EP0018491B1 - Fibrous reinforcement for cement or bitumen bonded building elements and coverings - Google Patents

Fibrous reinforcement for cement or bitumen bonded building elements and coverings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018491B1
EP0018491B1 EP80101468A EP80101468A EP0018491B1 EP 0018491 B1 EP0018491 B1 EP 0018491B1 EP 80101468 A EP80101468 A EP 80101468A EP 80101468 A EP80101468 A EP 80101468A EP 0018491 B1 EP0018491 B1 EP 0018491B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibre
fibres
fibers
forms
fibrous reinforcement
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP80101468A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0018491A2 (en
EP0018491A3 (en
Inventor
Adolf Arnheiter
Rudolf Enzler
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INTER-FORTA AG
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Inter-Forta AG
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Priority to AT80101468T priority Critical patent/ATE4337T1/en
Publication of EP0018491A2 publication Critical patent/EP0018491A2/en
Publication of EP0018491A3 publication Critical patent/EP0018491A3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31815—Of bituminous or tarry residue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
    • Y10T442/188—Metal or metal-coated fiber-containing scrim

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fibrous reinforcement for cement and bitumen-bonded components and coverings, with at least two different groups of fiber structures according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • fibers for the reinforcement and reinforcement of materials, the so-called fiber reinforcement, is generally known.
  • the following fibers in particular, in the form of monofilament fibers are considered to be expedient for the use mentioned: steel fibers, glass fibers, plastic fibers (e.g. polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, aramid (highly aromatic polyamide), PVC, carbon fibers, asbestos fibers, Natural fibers.
  • plastic fibers e.g. polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, aramid (highly aromatic polyamide), PVC, carbon fibers, asbestos fibers, Natural fibers.
  • the fibrous reinforcement is designed according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the distribution of the percentages of the groups of fiber structures of different fiber lengths is equal to the distribution of the percentages of the aggregates used of different grain sizes.
  • the reinforcement elements which are evenly distributed over the cross-section of the reinforced component, do not aggregate. They are so evenly distributed and proportionately present in the mix that they can be regarded as additional additives.
  • This reinforcement element has the shape of a closed fiber network made of polypropylene and is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This fiber network is a one-piece structure, two different fiber thicknesses being present in the embodiment shown.
  • First fibers 1 are each connected to one another by second fibers 2, the cross section of the second fibers 2 being smaller than the cross section of the first fibers 1.
  • the fine polypropylene fibers are resilient, for example all the second fibers 2 act as springs which keep the first fibers 1 at a distance from one another, overcoming the mutual attraction forces, so that the fibers self-distribute in the mix or in the concrete.
  • individual fiber ends 3 loop around the grains of the material to be mixed, which additionally counteract the agglomeration of the fiber network during mixing and immediately afterwards.
  • the net-shaped reinforcement element in the final state does not describe the flat plane shown in FIG. 1, but is deformed in space in all three dimensions. ' a
  • the state of the reinforcement element before it is introduced into the mix is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the reinforcement element is wound wound in a string, the number of turns being predetermined.
  • the reinforcement element in the gathered form shown in FIG. 2 is entered together with the material to be mixed into the concrete mixing machine, and the mixing is then carried out in the usual manner and during the standardized period of time. During this period, the cord shape of the reinforcement element is opened and after this time period the reinforcement element is in the three-dimensionally distributed network form.
  • the mixing farmer is standardized in the production of concrete. Therefore, the number of turns of the cord piece to obtain a three-dimensional network after mixing can be determined exactly. If the mesh is not completely open after the mixing process has ended, its effect on the reinforcement is limited.
  • the mesh If the mesh is fully open before mixing is complete, it will be torn apart during the remaining mixing period, take the form of the known split fibers, and also lose its effect as a reinforcement element.
  • the reinforcement element in the present gathered form according to FIG. 2, it is now possible to use the reinforcement element in practice without difficulty, since it does not require any additional devices for introducing it into the mix (in particular it does not have to be sprinkled in) and, in addition, there is no additional monitoring of time periods necessary.
  • the insertion form twisted into the cord is only pure, for example.
  • the gathered form can be formed by other deformations, and water-soluble adhesives can also be arranged to hold the gathered form together.
  • Such a uniform distribution can now be achieved when using such self-distributing mesh reinforcement elements, this together, i. H. in combination with other known fibrous reinforcement elements in the form of individual fibers such.
  • One or more of these types of fibers can be used together with the reticular reinforcement element, the fiber lengths can be different, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • reinforcing fibers which are individual fibers
  • the fiber network self-distributing during mixing, the single fibers are evenly distributed by the spreading networks.
  • the nets also prevent the individual fibers from clumping together, since the nets prevent the individual fibers from doing so purely mechanically.
  • the individual fibers are thus guided through the networks in such a way that a uniform distribution of the individual fibers, and obviously also the fiber networks, is achieved in the reinforced concrete piece.
  • a test specimen was first made from unreinforced concrete. A bending tensile strength of approximately 32 kg / cm 2 was measured for this concrete body, which value is a common average value for concrete. Then another concrete test piece was produced, to which a calculated optimal amount of steel fibers, namely 144 kg, was added. A bending tensile strength of this concrete steel specimen, which was reinforced only with steel fibers, was measured at approximately 68 kp / cm 2 . The steel fibers thus improved the bending tensile strength by approximately 36 kp / cm 2. Another concrete test piece was produced in which a calculated optimal amount of 1 kg of the reticular polypropylene fiber reinforcement was added. A bending tensile strength of a concrete test piece reinforced with plastic mesh was measured at approximately 36 kp / cm 2 . So the improvement in bending tensile strength was 4 kp / cm 2.
  • the quality of the concrete also depends on the even distribution of the aggregates with different grain sizes. It is not only important how evenly a certain grain size (i.e., e.g. gravel bodies with a diameter of only 5 mm) is distributed in the poured concrete, but also what the proportions of the different grain sizes are.
  • a certain grain size i.e., e.g. gravel bodies with a diameter of only 5 mm
  • the aggregates for the production of concrete have to follow certain rules, among other things with regard to the grain sizes.
  • the aggregate grain build-up curve i. That is, the so-called sieve curve lies within predetermined limits and demonstrates a predetermined course, as is stipulated in Switzerland, for example, in Article 2.02 of the SIA standards, which sieve curve also corresponds to the DIN standard 1045 with regard to the aggregates for concrete .
  • A denotes the residue in percent by weight
  • B the mesh size or round hole size in mm
  • C passage in percent by weight.
  • curve S indicates mean values with respect to permissible scatter ranges, which is known to the person skilled in the art. (The corresponding curve S according to DIN 1045 is defined as "particularly good”.)
  • This sieve curve which is based on purely technical facts and knowledge, determines the percentage distribution of the aggregates of different grain sizes in order to obtain a (unreinforced) high-quality concrete.
  • fiber length instead of using only a predetermined length of the respective fibers, fibers of the same material with different lengths are used, however, analogously to the different grain sizes of the additives.
  • the percentage distribution of the amounts of the respective fiber lengths with respect to the grain sizes of the additives follows the recognized law.
  • Another property to be considered for reinforcement fibers is the modulus of elasticity of the materials from which the fibers are made. This means that the fiber reinforcement not only has to consist of only two fiber groups according to the above (but which can also be used in practice), but the polypropylene network together with steel fibers and / or glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or asbestos fibers and / or other plastic fibers, e.g. B. aramid etc. is to be used.
  • the known sieve curve S according to FIG. 3 forms the basis of the percentage quantity distribution of the fiber reinforcements with respect to the elastic modulus, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • F means the amount in%
  • G the modulus of elasticity in kp / cm 2 , representing different substances
  • curve U again corresponds to curve S in FIG. 3.
  • the regularity of the quantity distribution with respect to the fiber length according to curve T of FIG. 4 is now combined with the regularity of the quantity distribution with regard to the elastic modulus according to curve U of FIG. This means that predetermined proportions of fibers with regard to fiber length and modulus of elasticity of the different materials are selected for optimal reinforcement.
  • the fibers are usually produced by dividing or cutting a film (for example in the case of plastic fibers), so that either the closed fiber network, open fiber networks or individual fibers are produced, or continuously (for example in the case of steel fibers or glass fibers) manufactured wires are cut.
  • the fiber structures can now be twisted before cutting to produce the fibers of a predetermined length (the wires are twisted before cutting or are connected to one another by means of adhesives), so that there are several cord-shaped structures different in terms of the material. All these cord-like structures are then twisted together again, so that a thicker cord made of the different reinforcement materials is present, which cord is then finally cut into individual pieces.
  • these pieces of cord retain their shape due to the pretension, friction etc. imparted during twisting, or water-soluble adhesives are used.
  • the number of twists, the adhesive, etc. is predetermined from tests and selected such that the reinforcement cords can be entered into the concrete mixing machine together with the additives, and after the standardized concrete mixing time has ended due to the self-distributing fiber network that is always present, uniform over the Cross section of the reinforced concrete body are distributed.
  • the fiber reinforcement described also for tar and Bitumen coverings can be used to prevent large cracks from forming and to generate a crack pattern from fine cracks, into which cracks no water can enter and freeze therein, so that frost damage can largely be prevented on roads etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

A fibrous reinforcing means for cementitiously and bituminously bound composite structures and coatings comprises at least two various groups of fibrous articles. At least one of the groups consists of fibrous articles in the form of a closed filamentary net. The fibres thereof are resilient. They are added to the material to be mixed in a condensed shape such to expand during the mixing step of the preparation of the composite structure.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine faserförmige Bewehrung für zement- und bitumengebundene Bauteile und Beläge, mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Gruppen Fasergebilden gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fibrous reinforcement for cement and bitumen-bonded components and coverings, with at least two different groups of fiber structures according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Verwendung von Fasern zur Bewehrung und Verstärkung von Werkstoffen, die sogenannte Faserbewehrung ist allgemein bekannt. Gegenwärtig werden insbesondere folgende Fasern, allgemein, in der Form von monofilen Fasern, zur genannten Verwendung als zweckdienlich erachtet: Stahlfasern, Glasfasern, Kunststoffasern (z. B. Polypropylen, Polyäthylen, Polyamid, Aramid (hocharomatisches Polyamid), PVC, Kohlenstoffasern, Asbestfasern, Naturfasern.The use of fibers for the reinforcement and reinforcement of materials, the so-called fiber reinforcement, is generally known. Currently, the following fibers in particular, in the form of monofilament fibers, are considered to be expedient for the use mentioned: steel fibers, glass fibers, plastic fibers (e.g. polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, aramid (highly aromatic polyamide), PVC, carbon fibers, asbestos fibers, Natural fibers.

Eine offensichtliche Forderung an Bewehrungsfasern ist die gleichmäßige Verteilung derselben über den Querschnitt des damit bewehrten Bauteiles, um dessen Rißbild zweckmäßig zu verbessern. Jedoch weisen die bekannten Fasern üblicherweise den Nachteil auf, daß sie sich im zu bewehrenden Stoff, beispielsweise aufgrund elektrostatischer Aufladung, zusammenballen und daher keine gleichmäßige Verteilung derselben entsteht. Somit wird ihre Dosierung im Querschnitt verhältnismäßig hoch gewählt und die Einbringungstechniken, z. B. Einrieseln, sind wohl unter Laborbedingungen durchführbar, jedoch sehr aufwendig und in der Praxis nur schwer, falls überhaupt, durchführbar. Somit sind wirtschaftlich tragbare Lösungen bezüglich Faserbewehrungen äußerst beschränkt anwendbar.An obvious requirement for reinforcement fibers is the uniform distribution of the same over the cross-section of the component reinforced with it, in order to improve its crack pattern. However, the known fibers usually have the disadvantage that they clump together in the material to be reinforced, for example due to electrostatic charging, and therefore there is no uniform distribution of the same. Thus, their dosage is chosen to be relatively high in cross-section and the introduction techniques, e.g. B. trickling, are probably feasible under laboratory conditions, but very expensive and in practice difficult, if at all, feasible. This means that economically viable solutions with regard to fiber reinforcement are extremely limited.

In der DE-A-2 447 816 ist ein Bewehrungselement bekannt geworden, das verfasert ist und ein Netz bildet. Dieses netzförmige Bewehrungselement erfüllt seine Aufgabe in dem ihm zugedachten Rahmen zufriedenstellend. Eine Verwendung dieses Bewehrungselementes zusammen mit andern Bewehrungselementen zur Erhöhung der Güte eines derart bewehrten Körpers war jedoch darum nicht durchführbar, weil sich zwar das netzförmige, jedoch nicht die anderen Bewehrungselemente von selbst in den zu bewehrenden Stoff, z. B. Beton verteilten. Zudem hatte es sich herausgestellt, daß die gleichzeitige Verwendung mehrerer unterschiedlicher Bewehrungselemente keine zufriedenstellende Erhöhung der Güte des jeweiligen damit bewehrten Körpers zur Folge hatte, weil keine Lehre in Bezug auf die Mischungsanteile der einzelnen unterschiedlichen Bewehrungselemente vorgelegen hat.In DE-A-2 447 816 a reinforcement element has become known which is fiberized and forms a network. This mesh-shaped reinforcement element fulfills its task satisfactorily in the frame intended for it. However, the use of this reinforcement element together with other reinforcement elements to increase the quality of a body reinforced in this way was not feasible, because the mesh-shaped, but not the other reinforcement elements, of course, are incorporated into the material to be reinforced, e.g. B. Distributed concrete. In addition, it had been found that the simultaneous use of several different reinforcement elements did not result in a satisfactory increase in the quality of the respective body reinforced with them, because there was no teaching with regard to the mixture proportions of the individual different reinforcement elements.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Dazu ist die faserförmige Bewehrung gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 ausgebildet. Die Verteilung der prozentualen Anteile der Gruppen Fasergebilde unterschiedlicher Faserlänge ist gleich der Verteilung der prozentualen Anteile der verwendeten Zuschlagstoffe unterschiedlicher Korngröße.The invention seeks to remedy this. For this purpose, the fibrous reinforcement is designed according to the characterizing part of claim 1. The distribution of the percentages of the groups of fiber structures of different fiber lengths is equal to the distribution of the percentages of the aggregates used of different grain sizes.

Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß die Bewehrungselemente in errechenbaren Anteilen zusammen mit den Zuschlagstoffen in das Mischgut eingebracht werden können, und somit eine optimale Wirkung der Bewehrungselemente stattfinden kann.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that the reinforcement elements can be introduced into the mix together with the additives in calculable proportions, and thus an optimal effect of the reinforcement elements can take place.

Die von selbst über den Querschnitt des bewehrten Bauteiles gleichmäßig verteilten Bewehrungselemente ballen sich nicht zusammen. Sie sind also derart gleichmäßig verteilt und anteilmäßig derart im Mischgut vorhanden, daß sie als zusätzliche Zuschlagstoffe betrachtet werden können.The reinforcement elements, which are evenly distributed over the cross-section of the reinforced component, do not aggregate. They are so evenly distributed and proportionately present in the mix that they can be regarded as additional additives.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen beispielsweise näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 ein Bewehrungselement in Form eines Kunststoffasernetzes,
  • Fig. 2 das Bewehrungselement der Fig. 1 in der Zustandsform vor dem Einbringen,
  • Fig. 3 eine genormte Siebkurve für die Zuschlagstoffe zur Betonherstellung,
  • Fig. 4 ein Diagramm der Verteilung des prozentualen Anteils verschiedener Bewehrungsfasern bezogen auf die Faserlänge, und
  • Fig. ein Diagramm der Verteilung des prozentualen Anteils verschiedener Bewehrungsfasern bezogen auf der E-Modul.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, for example. It shows
  • 1 is a reinforcement element in the form of a plastic fiber network,
  • 2 the reinforcement element of FIG. 1 in the state before insertion,
  • 3 is a standardized sieve curve for the aggregates for concrete production,
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram of the distribution of the percentage of different reinforcing fibers based on the fiber length, and
  • Fig. A diagram of the distribution of the percentage of different reinforcement fibers based on the modulus of elasticity.

Es ist einleitend erwähnt worden, daß eine der großen Schwierigkeiten von Faserbewehrungen, z. B. des Betons darin liegt, daß es in der Praxis wirtschaftlich kaum möglich ist, eine auf den Querschnitt des zu bewehrenden Bauteils gleichförmige Verteilung derselben zu erreichen, um unter anderem eine gleichförmige Rißbildung zu erzeugen. Dies rührt daher, daß sich die einzelnen Fasern aufgrund von elektrostatischen Anziehungskräften zusammenballen, oder aufgrund anderer technischer Einflüsse, z. B. unterschiedlichem, spezifischem Gewicht, entweder auf den Grund eines soeben gegossenen Körpers absinken, oder bei seiner Oberfläche oben aufschwimmen.It has been mentioned in the introduction that one of the great difficulties of fiber reinforcements, e.g. B. the concrete is that in practice it is hardly economically possible to achieve a uniform distribution on the cross-section of the component to be reinforced in order to produce, among other things, a uniform cracking. This is due to the fact that the individual fibers clump together due to electrostatic attractive forces or due to other technical influences, e.g. B. different, specific weight, either sink to the bottom of a body that has just been cast, or float up on its surface.

Um nun diese aus Einzelfasern bestehenden Bewehrungselemente gleichmäßig über den Querschnitt zu verteilen, werden sie gemäß des Erfindungsgedankens ernstlich zusammen mit einem besonders ausgebildeten Bewehrungselement verwendet, das nachfolgend beschrieben wird.In order to distribute these reinforcement elements consisting of individual fibers evenly over the cross-section, they are used seriously according to the inventive concept together with a specially designed reinforcement element, which is described below.

Dieses Bewehrungselement weist die Form eines geschlossenen Fasernetzes aus Polypropylen auf, und ist in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellt. Dieses Fasernetz ist ein einstückiges Gebilde, wobei bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform zwei unterschiedliche Faserdicken vorhanden sind. Dabei sind erste Fasern 1 jeweils durch zweite Fasern 2 miteinander verbunden, wobei der Querschnitt der zweiten Fasern 2 ein kleineres Maß als der Querschnitt der ersten Fasern 1 aufweist. Auch diese dem Mischgut zugegebenen Fasernetze neigen nun dazu, insbesondere aufgrund des Mischens, aneinanderzuhaften, beispielsweise durch die statische Aufladung derselben, derart, daß keine gleichmäßige Verteilung im Beton auftreten würde. Weil jedoch die feinen Polypropylenfasern federelastisch sind, wirken beispielsweise alle zweiten Fasern 2 als Federn, die die ersten Fasern 1, die gegenseitigen Anziehkräfte überwindend, im Abstand voneinander halten, so daß eine Selbstverteilung der Fasern im Mischgut, bzw. im Beton erfolgt. Zudem schlingen sich einzelne Faserenden 3 um die Körner des Mischgutes, weiche zusätzlich dem Zusammenballen des Fasernetzes während des Mischens und unmittelbar nachher entgegenwirken. Offensichtlich beschreibt das netzförmige Bewehrungselement im Endzustand nicht die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte flache Ebene, sondern ist in allen drei Dimensionen im Raum verformt. ' aThis reinforcement element has the shape of a closed fiber network made of polypropylene and is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This fiber network is a one-piece structure, two different fiber thicknesses being present in the embodiment shown. First fibers 1 are each connected to one another by second fibers 2, the cross section of the second fibers 2 being smaller than the cross section of the first fibers 1. This also applies to the mix added fiber nets now tend to adhere to one another, in particular due to the mixing, for example due to the static charging thereof, such that no uniform distribution would occur in the concrete. However, because the fine polypropylene fibers are resilient, for example all the second fibers 2 act as springs which keep the first fibers 1 at a distance from one another, overcoming the mutual attraction forces, so that the fibers self-distribute in the mix or in the concrete. In addition, individual fiber ends 3 loop around the grains of the material to be mixed, which additionally counteract the agglomeration of the fiber network during mixing and immediately afterwards. Obviously, the net-shaped reinforcement element in the final state does not describe the flat plane shown in FIG. 1, but is deformed in space in all three dimensions. ' a

Der Zustand des Bewehrungselementes vor dem Einbringen in das Mischgut ist in der Fig. 2 gezeigt. Das Bewehrungselement ist schnurförmig zusammengerollt verwunden, wobei die Anzahl Windungen vorbestimmt ist. Zur Herstellung des bewehrten Bauteils wird das Bewehrungselement in der in der Fig. 2 gezeigten, gerafften Form zusammen mit dem Mischgut in die Betonmischmaschine eingegeben und darauf das Mischen in der üblichen Weise und während der genormten Zeitspanne durchgeführt. Während dieser Zeitspanne wird die Schnurform des Bewehrungselementes geöffnet und nach Ablauf dieser Zeitdauer liegt das Bewehrungselement in der drei dimensional verteilten Netzform vor. Bekanntlich ist die Mischfauer bei der Betonherstellung genormt. Daher läßt sich die Zahl der Windungen des Schnurstücks, um nach dem Mischen ein dreidimensionales Netz zu erhalten, genau bestimmen. Ist nämlich das Netz nach Beendigung des Mischvorganges nicht vollständig geöffnet, ist seine Wirkung bezüglich der Bewehrung eingeschränkt. Ist das Netz vor Beendigung des Mischens vollständig geöffnet, wird es während der verbleibenden Mischzeitspanne zerrissen, nimmt die Form der bekannten Splitfibres an, und büßt ebenfalls seine Wirkung als Bewehrungselement ein. In der vorliegenden gerafften Form gemäß Fig. 2 ist es nun möglich, das Bewehrungselement ohne Schwierigkeiten in der Praxis zu verwenden, da es keine zusätzliche Vorrichtungen zum Einbringen in das Mischgut benötigt, (insbesondere muß es nicht eingerieselt werden) und zudem ist keine zusätzliche Überwachung von Zeitspannen notwendig. Es muß noch erwähnt werden, daß die zur Schnur verzwirnte Einbringform lediglich rein beispielsweise ist. Die geraffte Form kann durch andere Verformungen gebildet sein, und es können auch wasserlösliche Haftstoffe zum Zusammenhalten der gerafften Form angeordnet sein.The state of the reinforcement element before it is introduced into the mix is shown in FIG. 2. The reinforcement element is wound wound in a string, the number of turns being predetermined. To produce the reinforced component, the reinforcement element in the gathered form shown in FIG. 2 is entered together with the material to be mixed into the concrete mixing machine, and the mixing is then carried out in the usual manner and during the standardized period of time. During this period, the cord shape of the reinforcement element is opened and after this time period the reinforcement element is in the three-dimensionally distributed network form. As is well known, the mixing farmer is standardized in the production of concrete. Therefore, the number of turns of the cord piece to obtain a three-dimensional network after mixing can be determined exactly. If the mesh is not completely open after the mixing process has ended, its effect on the reinforcement is limited. If the mesh is fully open before mixing is complete, it will be torn apart during the remaining mixing period, take the form of the known split fibers, and also lose its effect as a reinforcement element. In the present gathered form according to FIG. 2, it is now possible to use the reinforcement element in practice without difficulty, since it does not require any additional devices for introducing it into the mix (in particular it does not have to be sprinkled in) and, in addition, there is no additional monitoring of time periods necessary. It must also be mentioned that the insertion form twisted into the cord is only pure, for example. The gathered form can be formed by other deformations, and water-soluble adhesives can also be arranged to hold the gathered form together.

Es ist bereits erwähnt worden, daß an die faserförmigen Bewehrungen die Forderung gestellt wird, daß sie gleichmäßig über den Querschnitt des bewehrten Bauteils verteilt werden, da schließlich die Rißbildung, das Rißbild gleichmäßig sein muß.It has already been mentioned that the fibrous reinforcements are required to be distributed evenly over the cross-section of the reinforced component, since finally the crack formation, the crack pattern, must be uniform.

Eine solche gleichmäßige Verteilung läßt sich nun bei einer Verwendung solcher sich selbst verteilender netzförmiger Bewehrungselemente erzielen, dies zusammen, d. h. in Kombination mit anderen bekannten faserförmigen Bewehrungselementen in der Form von Einzelfasern so z. B. Glasfasern, Stahlfasern, Kunststoffasern, Kohlenstoffasern, Asbestfasern, Naturfasern etc. Dabei können eine oder mehrere dieser genannten Faserarten zusammen mit dem netzförmigen Bewehrungselement verwendet werden, wobei die Faserlängen unterschiedlich sein können, wie dies weiter unten noch im Einzelnen erläutert sein wird. Werden Bewehrungsfasern, die Einzelfasern sind, zusammen mit dem Fasernetz in das Mischgut eingebracht, wobei sich das Fasernetz beim Mischen selbstverteilt, werden die Einzeifasern durch die sich ausbreitenden Netze gleichmäßig verteilt. Auch hindern die Netze ein Zusammenballen der Einzelfasern, da letztere rein mechanisch durch die Netze daran gehindert werden. Die Einzelfasern werden somit durch die Netze geführt, derart, daß eine gleichförmige Verteilung der Einzelfasern, und offensichtlich auch der Fasernetze, im bewehrten Betonstück erreicht wird.Such a uniform distribution can now be achieved when using such self-distributing mesh reinforcement elements, this together, i. H. in combination with other known fibrous reinforcement elements in the form of individual fibers such. B. glass fibers, steel fibers, plastic fibers, carbon fibers, asbestos fibers, natural fibers etc. One or more of these types of fibers can be used together with the reticular reinforcement element, the fiber lengths can be different, as will be explained in more detail below. If reinforcing fibers, which are individual fibers, are introduced into the mix together with the fiber network, the fiber network self-distributing during mixing, the single fibers are evenly distributed by the spreading networks. The nets also prevent the individual fibers from clumping together, since the nets prevent the individual fibers from doing so purely mechanically. The individual fibers are thus guided through the networks in such a way that a uniform distribution of the individual fibers, and obviously also the fiber networks, is achieved in the reinforced concrete piece.

Es wird nun nachfolgend ein Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben, bei dem in Beton netzförmige Bewehrungselemente aus Polypropylen mit Stahlfasern kombiniert sind.An exemplary embodiment is now described below in which mesh-like reinforcement elements made of polypropylene are combined with steel fibers in concrete.

Es wurde zuerst ein Prüfkörper aus unbewehrtem Beton hergestellt. Bei diesem Betonkörper wurde eine Biegezugfestigkeit von ungefähr 32 kp/cm2 gemessen, welcher Wert ein üblicher Durchschnittswert für Beton ist. Dann wurde ein weiterer Betonprüfling hergestellt, dem eine rechnerisch ermittelte optimale Menge Stahlfasern, nämlich 144 kg zugegeben wurde. Es wurde eine Biegezugfestigkeit dieses ausschließlich stahlfasernbewehrten Betonprüflings von ungefähr 68 kp/cm2 gemessen. Somit bewirkten die Stahlfasern eine Verbesserung der Biegezugfestigkeit um ungefähr 36 kp/cm2. Ein weiterer Betonprüfling wurde hergestellt, in welchem eine rechnerisch ermittelte optimale Menge von 1 kg der netzförmigen Polypropylenfaserbewehrung zugegeben wurde. Es wurde eine Biegezugfestigkeit eines kunststoffnetzbewehrten Betonprüflings von ungefähr 36 kp/cm2 gemessen. Also war die Verbesserung der Biegezugfestigkeit 4 kp/cm2. A test specimen was first made from unreinforced concrete. A bending tensile strength of approximately 32 kg / cm 2 was measured for this concrete body, which value is a common average value for concrete. Then another concrete test piece was produced, to which a calculated optimal amount of steel fibers, namely 144 kg, was added. A bending tensile strength of this concrete steel specimen, which was reinforced only with steel fibers, was measured at approximately 68 kp / cm 2 . The steel fibers thus improved the bending tensile strength by approximately 36 kp / cm 2. Another concrete test piece was produced in which a calculated optimal amount of 1 kg of the reticular polypropylene fiber reinforcement was added. A bending tensile strength of a concrete test piece reinforced with plastic mesh was measured at approximately 36 kp / cm 2 . So the improvement in bending tensile strength was 4 kp / cm 2.

Eine Verwendung von Kunststoffnetzen zusammen mit Stahlfasern ergäbe somit rechnerisch eine Verbesserung der Biegezugfestigkeit von 36+4=40 kp/cm2, also hätte ein Betonprüfling mit beiden genannten Bewehrungen eine Biegezugestigkeitvon 32+40=72 kp/cm2.Using plastic nets together with steel fibers would therefore result in an improvement in the bending tensile strength of 36 + 4 = 40 kp / cm 2 , so a test specimen with both reinforcements would have a bending strength of 32 + 40 = 72 kp / cm2.

Jetzt erzeugt aber die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von Stahlfasern zusammen mit Fasernetzen aufgrund der verteilenden Wirkung der Fasernetze eine nicht zu erwartende, bedeutsame Verbesserung der Biegezugfestigkeit.Now, however, the use of steel fibers according to the invention together with fiber nets produces an unexpected, significant improvement in the bending tensile strength due to the distributing effect of the fiber nets.

Es wurde nun ein Betonprüfling hergestellt, der mit 144 kg der obigen Stahlfasern und mit 1 kg der Fasemetze bewehrt wurde, und dann die Biegefestigkeit gemessen. Der gemessene Wert betrug ungefähr 100 kp/cm2 welcher Wert im Vergleich mit den rechnerisch ermittelten 72 kp/cmz unvergleichlich höher ist. Diese Prüfergebnisse sind zusammen mit weiteren gemessenen Daten in der nachstehenden Tabelle dargestellt:

Figure imgb0001
A concrete test specimen was now produced, which with 144 kg of the above steel fibers and with 1 kg of Fiber mesh was reinforced, and then the flexural strength was measured. The measured value was approximately 100 kp / cm 2, which value is incomparably higher in comparison with the calculated 72 kp / cm z . These test results, along with other measured data, are shown in the table below:
Figure imgb0001

Aus dieser Tabelle geht hervor, daß die in den Versuchen ermitteiten, tatsächlichen Daten des Betons, der mit den genannten unterschiedlichen Fasern bewehrt ist, von den rechnerisch zu erwartenden überraschend abweicht.This table shows that the actual data of the concrete obtained in the tests, which is reinforced with the different fibers mentioned, surprisingly deviates from the computationally to be expected.

Aus dem obigen Beispiel geht also hervor, daß eine Bewehrung eines m3 Betons mit 144 kg Stahlfasern und mit 1 kg Kunststoffasernetzen eine Biegezugfestigkeit von 100 kp/cm2 ergibt, wobei die sich genannten Anteile der unterschiedlichen Fasern als optimal erwiesen haben.The example above shows that reinforcing an m 3 concrete with 144 kg steel fibers and with 1 kg plastic fiber mesh results in a bending tensile strength of 100 kp / cm 2 , the proportions of the different fibers having proven to be optimal.

Es wurden weitere Versuche durchgeführt mit folgenden Bewehrungselementen: 67% »Splitfibre« (Kunststoffasern, in offener Netzform), 29% Kunststoffasern der eingangs genannten, geschlossenen Netzform und 4% monofile Aramidfasern (Aramid = hocharomatisches Polyamid). Diese Kombination ergab eine Verdoppelung der Biegezugfestigkeit des unbewehrten Betons, also wieder ein rechnerisch nicht erwartetes Ergebnis.Further tests were carried out with the following reinforcement elements: 67% »split fiber« (plastic fibers, in open mesh form), 29% plastic fibers of the above-mentioned, closed mesh form and 4% monofilament aramid fibers (aramid = highly aromatic polyamide). This combination resulted in a doubling of the bending tensile strength of the unreinforced concrete, again a result that was not calculated.

Aus den mit den vorgenannten Ausführungsbeispielen gemachten Versuchen geht hervor, daß eine zwangsweise erfolgende, gleichförmige Verteilung der Bewehrungseinzelnfasern eine unerwartete Verbesserung der Güte des bewehrten Betons zur Folge hat.It is evident from the tests carried out with the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments that a compulsory, uniform distribution of the individual reinforcement fibers leads to an unexpected improvement in the quality of the reinforced concrete.

Zurückkehrend zum unbewehrten Beton ist nun weiter in Betracht zu ziehen, daß die Güte des Betons auch von der gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Zuschlagstoffe mit unterschiedlichen Korngrößen abhängt. Es ist nicht nur entscheidend, wie gleichmäßig eine bestimmte Korngröße (d. h., z. B. Kieskörper von ausschließlich einem Durchmesser von 5 mm) im gegossenen Beton verteilt ist, sondern auch welches die Mengenverhältnisse der verschiedenen Korngrößen sind.Returning to the unreinforced concrete, it must now be considered that the quality of the concrete also depends on the even distribution of the aggregates with different grain sizes. It is not only important how evenly a certain grain size (i.e., e.g. gravel bodies with a diameter of only 5 mm) is distributed in the poured concrete, but also what the proportions of the different grain sizes are.

Bekanntlich müssen die Zuschlagstoffe für die Herstellung von Beton unter anderem in Bezug auf die Korngrößen bestimmten Regeln folgen. Insbesondere muß die Kurve des Kornaufbaus der Zuschlagstoffe, d. h., die sogenannte Siebkurve, innerhalb vorbestimmten Grenzen liegen und einen vorbestimmten Verlauf nachweisen, wie beispielsweise in der Schweiz im Art. 2.02 der SIA-Normen festgelegt ist, welche Siebkurve ihrem Verlauf nach auch der DIN-Norm 1045 bezüglich der Zuschlagstoffe für Beton entspricht.It is known that the aggregates for the production of concrete have to follow certain rules, among other things with regard to the grain sizes. In particular, the aggregate grain build-up curve, i. That is, the so-called sieve curve lies within predetermined limits and demonstrates a predetermined course, as is stipulated in Switzerland, for example, in Article 2.02 of the SIA standards, which sieve curve also corresponds to the DIN standard 1045 with regard to the aggregates for concrete .

Die in der Fig. 3 gezeichneten Siebkurve S, die auch Granulationskurve genannt wird, schreibt die nach SIA anzustrebende prozentuelle Verteilung der Korngrößen also die Kornverteilung vor.The sieve curve S drawn in FIG. 3, which is also called the granulation curve, prescribes the percentage distribution of the grain sizes to be aimed for according to SIA, that is to say the grain distribution.

In der Fig. 3 bezeichnet A: den Rückstand in Gewichtsprozenten, B: die Maschenweite, bzw. Rundlochweite in mm, C: Durchgang in Gewichtsprozenten. Der Vollständigkeithalber soll erwähnt sein, daß die Kurve S Mittelwerte bezüglich zulässiger Streubereiche angibt, welches dem Fachmann bekannt ist. (Die entsprechende Kurve S nach DIN 1045 ist als »besonders gut« definiert.)In FIG. 3, A: denotes the residue in percent by weight, B: the mesh size or round hole size in mm, C: passage in percent by weight. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that curve S indicates mean values with respect to permissible scatter ranges, which is known to the person skilled in the art. (The corresponding curve S according to DIN 1045 is defined as "particularly good".)

Diese Siebkurve, die auf rein technischen Gegebenheiten und Erkenntnissen hervorgegangen ist, bestimmt also die prozentuelle Mengenverteilung der Zuschlagstoffe unterschiedlicher Korngröße um einen (unbewehrten) Beton hoher Güte zu erhalten.This sieve curve, which is based on purely technical facts and knowledge, determines the percentage distribution of the aggregates of different grain sizes in order to obtain a (unreinforced) high-quality concrete.

Nun ist erkannt worden, daß dieselbe Gesetzmäßigkeit ebenfalls auf die Faserbewehrungen zutrifft.It has now been recognized that the same law also applies to fiber reinforcement.

Eine der dabei in Betracht zu ziehenden Eigenschaften ist die Faserlänge. Anstatt nur eine vorbestimmte Länge der jeweiligen Fasern zu verwenden, werden Fasern aus demselben Werkstoff jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Längen verwendet, analog zu den unterschiedlichen Korngrößen der Zuschlagstoffe. Dabei folgt nun die prozentuelle Verteilung der Mengen jeweiliger Faserlängen bezüglich der Korngrößen der Zuschlagstoffe erkannten Gesetzmäßigkeit.One of the properties to consider is fiber length. Instead of using only a predetermined length of the respective fibers, fibers of the same material with different lengths are used, however, analogously to the different grain sizes of the additives. The percentage distribution of the amounts of the respective fiber lengths with respect to the grain sizes of the additives follows the recognized law.

Dieses ist in der Fig. 4 dargestellt. Dabei bezeichnet D die Menge in % und E die Faserlänge in mm. Die Kurve T, deren Verlauf geometrisch gleich der Siebkurve S der Fig. ist, kann als »Längengranulationskurve« bezeichnet werden. Entsprechend dieser Kurve T hat eine beispielsweise optimale Faserlängenverteilung wie folgt zu sein:

Figure imgb0002
This is shown in FIG. 4. D denotes the quantity in% and E the fiber length in mm. The curve T, the course of which is geometrically the same as the sieve curve S in the figure, can be referred to as a “length granulation curve”. According to this curve T, an optimal fiber length distribution has to be as follows:
Figure imgb0002

Beim vorerwähnten Ausführungsbeispiel enthaltend das Polypropylenfasernetz und die Stahlfasern bedeutet dies, daß man sowohl beim Fasernetz, als auch bei den Stahlfasern unterschiedliche Faserlängen anwendet, wobei die prozentuellen Mengenanteile jeweiliger Faserlängen der »Längengranulationskurve« T entsprechen müssen, so daß die Güte des faserbewehrten Betons weiter verbessert ist.In the aforementioned embodiment containing the polypropylene fiber network and the steel fibers, this means that different fiber lengths are used both in the fiber network and in the steel fibers, the percentage proportions of each fiber length corresponding to the "length granulation curve" T, so that the quality of the fiber-reinforced concrete is further improved is.

Eine weitere in Betracht zu ziehende Eigenschaft der Bewehrungsfasern ist der E-Modul der Stoffe, aus denen die Fasern hergestellt sind. Das heißt, daß die Faserbewehrung nicht nur gemäß den obigen (in der Praxis jedoch auch verwendbaren) lediglich zwei Fasergruppen zu bestehen hat, sondern das Polypropylennetz zusammen mit Stahlfasern und/oder Glasfasern und/oder Kohlenstoffasern und/oder Asbestfasern und/oder weiterer Kunststoffasern, z. B. Aramid etc. zu verwenden ist.Another property to be considered for reinforcement fibers is the modulus of elasticity of the materials from which the fibers are made. This means that the fiber reinforcement not only has to consist of only two fiber groups according to the above (but which can also be used in practice), but the polypropylene network together with steel fibers and / or glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or asbestos fibers and / or other plastic fibers, e.g. B. aramid etc. is to be used.

Auch hier bildet die bekannte Siebkurve S nach Fig. 3 die Grundlage der prozentuellen Mengenverteilung der Faserbewehrungen bezüglich des Elastizitätsmoduls, wie in der Fig. 5 gezeigt ist. In der Fig. 5 bedeutet F die Menge in %, G den E-Modul in kp/cm2, vertretend verschiedene Stoffe, und die Kurve U entspricht wieder der Kurve S der Fig. 3.Here, too, the known sieve curve S according to FIG. 3 forms the basis of the percentage quantity distribution of the fiber reinforcements with respect to the elastic modulus, as shown in FIG. 5. 5, F means the amount in%, G the modulus of elasticity in kp / cm 2 , representing different substances, and curve U again corresponds to curve S in FIG. 3.

Aus dem Diagramm der Fig. 5 geht hervor, daß eine optimale Verteilung der Mengen jeweiliger Bewehrungselemente bezüglich des E-Moduls die folgende ist:

Figure imgb0003
5 shows that an optimal distribution of the amounts of respective reinforcement elements with respect to the modulus of elasticity is as follows:
Figure imgb0003

Also sind die Bewehrungsfasern unterschiedlicher Stoffe gemäß obiger Gesetzmäßigkeit zu verwenden.So the reinforcement fibers of different materials are to be used according to the above law.

Zur optimalen Bewehrung mittels der Fasern wird nun die Gesetzmäßigkeit der Mengenverteilung bezüglich der Faserlänge gemäß der Kurve T der Fig. 4 mit der Gesetzmäßigkeit der Mengenverteilung bezüglich des E-Moduls gemäß der Kurve U der Fig. kombiniert. Das heißt, daß zur optimalen Bewehrung vorbestimmte Mengenanteile von Fasern bezüglich Faserlänge und E-Modul der verschiedenen Stoffe gewählt werden.For optimal reinforcement by means of the fibers, the regularity of the quantity distribution with respect to the fiber length according to curve T of FIG. 4 is now combined with the regularity of the quantity distribution with regard to the elastic modulus according to curve U of FIG. This means that predetermined proportions of fibers with regard to fiber length and modulus of elasticity of the different materials are selected for optimal reinforcement.

Weil immer mindestens ein geschlossenes Fasernetz vorhanden ist, welches alle Fasern während des Mischens gleichförmig verteilt und Zusammenballungen verhindert, ist das Einbringen jeglichen Faserstoffes und jeglicher Faserlänge ohne besonderen Aufwand durchführbar. Es müssen keine praxisfemen Einbringungsverfahren oder Beimischzeitspannen berücksichtigt werden.Because there is always at least one closed fiber network, which uniformly distributes all fibers during mixing and prevents agglomeration, the introduction of any fiber material and any fiber length can be carried out without any particular effort. No practical application procedures or mixing periods need to be taken into account.

Nachfolgend werden nun zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des Einbringens der Bewehrungsfasern beschrieben.Two exemplary embodiments of the introduction of the reinforcement fibers are now described below.

Üblicherweise werden die Fasern hergestellt, indem (z. B. bei Kunststoffasern) eine Folie aufgeteilt, bzw. zerschnitten wird, so daß entweder das geschlossene Fasernetz, offene Fasernetze oder Einzelfasern erzeugt werden, oder (z. B. bei Stahifasern oder Glasfasern) kontinuierlich hergestellte Drähte zerschnitten werden. Wie dies schon bei gewissen Kunststoffasern bekannt ist, können nun die Fasergebilde vor dem Schneiden zum Erzeugen der Fasern vorbestimmter Länge verzwirnt werden (die Drähte vor dem Zerschneiden verzwirnt oder mittels Haftstoffen miteinander verbunden werden), so daß mehrere bezüglich des Stoffes unterschiedliche schnurförmige Gebilde vorliegen. Alle diese schnurförmigen Gebilde werden dann miteinander nochmals verzwirnt, so daß eine dickere Schnur aus den unterschiedlichen Bewehrungsstoffen vorliegt, welche Schnur dann endlich in einzelne Stücke zerschnitten wird. Je nach den verwendeten Stoffen behalten diese Schnurstücke ihre Form aufgrund der beim Verzwirnen erteilten Vorspannung, Reibung etc., oder es werden wasserlösliche Haftstoffe verwendet. Dabei ist die Zahl der Verwindungen, ist der Haftstoff etc. aus Versuchen vorbestimmt und derart gewählt, daß die Bewehrungsschnüre zusammen mit den Zuschlagstoffen in die Betonmischmaschine eingegeben werden können, und nach dem Beendigen der genormten Betonmischzeit aufgrund des immer vorhandenen, selbstverteilenden Fasernetzes gleichförmig über den Querschnitt des bewehrten Betonkörpers verteilt sind.The fibers are usually produced by dividing or cutting a film (for example in the case of plastic fibers), so that either the closed fiber network, open fiber networks or individual fibers are produced, or continuously (for example in the case of steel fibers or glass fibers) manufactured wires are cut. As is already known for certain plastic fibers, the fiber structures can now be twisted before cutting to produce the fibers of a predetermined length (the wires are twisted before cutting or are connected to one another by means of adhesives), so that there are several cord-shaped structures different in terms of the material. All these cord-like structures are then twisted together again, so that a thicker cord made of the different reinforcement materials is present, which cord is then finally cut into individual pieces. Depending on the materials used, these pieces of cord retain their shape due to the pretension, friction etc. imparted during twisting, or water-soluble adhesives are used. The number of twists, the adhesive, etc. is predetermined from tests and selected such that the reinforcement cords can be entered into the concrete mixing machine together with the additives, and after the standardized concrete mixing time has ended due to the self-distributing fiber network that is always present, uniform over the Cross section of the reinforced concrete body are distributed.

Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der zu vergießende Beton in bekannter Weise durch ein Druckrohr gefördert wird, werden zusammen mit den Zuschlagstoffen lediglich die geschlossenen Fasernetze in die Betonmischmaschine eingegeben. Unmittelbar vor dem Druckrohrende werden die restlichen Bewehrungsfasern in den Betonstrom eingebracht, dies in ebenfalls bekannter Weise mittels einer strahlpumpenförmigen Anordnung. Auch hier ist die gleichmäßige Verteilung der Einzelfasern sichergestellt, weil die Fasernetze ein Zusammenballen, ein Absinken oder Aufsteigen der Einzelfasern verhindern.In another embodiment, in which the concrete to be poured is conveyed through a pressure pipe in a known manner, only the closed fiber networks are entered into the concrete mixing machine together with the additives. Immediately before the end of the pressure pipe, the remaining reinforcing fibers are introduced into the concrete stream, in a likewise known manner by means of a jet pump arrangement. Here, too, the uniform distribution of the individual fibers is ensured because the fiber nets prevent the individual fibers from clumping, sinking or rising.

Obwohl die obige beispielsweise Beschreibung auf die Herstellung eines bewehrten Betonkörpers gerichtet ist, soll festgehalten werden, daß die beschriebene Faserbewehrung auch für Teer- und Bitumenbeläge verwendbar ist, um ein Entstehen großer Risse zu verhindern und ein Rißbild aus feinen Rissen zu erzeugen, in welche Risse kein Wasser eintreten und darin gefrieren kann, so daß bei Straßen etc. Frostschäden weitgehend verhindert werden können.Although the above description is directed, for example, to the manufacture of a reinforced concrete body, it should be noted that the fiber reinforcement described also for tar and Bitumen coverings can be used to prevent large cracks from forming and to generate a crack pattern from fine cracks, into which cracks no water can enter and freeze therein, so that frost damage can largely be prevented on roads etc.

Claims (6)

1. Fibrous reinforcement for structures and coating bound by concrete and bitumen, including at least two different groups of fibre forms, which fibre forms have different fibre lengths and of which at least the one group comprises a plurality of individual fibre nets each in form of a closed fibre net of polypropylene of which the fibres are spring elastic and feature a first length, and which groups of fibre forms prior to their adding to the material to be mixed are jointly present in a condensed form, characterized in that the respective further group of fibre forms is present in form of individual fibres having a second fibre length or in form of a further plurality of individual fibre nets having a second fibre length, which second fibre length differs from the first one and in that the distribution in percent of the amount the fibre lengths of the fibre forms equals the distribution in percent of the amount of the grain sizes of the aggregates used.
2. Fibrous reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous forms comprise various moduli of elasticity, and that the distribution of the in percent of the groups of fibre forms having various moduli of elasticity equals the distribution in percent of the amounts of the aggregates used having various grain sizes.
3. Fibrous reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that two groups of fibre forms are present, of which one group comprises the form of a closed fibre net of polypropylene with spring elastic fibres and the second group contains steel fibres.
4. Fibrous reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein one of the groups of fibre forms comprises the form of a closed fibre net of polypropylene of which the fibres are spring elastic, characterized in that at least one further group comprises glass fibres and/or steel fibres and/or plastic material fibres and/or carbon fibres and/or asbestos fibres and/or natural fibres.
5. Fibrous reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the adding thereof to the materials to be mixed all groups of fibre forms are joined to each other.
6. Fibrous reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibre forms are twisted with each other.
EP80101468A 1979-05-03 1980-03-20 Fibrous reinforcement for cement or bitumen bonded building elements and coverings Expired EP0018491B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80101468T ATE4337T1 (en) 1979-05-03 1980-03-20 FIBROUS REINFORCEMENT FOR CEMENT AND BITUMEN COMPONENTS AND COVERINGS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH415379A CH640593A5 (en) 1979-05-03 1979-05-03 FIBER-SHAPED REINFORCEMENT FOR CEMENT AND BITUMEN-TIED COMPONENTS.
CH4153/79 1979-05-03

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EP0018491A2 EP0018491A2 (en) 1980-11-12
EP0018491A3 EP0018491A3 (en) 1981-01-07
EP0018491B1 true EP0018491B1 (en) 1983-07-27

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EP80101468A Expired EP0018491B1 (en) 1979-05-03 1980-03-20 Fibrous reinforcement for cement or bitumen bonded building elements and coverings

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US (1) US4346135A (en)
EP (1) EP0018491B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE4337T1 (en)
CH (1) CH640593A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3064358D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4662946A (en) * 1982-10-05 1987-05-05 Mercer Frank B Strengthening a matrix
US6753081B1 (en) 2001-02-21 2004-06-22 Forta Corporation Fiber reinforcement material, products made therefrom, and method for making the same
US7168232B2 (en) * 2001-02-21 2007-01-30 Forta Corporation Fiber reinforcement material, products made thereform, and method for making the same
US20090075073A1 (en) * 2006-11-13 2009-03-19 Biddle Daniel T Light weight concrete product containing synthetic fibers
US8114514B1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2012-02-14 Forta Corporation Reinforcement composition and method thereof
US9321686B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-04-26 Forta Corporation Reinforcement fiber coating compositions, methods of making and treating, and uses for improved adhesion to asphalt and portland cement concrete
KR102003670B1 (en) * 2018-08-03 2019-07-25 한국건설기술연구원 Textile reinforced concrete structure using textile grid fixing apparatus, and construction method for the same
AU2019240725B1 (en) * 2019-10-07 2020-08-27 Duy Huu Nguyen Fiber-reinforced concrete – guided distribution methods for fibers in conventional construction

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1429167A (en) * 1972-03-22 1976-03-24 Univ Toronto fibre reinforced composites
US4133928A (en) * 1972-03-22 1979-01-09 The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto Fiber reinforcing composites comprising portland cement having embedded therein precombined absorbent and reinforcing fibers
US4021258A (en) * 1972-09-25 1977-05-03 Teijin Limited Concrete structure and method of preparing same
CH574025A5 (en) * 1974-01-24 1976-03-31 Arnheiter Ag Forta Seilwerke
CA1056178A (en) * 1976-01-19 1979-06-12 Morris Schupack Reinforced panel structures and methods for producing them
FR2389583B1 (en) * 1977-05-05 1984-11-30 Eternit Fab Dansk As

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH640593A5 (en) 1984-01-13
DE3064358D1 (en) 1983-09-01
EP0018491A2 (en) 1980-11-12
US4346135A (en) 1982-08-24
EP0018491A3 (en) 1981-01-07
ATE4337T1 (en) 1983-08-15

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