EP0005445B1 - Method and apparatus for shredding material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for shredding material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0005445B1
EP0005445B1 EP79101074A EP79101074A EP0005445B1 EP 0005445 B1 EP0005445 B1 EP 0005445B1 EP 79101074 A EP79101074 A EP 79101074A EP 79101074 A EP79101074 A EP 79101074A EP 0005445 B1 EP0005445 B1 EP 0005445B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw
disintegrating
machine
substantially parallel
disintegrating element
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79101074A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0005445A1 (en
Inventor
Anders Gustaf Svengren
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Frisco Findus AG
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Frisco Findus AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0005445A1 publication Critical patent/EP0005445A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/20—Disintegrating by grating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/26—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with knives which both reciprocate and rotate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for disintegrating matter and particularly foodstuffs.
  • the device is mainly intended for the disintegration of foodstuffs in the form of larger pieces or blocks, such as sausages and compressed meats, and in the first place cheese.
  • US Patent No. 3,811,627 relates to a pigment rod mill intended to be incorporated into a plastic material by means of a rotary grating cylinder against which the material is advanced. It should be noted that the milling cylinder only performs a rotational movement, its axis being fixed and is not driven back and forth. The material to be cut is forced into a narrow longitudinal passage 412 (Fig. 1) which would cause blockage for a material with a sticky consistency such as a cheese with a high fat content or a piece of cold meats. This device would not solve the problem of simultaneous debitage and metering of such products on moving objects.
  • US Patent No. 3,831,866 relates to a device for grating conventional cheese comprising a flat grater performing a back-and-forth movement against a block of cheese.
  • This device does not include a rotary cutting member. It is undoubtedly suitable for hard and dry cheeses but would not be usable for soft and sticky cheeses with a high fat content which would quickly fill the holes in the grater. Consequently, it would not be able to carry out the disintegration and the determination reliably simultaneously.
  • the present invention makes it possible to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to obtain a uniform disintegration of foodstuffs which were previously difficult to use from this point of view.
  • the process and the device according to the invention are specially suitable for the disintegration of cheese, but also other foodstuffs in pieces, such as minced meat and pressed ham, can advantageously be disintegrated according to the invention.
  • the devices already known for disintegrating different foodstuffs into pieces have most often been of completely different models, depending on the type of foodstuff to be processed. It would be highly desirable from a practical and economical point of view that different types of food could be processed essentially in the same apparatus, in which only a few parts would need to be replaced to adapt to the different mechanical and rheological properties of different food.
  • the present invention achieves this object, and the same apparatus can be used for different foodstuffs, such as cheeses, meats and cold meats, for example pressed ham and minced meat, sausages being larger sausages alone, or several small sets, and other materials, only the organs used for the disintegration itself need to be specially adapted to the type of foodstuff treated.
  • the invention therefore relates to a material disintegration method, in which the material is advanced towards a driven disintegration member, which is caused to perform an alternating movement substantially parallel to a surface of the material, with simultaneous cutting of material from this surface.
  • the driven disintegration member is constituted by a rotary screw whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the worked surface and whose thread is provided with a cutting edge which is directed forward in the axial direction where the thread seems to move when the screw turns.
  • the invention also relates to a material disintegration device comprising a disintegrating member driven and arranged to receive an alternating movement substantially parallel to a surface of the material with simultaneous cutting of material from this surface as well as a transport device for advancing the material towards the disintegrating member, characterized in that the driven disintegrating member is constituted by a rotary screw whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the worked surface and whose spinning is provided with a cutting edge which is directed forward in the axial direction in which the thread seems to move when the screw rotates.
  • the screw is provided with .two threads in opposite directions, the two directions of threading each occupying part of the length of the screw, preferably each half.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the disintegration member
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of a detail of the disintegration member according to FIG. 2.
  • the device consists in its main parts of a frame 1 supporting a transporter 2 for a foodstuff in the form of a block 3, for example a cheese.
  • Guide devices 4 are also arranged for correct feeding.
  • the conveyor is preferably in the form of a chain transporter with a toothed conveyor chain 5 and is driven by a ratchet mechanism 6, the control arm 7 of which is actuated by a compressed air cylinder 8.
  • a disintegrating member 9 is driven by a motor 12 by means of the pinion 10 via the intermediate wheel 11.
  • the disintegrating member is indicated as a rotary cutting member, and especially as a rotary screw of the type shown on fig. 2.
  • the cutting member is brought in front of the front surface 13 of the foodstuff block and is fixed to a support 14, and everything is together can be moved up or down along the guide bars 15 by means of the piston rod 16.
  • the displacement is carried out by means of the apparatus 17 shown diagrammatically and which is controlled by the adjustment unit 18.
  • the particles 19 of the foodstuff which are obtained during disintegration fall by the hopper 20 on a food product 21, for example a pizza, which is brought by a conveyor, for example a conveyor belt, which is indicated at 22.
  • a detector 23, which acts on the adjustment unit 18, makes it possible to ensure that no disintegration occurs if there is nothing on the conveyor belt to receive the disintegrated product.
  • the adjustment unit 18 makes it possible to control both the advancement of the conveyor 2 as well as the transport and the drive of the torque member 9 so that an appropriate length of the foodstuff block 3 is advanced when the member cutting is in its upper position, or in its lower position, after which, the cutting member is lowered, or mounted, and driven so that the disintegration occurs.
  • the ratchet mechanism 6 prevents the food entry block from rebounding during the action of the cutting member. It is not always necessary that the cutting member is only driven when it is lowered, or mounted, but this constitutes a preferred embodiment.
  • the drive of the conveyor 2, of the disintegration member 9 and of the upward and downward movement of the latter can be electric or hydraulic, but is preferably pneumatic.
  • the reason for this is that a device for treating food is often placed in a humid atmosphere, and must be capable of being thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, for example by means of high pressure washing. This can then lead to difficulties for an electrical device, in the form of short-circuits and spurts, which can also involve risks for personnel.
  • Adjustment units for controlling pneumatic apparatus as described here are already known to those skilled in the art and the latter can assemble them from commercially available units. Hydraulic equipment can be used provided that a hydraulic fluid compatible from the point of view of food technology, for example edible oil, is used.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show a specially preferred embodiment of the disintegration member according to the invention.
  • this disintegration member has the form of a screw 51 with a drive end 52 and a bearing end 53.
  • the screw is provided with a thread 54 which, according to the specially preferred embodiment which is shown in the drawing, is divided into a part turning to the right 54a and a part turning to the left 54b.
  • FIG. 3 which is a section along line A-A of FIG. 2
  • the thread has a cross section essentially in the shape of a trapezoid and has a cutting edge 55 at one of its upper edges which has a certain relief angle 56 in the axial direction of the screw.
  • a certain number of advantages are obtained by dividing the thread of the screw into two parts facing one another, which are therefore homothetic.
  • the material delivered will be brought to the middle of the screw to be collected there before falling into the hopper, so that there is less risk of loss.
  • the disintegrated material will be remixed and this can be taken advantage of in that several smaller blocks of material of different kinds, for example different kinds of cheese, can be brought next to each other and, simultaneously, disintegrated and remixed. Thanks to threads in opposite directions, a balance is finally obtained axial stresses on the bearings of the screw at the two ends thereof.
  • the screw thread is divided into two parts of opposite directions, and that only one thread direction can also be used.
  • the disintegrated material is then sent to one of the sides in the direction of movement of the thread, to be collected therein in an appropriate manner.
  • the degree of disintegration of the processed food product is determined by the shape, size and speed of the screw.
  • foodstuffs such as cheese, pressed ham and frozen meat can be disintegrated in the form of more or less fine shavings or the like. It has been found that a higher speed of the screw and a lower speed of movement of the screw in the vertical direction gives thinner shavings.
  • a suitable regime has been found to be 3000-4000 rpm. and an appropriate speed in the vertical direction, 5-20 cm / sec. However, values outside these ranges can be used, and can be determined by a person skilled in the art for adaptation to the consistency of the material treated in each case.
  • a thread diameter of 2-5 cm is suitable and particularly satisfactory results have been obtained with a diameter of approximately 3 cm.
  • the diameter of the screw determines the width of the shavings formed, so that a larger diameter gives wider shavings.
  • the thread pitch of the screw is also important and here it turned out that a value of 3-6 cm / turn was appropriate. If the pitch exceeds about 6 cm, the material leaves the screw badly, while a too small pitch gives very small chips.
  • the cutting edge on the screw thread can have a clearance angle of 0-5 degrees and here a value of around 2 degrees has been found suitable.
  • the length of the portion which delivers is not particularly critical, but can be adapted to possibly standardized dimensions of the foodstuffs in pieces which are processed.
  • Each of the screw threads can also have several inlets, which makes it possible to have a plurality of threads oriented in each direction. This results in further disintegration.
  • the feed rate of the disintegrated material is important, so that a higher feed rate results in larger material chips.
  • the material is advanced intermittently when the disintegration member is in its upper position, and an advance of approximately 3 mm per stroke has given good results under normal conditions.
  • the direct metering of material which is obtained with a screw as a cutting member according to the invention makes it possible to avoid any other handling of the disintegrated material, which saves work and reduces material losses.
  • a satisfactory and uniform spreading of the disintegrated material is obtained in that the latter descends into a hopper to fall on a prepared food product, for example a pizza or a gratin, which product is advanced under the device on a conveyor. For the best result, it is appropriate to adapt the size and shape of the hopper to the food product to receive the disintegrated material.
  • a rotary screw as a cutting member has proved to be particularly suitable for the disintegration of cheese, and also of pressed meats, such as ham or head cheese of different types, and in the form of blocks. of appropriate size.
  • Food products can be frozen, refrigerated or have room temperature, and in some cases the temperature affects the processing properties during disintegration.
  • it has been found appropriate to cool the cheese, since it then obtains a less sticky consistency.
  • Cheese with 45% fat on dry matter and even more can however be disintegrated without any problems at room temperature.
  • the supply of material intended to be disintegrated can be continuous.
  • the blocks of cheese can be welded together by means of a binder composition suitable for food use upstream of the disintegration device, so that there is no interruption in the food.
  • the purely technical design of the device according to the invention is conventional and can be easily determined by those skilled in the art.
  • the helical cutter is preferably made of stainless steel with a composition suitable for knives.
  • the edges of the cutting member do not need to be sharpened particularly often, since the majority of food products have a very weak abrasive effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un dispositif de désintégration de matière et particulièrement de denrées alimentaires. Le dispositif est principalement destiné à la désintégration de denrées alimentaires sous forme de plus gros morceaux ou blocs, comme des saucisses et des viandes compressées, et en premier lieu du fromage.The present invention relates to a method and a device for disintegrating matter and particularly foodstuffs. The device is mainly intended for the disintegration of foodstuffs in the form of larger pieces or blocks, such as sausages and compressed meats, and in the first place cheese.

On connaît de nombreux dispositifs différents pour la désintégration de denrées, notamment alimentaires, comme par exemple des râpes, des machines à découper, des moulins, etc. Ainsi, le brevet des Etats-Unis No. 3,811,627 concerne un moulin à bâtonnets de pigment destiné à être incorparé dans une matière plastique au moyen d'un cylindrerâpe rotatif contre lequel la matière est avancée. Il faut noter que le cylindre de mouture n'effectue qu'un mouvement de rotation, son axe étant fixe et n'est pas animé d'un mouvement de va-et-vient. La matière à débiter est forcée dans un passage longitudinal étroit 412 (Fig. 1) ce qui provoquerait le blocage pour une matière à consistance poisseuse telle.qu'un fromage à haute teneur en matière grasse ou un morceau de charcuterie. Ce dispositif ne permettrait pas de résoudre le problème du débitage et dosage simultané de tels produits sur des objets en défilement.Many different devices are known for the disintegration of foodstuffs, in particular foodstuffs, such as for example graters, cutting machines, mills, etc. Thus, US Patent No. 3,811,627 relates to a pigment rod mill intended to be incorporated into a plastic material by means of a rotary grating cylinder against which the material is advanced. It should be noted that the milling cylinder only performs a rotational movement, its axis being fixed and is not driven back and forth. The material to be cut is forced into a narrow longitudinal passage 412 (Fig. 1) which would cause blockage for a material with a sticky consistency such as a cheese with a high fat content or a piece of cold meats. This device would not solve the problem of simultaneous debitage and metering of such products on moving objects.

Le brevet des Etats-Unis No. 3,831,866 concerne un dispositif pour râper le fromage classique comportant une râpe plane effectuant un va-et-vient vertical contre un block de fromage. Ce dispositif ne comporte pas d'organe de coupe rotatif. Il convient sans doute pour des fromages durs et secs mais serait inutilisable pour des fromages mous et poisseux à haute teneur en matière grasse qui obtureraient rapidement les trous de la râpe. Par voie de conséquence, il ne serait pas à même d'effectuer simultanément la désintégration et le dosage de façon fiable.US Patent No. 3,831,866 relates to a device for grating conventional cheese comprising a flat grater performing a back-and-forth movement against a block of cheese. This device does not include a rotary cutting member. It is undoubtedly suitable for hard and dry cheeses but would not be usable for soft and sticky cheeses with a high fat content which would quickly fill the holes in the grater. Consequently, it would not be able to carry out the disintegration and the determination reliably simultaneously.

Il n'existe donc pas jusqu'ici un appareil pouvant simultanément désintégrer et, suivant les besoins, doser d'une manière variable de telles matières difficiles à manipuler. Cela a entraîné de grandes difficultés dans l'appareillage automatique pour la préparation de plats préparés, par exemple quand du fromage râpé doit être répandu sur une pizza ou un gratin devant ensuite être congelé et, livré dans cet état au consommateur pour la préparation finale. Si, dans ce cas, le fromage n'est pas réparti uniformément sur le plat, il fondra irrégulièrement lors du chauffage final et le plat fini aura alors un aspect moins appétissant.So far, there has not been an apparatus capable of simultaneously disintegrating and, as necessary, dosing in a variable manner such materials which are difficult to handle. This has caused great difficulties in the automatic apparatus for the preparation of prepared meals, for example when grated cheese must be spread on a pizza or a gratin which must then be frozen and, delivered in this state to the consumer for the final preparation. If, in this case, the cheese is not evenly distributed on the dish, it will melt irregularly during the final heating and the finished dish will then have a less appetizing appearance.

La présente invention permet d'éliminer les inconvénients précités et d'obtenir une désintégration uniforme de denrées alimentaires qui étaient auparavant d'un emploi difficile à ce point de vue. Le procédé et le dispositif selon l'invention sont spécialement appropriés pour la désintégration de fromage, mais également d'autres denrées alimentaires en morceaux, comme de la viande hachée et du jambon pressé, peuvent avantageusement être désintégrées selon l'invention.The present invention makes it possible to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to obtain a uniform disintegration of foodstuffs which were previously difficult to use from this point of view. The process and the device according to the invention are specially suitable for the disintegration of cheese, but also other foodstuffs in pieces, such as minced meat and pressed ham, can advantageously be disintegrated according to the invention.

Les dispositifs déjà connus pour désintégrer différentes denrées alimentaires en morceaux ont le plus souvent été de modèles complètement différents, suivant le type de denrée alimentaire devant être traitée. Il serait extrêmement souhaitable du point de vue pratique et économique que différents types de denrées alimentaires puissent être traités essentiellement dans le même appareil, dans lequel seules quelques pièces auraient besoin d'être remplacées pour adaptation aux différentes propriétés mécaniques et rhéologiques de différentes denrées alimentaires. La présente invention permet d'atteindre ce but, et le même appareill- lage peut être employé pour différentes denrées alimentaires, comme les fromages, viandes et charcuterie par exemple le jambon pressé et la viande hachée, les saucisses soit de plus grosses saucisses seules, soit plusieurs petites ensemble, et autres matières, seuls les organes utilisés pour la désintégration elle-même ayant besoin d'être spécialement adaptés au type de denrée alimentaire traitée.The devices already known for disintegrating different foodstuffs into pieces have most often been of completely different models, depending on the type of foodstuff to be processed. It would be highly desirable from a practical and economical point of view that different types of food could be processed essentially in the same apparatus, in which only a few parts would need to be replaced to adapt to the different mechanical and rheological properties of different food. The present invention achieves this object, and the same apparatus can be used for different foodstuffs, such as cheeses, meats and cold meats, for example pressed ham and minced meat, sausages being larger sausages alone, or several small sets, and other materials, only the organs used for the disintegration itself need to be specially adapted to the type of foodstuff treated.

L'invention concerne donc un procédé de désintégration de matière, dans lequel la matière est avancée vers un organe de désintégration entraîné, qui est amené à exécuter un mouvement alternatif sensiblement parallèlement à une surface de la matière, avec débitage simultané de matière de cette surface, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de désintégration entraîné est constitué par une vis rotative dont l'axe de rotation est sensiblement parallèle à la surface travaillée et dont le filetage est muni d'une arête tranchante qui est dirigée vers l'avant dans le sens axial où le filetage semble se déplacer lors de la rotation de la vis.The invention therefore relates to a material disintegration method, in which the material is advanced towards a driven disintegration member, which is caused to perform an alternating movement substantially parallel to a surface of the material, with simultaneous cutting of material from this surface. , characterized in that the driven disintegration member is constituted by a rotary screw whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the worked surface and whose thread is provided with a cutting edge which is directed forward in the axial direction where the thread seems to move when the screw turns.

L'invention vise également un dispositif de désintégration de matière comprenant un organe de désintégration entraîné et agencé pour recevoir un mouvement alternatif sensiblement parallèlement à une surface de la matièrre avec débitage simultané de matière de cette surface ainsi qu'un dispositif de transport pour avancer la matière vers l'organe de désintégration, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de désintégration entraîné est constitué par une vis rotative dont l'axe de rotation est sensiblement parallèle à la surface travaillée et dont le filage est muni d'une arête tranchante qui est dirigée vers l'avant dans le sens axial suivant lequel le filetage semble se déplacer lors de la rotation de la vis.The invention also relates to a material disintegration device comprising a disintegrating member driven and arranged to receive an alternating movement substantially parallel to a surface of the material with simultaneous cutting of material from this surface as well as a transport device for advancing the material towards the disintegrating member, characterized in that the driven disintegrating member is constituted by a rotary screw whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the worked surface and whose spinning is provided with a cutting edge which is directed forward in the axial direction in which the thread seems to move when the screw rotates.

Selon une forme d'exécution spécialement préférée, la vis est munie de .deux filetages de direction opposée, les deux sens de filetage occupant chacun une partie de la longueur de la vis, de préférence chacun la moitié.According to an especially preferred embodiment, the screw is provided with .two threads in opposite directions, the two directions of threading each occupying part of the length of the screw, preferably each half.

L'invention est montrée plus en détail sur la dessin en annexe, dont la fig. 1 montre une vue d'ensemble schématique d'un dispositif selon l'invention, la fig. 2 montre une vue de détail d'une forme d'exécution préférée de l'organe de désintégration et la fig. 3 montre une section d'un détail de l'organe de désintégration selon la fig. 2.The invention is shown in more detail in the accompanying drawing, of which FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a device according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the disintegration member and FIG. 3 shows a section of a detail of the disintegration member according to FIG. 2.

Selon la fig. 1, le dispositif se compose dans ses parties principales d'un bâti 1 supportant un transporteur 2 pour une denrée alimentaire sous forme de block 3, par exemple un fromage. Des dispositifs de guidage 4 sont également agencés pour une alimentation correcte. Le transporteur a de préférence la forme d'un tranporteur à chaîne avec une chaîne transporteuse dentée 5 et est entraîné par un mécanisme à cliquet 6, dont le bras de commande 7 est actionné par un vérin à air comprimé 8.According to fig. 1, the device consists in its main parts of a frame 1 supporting a transporter 2 for a foodstuff in the form of a block 3, for example a cheese. Guide devices 4 are also arranged for correct feeding. The conveyor is preferably in the form of a chain transporter with a toothed conveyor chain 5 and is driven by a ratchet mechanism 6, the control arm 7 of which is actuated by a compressed air cylinder 8.

Un organe de désintégration 9 est entraîné par un moteur 12 au moyen du pignon 10 via la roue intermédiaire 11. Sur la figure, l'organe de désintégration est indiqué comme un organe de coupe rotatif, et spécialement comme une vis rotative du type montré sur la fig. 2. L'organe de coupe est amené en face de la surface frontale 13 du block de denrée alimentaire et est fixé à un support 14, et tout est ensemble peut être déplacé vers le haut ou vers le bas le long des barres de guidage 15 au moyen de la tige de piston 16. Le déplacement est réalisé au moyen de l'appareil 17 montré schématiquement et qui est commandé par l'unité de réglage 18. Les particules 19 de la denrée alimentaire qui sont obtenues lors de la désintégration tombent par la trémie 20 sur un produit alimentaire 21, par exemple un pizza, lequel est amené par un transporteur, par exemple un transporteur à bande, qui est indiqué en 22. Un détecteur 23, lequel agit sur l'unité de réglage 18, permet de s'assurer qu'aucune désintégration ne se produit s'il n'y a rien sur la bande transporteuse pour recevoir le produit désintégré.A disintegrating member 9 is driven by a motor 12 by means of the pinion 10 via the intermediate wheel 11. In the figure, the disintegrating member is indicated as a rotary cutting member, and especially as a rotary screw of the type shown on fig. 2. The cutting member is brought in front of the front surface 13 of the foodstuff block and is fixed to a support 14, and everything is together can be moved up or down along the guide bars 15 by means of the piston rod 16. The displacement is carried out by means of the apparatus 17 shown diagrammatically and which is controlled by the adjustment unit 18. The particles 19 of the foodstuff which are obtained during disintegration fall by the hopper 20 on a food product 21, for example a pizza, which is brought by a conveyor, for example a conveyor belt, which is indicated at 22. A detector 23, which acts on the adjustment unit 18, makes it possible to ensure that no disintegration occurs if there is nothing on the conveyor belt to receive the disintegrated product.

L'unité de réglage 18 permet de commander aussi bien l'avancement du transporteur 2 que le transport et l'entraînement de l'organe de couple 9 de maniètre qu'une longueur appropriée du block de denrée alimentaire 3 soit avancée quand l'organe de coupe se trouve dans sa position supérieure, ou dans sa position inférieure, après, quoi, l'organe de coupe est descendu, ou monté, et entraîné pour que se produise la désintégration. Le mécanisme à cliquet 6 empêche que le block de dentrée alimentaire ne rebondisse lors de l'action de l'organe de coupe. Il n'est pas toujours nécessaire que l'organe de coupe soit seulement entraîné lorsqu'il est descendu, ou monté, mais cela constitue une forme d'exécution préférentielle.The adjustment unit 18 makes it possible to control both the advancement of the conveyor 2 as well as the transport and the drive of the torque member 9 so that an appropriate length of the foodstuff block 3 is advanced when the member cutting is in its upper position, or in its lower position, after which, the cutting member is lowered, or mounted, and driven so that the disintegration occurs. The ratchet mechanism 6 prevents the food entry block from rebounding during the action of the cutting member. It is not always necessary that the cutting member is only driven when it is lowered, or mounted, but this constitutes a preferred embodiment.

L'entraînement du transporteur 2, de l'organe de désintégration 9 et du mouvement ascendant et descendant de ce dernier peut être électrique ou hydraulique, mais est de préférence pneumatique. La raison en est qu'un appareil pour traiter des denrées alimentaires est souvent placé dans une atmosphère humide, et doit pouvoir être nettoyé et désinfecté à fond, par exemple au moyen de lavage sous haute pression. Cela peut alors entraîner des difficultés pour un appareil électrique, sous forme de court-circuit et jaillissement, lesquelles peuvent également impliquer des risques pour le personnel. Des unités de réglage pour la commande d'appareil pneumatique de la manière décrite ici sont déjà connues de l'homme de l'art et celui-ci peut les assembler à partir d'unités se trouvant dans le commerce. Un appareillage hydraulique peut être employé à condition d'utiliser un fluide hydraulique compatible du point de vue de la technique des denrées alimentaires, par exemple une huile alimentaire.The drive of the conveyor 2, of the disintegration member 9 and of the upward and downward movement of the latter can be electric or hydraulic, but is preferably pneumatic. The reason for this is that a device for treating food is often placed in a humid atmosphere, and must be capable of being thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, for example by means of high pressure washing. This can then lead to difficulties for an electrical device, in the form of short-circuits and spurts, which can also involve risks for personnel. Adjustment units for controlling pneumatic apparatus as described here are already known to those skilled in the art and the latter can assemble them from commercially available units. Hydraulic equipment can be used provided that a hydraulic fluid compatible from the point of view of food technology, for example edible oil, is used.

Les fig. 2 et 3 montrent une forme d'exécution spécialement préférentielle de l'organe de désintégration selon l'invention. Ici, cet organe de désintégration a la forme d'une vis 51 avec une extrémité d'entraînement 52 et une extrémité de palier 53. La vis est munie d'un filetage 54 qui, selon la forme d'exécution spécialement préférentielle qui est montrée sur le dessin, est divisé en une partie tournant à droite 54a et une partie tournant à gauche 54b. Comme cela ressort de la Fig. 3, qui est une section selon la ligne A-A de la fig. 2, le filetage a une section transversale essentiellement en forme de trapèze et a une arête tranchante 55 à l'un de ses bords supérieurs laquelle a un certain angle de dépouille 56 dans le sens axial de la vis. C'est cette arête tranchante qui réalise le débitage ou la désintégration de la denrée alimentaire lorsque la vis est amenée à tourner tout en passant sur une surface de la matière. Pour que ce débitage puisse se faire, l'arête doit être tournée en avant dans le sens où le filetage semble se déplacer quand la vis tourne. Avec la forme d'exécution montrée sur le dessin, la vis peut donc être amenée à tourner dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d'une montre, vu de l'extrémité d'entraînement 52, pour que le débitage puisse avoir lieu.Figs. 2 and 3 show a specially preferred embodiment of the disintegration member according to the invention. Here, this disintegration member has the form of a screw 51 with a drive end 52 and a bearing end 53. The screw is provided with a thread 54 which, according to the specially preferred embodiment which is shown in the drawing, is divided into a part turning to the right 54a and a part turning to the left 54b. As shown in FIG. 3, which is a section along line A-A of FIG. 2, the thread has a cross section essentially in the shape of a trapezoid and has a cutting edge 55 at one of its upper edges which has a certain relief angle 56 in the axial direction of the screw. It is this sharp edge which performs the cutting or disintegration of the foodstuff when the screw is caused to rotate while passing over a surface of the material. For this debitage to take place, the edge must be turned forward in the direction where the thread seems to move when the screw turns. With the embodiment shown in the drawing, the screw can therefore be made to rotate anticlockwise, seen from the drive end 52, so that debitage can take place.

Un certain nombre d'avantages sont obtenus, grâce a la division du filetage de la vis en deux parties dirigées l'une vers l'autre, lesquelles sont donc homothétiques. Ainsi, la matière débitée sera amenée vers le milieu de la vis pour y être rassemblée avant de tomber dans la trémie, de sorte qu'il y a ainsi moins de risque de perte. En outre, la matière désintégrée sera remélangée et cela peut être mis à profit en ce que plusieurs blocks plus petits de matières de différentes sortes, par exemple différentes sortes de fromages, peuvent être amenés à côté les uns des autres et, simultanément, désintégrés et remélangés. Grâce aux filetages de directions opposées, on obtient finalement un équilibrage des contraintes axiales sur les paliers de la vis aux deux extrémités de celle-ci.A certain number of advantages are obtained by dividing the thread of the screw into two parts facing one another, which are therefore homothetic. Thus, the material delivered will be brought to the middle of the screw to be collected there before falling into the hopper, so that there is less risk of loss. In addition, the disintegrated material will be remixed and this can be taken advantage of in that several smaller blocks of material of different kinds, for example different kinds of cheese, can be brought next to each other and, simultaneously, disintegrated and remixed. Thanks to threads in opposite directions, a balance is finally obtained axial stresses on the bearings of the screw at the two ends thereof.

Il y a cependant lieu de noter qu'il n'est pas absolument nécessaire que le filetage de la vis soit divisé en deux parties de directions opposées, et qu'un seul sens de filetage peut également être utilisé. La matière désintégrée est alors envoyée sur l'un des côtés dans le sens de mouvement du filetage, pour y être recueillie d'une manière appropriée.It should however be noted that it is not absolutely necessary that the screw thread is divided into two parts of opposite directions, and that only one thread direction can also be used. The disintegrated material is then sent to one of the sides in the direction of movement of the thread, to be collected therein in an appropriate manner.

Le degré de désintégration du produit alimentaire traité est déterminé par la forme, la taille et le régime de la vis. Avec une vis selon l'invention, des denrées, alimentaires comme du fromage, du jambon pressé et de la viande congelée peuvent être désintégrées sous forme de copeaux ou analogues plus ou moins fins. Il s'est avéré qu'un régime plus élevé de la vis et une vitesse inférieure du mouvement de la vis dans le sens vertical donnent des copeaux plus minces. On a constaté qu'un régime approprié était de 3000-4000 tr/min. et une vitesse appropriée dans le sens vertical, de 5-20 cm/sec. Toutefois, des valeurs hors de ces plages sont utilisables, et peuvent être déterminées par l'homme de l'art pour adaptation à la consistance de la maitère traitée dans chaque cas.The degree of disintegration of the processed food product is determined by the shape, size and speed of the screw. With a screw according to the invention, foodstuffs such as cheese, pressed ham and frozen meat can be disintegrated in the form of more or less fine shavings or the like. It has been found that a higher speed of the screw and a lower speed of movement of the screw in the vertical direction gives thinner shavings. A suitable regime has been found to be 3000-4000 rpm. and an appropriate speed in the vertical direction, 5-20 cm / sec. However, values outside these ranges can be used, and can be determined by a person skilled in the art for adaptation to the consistency of the material treated in each case.

Pour la vis, un diamètre du filetage de 2-5 cm est approprié et des résultats particulièrement satisfaisants ont été obtenus avec un diamètre d'environ 3 cm. Le diamètre de la vis détermine la largeur des copeaux formés, de sorte qu'un diamètre supérieur donne des copeaux plus larges. Le pas du filetage de la vis a également de l'importance et ici, il s'est avéré qu'une valeur de 3-6 cm/tour était appropriée. Si le pas dépasse environ 6 cm, la matière quitte mal la vis, alors qu'un pas trop faible donne des copeaux très petits. L'arête tranchante sur le filetage de vis peut avoir un angle de dépouille de 0-5 degrés et ici, une valeur d'environ 2 degrés s'est avérée appropriée. L longueur de la partie qui débite n'est pas spécialement critique, mais peut être adaptée à des dimensions éventuellement normalisées des denrées alimentaires en morceaux qui sont traitées.For the screw, a thread diameter of 2-5 cm is suitable and particularly satisfactory results have been obtained with a diameter of approximately 3 cm. The diameter of the screw determines the width of the shavings formed, so that a larger diameter gives wider shavings. The thread pitch of the screw is also important and here it turned out that a value of 3-6 cm / turn was appropriate. If the pitch exceeds about 6 cm, the material leaves the screw badly, while a too small pitch gives very small chips. The cutting edge on the screw thread can have a clearance angle of 0-5 degrees and here a value of around 2 degrees has been found suitable. The length of the portion which delivers is not particularly critical, but can be adapted to possibly standardized dimensions of the foodstuffs in pieces which are processed.

Chacun des filetages des la vis peut également avoir plusieurs entrées, ce qui permet d'avoir une pluralité de filetages orientés dans chaque sens. On obtient ainsi une désintégration plus poussée.Each of the screw threads can also have several inlets, which makes it possible to have a plurality of threads oriented in each direction. This results in further disintegration.

De plus, il est considéré que la vitesse d'alimentation de la matière désintégrée a de l'importance, de sorte qu'une vitesse d'alimentation plus élevée donne des copeaux de matière plus larges. Dans la forme d'exécution préférentielle, la matière est avancée par intermittence lorsque l'organe de désintégration se trouve dans sa position supérieure, et une avance d'environ 3 mm par course a donné de bons résultats dans des conditions normales.In addition, it is believed that the feed rate of the disintegrated material is important, so that a higher feed rate results in larger material chips. In the preferred embodiment, the material is advanced intermittently when the disintegration member is in its upper position, and an advance of approximately 3 mm per stroke has given good results under normal conditions.

Finalement, il est également possible d'agir sur le degré de désintégration pour certaines matières, par exemple du fromage, en faisant passer le block de matière en amont de l'organe de coupe dans un dispositif de coupe qui le divise suivant son axe longitudinal. Pour du fromage, celui-ci peut être forcé par exemple au-delà d'un ou de plusieurs fils ou grilles de coupe. Cela permet d'obtenir des copeaux plus courts.Finally, it is also possible to act on the degree of disintegration for certain materials, for example cheese, by passing the block of material upstream of the cutting member in a cutting device which divides it along its longitudinal axis. . For cheese, this can be forced for example beyond one or more wires or cutting grids. This results in shorter chips.

Il ressort donc qu'on peut faire varier plusieurs paramètres pour que la matière soit désintégrée en particules de grosseur et de forme désirées. La combinaison de tels paramètres qui est adoptée dans chaque cas particulier peut être choisie par l'homme de l'art sur la base des propriétés de la matière à désintégrer, des limitations des appareils, etc.It therefore appears that several parameters can be varied so that the material is disintegrated into particles of desired size and shape. The combination of such parameters which is adopted in each particular case can be chosen by those skilled in the art on the basis of the properties of the material to be disintegrated, the limitations of the devices, etc.

Il est approprié d'agencer de chaque côté de l'organe de désintégration des plaques d'appui, galets d'appui ou bandes transporteuses d'appui qui sont parallèles à la surface de la matière travaillée, l'agencement devant être tel que l'organe de désintégration dans l'espace entre eux ne fasse saillie que de ce qui correspond à la profondeur de matière travaillée lors de chaque cycle de débitage. Le morceau de matière est ainsi soutenu et la désintégration est facilitée quand on approche de l'extrémité d'un block de matière.It is appropriate to arrange on each side of the disintegration member of the support plates, support rollers or support conveyor belts which are parallel to the surface of the worked material, the arrangement should be such that the he disintegration member in the space between them protrudes only from what corresponds to the depth of material worked during each cutting cycle. The piece of material is thus supported and disintegration is facilitated when one approaches the end of a block of material.

Le dosage direct de matière qui est obtenu avec une vis comme organe de coupe selon l'invention, permet d'éviter toute autre manutention de la matière désintégrée, ce qui économise du travail et réduit les pertes de matière. Comme le dosage peut être réglé avec une grande précision à la longueur désirée, on évite également un dosage excédentaire avec les partes inhérentes. Un étalement satisfaisant et uniforme de la matière désintégrée est obtenu en ce que celle-ci descend dans une trémie pour tomber sur un produit alimentaire préparé, par exemple une pizza ou un gratin, lequel produit est avancé sous le dispositif sur un transporteur. Pour le meilleur résultat, il est approprié d'adapter la taille et la forme de la trémie au produit alimentaire devant recevoir la matière désintégrée.The direct metering of material which is obtained with a screw as a cutting member according to the invention, makes it possible to avoid any other handling of the disintegrated material, which saves work and reduces material losses. As the dosage can be adjusted with great precision to the desired length, it also avoids an excess dosage with the inherent parts. A satisfactory and uniform spreading of the disintegrated material is obtained in that the latter descends into a hopper to fall on a prepared food product, for example a pizza or a gratin, which product is advanced under the device on a conveyor. For the best result, it is appropriate to adapt the size and shape of the hopper to the food product to receive the disintegrated material.

Dans le procédé selon l'invention, une vis rotative comme organe de coupe s'est avérée particulièrement appropriée pour la désintégration de fromage, et également de viandes pressées, comme du jambon ou du fromage de tête de différents types, et sous forme de blocs de grosseur appropriée. Les produits alimentaires peuvent être congelés, réfrigérés ou avoir la température ambiante, et dans certains cas, la température agit sur les propriétés de traitement lors de la désintégration. Ainsi, lors de la désintégration de fromage avec une teneur élevée en matières grasses, il s'est avéré approprié de refroidir le fromage, car il obtient alors une consistance moins poisseuse. Du fromage avec 45% de matières grasses sur matière sèche et même plus peut cependant être désintégré sans aucun problèmes à la température ambiante. Cela constitue un avantage essentiel du procédé et du dispositif de l'invention si l'on fait une comparaison avec des dispositifs déjà connus du type râpes et analogues, où la consistance poisseuse du fromage entraîne des difficultés.In the method according to the invention, a rotary screw as a cutting member has proved to be particularly suitable for the disintegration of cheese, and also of pressed meats, such as ham or head cheese of different types, and in the form of blocks. of appropriate size. Food products can be frozen, refrigerated or have room temperature, and in some cases the temperature affects the processing properties during disintegration. Thus, during the disintegration of cheese with a high fat content, it has been found appropriate to cool the cheese, since it then obtains a less sticky consistency. Cheese with 45% fat on dry matter and even more can however be disintegrated without any problems at room temperature. This is an advantage essential of the method and the device of the invention if we make a comparison with already known devices of the graters type and the like, where the sticky consistency of the cheese causes difficulties.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux du dispositif de l'invention, l'alimentation en matière destinée à être désintégrée peut être continue. Ainsi, par exemple dans le cas de fromage, les blocs de fromage peuvent être soudés ensemble au moyen d'une composition liante appropriée à usage alimentaire en amont du dispositif de désintégration, de sorte qu'il n'y ait aucune interruption dans l'alimentation. Dans ce cas, on préfère répartir la matière constitutive de l'agent liant sur plusieurs pizzas, ce qui peut être obtenu par exemple en disposant l'organe de coupe selon un angle d'environ 10° par rapport à la surface frontale des blocs.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device of the invention, the supply of material intended to be disintegrated can be continuous. Thus, for example in the case of cheese, the blocks of cheese can be welded together by means of a binder composition suitable for food use upstream of the disintegration device, so that there is no interruption in the food. In this case, it is preferred to distribute the material constituting the binding agent over several pizzas, which can be obtained for example by placing the cutting member at an angle of approximately 10 ° relative to the front surface of the blocks.

La conception purement technique du dispositif selon l'invention est conventionnelle et peut être facilement déterminée par l'homme de l'art. L'organe de coupe hélicoïdal est de préférence en acier inoxydable avec une composition appropriée pour des couteaux. Les arêtes de l'organe de coupe n'ont pas besoin d'être affutées particulièrement souvent, car la majorité des produits alimentaires ont un effet abrasif très faible.The purely technical design of the device according to the invention is conventional and can be easily determined by those skilled in the art. The helical cutter is preferably made of stainless steel with a composition suitable for knives. The edges of the cutting member do not need to be sharpened particularly often, since the majority of food products have a very weak abrasive effect.

Il est très important pour le dispositif qu'il puisse être facilement nettoyé d'une manière compatible avec les aliments.It is very important for the device that it can be easily cleaned in a manner compatible with food.

Claims (15)

1. A method for disintegrating materials, wherein the material (3) is delivered to a driven disintegrating element (9) which receives a reciprocating movement substantially parallel to one surface (13) of the material and, in doing so, comminutes the material on that surface (13), characterised in that the driven disintegrating element (9) is in the form of a rotary screw (51) of which the rotating axis is substantially parallel to the worked surface (13) and the screwthread (54) is provided with a cutting edge (55) directed frontwards in the axial direction in which the thread appears to move during rotation of the screw.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the screw is threaded in two directions, the two oppositely directed threads (54a, 54b) each occupying part of the length of the screw (51).
3. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the linear speed of the disintegrating element (9) in its reciprocating movement amounts to between 5 and 20 cm/second.
4. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the rotary screw (51) has a rotational speed of 3000 to 4000 revolutions per minute for a diameter of 2 to 5 cm.
5. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the driven disintegrating element (9) receives an ascending and descending movement parallel to a substantially vertical surface (13) of the material (3).
6. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the material (3) is intermittently delivered to the disintegrating element via a ratchet mechanism (6).
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the material (3) advances by approximately 3 mm per step.
8. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the material (3) is formed by cheese or even by meat or delicatessen in block form.
9. A machine for disintegrating materials (3), comprising a driven disintegrating element (9) which is designed to receive a reciprocating movement substantially parallel to one surface (13) of the material (3) with simultaneous comminution of material on that surface, and a delivery element (2) for advancing the material (3) to the disintegrating element (9), characterised in that the disintegrating element (9) is formed by a rotary screw (51) of which the rotating axis is substantially parallel to the worked surface (13) and the screwthread (54) is provided with a cutting edge (55) directed frontwards in the axial direction in which the screwthread appears to move during rotation of the screw.
10. A machine as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the screw is threaded in two directions, the two oppositely directed threads (54a, 54b) each occupying part of the length of the screw (51).
11. A machine as claimed in any of claims 9 to 10, characterised in that the screw (51) has a diameter of 2 to 5 cm.
12. A machine as claimed in any of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the screw (51) has a lead of 3 to 6 cm per revolution.
13. A machine as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the cutting edge (55) of the screwthread (54) has a taper angle (56) towards the axial line of the screw (51) of from 0 to 5°.
14. A machine as claimed in any of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that, on both sides of the disintegrating element (9), looking in the direction of the reciprocating movement of said element, there are provided supporting plates, supporting rollers or supporting conveyor belts arranged substantially parallel to the surface (13) of the material (3), parallel to which the disintegrating element moves, for supporting the material (3).
15. A machine as claimed in any of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that the delivery element (2) is arranged to advance the material (3) intermittently via ratchet mechanism (6) to prevent the material (3) from rebounding.
EP79101074A 1978-05-08 1979-04-09 Method and apparatus for shredding material Expired EP0005445B1 (en)

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CH4990/78 1978-05-08
CH499078A CH629117A5 (en) 1978-05-08 1978-05-08 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISINTEGRATION OF MATERIAL.

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EP0005445B1 true EP0005445B1 (en) 1982-09-15

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JP (1) JPS6123026B2 (en)
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AR217748A1 (en) 1980-04-15
US4509700A (en) 1985-04-09
JPS55500240A (en) 1980-04-24
DK152530C (en) 1988-08-01
NO791364L (en) 1979-11-09
EP0005445A1 (en) 1979-11-28
DK152530B (en) 1988-03-14
CH629117A5 (en) 1982-04-15
DK528479A (en) 1979-12-12
NO149570B (en) 1984-02-06
DE2963661D1 (en) 1982-11-04
JPS6123026B2 (en) 1986-06-04
CA1137948A (en) 1982-12-21
ES480292A1 (en) 1979-12-16
NO149570C (en) 1984-05-16
WO1979001038A1 (en) 1979-11-29
AU523698B2 (en) 1982-08-12
GR67701B (en) 1981-09-14
AU4670979A (en) 1979-11-15

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