EP0000097B1 - Polyarylene esters moulding compositions, process for their preparation and shaped articles therefrom - Google Patents
Polyarylene esters moulding compositions, process for their preparation and shaped articles therefrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0000097B1 EP0000097B1 EP78300028A EP78300028A EP0000097B1 EP 0000097 B1 EP0000097 B1 EP 0000097B1 EP 78300028 A EP78300028 A EP 78300028A EP 78300028 A EP78300028 A EP 78300028A EP 0000097 B1 EP0000097 B1 EP 0000097B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- molding resin
- hydroxyphenyl
- resin according
- diphenol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- URFNSYWAGGETFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Dihydroxybibenzyl Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 URFNSYWAGGETFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VCFHBYUCPLPFMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(CCC=2C=C(O)C=CC=2)=C1 VCFHBYUCPLPFMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UOFDVLCOMURSTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O UOFDVLCOMURSTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDUPKZTWQYDOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BDUPKZTWQYDOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AOFRNZNXMCOXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O AOFRNZNXMCOXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NKGDIYDBPVBXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)methyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O NKGDIYDBPVBXBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPHUCWKGLQCTGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-carboxyphenyl)ethyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CCC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O FPHUCWKGLQCTGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-thiodiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NZGQHKSLKRFZFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJLUCDZIWWSFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-tert-butylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 BJLUCDZIWWSFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ILEYXPCRQKRNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lunularin Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 ILEYXPCRQKRNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- IPZJQDSFZGZEOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethylene Chemical compound C[C]C IPZJQDSFZGZEOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XKACUVXWRVMXOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-carboxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 XKACUVXWRVMXOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003247 engineering thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L isophthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000874 polytetramethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHHHJLKTBTUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-carboxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]benzoic acid Chemical class C=1C=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O UFHHHJLKTBTUCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYAHIHMYMVZOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1CCC1=CC=CC=C1O TYAHIHMYMVZOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CC(C(C=CC=C)=CC(Oc(cc1)ccc1*#C)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C(C=CC=C)=CC(Oc(cc1)ccc1*#C)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1OC Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1OC CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001283 Polyalkylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLEZMBQFCXEANG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-acetyloxyphenyl)ethyl]phenyl] acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(=O)C)=CC=C1CCC1=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=C1 BLEZMBQFCXEANG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013031 physical testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/19—Hydroxy compounds containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/40—Glass
Definitions
- This invention relates to a molding resin, to a method of producing the molding resin and to shaped articles formed from the molding resin. More particularly, it pertains to molding resins comprising a polyarylene ester and a reinforcing filler, to a method of producing such molding resins and to shaped articles formed from such molding resins.
- polyesters have been suggested for use as molding resins and engineering thermoplastics since the earliest practical development of such polymers by Whinfield and Dickson. Although several of such polyesters and copolyesters have found commercial success as film and fiber products, few have been successful as molding resins and engineering thermoplastics. Two of the more successful, polyethylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene terephthalate prepared from aliphatic diols and terephthalic acid, suffer from certain deficiencies as engineering thermoplastics. They are both quite flammable and have rather low glass transition temperatures which can limit their usefulness to relatively low temperatures.
- the present invention discloses improved molding resins that yield molded articles possessing a) improved fire safety performance, particularly reduced afterglow, b) improved resistance to heat distortion and c) improved resistance to flow at elevated temperatures in comparison with reinforced polyalkylene terephthalates.
- a molding resin comprising an intimate blend of a polyarylene ester and a reinforcing filler, characterised in that the polyarylene ester consists essentially of units derived from a C 8 to C 25 aromatic dicarboxylic acid and optionally a minor quantity of a C 2 to C 20 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a diphenol comprising from 60 to 100 mol percent 1,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and from 40 to 0 mol percent of a C 6 to C 25 diphenol, the inherent viscosity of said polyarylene ester at 30 °C being at least 0.5 as determined at a concentration of 0.5 grams polyester per 100 ml solution in a solvent mixture of 60 parts by
- the molding resins of the present invention comprise an intimate blend of a polyarylene ester and a reinforcing filler preferably ranging from 2 to 60 weight percent of the total composition.
- a polyarylene ester consist essentially of units derived from at least one C 8 to C 25 aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a diphenol comprising from 60 to 100 mol percent 1,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and from 40 to 0 mol percent of at least one C 6 to C 25 diphenol.
- the polyarylene ester component of the molding resin of the present invention is the condensation product of at least one C 8 to C 25 aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a diphenol comprising from 60 to 100 mol percent 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and from 40 to 0 mol percent of at least one C 6 to C 25 diphenol.
- the polyesters are described in Belgian Patent 850,978 and have been found to possess superior fire safety performance and are capable of yielding crystalline compositions which have superior solvent resistance and stress cracking resistance.
- the preferred aromatic dicarboxylic acids comprise at least one of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 3,3'-, 3,4'- and 4,4'-bibenzoic acids and bis(carboxyphenyl) ethers, bis(carboxyphenyl) sulfides, bis(carboxyphenyl) sulfones, bis(carboxyphenyl) methanes, 1,2-bis(carboxyphenyl) ethanes and 2,2-bis(carboxyphenyl) propanes in which the carboxy groups are in the 3 or 4 positions.
- Mixtures of one or more of the aromatic dicarboxylic diacids with minor quantities, generally less than 25 mol percent, of C 2 to C 20 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids can also be used.
- the quantities of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids in general are selected so that they do not cause a significant loss in Tg of the resulting polyesters. Preferably the quantity is limited to a loss in Tg of not more than 10 °C.
- the acid or admixture of acids is combined with 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane or with 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane in admixture with any other suitable C e to C 25 diphenol or mixture of diphenols to provide the aromatic polyesters of the present invention.
- diphenols according to formula I include bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,2-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone.
- diphenol must contain at least 60 mol percent 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane
- a diphenol which comprises at least 90 mol percent, 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane because these polyesters are generally crystalline and exhibit a rather rapid rate of crystallization and polyarylene esters in which 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane is substantially the only diphenolic component can be used to advantage to obtain more rapid rates of crystallization.
- the selection of acid and diphenol components is made so that the polyester preferably has a glass transition temperature of at least 100°C and a melt viscosity at 350 °C determined in a capillary rheometer at a shear rate of 110 sec- 1 of less than 10 5 poise.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid is preferably selected so that the melting point of the polyarylene ester is less than 350 °C.
- a preferred group of the polyarylene esters comprises those polyesters obtained by condensation of a diphenol comprising at least 90 mol percent 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and a dicarboxylic acid comprising at least 67 mol percent isophthalic acid. Of this group, one of the preferred combinations is obtained from 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and isophthalic acid without additional components. Such preferences are based on the availability and cost of the acid as well as on the desirable glass transition and melting points of the resulting polyesters.
- the crystallization rate is expressed as the inverse of the time required for one half of the crystallization exotherm observed when a sample is cooled at a rate of 20 °C per minute.
- a rate of crystallization of about 0.2 minutes -1 or greater as determined by this method is satisfactory in injection molding of polymers because the cooling rate in the molding operation is generally much faster than the cooling rate used in the determination of rate of crystallization.
- a crystallization rate of about 0.5 minutes-' or greater is more preferable and for rapid molding cycles a crystallization rate of about one minute -1 or greater is even more preferred.
- the polyarylene ester component of the present invention can be produced by a convenient method such as by melt condensation or solvent condensation of mixtures of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diphenot diesters selected to provide polyarylene esters of the desired fire safety performance and processability. They can be produced by melt or solution polymerization of selected mixtures of phenol esters of aromatic dicarboxyiic acids and diphenols and by interfacial polymerization of salts of diphenols and aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides.
- the reactants are diacids and diphenol esters, or phenyl esters of diacids and diphenols, or salts of diphenols and diacid halides.
- One method of preparation is the melt condensation of mixtures of aromatic dicarboxylic' acids and diphenol diesters.
- Another method is the melt condensation of mixtures of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diphenol diesters to a prepolymer stage of inherent viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 followed by solid state polymerization to advance the polymer to an inherent viscosity above 0.5. ' .
- the molding resins of the present invention are prepared by intimately blending the polyarylene ester with sufficient reinforcing filler which is preferably from 2 to 60 weight percent of the total composition.
- the amount of reinforcing filler is in the range of from 5 to 40 weight percent of the total composition to achieve a sufficient degree of reinforcement without an excessive increase in melt viscosity. It is to be understood that the indicia of reinforcement are increases in the tensile strength, stiffness or impact strength of the filled composition in comparison with the unfilled composition.
- any reinforcement can be used such as granular, plate-like, acicular or fibrous fillers of suitable size for reinforcement.
- the fillers may be metallic such as aluminum, iron, nickel, copper or zinc or may be non-metallic such as carbon filaments, silicates, clays, calcined clays, asbestos, silica, titanium dioxide, titanate whiskers, glass flakes and fibers.
- the preferred reinforcing fillers include any kind of glass fibers usually used for reinforcing thermoplastic resins and are relatively soda free glasses comprising lime-aluminum borosilicate glass such as types " C " and " E " glass.
- the fibers may be in the form of filaments, or bundled into strands, ropes or rovings. They are conveniently used in the form of chopped strands of up to 5 cm in length and preferably in the range of 0.3 cm to 2.5 cm in length.
- Other additives such as colorants, plasticizers, stabilizers and hardeners can be incorporated into the molding resins.
- Blending of the polyarylene ester and the reinforcing filler is carried out in any convenient way, such as by dry mixing pellets or powder of polyarylene ester with the filler and mett blending and extrusion, or by adding filler to molten polyarylene ester, blending and extrusion.
- the polyarylene ester, the reinforcing filler and any other additives are preferably as free as possible of water.
- Mixing is preferably carried out in as short a time as possible to provide a sufficiently intimate and uniform blend and at a temperature selected for adequate melt viscosity but insufficient to cause thermal degradation of the resin.
- the blend can be extruded and cut up into molding compounds such as granules and pellets by conventional techniques.
- the molding resins can be molded in any equipment conveniently used for reinforced thermoplastic compositions e.g., a 14 gm. Arburg machine with temperature in the range of 250° to 350 °C and mold temperature of 100° to 150 °C can be used.
- a 14 gm. Arburg machine with temperature in the range of 250° to 350 °C and mold temperature of 100° to 150 °C can be used.
- the amount of reinforcing filler and the crystallization behavior of the polyarylene ester those skilled in the art will be able to make the conventional adjustments in molding cycles to accommodate the composition.
- a charge consisting of 8.2 parts of isophthalic acid and 14.8 parts of 1,2-bis(4-acetoxyphenyl) ethane is placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, condenser and receiver.
- the vessel is evacuated and purged with nitrogen three times.
- a nitrogen blanket is maintained in the reactor while it is heated to 250 °C, for about three hours during which period approximately 3.5 to 4.0 parts of acetic acid distills.
- the vessel is evacuated to a pressure of 125 mm and heating at 275 °C is continued for one half hour during which period an additional 1 to 1.5 parts of acetic acid distills.
- the vacuum is then increased to reduce the pressure to about 0.1 to 0.2 mm and the temperature is raised to 290 °C for an additional hour. At this point the reaction mixture becomes so viscous that further stirring is difficult. Heating is stopped, the reaction mixture is again blanketed with nitrogen and allowed to cool.
- the resultant polymer is light yellow in color, crystalline and demonstrates an inherent viscosity of 0.57 in the phenol- tetrachloroethane solvent.
- Example A A similar reaction is carried out under the same conditions and with the reactants and equipment described in Example A except that after the initial three hour period the temperature is raised to 275'C and the pressure is reduced to 125 mm for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 290 °C during the final period at high vacuum of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
- the resultant polymer demonstrates an inherent viscosity of 0.83 and is crystalline and a clear light yellow in color.
- Examples C to U are carried out by reacting mixtures of diphenol diacetates and isophthalic acid by the melt method of Example A, with adjustment in the temperature and heating cycle appropriate for the rheology and morphology of the particular polyester or by melt polymerization to a prepolymer followed by solid state polymerization of the crystalline polyester.
- Compositions and physical property data are set forth in Table 1.
- Melt viscosities are det ⁇ mined at 316 °C with a Sieglaff-McKelvey Rheometer at a shear rate of 100 sec- 1 , using a capillary with a length to diameter ratio of 25 to 1.
- polyester combinations containing high levels of 1,2-bis(hydroxyphenyl) ethane and acids such as isophthalic acid are opaque and exhibit crystalline melting points below 300 °C and crystallize rapidly while in contrast, polyester combinations containing substantial amounts of other diphenols and polyester combinations containing substantial amounts of substituted acids such as 5-t-butyl-isophthalic acid are amorphous.
- Polyisophthalate of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane prepared as in Example C is extruded and chopped to yield pellets of approximately 3 to 5 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter. 85 parts by weight of the pellets are blended in a tumble blender with 15 parts by weight of chopped glass strand, 4.8 mm length, containing 800 filaments of 13 micron diameter per strand supplied by Owens Corning Fiberglas Corporation under the trade name Owens-Corning Fiberglas 419.
- the blend of polyester and glass fiber is force fed to the chopper of a single stage extruder heated to 320 °C and is slowly extruded through the strand die. The strand is cooled and chopped to provide pellets of molding resin.
- the molding resin is injection molded in a 14 gm. Arburg machine at a temperature of 315°C and a mold temperature of 122°C to provide test bars.
- the test bars are tested for tensile strength and elongation, ASTM D-638 ; flexural strength and modulus, ASTM D-790 ; impact strength ASTM D-256 ; heat distortion ASTM D-648.
- the data are presented in Table 2.
- Molding resins are prepared as in Example 1 with the polyisophthalate of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and respectively 22.5 and 30 parts by weight of glass fiber per 100 parts by weight of total composition.
- the molding resins are injection molded into test bars and subjected to physical testing. The data are presented in Table 2.
- Example 2 is subjected to the Underwriter's UL-94 test.
- the rating for samples 1.58 mm in thickness is V-O (average flame out time within 5 seconds, no afterglow).
- the polyester of Example 2 without glass fiber reinforcement in Example 3 (b) is rated V-O (average flame out time within 3 seconds with afterglow which causes within 30 seconds).
- a test bar of Example 2 with a heat distortion temperature of 183 °C was subjected to a load in the range of 0.14 to 0.28 kg cm- 2 for 20 minutes at 210 °C. No flow or deformation occurs.
- a test bar of a reinforced polytetramethylene terephthalate, containing 30 weight percent glass fiber, having a heat distortion temperature of 212 °C shows considerable flow and deformation under similar conditions and fails the UL-94 test.
- Molding resins are prepared as in Example 1 by blending polyarylene ester Examples K, L, M, N, P and R with 30 weight percent of the total composition of Owens-Corning Fiberglas 419.
- the molding resins are molded into test bars. Considerable enhancement of the tensile strength, modulus and heat distortion temperature is obtained in comparison with the unfilled polyesters.
- Example 1 A polyarylene ester similar to Example U comprising the condensation product of bisphenol A and isophthalic acid, of inherent viscosity 0.8 is blended with glass fiber in the manner described in Example 1.
- the molding resins thus obtained are molded into test bars and tested for physical properties.
- Examples 10, 11 and 12 contain 15, 22.5 and 30 weight percent of glass fiber ;
- Example 13 is the unreinforced polyester.
- the data are presented in Table 3 and show that the heat distortion temperature of this polyester is relatively unaffected by the reinforcing filler in contrast to the pronounced effect obtained in Exemples 1-3 (a) comprising the polyisophthalate of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane.
- Molding resins containing 30 weight percent glass fiber are prepared in the manner of Example 1 from polyester Examples S and T.
- the molding resins are molded into test bars.
- the tensile strength and modulus of the polyesters are enhanced by the addition of glass fiber. However, little improvement in heat distortion temperature is obtained.
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Description
- This invention relates to a molding resin, to a method of producing the molding resin and to shaped articles formed from the molding resin. More particularly, it pertains to molding resins comprising a polyarylene ester and a reinforcing filler, to a method of producing such molding resins and to shaped articles formed from such molding resins.
- Many polyesters have been suggested for use as molding resins and engineering thermoplastics since the earliest practical development of such polymers by Whinfield and Dickson. Although several of such polyesters and copolyesters have found commercial success as film and fiber products, few have been successful as molding resins and engineering thermoplastics. Two of the more successful, polyethylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene terephthalate prepared from aliphatic diols and terephthalic acid, suffer from certain deficiencies as engineering thermoplastics. They are both quite flammable and have rather low glass transition temperatures which can limit their usefulness to relatively low temperatures.
- The present invention discloses improved molding resins that yield molded articles possessing a) improved fire safety performance, particularly reduced afterglow, b) improved resistance to heat distortion and c) improved resistance to flow at elevated temperatures in comparison with reinforced polyalkylene terephthalates. According to the present invention there is provided a molding resin comprising an intimate blend of a polyarylene ester and a reinforcing filler, characterised in that the polyarylene ester consists essentially of units derived from a C8 to C25 aromatic dicarboxylic acid and optionally a minor quantity of a C2 to C20 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a diphenol comprising from 60 to 100 mol percent 1,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and from 40 to 0 mol percent of a C6 to C25 diphenol, the inherent viscosity of said polyarylene ester at 30 °C being at least 0.5 as determined at a concentration of 0.5 grams polyester per 100 ml solution in a solvent mixture of 60 parts by weight of phenol and 40 parts by weight of sym-tetrachloroethane. The present invention also provides a process of producing a molding resin comprising the intimate blending of the polyarylene ester with the reinforcing filler and the shaped articles molded from these molding resins.
- The molding resins of the present invention comprise an intimate blend of a polyarylene ester and a reinforcing filler preferably ranging from 2 to 60 weight percent of the total composition. Such polyarylene esters consist essentially of units derived from at least one C8 to C25 aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a diphenol comprising from 60 to 100 mol percent 1,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and from 40 to 0 mol percent of at least one C6 to C25 diphenol.
- The polyarylene ester component of the molding resin of the present invention is the condensation product of at least one C8 to C25 aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a diphenol comprising from 60 to 100 mol percent 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and from 40 to 0 mol percent of at least one C6 to C25 diphenol. The polyesters are described in Belgian Patent 850,978 and have been found to possess superior fire safety performance and are capable of yielding crystalline compositions which have superior solvent resistance and stress cracking resistance.
- While essentially any suitable C8 to C25 aromatic dicarboxylic acid, which is an acid having both carboxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic ring, and admixture thereof can be used in the preparation of the polyarylene esters, the preferred aromatic dicarboxylic acids comprise at least one of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 3,3'-, 3,4'- and 4,4'-bibenzoic acids and bis(carboxyphenyl) ethers, bis(carboxyphenyl) sulfides, bis(carboxyphenyl) sulfones, bis(carboxyphenyl) methanes, 1,2-bis(carboxyphenyl) ethanes and 2,2-bis(carboxyphenyl) propanes in which the carboxy groups are in the 3 or 4 positions. Mixtures of one or more of the aromatic dicarboxylic diacids with minor quantities, generally less than 25 mol percent, of C2 to C20 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids can also be used. The quantities of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids in general are selected so that they do not cause a significant loss in Tg of the resulting polyesters. Preferably the quantity is limited to a loss in Tg of not more than 10 °C. The acid or admixture of acids is combined with 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane or with 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane in admixture with any other suitable Ce to C25 diphenol or mixture of diphenols to provide the aromatic polyesters of the present invention. Representative diphenols comprise at least one of resorcinol, hydroquinone, 3,3'-, 3,4'- and 4,4'-diphenols, or diphenols represented by the formula :
- While the diphenol must contain at least 60 mol percent 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, it is preferred to use a diphenol which comprises at least 90 mol percent, 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane because these polyesters are generally crystalline and exhibit a rather rapid rate of crystallization and polyarylene esters in which 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane is substantially the only diphenolic component can be used to advantage to obtain more rapid rates of crystallization.
- The inherent viscosity of the polyesters determined at 30 °C and in a solvent combination of 60 parts by weight phenol and 40 parts by weight sym-tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5.g per dl, is at least 0.5 and is preferably at least 0.7. The selection of acid and diphenol components is made so that the polyester preferably has a glass transition temperature of at least 100°C and a melt viscosity at 350 °C determined in a capillary rheometer at a shear rate of 110 sec-1 of less than 105 poise. For crystalline polyesters prepared by condensation of aromatic diacid and diphenol comprising at least 90 mol percent 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, the aromatic dicarboxylic acid is preferably selected so that the melting point of the polyarylene ester is less than 350 °C. A preferred group of the polyarylene esters comprises those polyesters obtained by condensation of a diphenol comprising at least 90 mol percent 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and a dicarboxylic acid comprising at least 67 mol percent isophthalic acid. Of this group, one of the preferred combinations is obtained from 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and isophthalic acid without additional components. Such preferences are based on the availability and cost of the acid as well as on the desirable glass transition and melting points of the resulting polyesters.
- Since molding cycles are preferably rapid, it is desirable that a crystalline polyester crystallize in the short period during which the polymer is cooling in the mold. Thus a molding material for uses where high temperature dimensional stability is important, needs to have a rapid rate of crystallization. The glass transition temperature, the melting point and the rate of crystallization can be determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry as described in Belgian Patent 850,978.
- The crystallization rate is expressed as the inverse of the time required for one half of the crystallization exotherm observed when a sample is cooled at a rate of 20 °C per minute. A rate of crystallization of about 0.2 minutes-1 or greater as determined by this method is satisfactory in injection molding of polymers because the cooling rate in the molding operation is generally much faster than the cooling rate used in the determination of rate of crystallization. However, a crystallization rate of about 0.5 minutes-' or greater is more preferable and for rapid molding cycles a crystallization rate of about one minute-1 or greater is even more preferred.
- The polyarylene ester component of the present invention can be produced by a convenient method such as by melt condensation or solvent condensation of mixtures of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diphenot diesters selected to provide polyarylene esters of the desired fire safety performance and processability. They can be produced by melt or solution polymerization of selected mixtures of phenol esters of aromatic dicarboxyiic acids and diphenols and by interfacial polymerization of salts of diphenols and aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides. Thus, while the combination is formally a condensate of diacid and diphenol, in practice the reactants are diacids and diphenol esters, or phenyl esters of diacids and diphenols, or salts of diphenols and diacid halides. One method of preparation is the melt condensation of mixtures of aromatic dicarboxylic' acids and diphenol diesters. Another method is the melt condensation of mixtures of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diphenol diesters to a prepolymer stage of inherent viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 followed by solid state polymerization to advance the polymer to an inherent viscosity above 0.5. ' .
- The molding resins of the present invention are prepared by intimately blending the polyarylene ester with sufficient reinforcing filler which is preferably from 2 to 60 weight percent of the total composition. Preferably, the amount of reinforcing filler is in the range of from 5 to 40 weight percent of the total composition to achieve a sufficient degree of reinforcement without an excessive increase in melt viscosity. It is to be understood that the indicia of reinforcement are increases in the tensile strength, stiffness or impact strength of the filled composition in comparison with the unfilled composition.
- In general, any reinforcement can be used such as granular, plate-like, acicular or fibrous fillers of suitable size for reinforcement. The fillers may be metallic such as aluminum, iron, nickel, copper or zinc or may be non-metallic such as carbon filaments, silicates, clays, calcined clays, asbestos, silica, titanium dioxide, titanate whiskers, glass flakes and fibers.
- The preferred reinforcing fillers include any kind of glass fibers usually used for reinforcing thermoplastic resins and are relatively soda free glasses comprising lime-aluminum borosilicate glass such as types " C " and " E " glass. The fibers may be in the form of filaments, or bundled into strands, ropes or rovings. They are conveniently used in the form of chopped strands of up to 5 cm in length and preferably in the range of 0.3 cm to 2.5 cm in length. Other additives such as colorants, plasticizers, stabilizers and hardeners can be incorporated into the molding resins.
- Blending of the polyarylene ester and the reinforcing filler is carried out in any convenient way, such as by dry mixing pellets or powder of polyarylene ester with the filler and mett blending and extrusion, or by adding filler to molten polyarylene ester, blending and extrusion. The polyarylene ester, the reinforcing filler and any other additives are preferably as free as possible of water. Mixing is preferably carried out in as short a time as possible to provide a sufficiently intimate and uniform blend and at a temperature selected for adequate melt viscosity but insufficient to cause thermal degradation of the resin. The blend can be extruded and cut up into molding compounds such as granules and pellets by conventional techniques.
- The molding resins can be molded in any equipment conveniently used for reinforced thermoplastic compositions e.g., a 14 gm. Arburg machine with temperature in the range of 250° to 350 °C and mold temperature of 100° to 150 °C can be used. Depending on the molding properties of the polyarylene ester, the amount of reinforcing filler and the crystallization behavior of the polyarylene ester, those skilled in the art will be able to make the conventional adjustments in molding cycles to accommodate the composition.
- The invention is further illustrated but is not intended to be limited by the following examples in which ratios of monomers are mol ratios and all other parts and percentages are by weight unless specified otherwise.
- A charge consisting of 8.2 parts of isophthalic acid and 14.8 parts of 1,2-bis(4-acetoxyphenyl) ethane is placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, condenser and receiver. The vessel is evacuated and purged with nitrogen three times. A nitrogen blanket is maintained in the reactor while it is heated to 250 °C, for about three hours during which period approximately 3.5 to 4.0 parts of acetic acid distills. Thereupon the vessel is evacuated to a pressure of 125 mm and heating at 275 °C is continued for one half hour during which period an additional 1 to 1.5 parts of acetic acid distills. The vacuum is then increased to reduce the pressure to about 0.1 to 0.2 mm and the temperature is raised to 290 °C for an additional hour. At this point the reaction mixture becomes so viscous that further stirring is difficult. Heating is stopped, the reaction mixture is again blanketed with nitrogen and allowed to cool. The resultant polymer is light yellow in color, crystalline and demonstrates an inherent viscosity of 0.57 in the phenol- tetrachloroethane solvent.
- A similar reaction is carried out under the same conditions and with the reactants and equipment described in Example A except that after the initial three hour period the temperature is raised to 275'C and the pressure is reduced to 125 mm for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature is raised to 290 °C during the final period at high vacuum of 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The resultant polymer demonstrates an inherent viscosity of 0.83 and is crystalline and a clear light yellow in color.
- Examples C to U are carried out by reacting mixtures of diphenol diacetates and isophthalic acid by the melt method of Example A, with adjustment in the temperature and heating cycle appropriate for the rheology and morphology of the particular polyester or by melt polymerization to a prepolymer followed by solid state polymerization of the crystalline polyester. Compositions and physical property data are set forth in Table 1. Melt viscosities are detœmined at 316 °C with a Sieglaff-McKelvey Rheometer at a shear rate of 100 sec-1, using a capillary with a length to diameter ratio of 25 to 1.
- The data show that polyester combinations containing high levels of 1,2-bis(hydroxyphenyl) ethane and acids such as isophthalic acid are opaque and exhibit crystalline melting points below 300 °C and crystallize rapidly while in contrast, polyester combinations containing substantial amounts of other diphenols and polyester combinations containing substantial amounts of substituted acids such as 5-t-butyl-isophthalic acid are amorphous.
- Fire safety performance is conveniently determined by the Underwriter's Laboratory " Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials - UL-94, September 17, 1973 " using the ratings which became effective February 1, 1974. The polyesters of 1,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane are found to be superior in their UL-94 rating to polyesters containing a substantial amount of bisphenol A(2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
- Polyisophthalate of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane prepared as in Example C, is extruded and chopped to yield pellets of approximately 3 to 5 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter. 85 parts by weight of the pellets are blended in a tumble blender with 15 parts by weight of chopped glass strand, 4.8 mm length, containing 800 filaments of 13 micron diameter per strand supplied by Owens Corning Fiberglas Corporation under the trade name Owens-Corning Fiberglas 419. The blend of polyester and glass fiber is force fed to the chopper of a single stage extruder heated to 320 °C and is slowly extruded through the strand die. The strand is cooled and chopped to provide pellets of molding resin.
- The molding resin is injection molded in a 14 gm. Arburg machine at a temperature of 315°C and a mold temperature of 122°C to provide test bars. The test bars are tested for tensile strength and elongation, ASTM D-638 ; flexural strength and modulus, ASTM D-790 ; impact strength ASTM D-256 ; heat distortion ASTM D-648. The data are presented in Table 2.
- Molding resins are prepared as in Example 1 with the polyisophthalate of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and respectively 22.5 and 30 parts by weight of glass fiber per 100 parts by weight of total composition. The molding resins are injection molded into test bars and subjected to physical testing. The data are presented in Table 2.
- Example 2 is subjected to the Underwriter's UL-94 test. The rating for samples 1.58 mm in thickness is V-O (average flame out time within 5 seconds, no afterglow). In comparison, the polyester of Example 2 without glass fiber reinforcement (in Example 3 (b)) is rated V-O (average flame out time within 3 seconds with afterglow which causes within 30 seconds). A test bar of Example 2 with a heat distortion temperature of 183 °C was subjected to a load in the range of 0.14 to 0.28 kg cm-2 for 20 minutes at 210 °C. No flow or deformation occurs. In contrast, a test bar of a reinforced polytetramethylene terephthalate, containing 30 weight percent glass fiber, having a heat distortion temperature of 212 °C, shows considerable flow and deformation under similar conditions and fails the UL-94 test.
- Molding resins are prepared as in Example 1 by blending polyarylene ester Examples K, L, M, N, P and R with 30 weight percent of the total composition of Owens-Corning Fiberglas 419. The molding resins are molded into test bars. Considerable enhancement of the tensile strength, modulus and heat distortion temperature is obtained in comparison with the unfilled polyesters.
- These examples are prepared for comparative purposes. A polyarylene ester similar to Example U comprising the condensation product of bisphenol A and isophthalic acid, of inherent viscosity 0.8 is blended with glass fiber in the manner described in Example 1. The molding resins thus obtained are molded into test bars and tested for physical properties. Examples 10, 11 and 12 contain 15, 22.5 and 30 weight percent of glass fiber ; Example 13 is the unreinforced polyester. The data are presented in Table 3 and show that the heat distortion temperature of this polyester is relatively unaffected by the reinforcing filler in contrast to the pronounced effect obtained in Exemples 1-3 (a) comprising the polyisophthalate of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane.
- Molding resins containing 30 weight percent glass fiber are prepared in the manner of Example 1 from polyester Examples S and T. The molding resins are molded into test bars. The tensile strength and modulus of the polyesters are enhanced by the addition of glass fiber. However, little improvement in heat distortion temperature is obtained.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/806,388 US4127557A (en) | 1976-07-28 | 1977-06-13 | Reinforced polyarylene esters |
US806388 | 1991-12-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0000097A1 EP0000097A1 (en) | 1978-12-20 |
EP0000097B1 true EP0000097B1 (en) | 1981-02-11 |
Family
ID=25193932
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP78300028A Expired EP0000097B1 (en) | 1977-06-13 | 1978-06-09 | Polyarylene esters moulding compositions, process for their preparation and shaped articles therefrom |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0000097B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5413552A (en) |
AR (1) | AR217302A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU518000B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7803761A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1121081A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2860458D1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1096718B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5710641A (en) * | 1980-06-24 | 1982-01-20 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Wholly aromatic copolyester resin composition |
JPS5820636A (en) * | 1981-07-30 | 1983-02-07 | 帝人株式会社 | Plastic vessel |
DE3639428C1 (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1987-08-27 | Rasselstein Ag | Process for producing a can lid made of sheet metal provided with a push-in opening flap |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3511809A (en) * | 1968-07-26 | 1970-05-12 | Du Pont | Polyesters from p-arylene-bis (dimethyl acetic acid) |
JPS5641657B2 (en) * | 1972-08-03 | 1981-09-29 | ||
JPS5518743B2 (en) * | 1972-08-03 | 1980-05-21 | ||
US4102864A (en) * | 1976-02-02 | 1978-07-25 | Monsanto Company | Polyesters of 1,2-bis(hydroxyphenyl) ethanes and aromatic dicarboxylic acids |
-
1978
- 1978-06-09 EP EP78300028A patent/EP0000097B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-09 DE DE7878300028T patent/DE2860458D1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-12 JP JP6994678A patent/JPS5413552A/en active Pending
- 1978-06-12 IT IT24474/78A patent/IT1096718B/en active
- 1978-06-12 AU AU37031/78A patent/AU518000B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-12 BR BR7803761A patent/BR7803761A/en unknown
- 1978-06-12 AR AR272550A patent/AR217302A1/en active
- 1978-06-12 CA CA000305292A patent/CA1121081A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0000097A1 (en) | 1978-12-20 |
AU518000B2 (en) | 1981-09-10 |
AR217302A1 (en) | 1980-03-14 |
AU3703178A (en) | 1979-12-20 |
BR7803761A (en) | 1979-04-17 |
JPS5413552A (en) | 1979-02-01 |
CA1121081A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
IT1096718B (en) | 1985-08-26 |
DE2860458D1 (en) | 1981-03-26 |
IT7824474A0 (en) | 1978-06-12 |
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