EP0000639B1 - Method of producing a uniaxially oriented polymer material. - Google Patents

Method of producing a uniaxially oriented polymer material. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000639B1
EP0000639B1 EP78300158A EP78300158A EP0000639B1 EP 0000639 B1 EP0000639 B1 EP 0000639B1 EP 78300158 A EP78300158 A EP 78300158A EP 78300158 A EP78300158 A EP 78300158A EP 0000639 B1 EP0000639 B1 EP 0000639B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heated
temperature
sheet material
heating member
gas barrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78300158A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000639A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Caleb Eastwood
Norman Elton King
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crown Packaging UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Metal Box PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Metal Box PLC filed Critical Metal Box PLC
Publication of EP0000639A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000639A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000639B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000639B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/005—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/06—Polyethene

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods of producing uniaxially oriented polymer material, particularly oriented film of high density polyethylene.
  • U.S. Patent 3,173,977 describes the production of shaped objects such as filaments, bands or films from polyolefins (such as polyethylene) produced by low pressure polymerization and having a molecular weight of at least 40,000, wherein the extruded polyolefin is drawn to at least six times its original length at a temperature within the range of from below the flow temperature of the polyolefin to 90°C below the flow temperature but not below 90°C.
  • the drawing or stretching is effected, generally at temperatures between 90°C and 110°C, in a swelling bath, e.g. of hot water or glycerine, or in the presence of hot air or other gas, so that the heating is general and not localised.
  • French Patent 1,353,706 describes a method and apparatus for making a drawn film of a specified polyether composition by stretching the film from 50% to 375% over a friction surface whose temperature is between 190°C and 210°C.
  • the friction surface may be that of a bar in which is mounted an electrical resistance, and which is mounted between respective sets of tensioning rollers and drawing rollers.
  • the present invention resides in a method of producing a uniaxially oriented polymer material, in which a polymer sheet material is heated and drawn out into a film with a draw ratio of 5:1 or higher while being transported continuously between respective sets of tensioning rollers and drawing rollers, the heating being effected by passing the sheet material around a part of the circumference of a tubular metal heating member which is heated internally and is disposed in the atmosphere transverse to the drawing direction between the respective sets of rollers, so as to heat a limited portion of the sheet material extending transversely across the full width of the sheet material and to induce drawing of the sheet material to take place preferentially in or adjacent to the heated transverse portion, characterised in that the polymer is a high density polyethylene having a density of 0.94 g/cm 3 or higher, which is heated to a temperature in the range from 80°C to 110°C by the tubular heating member in the drawing process.
  • the method is particularly applicable to the production of oriented polyethylene films, but it can also be applied to the production of oriented tapes or fibres produced by slitting or fibrillating the polyethylene before or after drawing.
  • the maximum drawing temperature is 1 10°C. Best ' results have been obtained at 105°C and below. Although use of drawing temperatures below 80°C seems likely to produce good gas barrier characteristics, such temperatures are not desirable because the material produced tends to be less clear, and more energy is required to carry out the drawing process.
  • the range of drawing temperatures used in accordance with the invention thus lies between 80°C and 110°C, while it is believed that the best results will be obtained in the range from 80°C to 105°C.
  • the preferred range of draw ratios lies between 7:1 and 20:1.
  • tubular metal heating member It is possible to use a fixed metal tube or drum as the tubular metal heating member. Alternatively, a hollow metal roller may be used as the tubular metal heating member. The tubular metal heating member may be heated by passing a heated liquid through it.
  • the drawing temperature we mean the temperature of the polyethylene immediately before it is drawn, e.g. the temperature to which it is heated by the tubular heating member, although the temperature of the polyethylene may exceed this value momentarily due to the heat produced by the drawing process.
  • Samples of various grades of high density polyethylene having densities above 0.94 g/cm 3 were formed into thin sheet material and wound into rolls in known manner, and subsequently drawn into oriented films using the apparatus of Figure 1.
  • the sheet material 10 is fed from a roll 11 over a roller 12 and through a set of tensioning rollers 13, and then passes around a part of the circumference of a fixed hollow metal tube 14 which is heated internally by passing hot oil through it.
  • the tube 14 may be of aluminium or other metal which conducts heat well, and it may be of 10 cm diameter for example.
  • the angle of wrap-around of the sheet material on the tube 14 may be substantially 90°, as shown. A portion of the sheet material extending across it from edge to edge is thus heated to induce drawing to occur at or adjacent to the heated portion.
  • the angle of wrap-around can be varied to control the heating of the sheet material.
  • the drawn and oriented film is taken off through a set of drawing rollers 15, via another roller 16, and wound on a spool or drum 17.
  • the drawing takes place as the sheet material passes around the tube 14 or as it leaves the tube 14 and passes around the roller 16, and before it reaches the drawing rollers 15.
  • a fixed drum of larger diameter may be employed, or an internally heated roller or a series of heated rollers.
  • Drawing speed was 1.8 metres per minute in each case.
  • the results of this series of experiments are illustrated graphically in Figure 2, in which the gas barrier characteristic, namely the permeability of the film to oxygen expressed as x10 -10 cm 3, cm -2 . sec ' . cmHg-1 for 25 microns thickness, is plotted against the temperature of the drawing tube 14.
  • Figure 2 also illustrates the gas barrier values found for the undrawn materials. It will be understood that the values for the undrawn materials are typical values within the wide ranges normally found in undrawn materials. It will be seen that the gas barrier characteristics deteriorated with increasing sharpness with increased drawing temperature.
  • the drawing temperatures referred to are the temperature of the heated drawing tube 14, measured by means of a thermo-couple in contact with the surface of the tube, and this is effectively the temperature of the high density polyethylene at the instant before drawing takes place.
  • this temperature was measured by means of a thermo-couple in contact with the surface of the tube.
  • measurements were made of the temperature of the surface of the polymer in the neck region using an infrared thermometer.
  • RIGIDEX 50 drawn at a draw ratio of 8.5:1
  • draw tube temperature and corresponding polymer temperature were measured.
  • the temperature of the polymer in the neck region is slightly higher than that of the surface of the draw tube, due to the work done in effecting the drawing process.
  • the temperature reached by the polymer was only very slightly above the temperature of the draw tube.
  • the permeability units in which the gas barrier characteristic was measured were the same as those referred to above in connection with Figures 2, 3 and 6. Except in the case of those illustrated in Figure 6, all measurements of gas barrier characteristic referred to in this specification were made at an environmental temperature of 25°C.
  • the improved gas barrier and weathering resistance of the materials obtained in accordance with the present invention are believed to be accompanied by improved resistance to chemical attack and to swelling in oils and solvents.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
EP78300158A 1977-07-22 1978-07-17 Method of producing a uniaxially oriented polymer material. Expired EP0000639B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB30913/77A GB1598912A (en) 1977-07-22 1977-07-22 Methods of producing oriented polymer material
GB3091377 1977-07-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000639A1 EP0000639A1 (en) 1979-02-07
EP0000639B1 true EP0000639B1 (en) 1983-04-13

Family

ID=10315043

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78300158A Expired EP0000639B1 (en) 1977-07-22 1978-07-17 Method of producing a uniaxially oriented polymer material.

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4183893A (da)
EP (1) EP0000639B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS5423684A (da)
AT (1) AT362926B (da)
DE (1) DE2862230D1 (da)
DK (1) DK326678A (da)
GB (1) GB1598912A (da)
IE (1) IE47279B1 (da)
IT (1) IT1103774B (da)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4258166A (en) * 1979-06-08 1981-03-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Low density polyethylene film
AU2375284A (en) * 1983-01-28 1984-08-02 Central Pacific Minerals N.L. Hc from shale retorting
CA1206728A (en) * 1983-01-28 1986-07-02 Donald J. Nicklin Method of and apparatus for contacting fluids and particulate materials
DE3503249C1 (de) * 1985-01-31 1986-06-26 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co Maschinenfabrik, 5210 Troisdorf Verfahren und Anlage zum fortlaufenden Verstrecken einer Bahn aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff
DE4123327A1 (de) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-21 Hoechst Ag Transparente folie aus polyethylen
US6391411B1 (en) 1999-06-03 2002-05-21 Printpack Illinois, Inc. Machine direction oriented high molecular weight, high density polyethylene films with enhanced water vapor transmission properties
RU2432371C2 (ru) 2005-12-29 2011-10-27 Омиа Девелопмент Аг Барьерные пленки с карбонатом кальция и их применение
US20180111436A1 (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-04-26 Vibracoustic North America L.P. Proportional radial loading spring isolator

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1353706A (fr) * 1962-02-22 1964-02-28 Onderzoekings Inst Res Procédé pour fabriquer des films étirés se composant d'éthers ortho-dialcoylphéniliques, films fabriqués de cette manière et câbles pour hautes tensions confectionnés avec ceux-ci
GB981849A (en) * 1962-09-28 1965-01-27 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Uniaxial orientation of polypropylene film
GB1120871A (en) * 1966-02-15 1968-07-24 Du Pont Film stretching process and apparatus
FR2134331A1 (en) * 1971-04-28 1972-12-08 Polygest Ag Ptfe web - drawn at high temp to reduce its density
FR2297126A1 (fr) * 1975-01-08 1976-08-06 Ici Ltd Etirage de pellicules polymeres

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA591604A (en) * 1960-01-26 Riggert Karlheinz Process for continuously stretching shaped bodies of linear high polymers
US2547763A (en) * 1947-11-12 1951-04-03 Polaroid Corp Method of stretching continuous materials such as sheeting and the like
BE540943A (da) * 1954-11-19
BE549345A (da) * 1955-08-26
BE552114A (da) * 1955-10-26
US3141912A (en) * 1960-08-24 1964-07-21 Du Pont Process of treating polymeric film
US3396216A (en) * 1962-04-14 1968-08-06 Toyo Rayon Co Ltd Process for stretching polypropylene film
FR1446292A (fr) * 1965-09-07 1966-07-15 Ici Ltd Perfectionnements à l'orientation d'une pellicule ou d'un ruban de polypropylène
US3962205A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-06-08 National Research Development Corporation Polymer materials

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1353706A (fr) * 1962-02-22 1964-02-28 Onderzoekings Inst Res Procédé pour fabriquer des films étirés se composant d'éthers ortho-dialcoylphéniliques, films fabriqués de cette manière et câbles pour hautes tensions confectionnés avec ceux-ci
GB981849A (en) * 1962-09-28 1965-01-27 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Uniaxial orientation of polypropylene film
GB1120871A (en) * 1966-02-15 1968-07-24 Du Pont Film stretching process and apparatus
FR2134331A1 (en) * 1971-04-28 1972-12-08 Polygest Ag Ptfe web - drawn at high temp to reduce its density
FR2297126A1 (fr) * 1975-01-08 1976-08-06 Ici Ltd Etirage de pellicules polymeres

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT7812712A0 (it) 1978-07-18
ATA530478A (de) 1980-11-15
AT362926B (de) 1981-06-25
US4183893A (en) 1980-01-15
IE781394L (en) 1979-01-22
IE47279B1 (en) 1984-02-08
JPS5423684A (en) 1979-02-22
DK326678A (da) 1979-01-23
GB1598912A (en) 1981-09-23
DE2862230D1 (en) 1983-05-19
IT1103774B (it) 1985-10-14
EP0000639A1 (en) 1979-02-07

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