EP0005092A1 - Construction element in the form of a slab and structure comprising such an element - Google Patents

Construction element in the form of a slab and structure comprising such an element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0005092A1
EP0005092A1 EP79400205A EP79400205A EP0005092A1 EP 0005092 A1 EP0005092 A1 EP 0005092A1 EP 79400205 A EP79400205 A EP 79400205A EP 79400205 A EP79400205 A EP 79400205A EP 0005092 A1 EP0005092 A1 EP 0005092A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reinforcement
concrete
cells
mesh
reinforced
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79400205A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0005092B1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Dardare
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CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
Centre dEtudes et de Recherche de lIndustrie du Beton CERIB
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CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
Centre dEtudes et de Recherche de lIndustrie du Beton CERIB
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Publication of EP0005092A1 publication Critical patent/EP0005092A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building element in the form of a plank and a structure comprising such an element.
  • board-shaped building elements is meant here elements of relatively small thickness, generally less than 10 cm, of width greater than the thickness but generally less than 50 cm, and of length on the order of several meters .
  • Such elements are used in the building industry to make structures such as frames, scaffolding, //
  • the object of the invention is to provide a building element in the form of a handy board and at a cost close to that of usual building materials.
  • the element is made of concrete reinforced by a reticulated reinforcement extending substantially over the entire length and width of the element and over at least half of the thickness thereof, said reinforcement comprising, as known per se, a mesh whose cells are delimited by a side wall in the form of a strip substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the element, the concrete completely coating the mesh and filling the cells .
  • This element has a high resistance to forces directed parallel to the long side of its section transverse and regular mechanical resistance to the forces applied in the other directions of space. This is due to the fact that, thanks to the compressive strength of the B and the deformations in tension and flexion of the mesh are limited by the concrete resistant cores which fill the alveoli.
  • the structure of the mesh and, in particular, the dimensions and the shape of the cells are determined so as to allow correct stress routing and to provide the concrete cores filling the cells with sufficient resistance to forces. applied to them.
  • the size of the cells must be such that the concrete cores which it delimits are capable, without disintegration, of withstanding the forces communicated to them by the mesh.
  • the strip-shaped wall of each cell has a width at least equal to 1 cm.
  • the dimension of the cell measured perpendicular to its wall, remains less than 10 cm. This maximum may be increased in the case of concrete loaded with aggregates of large particle size.
  • the shape of the cell it is desirable that it be delimited by a strip-shaped surface remaining parallel to the axis of the cell and having, in cross section, a closed polygonal contour. or symmetrical curve with respect to its center.
  • the cells of the mesh are identical and regularly distributed in the mesh.
  • the invention also relates to a structure comprising several elements in the form of a board.
  • the element 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a crosslinked reinforcement 10 embedded in concrete 14.
  • the frame 10 comprises a rectangular frame 11 and a mesh 12 filling this frame, both being formed by means of a strip material.
  • the mesh 12 defines cells 13 with a closed contour on itself, these cells being all identical, with the possible exception of those bordering the frame 11, and being regularly distributed in the mesh.
  • the walls of the cells 13 are parallel to the axes of these cells and, like the sides of the frame 11, perpendicular to the faces of the latter.
  • the cells 13 are delimited by a surface of hexagonal cross section.
  • each cell may take the form of other polygons ( Figure 2) or be curved ( Figure 3), while retaining, preferably, a symmetrical shape relative to its center.
  • a strip material compatible with the concrete used and having a high tensile strength and sufficient rigidity is used. May be suitable, for example, metal strips or tapes of non-metallic, rigid or stiffened materials.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a particular embodiment of a crosslinked reinforcement.
  • Steel strips 20, 21, 22, Vietnamese strips are unwound rollers 23, 24, 25 Vietnamese
  • the strip 20 is intended to constitute the frame 11.
  • This assembly is carried out by welding or mechanically by riveting or stapling. It should be noted that this assembly must be carried out with care because it must resist the tensile and shear forces which develop at the interface between contiguous cells when the element containing the reinforcement is subjected to stresses.
  • strips 30 (FIG. 5) which are each subjected to a cutting operation to form cuts 32, parallel to the edges of the strip, which divide into three equal strips 33a, 33b, 33c of the strip segments distributed along the latter being separated from each other by intervals 31 which are not precut.
  • the strip is then subjected to a deployment operation consisting in folding the strips 33a, 33b, 33c alternately on one side and the other of the strip plane, the strips 33a and 33c located along the edges of the strip being at each folded back on the side of the strip opposite to that on the side of which is folded the central strip 33b located initially between these two strips.
  • Flats 34 are formed at the tops of the folded portions to enable the construction of the mesh by assembling the strips P LOYES, the assembly being made for example by welding.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another method of manufacturing an armature according to the invention.
  • the mesh is obtained from a braid 40 woven so as to form the cells and stiffened by immersion in a material, for example a resin, which stiffens by solidifying.
  • braids assembled together such as the strips 21, 22 illustrated in FIG. 4, after having been pleated or wavy and stiffened.
  • the reinforcement is coated over its entire periphery with a layer of concrete 14.
  • This coating aims, on the one hand, to protect the reinforcement from possible corrosion and, on the other hand, to resist the thrusts exerted by the cores , in particular by bulging them, when the armature is subjected to forces. If the coating proves to be insufficient to fulfill this latter function, it is possible to reinforce the coating concrete by means of a skin reinforcement 15 constituted by a wire mesh with fine and tight meshes surrounding the cross-linked reinforcement over all its periphery.
  • the thickness of the coating concrete 14, in particular if it is reinforced, can be limited to a value of the order of cm, for example between 0.5 and 2 cm.
  • the reinforcement must occupy at least half the thickness of the element so that the mechanical properties of this element are as close as possible to those of a homogeneous material.
  • the reinforcement is placed in a mold before or after filling it with concrete.
  • the concrete used is a hydraulic binder concrete or the like having good resistance to compression.
  • the mesh is made of steel strip 20 mm wide, the steel being a class A33 steel having an elastic limit equal to 18 bar and a residual elongation of 18%.
  • the rectangular frame 11 (FIG. 8) is made of strip 3 mm thick. Its length and width are respectively 5 m and 18.6 cm.
  • the cells 13 are made of strip 2 mm thick and with a hexagonal cross section.
  • the dimensions referenced a, b and c in Figure 8 are respectively equal to 75 mm, 60 mm and 15 mm. Welds are made between all adjacent sides of the cells.
  • a wire mesh 15 of steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm and a square mesh with a side of 15 mm is provided, as a skin reinforcement, a wire mesh 15 of steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm and a square mesh with a side of 15 mm.
  • the concrete is produced with a cement dosage of 500 kg / m 3 and aggregates of maximum dimension equal to 8 mm.
  • the compressive strength measured at 28 days is 550 bars and the tensile strength measured at 28 days is 42 bars.
  • the reinforcement is positioned in a mold using spacers before pouring the concrete.
  • the concrete is placed using a vibrating rule.
  • the board 50 obtained, shown in cross section in Figure 7 has a length equal to 5.05 m, a height h equal to 23 cm and a thickness e equal to 4 cm.
  • a bending test of this assembly in the direction of the height was carried out as illustrated in FIG. 10, the boards resting horizontally on edge on two distant support points with a length L 1 equal to 4.80 m.
  • a bending test of a board in the transverse direction was then carried out as shown in FIG. 11, the board resting horizontally flat on two distant support points with a length L 2 and being subjected to a vertical load F 2 at a point located at equal distances from the support points.
  • the board has good resistance to the forces exerted along the long axis of its cross section.
  • the rupture is attributable to a defective weld between two contiguous cells
  • the results of the tests show that the concrete element according to the invention exhibits a behavior mechanical similar to that of a homogeneous material for fairly high load values. Indeed, the ratio between breaking load and cracking load is 1.40 in the transverse direction.
  • the board-shaped element according to the invention has entirely acceptable mechanical flexural characteristics having regard to the use that can be envisaged for such elements.
  • plank-shaped element in accordance with the invention may be suitable for the production of crash barriers along traffic lanes, lost formwork, scaffolding, etc.
  • the element in accordance with the invention can be reinforced in additional manner by known methods, for example by the installation of rectilinear reinforcements with circular section along the long sides of the reticulated reinforcement.
  • the element may be impregnated with a resin which hardens upon polymerization. It could also be prestressed.
  • the reinforcement of the coating concrete surrounding the crosslinked reinforcement can be carried out by impregnation by means of a polymerizable resin.
  • FIGS 12 to 15 illustrate structures comprising several boards assembled together.
  • the assembly can be carried out by placing the boards 60 on top of each other and by assembling them, for example, by gluing to form a lamel membrane. laire ( Figure 12) or a long arc ( Figure 13).
  • the boards 70 are assembled in them and, optionally, to intermediate elements, by means of pins or bolts 76 crossing the boards perpendicular to their large faces. It should be noted that drilling a hole in a board, through a cell, does not cause cracks and does not affect the mechanical properties of the board in any way.
  • the boards thus assembled can be used for the realization of frame or floor.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates another structure comprising elements 80 in accordance with the invention. These form the sides of a hollow monolith profile and are connected by concrete connection parts 86. Connection reinforcements connected to the crosslinked reinforcements of the elements 80 can be provided in the connection parts 86.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Abstract

1. Self-supporting, pre-fabricated, plank-like building element in reinforced concrete, characterized in that it comprises a criss-cross reinforcement (12) extending over substantially all the length and width of the element (1) and over at least half the thickness thereof, the said reinforcement (12) defining, in manner known per se, contiguous alveoli (13), evenly distributed through the whole reinforcement (12) and defined by a strip-like material (21, 22; 30; 40) substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the element (1), the said criss-cross reinforcement (12) being completely embedded in the concrete which fills the alveoli (13) and in that the concrete embedding the criss-cross reinforcement (12) is itself reinforced by a skin armature (15) surrounding the said criss-cross reinforcement (12) over its entire periphery.

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément de construction en forme de planche et une structure comportant un tel élément.The present invention relates to a building element in the form of a plank and a structure comprising such an element.

Par éléments de construction en forme de planche, on entend ici des éléments d'épaisseur relativement faible, généralement inférieure à 10 cm, de largeur supérieure à l'épaisseur mais généralement inférieure à 50 cm, et de longueur de l'ordre de plusieurs mètres. De tels éléments sont utilisés dans l'industrie du bâtiment pour réaliser des structures telles que charpentes, échafaudages,.....By board-shaped building elements is meant here elements of relatively small thickness, generally less than 10 cm, of width greater than the thickness but generally less than 50 cm, and of length on the order of several meters . Such elements are used in the building industry to make structures such as frames, scaffolding, .....

L'invention a pour but de fournir un élément de construction en forme de planche maniable et d'un coût voisin des matériaux de construction habituels.The object of the invention is to provide a building element in the form of a handy board and at a cost close to that of usual building materials.

Ce but est atteint, conformément à l'invention, du fait que l'élément est réalisé en béton renforcé par une armature réticulée s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur et la largeur de l'élément et sur au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur de celui-ci, ladite armature comportant, comme connu en soi, une résille dont les alvéoles sont délimités par une paroi latérale en forme de bande sensiblement perpendiculaire aux grandes faces de l'élément, le béton enrobant complètement la résille et remplissant les alvéoles.This object is achieved, in accordance with the invention, because the element is made of concrete reinforced by a reticulated reinforcement extending substantially over the entire length and width of the element and over at least half of the thickness thereof, said reinforcement comprising, as known per se, a mesh whose cells are delimited by a side wall in the form of a strip substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the element, the concrete completely coating the mesh and filling the cells .

Par béton, on entend ici un matériau constitué par des granulats liés entre eux par un liant.By concrete is meant here a material consisting of aggregates linked together by a binder.

Cet élément présente une résistance élevée aux efforts dirigés parallèlement au grand côté de sa section transversale et une résistance mécanique régulière vis- à-vis des efforts appliqués suivant les autres directions de l'espace. Ceci est dû au fait que, grâce à la résistance à la compression du béton,les déformations en traction et en flexion de la résille sont limitées par les noyaux résistants de béton qui remplissent les alvéoles.This element has a high resistance to forces directed parallel to the long side of its section transverse and regular mechanical resistance to the forces applied in the other directions of space. This is due to the fact that, thanks to the compressive strength of the B and the deformations in tension and flexion of the mesh are limited by the concrete resistant cores which fill the alveoli.

C'est en fait, de façon surprenante, un matériau nouveau que l'on obtient, matériau qui se comporte de façon homogène et avec des propriétés mécaniques particulières.It is in fact, surprisingly, a new material which is obtained, a material which behaves in a homogeneous manner and with particular mechanical properties.

D'une façon générale, la structure de la résille et, en particulier, les dimensions et la forme des alvéoles, sont déterminées de façon à permettre un cheminement correct des contraintes et à procurer aux noyaux de béton remplissant les alvéoles une résistance suffisante aux efforts qui leur sont appliqués.In general, the structure of the mesh and, in particular, the dimensions and the shape of the cells, are determined so as to allow correct stress routing and to provide the concrete cores filling the cells with sufficient resistance to forces. applied to them.

C'est ainsi que la taille des alvéoles doit être telle que les noyaux de béton qu'elle délimite soient capables, sans désagrégation, de résister aux efforts qui leur sont communiqués par la résille.Thus, the size of the cells must be such that the concrete cores which it delimits are capable, without disintegration, of withstanding the forces communicated to them by the mesh.

On conçoit que d'autres paramètres ont aussi une influence sur la valeur optimale de la taille des alvéoles, en particulier la nature du liant utilisé et la granulométrie des agrégats éventuellement présents dans le béton.It is understood that other parameters also have an influence on the optimal value of the size of the cells, in particular the nature of the binder used and the particle size of the aggregates possibly present in the concrete.

A titre indicatif, de préférence, la paroi en forme de bande de chaque alvéole a une largeur au moins égale à 1 cm.As an indication, preferably, the strip-shaped wall of each cell has a width at least equal to 1 cm.

Dans le cas d'un élément épais à fabriquer, on utilisera de préférence plusieurs résilles superposées occupant ensemble plus de la moitié de l'épaisseur de l'élément.In the case of a thick element to be manufactured, it is preferable to use several superimposed nets occupying together more than half the thickness of the element.

En général, la dimension de l'alvéole, mesurée perpendiculairement à sa paroi, reste inférieure à 10 cm. Ce maximum pourra être relevé dans le cas d'un béton chargé par des granulats de forte granulométrie.In general, the dimension of the cell, measured perpendicular to its wall, remains less than 10 cm. This maximum may be increased in the case of concrete loaded with aggregates of large particle size.

Pour ce qui concerne la forme de l'alvéole, il s'avère souhaitable que celui-ci soit délimité par une surface en forme de bande restant parallèle à l'axe de l'alvéole et présentant, en section transversale, un contour fermé polygonal ou courbe symétrique par rapport à son centre. En outre, de préférence, les alvéoles de la résille sont identiques et régulièrement distribués dans la résille.As regards the shape of the cell, it is desirable that it be delimited by a strip-shaped surface remaining parallel to the axis of the cell and having, in cross section, a closed polygonal contour. or symmetrical curve with respect to its center. In addition, preferably, the cells of the mesh are identical and regularly distributed in the mesh.

L'invention concerne aussi une structure comportant plusieurs éléments en forme de planche.The invention also relates to a structure comprising several elements in the form of a board.

Ceux-ci peuvent être disposés les uns sur les autres et assemblés les uns aux autres pour former une structure lamellaire.These can be arranged on top of each other and joined together to form a lamellar structure.

On peut aussi assembler les éléments entre eux par des pièces de liaison sensiblement perpendiculaires aux grandes faces des éléments, pour former une structure de charpente.It is also possible to assemble the elements together by connecting pieces substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the elements, to form a frame structure.

Il est encore possible d'augmenter la résistance de ces éléments par des parties en béton renforcées par des armatures de liaison reliées aux armatures réticulées desdits éléments.It is also possible to increase the resistance of these elements by concrete parts reinforced by connecting reinforcements connected to the crosslinked reinforcements of said elements.

D'autres particularités et avantages des éléments de construction conformes à l'invention et des structures les utilisant ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins joints sur lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective et en partie arrachée illustrant un élément conforme à l'invention,
  • - les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues partielles en plan d'armatures réticulées pour des éléments conformes à l'invention,
  • - les figures 4 à 6 illustrent très schématiquement différents procédés de fabrication d'armatures pour des éléments conformes à l'invention.
  • - la figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un élément en forme de planche conforme à l'invention,
  • - la figure 8 est une vue en plan de détail de l'armature réticulée de l'élément illustré par la figure 7,
  • - les figures 9 à 11 illustrent des essais effectués sur l'élément illustré par la figure 7, et
  • - les figures 12 à 15 illustrent différentes structures comportant des éléments conformes à l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages of the construction elements in accordance with the invention and of the structures using them will become apparent on reading the description given below, by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view, partially broken away, illustrating an element according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are partial plan views of cross-linked reinforcements for elements according to the invention,
  • - Figures 4 to 6 illustrate very schematically different methods of manufacturing frames for elements according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a board-shaped element according to the invention,
  • FIG. 8 is a detailed plan view of the crosslinked reinforcement of the element illustrated in FIG. 7,
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 illustrate tests carried out on the element illustrated in FIG. 7, and
  • - Figures 12 to 15 illustrate different structures comprising elements according to the invention.

L'élément 1 illustré par la figure 1 comporte une armature réticulée 10 noyée dans du béton 14.The element 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a crosslinked reinforcement 10 embedded in concrete 14.

L'armature 10 comporte un cadre rectangulaire 11 et une résille 12 remplissant ce cadre, tous deux étant formés au moyen d'un matériau en bande. La résille 12 délimite des alvéoles 13 au contour fermé sur lui-même, ces alvéoles étant tous identiques, à l'exception peut-étre de ceux bordant le cadre 11, et étant régulièrement distribués dans la résille. Les parois des alvéoles 13 sont parallèles aux axes de ces alvéoles et, comme les côtés du cadre 11, perpendiculaires aux faces de ce dernier.The frame 10 comprises a rectangular frame 11 and a mesh 12 filling this frame, both being formed by means of a strip material. The mesh 12 defines cells 13 with a closed contour on itself, these cells being all identical, with the possible exception of those bordering the frame 11, and being regularly distributed in the mesh. The walls of the cells 13 are parallel to the axes of these cells and, like the sides of the frame 11, perpendicular to the faces of the latter.

Sur la figure 1, les alvéoles 13 sont délimités par une surface de section transversale hexagonale.In FIG. 1, the cells 13 are delimited by a surface of hexagonal cross section.

La section transversale de chaque alvéole pourra prendre la forme d'autres polygones (figure 2) ou être courbe (figure 3), tout en conservant, de préférence, une forme symétrique par rapport à son centre.The cross section of each cell may take the form of other polygons (Figure 2) or be curved (Figure 3), while retaining, preferably, a symmetrical shape relative to its center.

Pour la fabrication de l'armature, on utilise un matériau en bande compatible avec le béton utilisé et présentant une résistance à la traction élevée et une rigidité suffisante. Peuvent convenir, par exemple, des feuillards métalliques ou des rubans de matériaux non métalliques, rigides ou rigidifiés.For the manufacture of the reinforcement, a strip material compatible with the concrete used and having a high tensile strength and sufficient rigidity is used. May be suitable, for example, metal strips or tapes of non-metallic, rigid or stiffened materials.

La figure 4 illustre un mode particulier de réalisation d'une armature réticulée.FIG. 4 illustrates a particular embodiment of a crosslinked reinforcement.

Des feuillards d'acier 20, 21, 22,..... sont dévidés de rouleaux 23, 24, 25..... Le feuillard 20 est destiné à constituer le cadre 11. Les feuillards 21, 22,..... sont soumis à une opération de formage pour réaliser des parties en creux 21a, 22a,..... qui, par assemblage de deux feuillards constituent les alvéoles 13.Steel strips 20, 21, 22, ..... are unwound rollers 23, 24, 25 ..... The strip 20 is intended to constitute the frame 11. The strips 21, 22, ..... are subjected to a forming operation to produce hollow parts 21a, 22a , ..... which, by assembling two strips constitute the cells 13.

Cet assemblage est réalisé par soudage ou mécaniquement par rivetage ou agrafage. Il est à noter que cet assemblage doit être réalisé avec soin car il doit résister aux efforts de traction et de cisaillement qui se développent à l'interface entre alvéoles contigus lorsque l'élément contenant l'armature est soumis à des contraintes.This assembly is carried out by welding or mechanically by riveting or stapling. It should be noted that this assembly must be carried out with care because it must resist the tensile and shear forces which develop at the interface between contiguous cells when the element containing the reinforcement is subjected to stresses.

A titre de variante, on pourra utiliser, pour former les alvéoles, des feuillards 30 (figure 5) qui sont soumis chacun à une opération de découpage pour former des découpes 32, parallèles aux bords du feuillard, qui partagent en trois bandes égales 33a, 33b, 33c des segments de feuillard répartis le long de celui-ci en étant séparés les uns des autres par des intervalles 31 non prédécoupés. Le feuillard est ensuite soumis à une opération de déployage consistant à replier les bandes 33a, 33b, 33c alternativement d'un coté et de l'autre du plan du feuillard, les bandes 33a et 33c situées le long des bords du feuillard étant à chaque fois repliées du côté du feuillard opposé à celui du côté duquel est repliée la bande centrale 33b située initialement entre ces deux bandes. Des méplats 34 sont formés aux sommets des parties repliées pour permettre la construction de la résille par assemblage des feuillards déployés,l'assemblage étant réalisé par exemple par soudage.As a variant, it is possible to use, to form the cells, strips 30 (FIG. 5) which are each subjected to a cutting operation to form cuts 32, parallel to the edges of the strip, which divide into three equal strips 33a, 33b, 33c of the strip segments distributed along the latter being separated from each other by intervals 31 which are not precut. The strip is then subjected to a deployment operation consisting in folding the strips 33a, 33b, 33c alternately on one side and the other of the strip plane, the strips 33a and 33c located along the edges of the strip being at each folded back on the side of the strip opposite to that on the side of which is folded the central strip 33b located initially between these two strips. Flats 34 are formed at the tops of the folded portions to enable the construction of the mesh by assembling the strips P LOYES, the assembly being made for example by welding.

La figure 6 illustre un autre mode de fabrication d'une armature conforme à l'invention. La résille est obtenue à partir d'une tresse 40 tissée de façon à former les alvéoles et rigidifiée par immersion dans un matériau, par exemple une résine, qui se rigidifie en se solidifiant.FIG. 6 illustrates another method of manufacturing an armature according to the invention. The mesh is obtained from a braid 40 woven so as to form the cells and stiffened by immersion in a material, for example a resin, which stiffens by solidifying.

A titre de variante,on pourra utiliser des tresses assemblées entre elles, comme les feuillards 21, 22 illustrés par la figure 4, après avoir été plissées ou ondulées et rigidifiées.As a variant, it is possible to use braids assembled together, such as the strips 21, 22 illustrated in FIG. 4, after having been pleated or wavy and stiffened.

L'armature est enrobée sur toute sa périphérie par une couche de béton 14. Cet enrobage vise, d'une part, à protéger l'armature d'une éventuelle corrosion et, d'autre part, à résister aux poussées exercées par les noyaux, en particulier par bombement de ceux-ci, lorsque l'armature est soumise à des efforts. Si l'enrobage s'avère insuffisant pour remplir cette dernière fonction, il est possible de renforcer le béton d'enrobage au moyen d'une armature de peau 15 constituée par un treillis métallique à mailles fines et serrées entourant l'armature réticulée sur toute sa périphérie.The reinforcement is coated over its entire periphery with a layer of concrete 14. This coating aims, on the one hand, to protect the reinforcement from possible corrosion and, on the other hand, to resist the thrusts exerted by the cores , in particular by bulging them, when the armature is subjected to forces. If the coating proves to be insufficient to fulfill this latter function, it is possible to reinforce the coating concrete by means of a skin reinforcement 15 constituted by a wire mesh with fine and tight meshes surrounding the cross-linked reinforcement over all its periphery.

L'épaisseur du béton d'enrobage 14, notamment s'il est renforcé, peut être limitée à valeur de l'ordre du cm, par exemple comprise entre 0,5 et 2 cm.The thickness of the coating concrete 14, in particular if it is reinforced, can be limited to a value of the order of cm, for example between 0.5 and 2 cm.

Il faut noter aussi que l'armature doit occuper au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur de l'élément pour que les propriétés mécaniques de cet élément soient aussi proches que possible de celles d'un matériau homogène.It should also be noted that the reinforcement must occupy at least half the thickness of the element so that the mechanical properties of this element are as close as possible to those of a homogeneous material.

Pour la fabrication de l'élément, l'armature est mise en place dans un moule avant ou après remplissage de celui-ci par le béton . Le béton utilisé est un béton de liant hydraulique ou autre présentant une bonne résistance à la compression.For the production of the element, the reinforcement is placed in a mold before or after filling it with concrete. The concrete used is a hydraulic binder concrete or the like having good resistance to compression.

Il est important que le béton remplisse totalement les alvéoles de l'armature de manière à ne pas laisser de jeu entre les parois des alvéoles et les noyaux de béton contenus dans ceux-ci. Ce remplissage correct des alvéoles est obtenu par vibration ou tassement du béton dans le moule. La vibration peut en particulier être réalisée au moyen de l'armature elle-même.It is important that the concrete completely fills the cells of the reinforcement so as not to leave any play between the walls of the cells and the concrete cores contained in them. This correct filling of the cells is obtained by vibration or compaction of the concrete in the mold. The vibration can in particular be achieved by means of the frame itself.

On donne ci-après un exemple de réalisation d'un é 1 é ment conforme à l'invention en forme de planche. On se référera aux figures 7 à 11.An exemplary embodiment of a é 1 é ment according to the invention in the form of a board. We will refer to Figures 7 to 11.

ExempleExample

La résille est fabriquée en feuillard d'acier de largeur de 20 mm, l'acier étant un acier de classe A33 ayant une limite élastique égale à 18hbars et un allongement rémanent de 18 %.The mesh is made of steel strip 20 mm wide, the steel being a class A33 steel having an elastic limit equal to 18 bar and a residual elongation of 18%.

Le cadre rectangulaire 11 (figure 8) est en feuillard d'épaisseur 3 mm. Sa longueur et sa largeur sont respectivement égales à 5 m et 18,6 cm.The rectangular frame 11 (FIG. 8) is made of strip 3 mm thick. Its length and width are respectively 5 m and 18.6 cm.

Les alvéoles 13 sont en feuillard d'épaisseur 2 mm et à section transversale hexagonale. Les dimensions référencées a, b et c sur la figure 8 sont respectivement égales à 75 mm, 60 mm et 15 mm. Des soudures sont réalisées entre tous les côtés adjacents des alvéoles.The cells 13 are made of strip 2 mm thick and with a hexagonal cross section. The dimensions referenced a, b and c in Figure 8 are respectively equal to 75 mm, 60 mm and 15 mm. Welds are made between all adjacent sides of the cells.

Autour de la résille, on dispose, en tant qu'armature de peau, un treillis 15 métallique en fil d'acier de 1 mm de diamètre et à mailles carrées de 15 mm de côté.Around the mesh, there is provided, as a skin reinforcement, a wire mesh 15 of steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm and a square mesh with a side of 15 mm.

Le béton est réalisé avec un dosage en ciment de 500 kg/m3 et des granulats de dimension maximale égale à 8 mm. La résistance à la compression mesurée à 28 jours est 550 bars et la résistance à la traction mesurée à 28 jours est 42 bars.The concrete is produced with a cement dosage of 500 kg / m 3 and aggregates of maximum dimension equal to 8 mm. The compressive strength measured at 28 days is 550 bars and the tensile strength measured at 28 days is 42 bars.

L'armature est positionnée dans un moule à l'aide de distanciers avant coulage du béton. La mise en place du béton est effectuée à l'aide d'une règle vibrante.The reinforcement is positioned in a mold using spacers before pouring the concrete. The concrete is placed using a vibrating rule.

La planche 50 obtenue, représentée en coupe transversale sur la figure 7 a une longueur égale à 5,05 m, une hauteur h égale à 23 cm et une épaisseur e égale à 4 cm.The board 50 obtained, shown in cross section in Figure 7 has a length equal to 5.05 m, a height h equal to 23 cm and a thickness e equal to 4 cm.

Des essais de transport ont démontré que la planche peut être, sans problème, soulevée à ses extrémités ou en son milieu en étant tenue horizontalement avec ses faces verticales ou horizontales.Transport tests have shown that the board can be lifted at its ends or in the middle without any problem while being held horizontally with its vertical or horizontal faces.

Des essais de flexion ont ensuite été effectués.Bending tests were then carried out.

Deux planches 50 identiques ont été boulonnées en trois points, à leurs extrémités et en leur milieu (figure 9) avec interposition de cales 56 en bois.Two identical boards 50 were bolted at three points, at their ends and in the middle (FIG. 9) with the interposition of wooden wedges 56.

Un essai de flexion de cet assemblage suivant le sens de la hauteur a été effectué comme illustré par la figure 10, les planches reposant horizontalement de chant sur deux points d'appui distants d'une longueur L1 égale à 4,80 m. Une charge verticale F1 appliquée sur les planches en étant répartie par moitié

Figure imgb0001
en deux points situés symétriquement par rapport au milieu des planches et distants l'un de l'autre d'une longueur 11 égale à 1,45 m.A bending test of this assembly in the direction of the height was carried out as illustrated in FIG. 10, the boards resting horizontally on edge on two distant support points with a length L 1 equal to 4.80 m. A vertical load F 1 applied to the boards, being divided in half
Figure imgb0001
 at two points located symmetrically with respect to the middle of the boards and spaced from each other by a length 1 1 equal to 1.45 m.

Un essai de flexion d'une planche dans le sens transversal a ensuite été effectué comme représenté sur la figure 11, la planche reposant horizontalement à plat sur deux points d'appui distants d'une longueur L2 et étant soumise à une charge verticale F2 en un point situé à égales distances des points d'appui.A bending test of a board in the transverse direction was then carried out as shown in FIG. 11, the board resting horizontally flat on two distant support points with a length L 2 and being subjected to a vertical load F 2 at a point located at equal distances from the support points.

Les résultats des essais de flexion sont donnés dans dans le tableau suivant.

Figure imgb0002
The results of the bending tests are given in the following table.
Figure imgb0002

La planche présente une bonne résistance aux efforts exercés suivant le grand axe de sa section transversale. En outre, bien que dans l'essai de flexion dans le sens de la hauteur, la rupture soit imputable à une soudure défectueuse entre deux alvéoles contigus, les résultats des essais montrent que l'élément de béton conforme à l'invention présente un comportement mécanique semblable à celui d'un matériau homogène pour des valeurs de charges assez élevées. En effet, le rapport entre charge de rupture et charge de fissuration est de 1,40 dans le sens transversal. On peut encore noter que l'élément en forme de planche conforme à l'invention présente des caractéristiques mécaniques en flexion tout à fait acceptables eu égard à l'utilisation que l'on peut envisager pour de tels éléments.The board has good resistance to the forces exerted along the long axis of its cross section. In addition, although in the bending test in the height direction, the rupture is attributable to a defective weld between two contiguous cells, the results of the tests show that the concrete element according to the invention exhibits a behavior mechanical similar to that of a homogeneous material for fairly high load values. Indeed, the ratio between breaking load and cracking load is 1.40 in the transverse direction. It may also be noted that the board-shaped element according to the invention has entirely acceptable mechanical flexural characteristics having regard to the use that can be envisaged for such elements.

L'élément en forme de planche conforme à l'invention peut convenir pour la réalisation de glissières de sécurité le long de voies de circulation routière, de coffrage perdu, d'échafaudage,.....The plank-shaped element in accordance with the invention may be suitable for the production of crash barriers along traffic lanes, lost formwork, scaffolding, etc.

Le cas échéant, l'élément conforme à l'invention peut être renforcé de façon supplémentaire par des procédés connus, par exemple par la mise en place d'armatures rectilignes à section circulaire le long des grands côtés de l'armature réticulée. L'élément peut être imprégné d'une résine qui durcit en polymérisant. Il pourrait aussi être précontraint.If necessary, the element in accordance with the invention can be reinforced in additional manner by known methods, for example by the installation of rectilinear reinforcements with circular section along the long sides of the reticulated reinforcement. The element may be impregnated with a resin which hardens upon polymerization. It could also be prestressed.

On notera notamment que le renforcement du béton d'enrobage entourant l'armature réticulée pourra être réalisé par imprégnation au moyen d'une résine polymérisable.It will be noted in particular that the reinforcement of the coating concrete surrounding the crosslinked reinforcement can be carried out by impregnation by means of a polymerizable resin.

Les figures 12 à 15 illustrent des structures comportant plusieurs planches assemblées entre elles.Figures 12 to 15 illustrate structures comprising several boards assembled together.

L'assemblage peut être réalisé en disposant les planches 60 les unes sur les autres et en les assemblant, par exemple, par collage pour former une membrane lamellaire (figure 12) ou un arc de cercle de grande portée (figure 13).The assembly can be carried out by placing the boards 60 on top of each other and by assembling them, for example, by gluing to form a lamel membrane. laire (Figure 12) or a long arc (Figure 13).

Dans le cas illustré par la figure 14, les planches 70 sont assemblées en elles et, éventuellement, à des éléments intermédiaires, au moyen de goupilles ou boulons 76 traversant les planches perpendiculairement à leurs grandes faces. Il est à noter que le perçage d'un trou dans une planche, au travers d'un alvéole, n'engendre pas de fissures et n'amoindrit en rien les propriétés mécaniques de la planche. Les planches ainsi assemblées peuvent être utilisées pour la réalisation de charpente ou de plancher.In the case illustrated in FIG. 14, the boards 70 are assembled in them and, optionally, to intermediate elements, by means of pins or bolts 76 crossing the boards perpendicular to their large faces. It should be noted that drilling a hole in a board, through a cell, does not cause cracks and does not affect the mechanical properties of the board in any way. The boards thus assembled can be used for the realization of frame or floor.

La figure 15 illustre une autre structure comportant des éléments 80 conformes à l'invention. Ceux-ci forment les flancs d'un profil monolithe creux et sont reliés par des parties de liaison en béton 86. Des armatures de liaison reliées aux armatures réticulées des éléments 80 peuvent être prévues dans les parties de liaison 86.FIG. 15 illustrates another structure comprising elements 80 in accordance with the invention. These form the sides of a hollow monolith profile and are connected by concrete connection parts 86. Connection reinforcements connected to the crosslinked reinforcements of the elements 80 can be provided in the connection parts 86.

Claims (11)

1. Elément de construction en forme de planche, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé en béton renforcé par une armature réticulée s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur et la largeur de l'élément et sur au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur de celui-ci, ladite armature comportant, comme connu en soi, une résille dont les alvéoles sont délimités par une paroi latérale en forme de bande sensiblement perpendiculaire aux grandes faces de l'élément, le béton enrobant complètement la résille et remplissant les alvéoles.1. A building element in the form of a plank, characterized in that it is made of concrete reinforced by a reticulated reinforcement extending substantially over the entire length and width of the element and over at least half the thickness. thereof, said frame comprising, as known per se, a mesh whose cells are delimited by a side wall in the form of a strip substantially perpendicular to the large faces of the element, the concrete completely coating the mesh and filling the cells. 2. Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la résille est entourée et délimitée par un cadre rectangulaire en forme de bande.2. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the mesh is surrounded and delimited by a rectangular frame in the form of a strip. 3. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'armature réticulée est renforcée par des armatures rectilignes suivant sa plus grande dimension.3. Construction element according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the crosslinked reinforcement is reinforced by rectilinear reinforcements according to its largest dimension. 4. Elément de consstruction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la résille est constituée par un assemblage de feuillards découpés et déployés pour former chacun une rangée d'alvéoles.4. element of construction according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mesh consists of an assembly of strips cut and deployed to each form a row of cells. 5. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la résille est constituée par une tresse tissée rigidifiée par imprégnation d'un matériau et formant les parois des alvéoles.5. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mesh consists of a woven braid stiffened by impregnation of a material and forming the walls of the cells. 6. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le béton enrobant l'armature réticulée est renforcé par une armature de peau entourant cette armature sur toute sa périphérie.6. Construction element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the concrete coating the crosslinked reinforcement is reinforced by a skin reinforcement surrounding this reinforcement over its entire periphery. 7. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le béton enrobant l'armature réticulée est renforcé par imprégnation au moyen d'une résine polymérisable.7. Construction element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the concrete coating the crosslinked reinforcement is reinforced by impregnation by means of a polymerizable resin. 8. Structure comportant plusieurs éléments de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7.8. Structure comprising several construction elements according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. Structure selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les éléments en forme de planche sont disposés les uns sur les autres et assemblés les uns aux autres pour former une structure lamellaire.9. Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the board-shaped elements are arranged one on the other and assembled with each other to form a lamellar structure. 10. Structure selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les éléments en forme de planche sont assemblés entre eux par des pièces de liaison perpendiculaires aux grandes faces des éléments, pour former une structure de charpente.10. Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the board-shaped elements are assembled together by connecting pieces perpendicular to the large faces of the elements, to form a framework structure. 11. Structure selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les éléments en forme de planche sont reliés par des parties en béton renforcées par des armatures de liaison reliées aux armatures réticulées desdits éléments.11. Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the board-shaped elements are connected by concrete parts reinforced by connecting reinforcements connected to the crosslinked reinforcements of said elements.
EP79400205A 1978-04-19 1979-03-30 Construction element in the form of a slab and structure comprising such an element Expired EP0005092B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7811587 1978-04-19
FR7811587A FR2423600A1 (en) 1978-04-19 1978-04-19 PROCESS AND REINFORCEMENT FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE AND CONCRETE ELEMENT OBTAINED

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EP0005092A1 true EP0005092A1 (en) 1979-10-31
EP0005092B1 EP0005092B1 (en) 1983-03-30

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EP (1) EP0005092B1 (en)
AT (1) AT368229B (en)
DE (1) DE2965089D1 (en)
ES (3) ES251127Y (en)
FR (1) FR2423600A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2142674A (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-23 Elkem As Reinforced concrete building elements
WO1999039887A1 (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Farrell, Elizabeth-Anne, Aileen Reinforcing a settable material
ITRM20090075A1 (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-20 Pasquale Impero ESAGONAL CELL ARMOR FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE127104C (en) *
GB191302856A (en) * 1913-02-04 1913-07-10 Harry Howard Henthorne Improvements in or relating to Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Blocks and the like.
FR625005A (en) * 1926-10-25 1927-08-01 Irving Iron Works Co Reinforced concrete slab
GB359322A (en) * 1931-01-14 1931-10-22 Alfred Percival Gupwell An improved steel or metal mesh for reinforcing concrete, asphalt and like material
GB700402A (en) * 1949-04-28 1953-12-02 Ward Hugh Richards Improvements relating to components for buildings
CH358574A (en) * 1958-07-25 1961-11-30 Stampfli Joseph Component
DE1509048A1 (en) * 1963-06-19 1969-02-06 Wuppermann Gmbh Theodor Reinforced building board
DE1759133A1 (en) * 1968-04-03 1971-06-03 Fritz Siegmeier Road surface

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE127104C (en) *
GB191302856A (en) * 1913-02-04 1913-07-10 Harry Howard Henthorne Improvements in or relating to Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Blocks and the like.
FR625005A (en) * 1926-10-25 1927-08-01 Irving Iron Works Co Reinforced concrete slab
GB359322A (en) * 1931-01-14 1931-10-22 Alfred Percival Gupwell An improved steel or metal mesh for reinforcing concrete, asphalt and like material
GB700402A (en) * 1949-04-28 1953-12-02 Ward Hugh Richards Improvements relating to components for buildings
CH358574A (en) * 1958-07-25 1961-11-30 Stampfli Joseph Component
DE1509048A1 (en) * 1963-06-19 1969-02-06 Wuppermann Gmbh Theodor Reinforced building board
DE1759133A1 (en) * 1968-04-03 1971-06-03 Fritz Siegmeier Road surface

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2142674A (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-23 Elkem As Reinforced concrete building elements
WO1999039887A1 (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Farrell, Elizabeth-Anne, Aileen Reinforcing a settable material
ITRM20090075A1 (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-20 Pasquale Impero ESAGONAL CELL ARMOR FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE.

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Publication number Publication date
ES249009U (en) 1980-11-16
ES249008Y (en) 1981-04-16
AT368229B (en) 1982-09-27
FR2423600A1 (en) 1979-11-16
ES251127Y (en) 1981-07-16
ATA293679A (en) 1982-01-15
ES249008U (en) 1980-11-16
EP0005092B1 (en) 1983-03-30
FR2423600B1 (en) 1983-01-28
ES251127U (en) 1981-02-01
ES249009Y (en) 1981-04-16
DE2965089D1 (en) 1983-05-05

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