EP0000857A1 - Photoelectric control device - Google Patents

Photoelectric control device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000857A1
EP0000857A1 EP78810008A EP78810008A EP0000857A1 EP 0000857 A1 EP0000857 A1 EP 0000857A1 EP 78810008 A EP78810008 A EP 78810008A EP 78810008 A EP78810008 A EP 78810008A EP 0000857 A1 EP0000857 A1 EP 0000857A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
source
photo
fiber
detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78810008A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000857B1 (en
Inventor
Alan Lewis Harmer
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Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Publication of EP0000857A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000857A1/en
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Publication of EP0000857B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000857B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/965Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
    • H03K17/968Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using opto-electronic devices

Definitions

  • electro-mechanical or electronic switches or switches of the capacitive or resistive type
  • electro-mechanical or electronic switches or switches of the capacitive or resistive type
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the subject of the present invention is a photoelectric control device, comprising a light source, a photo-detector, an electric switch actuated by the photo-detector as a function of the light intensity received and a control member for selectively directing light from the source to said photo-detector.
  • This device is characterized by the fact that this device comprises display means intended to receive the light from said source and by the fact that said control member is associated with at least one at least selectively reflecting surface and is capable of occupy two limit positions to move this reflecting surface relative to said source and to direct the light beam coming from this source towards said photo-detector, in one of said limit positions, respectively towards said display means, in the other of these positions.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments of monostable control devices; Figures 3 to 5 show three other embodiments of bistable control devices; FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of the bistable control device with two light sources; Figure 7 is a block diagram of the electronic circuit associated with the control devices Figures 1 to 6.
  • control pusher is shown in the rest position, that is to say in the position in which the light from the source is used for display.
  • FIG. 1 represents an embodiment in which the control member is constituted by a transparent push button 1 in a stable position, constantly returned to this position by an elastic return member 2.
  • This push button 1 is slidably mounted in an aluminum block 3 having a housing 4 intended to receive the head 1a of the push button 1 held against the pressure of the return member 2 by a stop screw 5 engaged in a clearance 6 of the head 1 .
  • This button 1 also includes a guide part 1b engaged in a bore 7 formed in the bottom of the housing 4.
  • the push button ends with a prism whose end face is preferably metallized.
  • An optical fiber 8 connected to a light source constituted by a light-emitting diode LED is housed in the aluminum block 3 and opens out near the prism lc.
  • This optical fiber 8 is arranged relative to the reflecting face of the prism, so that the light which it sends against this reflecting face is returned against the external face of the push button, thus producing the display.
  • a second optical fiber 9 is disposed in the block 3, on the side of the metallized face of the prism lc. It extends in the extension of the fiber 8 and leads to a photo-detector (not shown).
  • the reflecting face of the prism lc is adjacent to two parallel transparent faces ld and the, so that when the push button is pressed at the bottom of its housing 4, these two transparent parallel faces find respectively opposite the ends of the optical fibers 8 and 9. Consequently, the light rays leaving the fiber 8 and coming from the LED source pass through the faces ld and the and penetrate into the fiber 9 which leads them to to the photo detector.
  • the display does not constitute an indication of the state of the switch or of the switch controlled by the device described, but rather a simple means of lighting the button.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 differs only slightly from that of FIG. 1.
  • the push button 11 of this embodiment has two reflecting faces llc l and llc 2 arranged at 90 from one another and at 45 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the push button 11.
  • Two fibers 12 and 13 parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the push button 11 terminate near the longitudinal face lle of the pusher opposite the faces reflective llc 1 and llc 2 , the fiber 12 being opposite the llc 1 face and the fiber 13, facing the llc 2 face.
  • the other end of the fiber 12 is connected to the light source constituted by the LED photo-diode, while the fiber 13 ends at the photo-detector.
  • An opaque screen 14 is formed along the longitudinal face of the plunger. This screen 14 is placed so as to be in front of the end of the fiber 13 in the rest position of the push button 11.
  • the reflecting face 11c 1 extends over the entire width of the pusher 11, while the llc face 2 only extends over approximately half of this width.
  • the optical fiber 12 is located opposite the portion of the reflecting face llc 1 adjacent to the end of the push button 11.
  • the light rays emerging from the fiber 12 and reflected by the face llc l in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pusher 11 exit through the external face of the head lla of this button.
  • the screen 14 moves away from the fiber 13, the reflecting face 11c 1 also moves, so that the light which it receives is returned against the reflecting face llc 2 which directs it towards the fiber 13 to activate the photo-detector.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3 relates to a control device, in which the push button 21 is capable of alternately occupying two stable positions.
  • the mechanism for placing the push button 21 in these two positions is well known. It is shown here schematically and by way of example, it being understood that it can be replaced by any other mechanism of the same kind.
  • This mechanism comprises two pairs of lugs 25a, 25b secured to a cylindrical rod 21d of the push button 21 and a double cam 26 rotatably mounted around the rod 21d.
  • This cam 26 has two ratchet teeth 26a, 26b of four teeth each offset angularly.
  • the teeth 26b have two diametrically opposite axial grooves 26c intended to define one of the two axial positions of the push button 21.
  • a projection 27 integral with the rod 21d and engaged in a groove 28 prevents any angular displacement of the push button 21.
  • the lugs 25a come into engagement with the toothing 26a and rotate the cam 26 by a sufficient angle so that, by releasing the push button, then subjected to the action of a spring of reminder 29, the pins 25b meet the next tooth of the cam 26b and continue to rotate the cam 90 °.
  • the pins 25b engage the teeth which end in one of the axial grooves 26c. On entering it, they place the push button in its high axial position while the following teeth of the cam 26b, having no grooves 26c, will define, the next time the push button is pressed, the lower axial position of this button.
  • the internal end of this push button has a reflective face 21c inclined at 45 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the push button and the external face of which is preferably metallized.
  • two optical fibers 22 and 23 open opposite each other in a housing 24 receiving the inner end of the push button 21.
  • the light transmission from the fiber 22 supplied by the source to the fiber 23 leading to the photodetector does not take place through two parallel faces adjacent to the reflecting face 21c, but directly through the housing 24, the end of the push button being spaced from the path joining these two fibers 22 and 23.
  • the reflecting face 21c is interposed in the path connecting the fibers 22 and 23, directing the outgoing light of the fiber 22 against the external face of the button 21 in order to illuminate it.
  • the external face of the button 21 is only lit in one of the two stable positions of this button, thus indicating the "on” or “off” or “on” “off” state of the button. 'light switch.
  • the metallized reflecting face 21c is disposed between the optical fibers 22, 23 and the exterior, consequently preventing ambient light. to interfere with that coming from the photoelectric diode.
  • This same reflecting face 21c also prevents any light from reaching the photo-detector in the other position of the push button, by coming to be placed in front of the end of the fiber 23 opening into the housing 24.
  • the control device makes it possible to separate the control itself from the switch or switch, guaranteeing at the same time total isolation between the manually actuated control and the electric switch well said.
  • a fiber optic transmission element connecting the "control" part to the "switch” part such a device is also suitable for remote control.
  • remote control it is however required to use very low loss optical fibers in order to maintain a sufficient light intensity for the excitation of the photo-detector.
  • These fibers are relatively expensive; therefore it is interesting in this case to consider a solution in which the same fiber conducts light from the light source to the control push button and brings this light back to the photo-detector according to the position of the push button.
  • the push button 31 comprises a first reflecting surface 31 C1 disposed at 45 relative to the axis of the fiber 32 and at 45 ° relative to the external surface of the push button used for display as in the case of the other embodiments described.
  • a second reflecting surface 31c 2 perpendicular to the axis of the optical fiber 32 is arranged in the extension of the interior end of the push button 31.
  • This push button is in two stable positions like that of the previous embodiment.
  • the reflecting surfaces 31c 1 , 31c 2 are placed alternately in front of the end of the fiber 32, so that the light coming from the photoelectric diode is sometimes directed against the external face of the push button 31, sometimes returned into the fiber 32.
  • the other end of this fiber has a Y connection to separate the light emitted by the LED diode from that transmitted to the photo-detector PD.
  • Figure 5 illustrates another embodiment for transmitting light in two directions using a single fiber.
  • a bistable push button 41 of the type described in relation to FIG. 3 is used.
  • the end of the push button has a double reflecting surface 41c 1 , 41c 2 each forming an angle of 45 ° with the axis. of the push button and a 90 ° angle between them.
  • the common optical fiber 42 ends in a loop 43 interrupted by the housing 44 of the push button 41.
  • the two branches of this loop 43 cut by the housing 44 are, in the pressed position of the push button 41, opposite the reflecting surfaces 41c 1 , 41c 2 which direct the light towards the external face of the push button.
  • the light from the source passes from one side to the other of the housing 44 and returns through the optical fiber 42 as in the previous embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a variant in which two LED sources, and LED 2 supply a common optical fiber 52.
  • the push button 51 carries a selectively reflecting mirror 5la intended to be interposed between the output end of the fiber 52 and the reflecting face 51c of the push button dahs one of the two stable positions of the button 51.
  • the two sources emit light of specific wavelength.
  • the LED source - can emit in the infrared and the mirror 5la can only reflect this wavelength.
  • the other LED source 2 then emits visible light which is not reflected by the mirror.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, an electronic circuit intended to be associated with the control devices described above, in particular with bistable devices.
  • This circuit comprises a supply line LA to which two multivibrators Ml and M2 are connected.
  • the multivibrator Ml is connected to the light source constituted by the photo-diode LED and to the photo-detector PD both connected to the control device by an optical fiber or by a common optical fiber.
  • the multivibrator Ml emits very short pulses with a relatively low repetition frequency, chosen so that the light emitted by the LED diode is practically not visible to the eye, but is detectable by the photo-detector PD.
  • This photo-detector is connected to the input of a bistable switch CB of which another input is connected to the multivibrator M2.
  • the two outputs of this switch are connected to the LED and to the selection channel, in the case of a television set for example.
  • the bistable switch CB When the push button is pressed, a change in signal level is recorded by the photodetector PD which actuates the bistable switch CB. This then connects the multivibrator M2 to the LED diode which emits a power signal which makes the light from the diode visible to the eye. Simultaneously, the bistable switch CB send a control signal to the selection channel.

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  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

1. A photoelectric control device, comprising a light source, a photodetector, an electrical switch actuated by the photodetector as a function of the light intensity received and a control element rigid with a reflecting element which control element may occupy two end positions, in one of which positions the light from the said source is directed towards the photodetector, characterised in that the device comprises display means disposed in such a way as to receive the light from the said source when the said control element is in the other of the end positions.

Description

Il existe de nombreuses applications dans lesquels les interrupteurs ou commutateurs électro-mécaniques ou électroniques (du type capacitif ou résistif) n'offrent pas une sécurité suffisante ou une bonne fiabilité de fonctionnement. C'est notamment le cas d'appareils travaillant avec des circuits haute tension, comme les circuits associés aux tubes cathodi-- ques des appareils de télévision.There are many applications in which electro-mechanical or electronic switches or switches (of the capacitive or resistive type) do not offer sufficient safety or good operating reliability. This is particularly the case for devices working with high-voltage circuits, such as the circuits associated with cathode-ray tubes of television sets.

On a déjà proposé de remédier à ces inconvénients en utilisant des systèmes électro-optiques' dans lesquels la lumière émise par une source de lumière est dirigée sélectivement sur un photo-détecteur servant à commander un interrupteur, suivant qu'il reçoit ou non une certaine quantité de lumière. Accessoirement on a également proposé d'utiliser la lumière de cette même source en tant que témoin lumineux ou moyen d'affichage. Les solutions proposées en vue d'utiliser la lumière de la source pour actionner un photo-détecteur ou pour éclairer les moyens d'affichage, ont recours à une surface semi-réfléchissante pour dévier une portion de la lumière dirigée contre la surface d'affichage vers le photo-détecteur. L'inconvénient de ces solutions réside essentiellement dans le fait qu'une portion importante de la lumière émise par la source est perdue aussi bien pour l'affichage que pour actionner le photo-détecteur. Etant donné que la lumière de la source est généralement de faible intensité, provenant d'une photo-diode et transmise par une fibre optique, il est important, pour la qualité de l'affichage et pour la fiabilité de fonctionnement du photo-détecteur, de réduire ces pertes à un minimum.It has already been proposed to remedy these drawbacks by using electro-optical systems in which the light emitted by a light source is directed selectively to a photo-detector used to control a switch, depending on whether or not it receives a certain amount of light. Incidentally, it has also been proposed to use the light from this same source as a light indicator or display means. The solutions proposed in order to use the light from the source to activate a photo-detector or to illuminate the display means, use a semi-reflecting surface to deflect a portion of the light directed against the display surface towards the photo-detector. The disadvantage of these solutions lies essentially in the fact that a large portion of the light emitted by the source is lost both for display and for actuating the photo-detector. Since the light of the source is generally of weak intensity, coming from a Photo-diode and transmitted by an optical fiber, it is important, for the quality of the display and for the operating reliability of the photo-detector, to reduce these losses to a minimum.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier au moins partiellement aux inconvénients susmentionnés.The object of the present invention is to at least partially remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de commande photoélectrique, comprenant une source de lumière, un photo-détecteur, un interrupteur électrique actionné par le photo-détecteur en fonction de l'intensité lumineuse reçue et un organe de commande pour diriger sélectivement la lumière de la source vers ledit photo-détecteur. Ce dispositif est caractérisé par le fait que ce dispositif comporte des moyens d'affichage destinés à recevoir la lumière de ladite source et par le fait que.ledit organe de commande est associé à au moins une surface au moins sélectivement réfléchissante et est susceptible d'occuper deux positions limites pour déplacer cette surface réfléchissante par rapport à ladite source et pour diriger le faisceau lumineux issu de cette source vers ledit photo-détecteur, dans l'une desdites positions limites, respectivement vers lesdits moyens d'affichage, dans l'autre de ces positions.To this end, the subject of the present invention is a photoelectric control device, comprising a light source, a photo-detector, an electric switch actuated by the photo-detector as a function of the light intensity received and a control member for selectively directing light from the source to said photo-detector. This device is characterized by the fact that this device comprises display means intended to receive the light from said source and by the fact that said control member is associated with at least one at least selectively reflecting surface and is capable of occupy two limit positions to move this reflecting surface relative to said source and to direct the light beam coming from this source towards said photo-detector, in one of said limit positions, respectively towards said display means, in the other of these positions.

Le dessin annexé illustre, schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, quelques formes d'exécution du dispositif objet de la présente invention.The attached drawing illustrates, schematically and by way of example, some embodiments of the device which is the subject of the present invention.

Les figurés 1 et 2 représentent deux formes d'exécution de dispositifs de commande monostables; les figures 3 à 5 représentent trois autres formes d'exécution de dispositifs de commande bistables ; la figure 6 illustre une variante du dispositif de commande bistable avec deux sources lumineuses ; la figure 7 est un schéma-bloc du circuit électronique associé aux dispositifs de commandes des figures 1 à 6.Figures 1 and 2 show two embodiments of monostable control devices; Figures 3 to 5 show three other embodiments of bistable control devices; FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of the bistable control device with two light sources; Figure 7 is a block diagram of the electronic circuit associated with the control devices Figures 1 to 6.

Dans le cas des deux formes d'exécution des figures 1 et 2 se rapportant à un dispositif de commande monostable, le poussoir de commande est représenté en position de repos, c'est-à-dire dans la position dans laquelle la lumière de la source est utilisée pour l'affichage.In the case of the two embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 relating to a monostable control device, the control pusher is shown in the rest position, that is to say in the position in which the light from the source is used for display.

La figure 1 représente une forme d'exécution dans laquelle l'organe de commande est constitué par un bouton poussoir 1 transparent à une position stable, constamment rappelé dans cette position par un organe de rappel élastique 2. Ce bouton poussoir 1 est monté coulissant dans un bloc d'aluminium 3 présentant un logement 4 destiné à recevoir la tête la du bouton poussoir 1 retenue à l'encontre de la pression de l'organe de rappel 2 par une vis de butée 5 engagée dans un dégagement 6 de la tête la. Ce bouton 1 comporte encore une partie de guidage lb engagée dans un alésage 7 ménagé dans le fond du logement 4. Le bouton poussoir se termine par un prisme dont la face d'extrémité le est de préférence métallisée.FIG. 1 represents an embodiment in which the control member is constituted by a transparent push button 1 in a stable position, constantly returned to this position by an elastic return member 2. This push button 1 is slidably mounted in an aluminum block 3 having a housing 4 intended to receive the head 1a of the push button 1 held against the pressure of the return member 2 by a stop screw 5 engaged in a clearance 6 of the head 1 . This button 1 also includes a guide part 1b engaged in a bore 7 formed in the bottom of the housing 4. The push button ends with a prism whose end face is preferably metallized.

Une fibre optique 8 reliée à une source de lumière constituée par une diode électroluminescente LED est logée dans le bloc d'aluminium 3 et débouche à proximité du prisme lc. Cette fibre optique 8 est disposée par rapport à la face réfléchissante du prisme, de manière que la lumière qu'elle envoie contre cette face réfléchissante soit renvoyée contre la face externe du bouton poussoir, réalisant ainsi l'affichage.An optical fiber 8 connected to a light source constituted by a light-emitting diode LED is housed in the aluminum block 3 and opens out near the prism lc. This optical fiber 8 is arranged relative to the reflecting face of the prism, so that the light which it sends against this reflecting face is returned against the external face of the push button, thus producing the display.

Une seconde fibre optique 9 est disposée dans le bloc 3, du côté de la face métallisée du prisme lc. Elle s'étend dans le prolongement de la fibre 8 et conduit à un photo-détecteur (non représenté). La face réfléchissante du prisme lc est adjacente à deux-faces transparentes parallèles ld et le, de sorte',que lorsque le bouton poussoir est pressé au fond de son logement 4, ces deux faces parallèles transparentes se trouvent respectivement vis-à-vis des extrémités des fibres optiques 8 et 9. Par conséquent, les rayons lumineux sortant de la fibre 8 et provenant de la source LED traversent les faces ld et le et pénètrent dans la fibre 9 qui les conduits jusqu'au photo-détecteur. Dès que la pression sur le bouton poussoir 1 est relachée, il est ramené en arrière par l'organe de rappel 2 et la lumière issue de la fibre 8 rencontre la face réfléchissante lc du prisme qui la renvoie contre la face externe de la tête la du bouton poussoir. Dans ce cas l'affichage ne constitue pas une indication de l'état de l'interrupteur ou du commutateur commandé par le dispositif décrit, mais plutôt un simple moyen d'éclairage du bouton.A second optical fiber 9 is disposed in the block 3, on the side of the metallized face of the prism lc. It extends in the extension of the fiber 8 and leads to a photo-detector (not shown). The reflecting face of the prism lc is adjacent to two parallel transparent faces ld and the, so that when the push button is pressed at the bottom of its housing 4, these two transparent parallel faces find respectively opposite the ends of the optical fibers 8 and 9. Consequently, the light rays leaving the fiber 8 and coming from the LED source pass through the faces ld and the and penetrate into the fiber 9 which leads them to to the photo detector. As soon as the pressure on the push button 1 is released, it is brought back by the return member 2 and the light coming from the fiber 8 meets the reflecting face lc of the prism which returns it against the external face of the head. of the push button. In this case, the display does not constitute an indication of the state of the switch or of the switch controlled by the device described, but rather a simple means of lighting the button.

La forme d'exécution de la figure 2 ne diffère que légèrement de celle de la figure 1. Le bouton poussoir 11 de cette forme d'exécution comporte deux faces réfléchissantes llcl et llc2 disposées à 90 l'une de l'autre et à 45 par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du bouton poussoir 11. Deux fibres 12 et 13 parallèles l'une à l'autre et perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal du poussoir 11 aboutissent à proximité de la face longitudinale lle du poussoir opposée aux faces réfléchissantes llc1 et llc2, la fibre 12 se trouvant vis-à-vis de la face llc1 et la fibre 13, vis-à-vis de la face llc2. L'autre extrémité de la fibre 12 est reliée à la source lumineuse constituée par la photo-diode LED, tandis que la fibre 13 aboutit au photo-détecteur. Un écran opaque 14 est ménagé le long de la face longitudinale lle du poussoir. Cet écran 14 est placé de manière à se trouver devant l'extrémité de la fibre 13 en position de repos du bouton poussoir 11.The embodiment of FIG. 2 differs only slightly from that of FIG. 1. The push button 11 of this embodiment has two reflecting faces llc l and llc 2 arranged at 90 from one another and at 45 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the push button 11. Two fibers 12 and 13 parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the push button 11 terminate near the longitudinal face lle of the pusher opposite the faces reflective llc 1 and llc 2 , the fiber 12 being opposite the llc 1 face and the fiber 13, facing the llc 2 face. The other end of the fiber 12 is connected to the light source constituted by the LED photo-diode, while the fiber 13 ends at the photo-detector. An opaque screen 14 is formed along the longitudinal face of the plunger. This screen 14 is placed so as to be in front of the end of the fiber 13 in the rest position of the push button 11.

La face réfléchissante 11c1 s'étend sur toute la largeur du poussoir 11, tandis que la face llc2 ne s'étend que sur la moitié environ de cette largeur. En position de repos du bouton poussoir, la fibre optique 12 se trouve vis-à-vis de la portion de la face réfléchissante llc1 adjacente à l'extrémité du bouton poussoir 11. Les rayons lumineux sortant de la fibre 12 et réfléchis par la face llcl selon une direction parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du poussoir 11 sortent par la face externe de la tête lla de ce bouton. Lorsque le bouton poussoir est poussé, l'écran 14 s'écarte de la fibre 13, la face réfléchissante 11c1 se déplace également, de sorte que la lumière qu'elle reçoit est renvoyée contre la face réfléchissante llc2 qui la dirige vers la fibre 13 pour actionner le photo-détecteur.The reflecting face 11c 1 extends over the entire width of the pusher 11, while the llc face 2 only extends over approximately half of this width. In the rest position of the push button, the optical fiber 12 is located opposite the portion of the reflecting face llc 1 adjacent to the end of the push button 11. The light rays emerging from the fiber 12 and reflected by the face llc l in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pusher 11 exit through the external face of the head lla of this button. When the push button is pushed, the screen 14 moves away from the fiber 13, the reflecting face 11c 1 also moves, so that the light which it receives is returned against the reflecting face llc 2 which directs it towards the fiber 13 to activate the photo-detector.

La forme d'exécution illustrée par la figure 3 se rapporte à un dispositif de commande, dans lequel le bouton poussoir 21 est susceptible d'occuper alternativement deux positions stables. Le mécanisme permettant de placer le bouton poussoir 21 dans ces deux positions est bien connu. Il est représenté ici schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, étant entendu qu'il peut étre remplacé par n'importe quel autre mécanisme du même genre. Ce mécanisme comporte deux paires d'ergots 25a,25b solidaires d'unè tige cylindrique 21d du bouton poussoir 21 et une double came 26 montée rotativement autour de la tige 21d. Cette came 26 comporte deux dentures à rochet 26a,26b de quatre dents chacune décalées angulairement. En outre, la denture 26b comporte deux rainures axiales 26c diamétralement opposées destinées à définir une des deux positions axiales du bouton poussoir 21. Une saillie 27 solidaire de la tige 21d et engagée dans une rainure 28 empêche tout déplacement angulaire du bouton poussoir 21. Lors de chaque pression sur le bouton poussoir 21, les ergots 25a viennent en prise avec la denture 26a et font tourner la came 26 d'un angle suffisant pour que, en relachant le bouton poussoir, soumis alors à l'action d'un ressort de rappel 29, les ergots 25b rencontrent la dent suivante de la came 26b et continuent à faire tourner la came de 90°. Une fois sur deux, les ergots 25b viennent en prise avec les dents qui se terminent par une des rainures axiales 26c. En y pénétrant, ils placent le bouton poussoir dans sa position axiale haute tandis que les dents suivantes de la came 26b, ne présentant pas de rainures 26c définiront, lors de la pression suivante sur le bouton poussoir, la position axiale basse de ce bouton.The embodiment illustrated in Figure 3 relates to a control device, in which the push button 21 is capable of alternately occupying two stable positions. The mechanism for placing the push button 21 in these two positions is well known. It is shown here schematically and by way of example, it being understood that it can be replaced by any other mechanism of the same kind. This mechanism comprises two pairs of lugs 25a, 25b secured to a cylindrical rod 21d of the push button 21 and a double cam 26 rotatably mounted around the rod 21d. This cam 26 has two ratchet teeth 26a, 26b of four teeth each offset angularly. In addition, the teeth 26b have two diametrically opposite axial grooves 26c intended to define one of the two axial positions of the push button 21. A projection 27 integral with the rod 21d and engaged in a groove 28 prevents any angular displacement of the push button 21. During each time the push button 21 is pressed, the lugs 25a come into engagement with the toothing 26a and rotate the cam 26 by a sufficient angle so that, by releasing the push button, then subjected to the action of a spring of reminder 29, the pins 25b meet the next tooth of the cam 26b and continue to rotate the cam 90 °. Once in two, the pins 25b engage the teeth which end in one of the axial grooves 26c. On entering it, they place the push button in its high axial position while the following teeth of the cam 26b, having no grooves 26c, will define, the next time the push button is pressed, the lower axial position of this button.

L'extrémité interne de ce bouton poussoir présente une face réfléchissante 21c inclinée à 45° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du bouton poussoir et dont la face externe est de préférence métallisée. Comme dans la forme d'exécution de la figure 1, deux fibres optiques 22 et 23 débouchent vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre dans un logement 24 recevant l'extrémité interne du bouton poussoir 21. Contrairement à cette forme d'exécution, la transmission de lumière de la fibre 22 alimentée par la source à la fibre 23 aboutissant au photo-détecteur ne se fait pas à travers deux faces parallèles adjacentes à la face réfléchissante 21c, mais directement à travers le logement 24, l'extrémité du bouton poussoir étant écartée de la trajectoire joignant ces deux fibres 22 et 23. Dans la seconde position stable du poussoir, représentée en traits mixtes, la face réfléchissante 21c est interposée dans la trajectoire reliant les fibres 22 et 23, dirigeant la lumière sortant de la fibre 22 contre la face externe du bouton 21 afin de l'éclairer.The internal end of this push button has a reflective face 21c inclined at 45 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the push button and the external face of which is preferably metallized. As in the embodiment of Figure 1, two optical fibers 22 and 23 open opposite each other in a housing 24 receiving the inner end of the push button 21. Unlike this form of 'execution, the light transmission from the fiber 22 supplied by the source to the fiber 23 leading to the photodetector does not take place through two parallel faces adjacent to the reflecting face 21c, but directly through the housing 24, the end of the push button being spaced from the path joining these two fibers 22 and 23. In the second stable position of the push button, shown in phantom, the reflecting face 21c is interposed in the path connecting the fibers 22 and 23, directing the outgoing light of the fiber 22 against the external face of the button 21 in order to illuminate it.

Dans cette forme d'exécution, la face externe du bouton 21 n'est éclairée que dans l'une des deux positions stables de ce bouton indiquant ainsi l'état "marche" ou "arrêt" ou "enclenché" "déclenché" de l'interrupteur. Un des avantages de cette forme d'exécution vient du fait qu'en position d'excitation du photo-détecteur PD, la face réfléchissante métallisée 21c est disposée entre les fibres optiques 22,23 et l'extérieur, empêchant par conséquent la lumière ambiante d'interférer avec celle provenant de la diode photo-électrique. Cette même face réfléchissante 21c empêche également toute lumière d'atteindre le photo-détecteur dans l'autre position du bouton poussoir, en venant se placer devant l'extrémité de la fibre 23 débouchant dans le logement 24.In this embodiment, the external face of the button 21 is only lit in one of the two stable positions of this button, thus indicating the "on" or "off" or "on" "off" state of the button. 'light switch. One of the advantages of this embodiment comes from the fact that in the excitation position of the photo-detector PD, the metallized reflecting face 21c is disposed between the optical fibers 22, 23 and the exterior, consequently preventing ambient light. to interfere with that coming from the photoelectric diode. This same reflecting face 21c also prevents any light from reaching the photo-detector in the other position of the push button, by coming to be placed in front of the end of the fiber 23 opening into the housing 24.

Comme on l'a déjà mentionné, le dispositif de commande selon l'invention permet de séparer la commande elle-même de l'interrupteur ou du commutateur, garantissant par la même occasion une isolation totale entre la commande actionnée manuellement et l'interrupteur électrique proprement dit. Bien entendu, et compte tenu de l'utilisation d'un élément de transmission à fibre optique reliant la partie "commande" à la partie "interrupteur", un tel dispositif est également approprié à la commande à distance. Dans le cas de la commande à distance, on est toutefois tenu d'utiliser des fibres optiques à très faibles pertes afin de conserver une intensité lumineuse suffisante pour l'excitation du photo-détecteur. Ces fibres sont relativement chères; par conséquent il est intéressant dans ce cas d'envisager une solution dans laquelle une même fibre conduit la lumière de la source lumineuse au bouton poussoir de commande et ramène cette lumière vers le photo-détecteur suivant la position du bouton poussoir.As already mentioned, the control device according to the invention makes it possible to separate the control itself from the switch or switch, guaranteeing at the same time total isolation between the manually actuated control and the electric switch well said. Of course, and given the use of a fiber optic transmission element connecting the "control" part to the "switch" part, such a device is also suitable for remote control. In the case of remote control, it is however required to use very low loss optical fibers in order to maintain a sufficient light intensity for the excitation of the photo-detector. These fibers are relatively expensive; therefore it is interesting in this case to consider a solution in which the same fiber conducts light from the light source to the control push button and brings this light back to the photo-detector according to the position of the push button.

Une telle forme d'exécution est illustrée par la figure 4, dans laquelle le bouton poussoir 31 comporte une première surface réfléchissante 31C1 disposée à 45 par rapport à l'axe de la fibre 32 et à 45° par rapport à la surface externe du bouton poussoir servant à l'affichage comme dans le cas des autres formes d'exécution décrites. Une seconde surface réfléchissante 31c2, perpendiculaire à l'axe de la fibre optique 32 est disposée dans le prolongement de l'extrémité intérieure du bouton poussoir 31. Ce bouton poussoir est à deux positions stables comme celui de la forme d'exécution précédente. Ainsi, les surfaces réfléchissantes 31c1,31c2 sont placées alternativement en face de l'extrémité de la fibre 32, de sorte que la lumière provenant de la diode photoélectrique est tantôt dirigée contre la face externe du bouton poussoir 31, tantôt renvoyée dans la fibre 32. L'autre extrémité de cette fibre comporte une connexion en Y pour séparer la lumière émise par la diode LED de celle transmise au photo-détecteur PD.Such an embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 4, in which the push button 31 comprises a first reflecting surface 31 C1 disposed at 45 relative to the axis of the fiber 32 and at 45 ° relative to the external surface of the push button used for display as in the case of the other embodiments described. A second reflecting surface 31c 2 , perpendicular to the axis of the optical fiber 32 is arranged in the extension of the interior end of the push button 31. This push button is in two stable positions like that of the previous embodiment. Thus, the reflecting surfaces 31c 1 , 31c 2 are placed alternately in front of the end of the fiber 32, so that the light coming from the photoelectric diode is sometimes directed against the external face of the push button 31, sometimes returned into the fiber 32. The other end of this fiber has a Y connection to separate the light emitted by the LED diode from that transmitted to the photo-detector PD.

La figure 5 illustre une autre forme d'exécution permettant de transmettre la lumière dans deux directions à l'aide d'une seule fibre. De nouveau on a recours à un bouton poussoir 41 bistable du type de celui décrit en relation avec la figure 3. L'extrémité du bouton poussoir comporte une double surface réfléchissante 41c1, 41c2 formant chacune un angle de 45° avec l'axe du bouton poussoir et un angle de 90° entre elles. La fibre optique commune 42 se termine par une boucle 43 interrompue par le logement 44 du bouton poussoir 41. Les deux branches de cette boucle 43 coupées par le logement 44 se trouvent, en position pressée du bouton poussoir 41, vis-à-vis des surfaces réfléchissantes 41c1, 41c2 qui dirigent la lumière vers la face externe du bouton poussoir. Dans l'autre position de ce bouton, dessinée en trait continu, la lumière de la source passe d'un côté à l'autre du logement 44 et revient par la fibre optique 42 comme dans la forme d'exécution précédente.Figure 5 illustrates another embodiment for transmitting light in two directions using a single fiber. Again, a bistable push button 41 of the type described in relation to FIG. 3 is used. The end of the push button has a double reflecting surface 41c 1 , 41c 2 each forming an angle of 45 ° with the axis. of the push button and a 90 ° angle between them. The common optical fiber 42 ends in a loop 43 interrupted by the housing 44 of the push button 41. The two branches of this loop 43 cut by the housing 44 are, in the pressed position of the push button 41, opposite the reflecting surfaces 41c 1 , 41c 2 which direct the light towards the external face of the push button. In the other position of this button, drawn in solid lines, the light from the source passes from one side to the other of the housing 44 and returns through the optical fiber 42 as in the previous embodiment.

Enfin la forme d'exécution de la figure 6 illustre une variante dans laquelle deux sources LED, et LED2 alimentent une fibre optique commune 52. Le bouton poussoir 51 porte un miroir sélectivement réfléchissant 5la destiné à s'interposer entre l'extrémité de sortie de la fibre 52 et la face réfléchissante 51c du bouton poussoir dahs l'une des deux positions stables du bouton 51. Lés deux sources émettent de la lumière de longueur d'onde spécifique. Par exemple, la source LED- peut émettre dans l'infra-rouge et le miroir 5la ne réfléchir que cette longueur d'onde. L'autre source LED2 émet alors de la lumière visible qui n'est pas réfléchie par le miroir. On peut aussi envisager un affichage bi-color le miroir 51a filtrant une des deux longueurs d'ondes émises par les diodes LED, et LED2 dans une position axiale du bouton 51 affichant ainsi une couleur et réfléchissant l'autre vers le photo-détecteur, tandis que dans l'autre position axiale du bouton 51, les deux longueurs d'ondes sont envoyées contre la face externe du bouton et l'affichage change de couleur.Finally, the embodiment of FIG. 6 illustrates a variant in which two LED sources, and LED 2 supply a common optical fiber 52. The push button 51 carries a selectively reflecting mirror 5la intended to be interposed between the output end of the fiber 52 and the reflecting face 51c of the push button dahs one of the two stable positions of the button 51. The two sources emit light of specific wavelength. For example, the LED source - can emit in the infrared and the mirror 5la can only reflect this wavelength. The other LED source 2 then emits visible light which is not reflected by the mirror. We can also consider a bi-color display, the mirror 51a filtering one of the two wavelengths emitted by the LED diodes, and LED 2 in an axial position of the button 51, thus displaying one color and reflecting the other towards the photo-detector. , while in the other axial position of the button 51, the two wavelengths are sent against the external face of the button and the display changes color.

La figure 7 illustre, sous la forme d'un schéma-bloc, un circuit électronique prévu pour être associé aux dispositifs de commande décrits précédemment, notamment aux dispositifs bistables.FIG. 7 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, an electronic circuit intended to be associated with the control devices described above, in particular with bistable devices.

Ce circuit comporte une ligne d'alimentation LA sur laquelle sont branchés deux multivibrateurs Ml et M2. Le multivibrateur Ml est connecté à la source de lumière constituée par la photo-diode LED et au photo-détecteur PD tous deux reliés au dispositif de commande par une fibre optique ou par une fibre optique commune.This circuit comprises a supply line LA to which two multivibrators Ml and M2 are connected. The multivibrator Ml is connected to the light source constituted by the photo-diode LED and to the photo-detector PD both connected to the control device by an optical fiber or by a common optical fiber.

Le multivibrateur Ml, émet des impulsions très courtes avec une fréquence de répétition relativement basse, choisies pour que la lumière émise par la diode LED ne soit pratiquement pas visible à l'oeil, mais soit détectable par le photo-détecteur PD. Ce photo-détecteur est relié à l'entrée d'un commutateur bistable CB dont une autre entrée est reliée au multivibrateur M2. Les deux sorties de ce commutateur sont reliées à la diode LED et au canal de sélection, dans le cas d'un appareil de télévision par exemple.The multivibrator Ml, emits very short pulses with a relatively low repetition frequency, chosen so that the light emitted by the LED diode is practically not visible to the eye, but is detectable by the photo-detector PD. This photo-detector is connected to the input of a bistable switch CB of which another input is connected to the multivibrator M2. The two outputs of this switch are connected to the LED and to the selection channel, in the case of a television set for example.

Lorsque le bouton poussoir est actionné, un changement de niveau de signal est enregistré par le photo-détecteur PD qui actionne le commutateur bistable CB. Celui-ci connecte alors le multivibrateur M2 à la diode LED qui émet un signal d'alimentation qui rend la lumière de la diode visible à l'oeil. Simultanément, le commutateur bistable CB envoir un signal de commande au canal de sélection.When the push button is pressed, a change in signal level is recorded by the photodetector PD which actuates the bistable switch CB. This then connects the multivibrator M2 to the LED diode which emits a power signal which makes the light from the diode visible to the eye. Simultaneously, the bistable switch CB send a control signal to the selection channel.

Claims (6)

1. Dispositif de commande photo-électrique, comprenant une source de lumière, un photo-détecteur, un interrupteur électrique actionné par le photo-détecteur en fonction de l'intensité lumineuse reçue et un organe de commande pour diriger sélectivement la lumière de la source vers ledit photo-détecteur,
caractérisé par le fait que ce dispositif comporte des moyens d'affichage destinés à recevoir la lumière de ladite source et par le fait que ledit organe de commande est associé à au moins une surface au moins sélectivement réfléchissante et est susceptible d'occuper deux positions limites pour déplacer cette surface réfléchissante par rapport à ladite source et pour diriger le faisceau lumineux issu de cette source vers ledit photo-détecteur, dans l'une desdites positions limites, respectivement vers lesdits moyens d'affichage, dans l'autre de ces positions.
1. Photoelectric control device, comprising a light source, a photo-detector, an electric switch actuated by the photo-detector as a function of the light intensity received and a control member for selectively directing the light from the source towards said photo-detector,
characterized by the fact that this device comprises display means intended to receive the light from said source and by the fact that said control member is associated with at least one at least selectively reflecting surface and is capable of occupying two limit positions to move this reflecting surface relative to said source and to direct the light beam from this source towards said photo-detector, in one of said limit positions, respectively towards said display means, in the other of these positions.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé par le fait que ledit organe de commande est constitué par un bouton poussoir en matériau transparent, solidaire d'un prisme dont une face réfléchissante est orientée pour diriger la lumière de ladite source contre une face d'affichage externe, ce bouton étant monté coulissant pour déplacer ce prisme parallèlement à lui-même entre lesdites positions limites, l'une dans laquelle la face réfléchissante du prisme est placée à travers la trajectoire des rayons lumineux émis par ladite source, entre cette source et ledit photo-détecteur et l'autre où cette face réfléchissante est écartée de cette trajectoire.
2. Device according to claim 1,
characterized by the fact that said control member is constituted by a push button made of transparent material, integral with a prism, one reflecting face of which is oriented to direct the light from said source against an external display face, this button being mounted to slide to move this prism parallel to itself between said limit positions, one in which the reflecting face of the prism is placed through the path of the light rays emitted by said source, between this source and said photo-detector and the other where this reflecting face is moved away from this trajectory.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2,
caractérisé par le fait que la face réfléchissante du prisme est constituée par un miroir.
3. Device according to claim 2,
characterized by the fact that the reflecting face of the prism is constituted by a mirror.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé par le fait que ledit organe de commande est associé à deux surfaces réfléchissantes, susceptibles d'être disposées sélectivement en face d'une extrémité d'une fibre optique, dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à ladite source de lumière et audit photo-détecteur, dans les deux positions limites respectives dudit organe, l'une desdites surfaces réfléchissantes étant constituée par une des faces d'un prisme et orientée pour diriger la lumière de ladite source émergeant de ladite fibre contre une surface d'affichage, l'autre de ces surfaces étant perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de la portion de ladite fibre adjacente à son extrémité par laquelle sort la lumière provenant de ladite source pour renvoyer dans cette fibre au moins une partie de cette lumière.
4. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that said control member is associated with two reflecting surfaces, capable of being selectively arranged opposite one end of an optical fiber, the other end of which is connected to said light source and to said photo- detector, in the two respective limit positions of said member, one of said reflecting surfaces being constituted by one of the faces of a prism and oriented to direct the light of said source emerging from said fiber against a display surface, the other of these surfaces being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the portion of said fiber adjacent to its end through which the light from said source comes out to return in this fiber at least part of this light.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé par le fait que la source de lumière comporte deux diodes électro-luminescentes émettant des radiations de longueurs d'ondes distinctes, à travers une fibre optique aboutissant à proximité dudit organe de commande, cet organe de commande comportant un prisme pour diriger sélectivement la lumière sortant de cette fibre vers une surface d'affichage, la face incidente dudit prisme présentant un miroir sélectivement rélféchissant de l'une desdites longueurs d'ondes, disposé de manière à s'interposer entre la fibre et la face réfléchissante du prisme dans l'une desdites positions dudit organe de commande et à s'écarter de la trajectoire entre cette face réfléchissante et la fibre dans l'autre position dudit organe de manière à renvoyer sélectivement l'une desdites radiations dans la fibre dont l'autre extrémité est reliée audit photo-détecteur.
5. Device according to claim 1,
characterized by the fact that the light source comprises two light-emitting diodes emitting radiations of distinct wavelengths, through an optical fiber terminating near said control member, this control member comprising a prism for selectively directing the light leaving this fiber towards a display surface, the incident face of said prism having a mirror selectively reflecting one of said wavelengths, arranged so as to be interposed between the fiber and the reflecting face of the prism in the one of said positions of said control member and to deviate from the path between this reflecting face and the fiber in the other position of said member so as to selectively return one of said radiations in the fiber whose other end is connected to said photo-detector.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé par le fait que ledit organe présente un écran opaque destiné à être interposé entre ladite source et ledit photo-détecteur dans la position limite dans laquelle ladite surface réfléchissante dirige la lumière vers lesdits moyens d'affichage.
6. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that said member has an opaque screen intended to be interposed between said source and said photo-detector in the limit position in which said reflecting surface directs light towards said display means.
EP19780810008 1977-07-08 1978-07-07 Photoelectric control device Expired EP0000857B1 (en)

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GB2881477 1977-07-08
GB2881477 1977-07-08

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EP0000857B1 EP0000857B1 (en) 1981-04-29

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Cited By (10)

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FR2463545A1 (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-02-20 Graniou Elg Electronique Louis Switch panel with individual button indicator - has opto-electronic circuit interrupter and each button has LED or LCD and plunger to break its opto-electronic switch circuit
EP0069185A1 (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-12 Battelle Memorial Institute Photo-electric control device
FR2524218A1 (en) * 1982-03-29 1983-09-30 Olten Ag Elektro Apparatebau ELECTRICAL CONTROL MECHANISM
GB2126038A (en) * 1982-03-29 1984-03-14 Olten Ag Elektro Apparatebau A switching device
GB2133137A (en) * 1983-01-07 1984-07-18 Plessey Co Plc Fibre optic light switch
JPS6014216A (en) * 1983-07-06 1985-01-24 Ricoh Co Ltd Operation panel
WO1996011820A1 (en) * 1994-10-18 1996-04-25 Werner Dorsch Arrangement for manually switching an electric switching current in a motor vehicle
WO1999009653A1 (en) * 1997-08-16 1999-02-25 Valeo Schalter & Sensoren Gmbh Switch system with fibre-optic light guides
GB2333589A (en) * 1998-01-24 1999-07-28 Motorola Ltd Illuminated optical switch
GB2339276A (en) * 1998-07-07 2000-01-19 Motorola Ltd Self-illuminating pivotal switch

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EP0000857B1 (en) 1981-04-29
DE2860644D1 (en) 1981-08-06

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