EP0016490B1 - Method of indirectly aiming an artillery weapon and apparatus for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method of indirectly aiming an artillery weapon and apparatus for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0016490B1
EP0016490B1 EP80200192A EP80200192A EP0016490B1 EP 0016490 B1 EP0016490 B1 EP 0016490B1 EP 80200192 A EP80200192 A EP 80200192A EP 80200192 A EP80200192 A EP 80200192A EP 0016490 B1 EP0016490 B1 EP 0016490B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle
target
computer
weapon
azimuth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80200192A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0016490A1 (en
Inventor
Cornelius Mayer
Jörg Ing. Durrer
Ronald Ing. Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG filed Critical Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Publication of EP0016490A1 publication Critical patent/EP0016490A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0016490B1 publication Critical patent/EP0016490B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41GWEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/14Indirect aiming means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the indirect aiming of a gun arranged on a vehicle at a target with the aid of an electronic computer and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the present invention aims at a significant simplification compared to the known devices in order to avoid errors in the setting and to be able to aim the gun as quickly and “foolproof” as possible.
  • a rocket gun on a platform 1 which is rotatably mounted on a ring 2 about a side direction axis Z.
  • the ring 2 is attached to a vehicle, not shown.
  • An armored housing 3 is arranged on the platform 1 and offers space as an operating space for the shooter.
  • the lateral direction axis Z is located in the longitudinal center plane of the housing 3.
  • a shield pin 4, which is perpendicular to the mentioned longitudinal center plane, is rotatably mounted in two bearing blocks 5 fastened to the platform 1.
  • Tube bundles 6 of a rocket launcher are arranged on both sides of the housing 3 and are attached to the shield pin 4.
  • spindles 7 are provided with which they can be pivoted about the shield pin 4.
  • a directional periscope 8 is pivotally supported in the ceiling 10 of the housing 3 with the aid of a ball joint 9.
  • the center point of the ball joint 9 is on the one hand on the optical axis of the telescopic sight and on the other hand on the lateral directional axis Z of the gun.
  • the view 11 of the directional periscope 8 is located inside the housing 3 and the view 12 of the directional periscope 8 is located above the ceiling 10 of the housing 3.
  • the housing 13 of an electronic computer 14 is attached to the lower end of the directional periscope 8.
  • a ceiling 15 of the housing 13 is perpendicular to the optical axis of the directional periscope 8 and has a circular bubble 16.
  • a carrier 17 is fastened to the housing 3, on which a table 18 is supported.
  • a frame 19 is rotatably mounted, on which a shaft 20 is attached.
  • a gear 21 is fixed, which is in engagement with a second gear 22.
  • the second gear 22 is connected to a third gear 24 via a horizontal shaft 23.
  • This third gear 24 is in engagement with a fourth gear 27, which is connected to a fifth gear 25 via a vertical shaft 26.
  • This fifth gear 25 is in engagement with an internal toothing of the ring 2.
  • the two shafts 23 and 26 are mounted on the platform 1 in a manner not shown.
  • a carriage 28 is slidably mounted in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction axis Z.
  • the carriage 28 forms the guide for a second carriage 29 in a direction which is perpendicular to both the lateral direction axis Z and the direction of movement of the carriage 28.
  • Two threaded spindles 40 and 41 are mounted on the one hand in the frame 19 and on the other hand in the slide 28 and serve to move the two slides 28 and 29 which form a cross table.
  • a carrier 30 is fastened to the slide 29 and has two cheeks 31 which have an axis Wear 32, which is perpendicular to the axis 20.
  • a pivot piece 33 is arranged pivotable about the axis 32 and has a fork-shaped end which is pivotally connected to a second pivot piece 35 by means of an axis 34.
  • the axis 34 is parallel to the axis 32 and perpendicular to another axis 36 which is fastened in the joint piece 35.
  • a third joint piece 37 is pivotable about the axis 36 and is connected to an axis 38 which is mounted in the housing 13 of the computer 14 and carries a code disk 39 at its upper end.
  • the axis 38 is arranged coaxially to the optical axis of the directional periscope 8.
  • the axes 34, 36, 38 intersect at one point.
  • the code disc 39 When the vehicle is horizontal and the gun is strapped to the vehicle, ie if the gun axis is parallel to the vehicle axis, the code disc 39 is in its starting position.
  • a shaft 42 is rotatably mounted parallel to the shield pin 4.
  • One arm 43 is attached to each of the shaft 42 and the shield pin 4 and the two arms 43 are connected to one another via a rod 44.
  • the arms 43 are parallel to each other and their effective parts are of equal length.
  • two stub axles 45 are fastened, the common axis of which intersects the axis of the shaft 42 at right angles and lies in a plane directed at right angles to the optical axis of the directional periscope 8.
  • One end of a fork 46 is articulated to each of the two stub axles 45, the other ends of which are attached to an axis 48 of a joint piece 47.
  • the joint piece 47 is pivotable about an axis 50 which is mounted in a carrier 49.
  • the two axes 48 and 50 are parallel to the stub axles 45.
  • the carrier 49 is rotatably mounted on a connecting piece 51.
  • the axis of rotation of the carrier 49 intersects the optical axis of the directional periscope 8 and is directed at right angles to it.
  • a code disk 52 is fastened to a shaft 53 which is mounted in the housing 13 and is parallel to the connecting piece 51.
  • the shaft 53 is connected to the carrier 49 via a parallelogram linkage 54.
  • a wall 55 of the computer housing 13 has five windows according to FIG. 5.
  • Selector switches 56, 57, 58 are arranged in the three lower windows.
  • Each of these selector switches 56, 57, 58 has four manually adjustable digit rolls, which protrude through the windows to the outside.
  • side angles or azimuth angles and elevation angles of the tube bundle 6 are indicated by luminous digits.
  • a pivoting of the tube bundle 6 about the shield pin axis 4 is transmitted through the parallelogram linkage 43, 44 to the shaft 42 and through this via the tabs 46 the joint piece 47, the carrier 49 and the connecting piece 51 to the parallelogram linkage 54, through which the code disk 52 is driven becomes.
  • the computer 14 determines which the current elevation angle, i. H. the actual values are continuously entered by the scanning device, the difference between the setpoint and the continuously changing actual value of the tube bundle 6 and shows this in the display window 61. As I said, with the difference "0" the gun is aimed. If the gun is tilted, i.e. H.
  • the telescopic sight 8 and thus also the housing 13 of the computer 14 are rotated about its axis in a manner known per se when the tube bundle 6 is being raised, as a result of which a non-zero value appears in the display window 59. Since the shaft 42 is parallel to the inclined axis of elevation, the plane in which the stub axles 45 move during the elevation is inclined to the vertical axis of the directional periscope 8. The fork 46 connected to the stub axles 45 generate via the joint piece 47 and the carrier 49 a rotational movement of the directional periscope 8 about its axis. The gun must then be pivoted again about the lateral direction axis Z until the displayed deviation of the azimuth disappears.
  • the outlook 12 of the aiming periscope 8 is pivoted through 180 °.
  • the directional circle 62 is accordingly sighted with the directional periscope 8 in the direction opposite to the firing direction of the tubes 6.
  • Orientation azimuth A is read at directional circle 62 and transmitted to the tower crew.
  • the straightening with the aid of the computer 14 is otherwise carried out in exactly the same way as in the straightening described above with the aid of an auxiliary target point OA.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum indirekten Richten eines auf einem Fahrzeug angeordneten Geschützes auf ein Ziel mit Hilfe eines elektronischen Rechners und eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for the indirect aiming of a gun arranged on a vehicle at a target with the aid of an electronic computer and a device for carrying out the method.

Aus der DE-A-2311 962 ist es bekannt, eine durch einen Orientierungspunkt gegebene Hilfsrichtung zu bestimmen, zu der ein Zielazimut hinzuaddiert wird, wodurch eine Azimutinformation gebildet wird, entsprechend der das Geschütz ausgerichtet werden kann. Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens werden Anzeigen mit numerischen Zählern und Einrichtungen zum numerischen Addieren von Winkelwerten verwendet. Die errechneten Azimutstellungen können mit den von Codescheiben ermittelten Azimutstellungen des Geschützes verglichen werden.From DE-A-2311 962 it is known to determine an auxiliary direction given by an orientation point, to which a target azimuth is added, whereby an azimuth information is formed according to which the gun can be aligned. Displays with numerical counters and devices for numerically adding angle values are used to carry out the method. The calculated azimuth positions can be compared with the azimuth positions of the gun determined by code disks.

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezweckt eine wesentliche Vereinfachung gegenüber den bekannten Einrichtungen, um Fehler bei der Einstellung zu vermeiden und um das Geschütz möglichst schnell und »narrensicher« richten zu können.The present invention aims at a significant simplification compared to the known devices in order to avoid errors in the setting and to be able to aim the gun as quickly and “foolproof” as possible.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung weisen die in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3 genannten Merkmale auf.The method according to the invention and a device for carrying it out have the features mentioned in claims 1 to 3.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist im folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 ein Raketengeschütz in schaubildlicher Darstellung;
  • Fig. 2 eine Richteinrichtung für das Geschütz in schaubildlicher Darstellung;
  • Fig. 3 eine Darstellung der goniometrischen Zusammenhänge beim autonomen Richten des Geschützes;
  • Fig. 4 eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung für das Richten des Geschützes mit Richtkreis;
  • Fig. 5 eine Ansicht der Schalttafel des elektronischen Rechners mit der Anordnung der Bedienungs- und Anzeigeelemente.
An embodiment of the device according to the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows
  • Figure 1 is a rocket gun in a diagram.
  • Fig. 2 shows a pointing device for the gun in a diagrammatic representation;
  • 3 shows a representation of the goniometric relationships in the autonomous aiming of the gun;
  • 4 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 3 for the aiming of the gun with a sighting circle;
  • Fig. 5 is a view of the control panel of the electronic computer with the arrangement of the controls and indicators.

Gemäß Fig. 1 befindet sich ein Raketengeschütz auf einer Plattform 1, die auf einem Ring 2 um eine Seitenrichtachse Z drehbar gelagert ist. Der Ring 2 ist an einem nicht dargestellten Fahrzeug befestigt. Auf der Plattform 1 ist ein gepanzertes Gehäuse 3 angeordnet, das als Bedienungsraum für den Schützen Platz bietet. In der Längsmittelebene des Gehäuses 3 befindet sich die Seitenrichtachse Z. Ein Schildzapfen 4, der senkrecht zur genannten Längsmittelebene steht, ist in zwei an der Plattform 1 befestigten Lagerböcken 5 drehbar gelagert. Zu beiden Seiten des Gehäuses 3 sind Rohrbündel 6 eines Raketenwerfers angeordnet, die am Schildzapfen 4 befestigt sind. Zur Elevation der Rohrbündel 6 sind Spindeln 7 vorhanden, mit denen sie um den Schildzapfen 4 schwenkbar sind.1, there is a rocket gun on a platform 1 which is rotatably mounted on a ring 2 about a side direction axis Z. The ring 2 is attached to a vehicle, not shown. An armored housing 3 is arranged on the platform 1 and offers space as an operating space for the shooter. The lateral direction axis Z is located in the longitudinal center plane of the housing 3. A shield pin 4, which is perpendicular to the mentioned longitudinal center plane, is rotatably mounted in two bearing blocks 5 fastened to the platform 1. Tube bundles 6 of a rocket launcher are arranged on both sides of the housing 3 and are attached to the shield pin 4. For the elevation of the tube bundle 6, spindles 7 are provided with which they can be pivoted about the shield pin 4.

Gemäß Fig. 2 ist ein Richtperiskop 8 mit Hilfe eines Kugelgelenkes 9 allseitig schwenkbar in der Decke 10 des Gehäuses 3 gelagert. Der Mittelpunkt des Kugelgelenkes 9 befindet sich einerseits auf der optischen Achse des Richtfernrohres und andererseits auf der Seitenrichtachse Z des Geschützes. Der Einblick 11 des Richtperiskops 8 befindet sich im Inneren des Gehäuses 3 und der Ausblick 12 des Richtperiskops 8 befindet sich über der Decke 10 des Gehäuses 3. Das Gehäuse 13 eines elektronischen Rechners 14 ist am unteren Ende des Richtperiskops 8 befestigt. Eine Decke 15 des Gehäuses 13 steht senkrecht zur optischen Achse des Richtperiskops 8 und weist eine Dosenlibelle 16 auf.2, a directional periscope 8 is pivotally supported in the ceiling 10 of the housing 3 with the aid of a ball joint 9. The center point of the ball joint 9 is on the one hand on the optical axis of the telescopic sight and on the other hand on the lateral directional axis Z of the gun. The view 11 of the directional periscope 8 is located inside the housing 3 and the view 12 of the directional periscope 8 is located above the ceiling 10 of the housing 3. The housing 13 of an electronic computer 14 is attached to the lower end of the directional periscope 8. A ceiling 15 of the housing 13 is perpendicular to the optical axis of the directional periscope 8 and has a circular bubble 16.

An dem Gehäuse 3 ist ein Träger 17 befestigt, auf dem sich ein Tisch 18 abstützt. Auf diesem Tisch 18 ist ein Rahmen 19 drehbar gelagert, an dem eine Welle 20 befestigt ist. Am unteren Ende der Welle 20 ist ein Zahnrad 21 befestigt, das mit einem zweiten Zahnrad 22 in Eingriff steht. Das zweite Zahnrad 22 ist über eine horizontale Welle 23 mit einem dritten Zahnrad 24 verbunden. Dieses dritte Zahnrad 24 steht mit einem vierten Zahnrad 27 in Eingriff, das über eine vertikale Welle 26 mit einem fünften Zahnrad 25 verbunden ist. Dieses fünfte Zahnrad 25 steht mit einer Innenverzahnung des Ringes 2 in Eingriff. Die beiden Wellen 23 und 26 sind in nicht dargestellter Weise auf der Plattform 1 gelagert.A carrier 17 is fastened to the housing 3, on which a table 18 is supported. On this table 18, a frame 19 is rotatably mounted, on which a shaft 20 is attached. At the lower end of the shaft 20, a gear 21 is fixed, which is in engagement with a second gear 22. The second gear 22 is connected to a third gear 24 via a horizontal shaft 23. This third gear 24 is in engagement with a fourth gear 27, which is connected to a fifth gear 25 via a vertical shaft 26. This fifth gear 25 is in engagement with an internal toothing of the ring 2. The two shafts 23 and 26 are mounted on the platform 1 in a manner not shown.

Im Rahmen 19 ist ein Schlitten 28 in einer Richtung senkrecht zur Seitenrichtachse Z verschiebbar gelagert. Der Schlitten 28 bildet die Führung für einen zweiten Schlitten 29 in einer Richtung, die sowohl zur Seitenrichtachse Z als auch zur Bewegungsrichtung des Schlittens 28 senkrecht gerichtet ist. Zwei Gewindespindeln 40 und 41 sind einerseits im Rahmen 19 und andererseits im Schlitten 28 gelagert und dienen zur Verschiebung der beiden, einen Kreuztisch bildenden Schlitten 28 und 29. Auf dem Schlitten 29 ist ein Träger 30 befestigt, der zwei Wangen 31 aufweist, die eine Achse 32 tragen, welche senkrecht zur Achse 20 steht. Um die Achse 32 schwenkbar ist ein Gelenkstück 33 angeordnet, das ein gabelförmiges Ende aufweist, welches mittels einer Achse 34 gelenkig mit einem zweiten Gelenkstück 35 verbunden ist. Die Achse 34 ist parallel zur Achse 32 und rechtwinklig zu einer weiteren Achse 36 gerichtet, welche im Gelenkstück 35 befestigt ist. Um die Achse 36 schwenkbar ist ein drittes Gelenkstück 37, das mit einer Achse 38 verbunden ist, die in dem Gehäuse 13 des Rechners 14 gelagert ist und an ihrem oberen Ende eine Codescheibe 39 trägt. Die Achse 38 ist koaxial zur optischen Achse des Richtperiskops 8 angeordnet. Die Achsen 34, 36, 38 schneiden sich in einem Punkt.In the frame 19, a carriage 28 is slidably mounted in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction axis Z. The carriage 28 forms the guide for a second carriage 29 in a direction which is perpendicular to both the lateral direction axis Z and the direction of movement of the carriage 28. Two threaded spindles 40 and 41 are mounted on the one hand in the frame 19 and on the other hand in the slide 28 and serve to move the two slides 28 and 29 which form a cross table. A carrier 30 is fastened to the slide 29 and has two cheeks 31 which have an axis Wear 32, which is perpendicular to the axis 20. A pivot piece 33 is arranged pivotable about the axis 32 and has a fork-shaped end which is pivotally connected to a second pivot piece 35 by means of an axis 34. The axis 34 is parallel to the axis 32 and perpendicular to another axis 36 which is fastened in the joint piece 35. A third joint piece 37 is pivotable about the axis 36 and is connected to an axis 38 which is mounted in the housing 13 of the computer 14 and carries a code disk 39 at its upper end. The axis 38 is arranged coaxially to the optical axis of the directional periscope 8. The axes 34, 36, 38 intersect at one point.

Wenn das Fahrzeug horizontal steht und das Geschütz auf dem Fahrzeug gezurrt ist, d. h. wenn die Geschützachse parallel zur Fahrzeugachse steht, befindet sich die Codescheibe 39 in ihrerAusgangslage.When the vehicle is horizontal and the gun is strapped to the vehicle, ie if the gun axis is parallel to the vehicle axis, the code disc 39 is in its starting position.

In einer Seitenwand des Gehäusess 3 ist eine Welle 42 parallel zum Schildzapfen 4 drehbar gelagert. An der Welle 42 und am Schildzapfen 4 ist je ein Arm 43 befestigt und die beiden Arme 43 sind über eine Stange 44 miteinander verbunden. Die Arme 43 sind parallel zueinander und ihre wirksamen Teile sind gleich lang. An der Welle 42 sind zwei Achsstummel 45 befestigt, deren gemeinsame Achse die Achse der Welle 42 rechtwinklig schneidet und in einer rechtwinklig zur optischen Achse des Richtperiskops 8 gerichteten Ebene liegt. An jedem der beiden Achsstummeln 45 ist je ein Ende einer Gabel 46 angelenkt, deren andere Enden an einer Achse 48 eines Gelenkstückes 47 befestigt sind. Das Gelenkstück 47 ist um eine Achse 50 schwenkbar, die in einem Träger 49 gelagert ist. Die beiden Achsen 48 und 50 sind parallel zu den Achsstummeln 45. Der Träger 49 ist auf einem Verbindungsstück 51 drehbar gelagert. Die Drehachse des Trägers 49 schneidet die optische Achse des Richtperiskops 8 und ist rechtwinklig zu dieser gerichtet. Im Gehäuse 13 des Rechners ist eine Codescheibe 52 an einer im Gehäuse 13 gelagerten Welle 53 befestigt, die parallel zum Verbindungsstück 51 ist. Die Welle 53 steht über ein Parallelogrammgestänge 54 mit dem Träger 49 in Antriebsverbindung.In a side wall of the housing 3, a shaft 42 is rotatably mounted parallel to the shield pin 4. One arm 43 is attached to each of the shaft 42 and the shield pin 4 and the two arms 43 are connected to one another via a rod 44. The arms 43 are parallel to each other and their effective parts are of equal length. On the shaft 42, two stub axles 45 are fastened, the common axis of which intersects the axis of the shaft 42 at right angles and lies in a plane directed at right angles to the optical axis of the directional periscope 8. One end of a fork 46 is articulated to each of the two stub axles 45, the other ends of which are attached to an axis 48 of a joint piece 47. The joint piece 47 is pivotable about an axis 50 which is mounted in a carrier 49. The two axes 48 and 50 are parallel to the stub axles 45. The carrier 49 is rotatably mounted on a connecting piece 51. The axis of rotation of the carrier 49 intersects the optical axis of the directional periscope 8 and is directed at right angles to it. In the housing 13 of the computer, a code disk 52 is fastened to a shaft 53 which is mounted in the housing 13 and is parallel to the connecting piece 51. The shaft 53 is connected to the carrier 49 via a parallelogram linkage 54.

Eine Wand 55 des Rechnergehäuses 13 weist gemäß Fig. 5 fünf Fenster auf. In den drei unteren Fenstern sind nicht genauer dargestellte Wählschalter 56, 57, 58 angeordnet. Jeder dieser Wählschalter 56, 57, 58 weist vier von Hand verstellbare Ziffernrollen auf, welche durch die Fenster hindurch nach außen ragen. In den beiden oberen Fenstern 59 und 61 werden Seitenwinkel oder Azimutwinkel und Elevationswinkel der Rohrbündel 6 durch Leuchtziffern angezeigt.A wall 55 of the computer housing 13 has five windows according to FIG. 5. Selector switches 56, 57, 58 (not shown in more detail) are arranged in the three lower windows. Each of these selector switches 56, 57, 58 has four manually adjustable digit rolls, which protrude through the windows to the outside. In the two upper windows 59 and 61, side angles or azimuth angles and elevation angles of the tube bundle 6 are indicated by luminous digits.

Gemäß Fig. 3 und 4 sind folgende Winkel von Bedeutung:

  • 1. Das Azimut ist der im Uhrzeigersinn gemessene, in Artilleriepromille 0-6400 ausgedrückte Winkel zwischen Nordrichtung und einer weiteren Richtung.
  • 2. Das Fahrzeugazimut F ist der Winkel zwischen Nordrichtung N und Fahrzeugachse 60.
  • 3. Das Werferazimut A ist der Winkel zwischen dem Werfer oder Rohrbündel 6 und der Nordrichtung N.
  • 4. Das Zielazimut Z ist der Winkel zwischen Nordrichtung N und Zielrichtung ZA.
  • 5. Das Orientierungsazimut A ist der Winkel zwischen Nordrichtung N und einem Hilfszielpunkt oder Orientierungspunkt OA.
  • 6. Das Encoder-Azimut β ist der Winkel zwischen Fahrzeugachse 60 und Werfer oder Rohrbündelachse 6.
  • 7. Das Anzeige-Azimut ist der in dem Fenster 59 angezeigte Azimut.
3 and 4, the following angles are important:
  • 1. The azimuth is the clockwise angle, expressed in artillery per mille 0-6400, between the north direction and another direction.
  • 2. The vehicle azimuth F is the angle between the north direction N and the vehicle axis 60.
  • 3. The launcher azimuth A is the angle between the launcher or tube bundle 6 and the north direction N.
  • 4. The target azimuth Z is the angle between the north direction N and the target direction ZA.
  • 5. The orientation azimuth A is the angle between the north direction N and an auxiliary target point or orientation point OA.
  • 6. The encoder azimuth β is the angle between the vehicle axis 60 and the launcher or tube bundle axis 6.
  • 7. The display azimuth is the azimuth displayed in window 59.

Die Wirkungsweise der beschriebenen Einrichtung ist wie folgt:

  • 1. Zum indirekten Richten des Geschützes mit Hilfe einer topografischen Karte wird zuerst die optische Achse des Richtperiskops 8 senkrecht gestellt, indem mit Hilfe der Gewindespindeln 40 und 41 die beiden Schlitten 28, 29 des Kreuztisches so lange verschoben werden, bis die Dosenlibelle 16 die senkrechte Stellung anzeigt, wobei das Richtperiskop 8 um den Mittelpunkt des Gelenkes 9 verschwenkt wird.
  • 2. Auf der erwähnten topografischen Karte wird das Orientierungsazimut A (Fig. 3) gemessen. Der im Uhrzeigersinne in Artillerie-Promille gemessene Winkel A zwischen der Kartennordrichtung N und der Verbindungslinie zwischen Hilfszielpunkt OA und dem Geschützstandort wird an dem mit »Orientierung« bezeichneten Schalter 56 des Rechners 14 eingestellt.
  • 3. Das Geschütz wird um die Seitenrichtachse Z um den Winkel y aus der gezurten Stellung, d. h. aus der Richtung der Fahrzeugachse 60 in die Richtung des Hilfszielpunktes OA geschwenkt. Als Hilfszielpunkte kommen Objekte in Frage, die einerseits mit dem Richtperiskop 8 deutlich erkennbar sind und sich daher leicht anvisieren lassen und die andererseits auf der topografischen Karte leicht bestimmbar sind. Auf der topografischen Karte muß sich auch der Geschützstandort eindeutig bestimmen lassen. Vorzugsweise sollen solche Hilfszielpunkte z. B. trigonometrische Signale der Landesvermessung, Kirchtürme, Bergspitzen mindestens etwa 5 km vom Geschützstandort entfernt sein.
    Beim Schwenken des Geschützes wird das Stirnrad 25 auf dem Zahnkranz des Ringes 2 abgewälzt und dreht dabei über die Welle 26, die Räder 27, 24, die Welle 23, die Räder 22, 21 und die Welle 20 den Rahmen 19 gegenüber dem Tisch 18 um den negativen Winkel y, während das Geschütz um den positiven Winkel y geschwenkt wird. Somit sind die gleichzeitig vom Rahmen 19 und vom Geschütz zurückgelegten Schwenkwinkel entgegengesetzt gleich groß, d. h. der Rahmen 19 und der von diesem getragene Kreuztisch 28, 29 und damit auch die Achse 38 mit der Codescheibe 39 ändern bei der Drehung des Geschützes ihre Lage gegenüber der Nordrichtung N nicht. Hingegen wird das Gehäuse 13 des Rechners bei der Schwenkung des Geschützes um die Seitenrichtachse Z mitgeschwenkt und ändert somit seine Lage gegenüber der Codescheibe 39 um den Winkel y. Dieser Winkel y wird fotoelektrisch auf der Codescheibe 39 abgetastet und dem Rechner eingegeben.
  • 4. Der Rechner 14 ist nun in der Lage, den in Punkt 3 beschriebenen Schwenkwinkel y von dem in Punkt 2 beschriebenen Orientierungswinkel A zu subrahieren. Diese Differenz A-y dieser beiden Winkel A und y stellt gemäß Fig. 3 das Fahrzeugazimut F dar, d. h. den Winkel zwischen Nordrichtung N und Fahrzeugachse 60. Dieser Winkel F wird im Rechner 14 gespeichert.
  • 5. Auf der topografischen Karte wird der Winkel Z zwischen Kartennordrichtung N und der Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Zielpunkt ZA und dem Geschützstandort gemessen, d. h. das Zielazimut wird bestimmt und an dem mit »Azimut« bezeichneten Wählschalter 57 des Rechners 14 von Hand eingestellt.
  • 6. Der Rechner 14 ist nun in der Lage, aus dem gemäß Punkt 4 gespeicherten Fahrzeugazimut F und dem gemäß Punkt 5 eingestellten Zielazimut Z den Winkel β (gemäß F i g. 3) zu berechnen.
  • 7. Im Anzeigefenster 59 erscheint der Winkel β+γ, d. h. es wird angezeigt, um welchen Winkel das Geschütz von der gewünschten Zielrichtung abweicht.
  • 8. Das Geschütz wird im Gegenuhrzeigersinne so lange gedreht, bis im Anzeigefenster 59 der Wert »0« erscheint, dadurch ist das Geschütz in Seitenrichtung auf das Ziel gerichtet.
  • 9. Der zur Bekämpfung eines Zieles erforderliche Elevationswinkel der Rohrbündel 6 wird an dem mit »Elevation« bezeichneten Wählschalter 58 eingestellt. Wenn die Rohrbündel 6 horizontal liegen, wird an der Codescheibe 52 durch eine Abtasteinrichtung des Rechners 14 der Wert Null abgelesen und im Anzeigefenster 61 erscheint der Elevationswinkel.
  • 10. Die Rohrbündel 6 müssen nun so lange geschwenkt werden, bis im Anzeigefenster 61 der Wert »0« erscheint, dadurch ist das Geschütz auch in Hohenrichtung auf das Ziel gerichtet.
The described device works as follows:
  • 1. For indirect aiming of the gun with the aid of a topographical map, the optical axis of the aiming periscope 8 is first placed vertically, by means of the threaded spindles 40 and 41, the two slides 28, 29 of the cross table are moved until the circular level 16 has the vertical one Indicates position, the directional periscope 8 is pivoted about the center of the joint 9.
  • 2. The orientation azimuth A (FIG. 3) is measured on the topographic map mentioned. The angle A, measured clockwise in artillery per mille, between the north of the map N and the connecting line between the auxiliary target point OA and the gun site is set at the switch 56 of the computer 14 labeled “Orientation”.
  • 3. The gun is pivoted about the lateral directional axis Z by the angle y from the adjusted position, ie from the direction of the vehicle axis 60 in the direction of the auxiliary target point OA. Objects that are clearly recognizable with the directional periscope 8 and can therefore be easily sighted and that are easily identifiable on the topographic map can be used as auxiliary target points. The location of the gun must also be clearly identified on the topographic map. Such auxiliary target points should preferably be, for. B. trigonometric signals of the state survey, church towers, mountain peaks at least about 5 km from the gun site.
    When the gun is pivoted, the spur gear 25 is rolled on the ring gear of the ring 2 and rotates the frame 19 relative to the table 18 via the shaft 26, the wheels 27, 24, the shaft 23, the wheels 22, 21 and the shaft 20 the negative angle y while the gun is pivoted by the positive angle y. Thus, the swivel angles covered simultaneously by the frame 19 and the gun are the same size, ie the frame 19 and the cross table 28, 29 carried by it and thus also the axis 38 with the code disk 39 change their position with respect to the north direction when the gun is rotated N not. On the other hand, the housing 13 of the computer is also pivoted when the gun is pivoted about the lateral direction axis Z and thus changes its position relative to the code disk 39 by the angle y. This angle y is scanned photoelectrically on the code disk 39 and input to the computer.
  • 4. The computer 14 is now capable of the pivot angle y described in point 3 from the orientation described in point 2 subtract angle A. 3 represents the vehicle azimuth F, ie the angle between the north direction N and the vehicle axis 60. This angle F is stored in the computer 14.
  • 5. The angle Z between the north of the map N and the connecting line between the target point ZA and the gun site is measured on the topographic map, ie the target azimuth is determined and set manually at the selector switch 57 of the computer 14 labeled “Azimuth”.
  • 6. The computer 14 is now able to calculate the angle β (according to FIG. 3) from the vehicle azimuth F stored according to point 4 and the target azimuth Z set according to point 5.
  • 7. The angle β + γ appears in the display window 59, ie it is shown by which angle the gun deviates from the desired target direction.
  • 8. The gun is rotated counter-clockwise until the value "0" appears in the display window 59, as a result of which the gun is aimed at the target in the lateral direction.
  • 9. The elevation angle of the tube bundle 6 required to combat a target is set on the selector switch 58 designated “elevation”. If the tube bundles 6 are horizontal, the value zero is read on the code disk 52 by a scanning device of the computer 14 and the elevation angle appears in the display window 61.
  • 10. The tube bundles 6 must now be pivoted until the value "0" appears in the display window 61, as a result of which the gun is also aimed at the target in the vertical direction.

Eine Schwenkung der Rohrbündel 6 um die Schildzapfenachse 4 wird durch das Parallelogrammgestänge 43, 44 auf die Welle 42 und durch diese über die Laschen 46 das Gelenkstück 47, den Träger 49 und das Verbindungsstück 51 auf das Parallelogrammgestänge 54 übertragen, durch welches die Codescheibe 52 angetrieben wird. Während der Bewegung der Rohrbündel 6 in die Zielelevation bestimmt der Rechner 14, dem die momentanen Elevationswinkel, d. h. die Istwerte laufend durch die Abtasteinrichtung eingegeben werden, die Differenz zwischen dem eingestellten Sollwert und sich laufend ändernden Istwert der Rohrbündel 6 und zeigt dies im Anzeigefenster 61 an. Wie gesagt ist bei der Differenz »0« das Geschütz ins Ziel gerichtet. Bei verkantetem Geschütz, d. h. wenn die Elevationsachse 4 gegen die Horizontale geneigt ist, wird in an sich bekannter Weise beim Elevieren der Rohrbündel 6 das Richtfernrohr 8 und damit auch das Gehäuse 13 des Rechners 14 um seine Achse gedreht, wodurch im Anzeigefenster 59 ein von Null verschiedener Wert erscheint. Da die Welle 42 der geneigten Elevationsachse parallel ist, ist die Ebene, in welcher sich die Achsstummel 45 während des Elevierens bewegen, geneigt zur senkrechten Achse des Richtperiskops 8. Die mit den Achsstummeln 45 verbundene Gabel 46 erzeugen über das Gelenkstück 47 und den Träger 49 eine Drehbewegung des Richtperiskops 8 um seine Achse. Anschließend muß das Geschütz wieder um die Seitenrichtachse Z geschwenkt werden, bis die angezeigte Abweichung des Azimuts verschwindet.A pivoting of the tube bundle 6 about the shield pin axis 4 is transmitted through the parallelogram linkage 43, 44 to the shaft 42 and through this via the tabs 46 the joint piece 47, the carrier 49 and the connecting piece 51 to the parallelogram linkage 54, through which the code disk 52 is driven becomes. During the movement of the tube bundles 6 into the target elevation, the computer 14 determines which the current elevation angle, i. H. the actual values are continuously entered by the scanning device, the difference between the setpoint and the continuously changing actual value of the tube bundle 6 and shows this in the display window 61. As I said, with the difference "0" the gun is aimed. If the gun is tilted, i.e. H. If the elevation axis 4 is inclined to the horizontal, the telescopic sight 8 and thus also the housing 13 of the computer 14 are rotated about its axis in a manner known per se when the tube bundle 6 is being raised, as a result of which a non-zero value appears in the display window 59. Since the shaft 42 is parallel to the inclined axis of elevation, the plane in which the stub axles 45 move during the elevation is inclined to the vertical axis of the directional periscope 8. The fork 46 connected to the stub axles 45 generate via the joint piece 47 and the carrier 49 a rotational movement of the directional periscope 8 about its axis. The gun must then be pivoted again about the lateral direction axis Z until the displayed deviation of the azimuth disappears.

Zum Richten des Geschützes mit einem orientierten Richtkreis 62 gemäß Fig. 4 wird der Ausblick 12 des Richtperiskops 8 um 180° geschwenkt. Der Richtkreis 62 wird demzufolge mit dem Richtperiskop 8 in der zur Schußrichtung der Rohre 6 entgegengesetzten Richtung anvisiert. Der Orientierungsazimut A wird am Richtkreis 62 abgelesen und der Turmbesatzung übermittelt. Das Richten mit Hilfe des Rechners 14 erfolgt sonst in genau gleicher Weise wie beim vorstehend beschriebenen Richten mit Hilfe eines Hilfszielpunktes OA.In order to aim the gun with an oriented aiming circle 62 according to FIG. 4, the outlook 12 of the aiming periscope 8 is pivoted through 180 °. The directional circle 62 is accordingly sighted with the directional periscope 8 in the direction opposite to the firing direction of the tubes 6. Orientation azimuth A is read at directional circle 62 and transmitted to the tower crew. The straightening with the aid of the computer 14 is otherwise carried out in exactly the same way as in the straightening described above with the aid of an auxiliary target point OA.

Claims (4)

1. Method for the indirect laying of a weapon, arranged upon a vehicle, at a target with the aid of an electronic computer, comprising the steps of:
1. Determining the orientation of the vehicule by:
1.1 Inputting to the computer a value representative of a predetermined orientation azimuth (A) between a reference direction (N) and an auxiliary direction given by an auxiliary target point (OA),
1.2 pivoting the weapon between the vehicle axis (60) and the auxiliary direction and measuring the pivot angle (y),
1.3 subtracting by means of the computer the measured pivot angle (y) from the inputted orientation azimuth (A) and storing in the computer the vehicle azimuth (F) obtained by the subtraction steps,
2. Laying the weapon at the target by:
2.1 infeeding to the computer a value representative of a predetermined target azimuth (Z) between the reference direction (N) and the target direction (ZA),
2.2 computing the angle (j3) between the target direction (ZA) and the vehicle axis (60) by means of the computer,
2.3 displaying the sum of the computed angle (j3) between the target direction and the vehicle axis (60) and the angle between the present (momentary) position of the weapon and the vehicle axis (60), and
2.4 pivoting the weapon out of the auxiliary direction to the target direction until the display shows the value null.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 comprising further the steps of:
3.1 inputting to the computer a value representative of the elevation angle of the target,
3.2 directing the weapon to the horizon,
4. displaying at a second numerical display for indicating the elevation of the weapon a value representative of the difference between the effective elevation angle of the weapon and the elevation angle of the target.
3. An apparatus for accomplish the method as defined in claim 2, comprising
- a first selector switch (56) for inputting to the computer a value representative of an orientation azimuth angle (A),
- a second selector switch (57) for inputting to the computer a value representative of a target-azimuth angle (Z),
- a third selector switch (58) for inputting to the computer a value representative of a target elevation angle,
- a first numerical display (59) for indicating according the method-steps 2, and 4,
- a second numerical display (61) for indicating the difference angle according the method-step 4,
- a first code disk (39) for measuring the azimuth pivot angle of the weapon,
- a second code disk (52) for measuring the elevation angle.
EP80200192A 1979-03-23 1980-03-03 Method of indirectly aiming an artillery weapon and apparatus for carrying out the method Expired EP0016490B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH273879 1979-03-23
CH2738/79 1979-03-23

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EP0016490B1 true EP0016490B1 (en) 1983-04-13

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EP (1) EP0016490B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3062672D1 (en)

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US4741245A (en) * 1986-10-03 1988-05-03 Dkm Enterprises Method and apparatus for aiming artillery with GPS NAVSTAR
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US5481957A (en) * 1992-07-06 1996-01-09 Alliedsignal Inc. Aiming and pointing system for ground based weapons equipment
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US6820531B1 (en) * 2003-12-01 2004-11-23 Textron Systems Corporation Positioning system with continuous-range inclination and rotation angles
US8646374B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2014-02-11 Raytheon Company Weapon station and associated method
US8172139B1 (en) 2010-11-22 2012-05-08 Bitterroot Advance Ballistics Research, LLC Ballistic ranging methods and systems for inclined shooting
FR3019279B1 (en) 2014-03-28 2018-06-22 Safran Electronics & Defense OPTRONIC ARMY TURTLE
CN108050887B (en) * 2017-10-30 2022-06-10 中国北方车辆研究所 Compensation method and system for translation of aiming line of fire control system of tank armored vehicle
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US4409468A (en) 1983-10-11
EP0016490A1 (en) 1980-10-01
DE3062672D1 (en) 1983-05-19

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