits radiation in a cone-shaped radiation region and a radiation receiver which is arranged outside the direct radiation region in the cone axis and which receives radiation scattered on particles in the radiation region marked that the cone-shaped radiation area (C) is limited by elements (K, B, S) which are arranged outside the direct reception area of the radiation receiver (R).
2. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strahlungsbereich (C) in Strahlungsrichtung durch Stege (S) , die den Strahlungsempfänger (R) all- seitig umgeben, begrenzt wird, wobei die*-Oberkanten der Stege (S) hinter der Ebene (E) der strahlungsempf ngen¬ den Oberseite des Strahlungsempfängers (R) angeordnet sind.2. Smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation area (C) in the radiation direction is limited by webs (S) which surround the radiation receiver (R) on all sides, the * upper edges of the webs (S) being behind the Level (E) of the radiation-receiving top side of the radiation receiver (R) are arranged.
3. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stege (S) konzentrisch in Kreisringform und zur Kegelachse A rotationssymmetrisch angeordnet sind.3. Smoke detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the webs (S) are arranged concentrically in a circular ring shape and rotationally symmetrical to the cone axis A.
4. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dier überwiegende Teil der Zwischenräume (Z) zwi¬ schen den Stegen (S) beidseitig offen ist.4. Smoke detector according to claim 3, characterized in that the predominant part of the spaces (Z) between the webs (S) is open on both sides.
5. Rauchdetektor nach einem der Anspräche 2 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steginnenflächen angenähert parallel zur Kegelachse (A) sind.5. Smoke detector according to one of the claims 2-4, characterized in that the web inner surfaces are approximately parallel to the cone axis (A).
6. Rauchdetektor nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aussenflächen der Stege (S) einen spitzen Winkel mit der Kegelachse (A) bilde 6. Smoke detector according to one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the outer surfaces of the webs (S) form an acute angle with the cone axis (A)
7. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel der Aussenflache der Stege (S) mit der Kegelachse (A) kleiner ist als der Winkel zwischen Ke¬ gelaussenflache und Kegelachse.7. Smoke detector according to claim 6, characterized in that the angle of the outer surface of the webs (S) with the cone axis (A) is smaller than the angle between the cone outer surface and the cone axis.
8. Rauchdetektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stege (S) auf einem Teil (10) angebracht sind, dessen Aussenflache die den Luftein¬ tritt gestattenden Oeffnungen (O) eines den Strahlungs bereich (C) einschliessenden Gehäuses (1) so überdeckt, dass kein geradliniger Pfad von den Oeffnungen (0) in das Innere des Rauchdetektors führt.8. Smoke detector according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the webs (S) are attached to a part (10), the outer surface of which allows the air inlet openings (O) of the radiation area (C) enclosing housing (1) covered so that no straight path leads from the openings (0) into the interior of the smoke detector.
__
9. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekenn-. zeichnet, dass die den Lufteintritt gestattenden Oeff¬ nungen (O) eines den Strahlungsbereich einschliessen- den Gehäuses (1) relativ zu den offenen Zwischenräumen (Z) zwischen den Stegen so angeordnet sind, dass kein geradliniger Pfad von den Oeffnungen (O) in das Innere des Rauchdetektors führt.9. Smoke detector according to claim 4, characterized. is characterized in that the openings (O) allowing the air entry of a housing (1) enclosing the radiation area are arranged relative to the open spaces (Z) between the webs in such a way that no straight path from the openings (O) into the Inside the smoke detector leads.
10. Rauchdetektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4/ dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den Stegen (S) gegenüberliegende Flächen (X) strahlungsabsorbierende Rippen aufweisen.10. Smoke detector according to one of claims 1-4 / characterized in that the webs (S) opposite surfaces (X) have radiation-absorbing ribs.
11. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen (X) spitzwinklige Kanten mit einem Neigungswinkel zwischen 20 und 70 aufweisen.11. Smoke detector according to claim 10, characterized in that the ribs (X) have acute-angled edges with an inclination angle between 20 and 70.
12 .Rauchdetektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strahlungsbereich (C) seit¬ lich durch wenigstens eine Blende (K, B) begrenzt ifet, deren Kante durch eine weitere dazu parallele Blende (B* ) vom Strahlungsempfänger (R) abgeschirmt ist. 12. The smoke detector as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the radiation area (C) is delimited laterally by at least one diaphragm (K, B), the edge of which is separated by a further diaphragm (B *) from the radiation receiver ( R) is shielded.
13. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strahlungsbereich (C) an der Aussenseite durch die Kante (K) eines kreisförmigen Loches be¬ grenzt wird, und dass axial zum Strahlungsbereich (C) eine kreisförmige Scheibe (B1) vorgesehen ist, die die Kante (K) vom Strahlungsempfänger (R) abschirmt.13. Smoke detector according to claim 12, characterized in that the radiation area (C) is delimited on the outside by the edge (K) of a circular hole, and that a circular disk (B 1 ) is provided axially to the radiation area (C) which shields the edge (K) from the radiation receiver (R).
14. Rauchdetektor nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichiiet, dass der Strahlungsbereich (C) an der Innenseite durch eine kreisförmige, axial zum Strahlungsbereich (C) angeordnete Blende (B) begrenzt wird, welche Blende14. Smoke detector according to claim 12, characterized gekennzeichiiet that the radiation area (C) on the inside by a circular, axially to the radiation area (C) arranged aperture (B) is limited, which aperture
(B) durch eine weitere kreisförmige, axial zum Strah¬ lungsbereich angeordnete Blende (B') vom Strahlungs¬ empfänger (R) abgeschirmt ist. (B) is shielded from the radiation receiver (R) by a further circular diaphragm (B ') arranged axially to the radiation region.
EP80900014A 1978-12-21 1980-07-01 Smoke detector operating with scattered radiation Expired EP0020674B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80900014T ATE3597T1 (en) 1978-12-21 1979-12-01 SCATTERED RADIATION SMOKE DETECTOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH13001/78 1978-12-21
CH1300178A CH634429A5 (en) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 Smoke detector
CH13000/78 1978-12-21
CH1300078A CH634428A5 (en) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 Smoke detector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0020674A1 true EP0020674A1 (en) 1981-01-07
EP0020674B1 EP0020674B1 (en) 1983-05-25

Family

ID=25711348

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80900014A Expired EP0020674B1 (en) 1978-12-21 1980-07-01 Smoke detector operating with scattered radiation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4269510A (en)
EP (1) EP0020674B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS55501074A (en)
AU (1) AU512930B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1115377A (en)
DE (1) DE2965556D1 (en)
DK (1) DK150045C (en)
IT (1) IT1124404B (en)
NO (1) NO149751C (en)
WO (1) WO1980001326A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2965556D1 (en) 1983-07-07
IT7912865A0 (en) 1979-12-12
NO149751C (en) 1984-06-20
IT1124404B (en) 1986-05-07
DK357680A (en) 1980-08-20
JPS55501074A (en) 1980-12-04
WO1980001326A1 (en) 1980-06-26
EP0020674B1 (en) 1983-05-25
CA1115377A (en) 1981-12-29
DK150045C (en) 1987-05-11
NO794195L (en) 1980-06-24
AU512930B2 (en) 1980-11-06
NO149751B (en) 1984-03-05
DK150045B (en) 1986-11-24
AU5206679A (en) 1980-06-26
US4269510A (en) 1981-05-26

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