EA201071365A1 - Моноклональные антитела, имеющие гомоподтип кросс-нейтрализующих свойств против вируса гриппа а подтипа н1 - Google Patents

Моноклональные антитела, имеющие гомоподтип кросс-нейтрализующих свойств против вируса гриппа а подтипа н1

Info

Publication number
EA201071365A1
EA201071365A1 EA201071365A EA201071365A EA201071365A1 EA 201071365 A1 EA201071365 A1 EA 201071365A1 EA 201071365 A EA201071365 A EA 201071365A EA 201071365 A EA201071365 A EA 201071365A EA 201071365 A1 EA201071365 A1 EA 201071365A1
Authority
EA
Eurasian Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monoclonal antibody
influenza
virus
homopodype
cross
Prior art date
Application number
EA201071365A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
EA022855B1 (ru
Inventor
Роберто Буриони
Массимо Клементи
Original Assignee
Помона Ричерка С.Р.Л.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=40303127&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EA201071365(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Помона Ричерка С.Р.Л. filed Critical Помона Ричерка С.Р.Л.
Publication of EA201071365A1 publication Critical patent/EA201071365A1/ru
Publication of EA022855B1 publication Critical patent/EA022855B1/ru

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
    • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
    • C07K16/1018—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/21—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from primates, e.g. man
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/55—Fab or Fab'
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

Описано моноклональное антитело, направленное против вируса гриппа А, которое способно связывать человеческие и животные изоляты вируса гриппа А, экспрессирующие гемагглютинин подтипа HI. Предпочтительным вариантом осуществления является антитело, названное Fab49, которое демонстрирует нейтрализующую активность против множества изолятов вируса гриппа А, экспрессирующих гемагглютинин подтипа HI, включая изоляты, полученные из животных. Кроме того, описаны антиидиотипические антитела, направленные против моноклонального антитела по изобретению, иммуногенные или вакцинные композиции, содержащие моноклональное антитело по изобретению, а также терапевтическое, профилактическое и диагностическое применение моноклонального антитела по изобретению. Моноклональное антитело по изобретению может также быть использовано для тестирования препаратов антител для применения в качестве вакцин.
EA201071365A 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Моноклональные антитела, имеющие гомоподтип кросс-нейтрализующих свойств против вируса гриппа а подтипа н1 EA022855B1 (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000398A ITTO20080398A1 (it) 2008-05-27 2008-05-27 Anticorpi monoclonali aventi proprieta' di cross-neutralizzazione omosubtipica per virus influenzali di tipo a sottotipo h1
PCT/IB2009/052212 WO2009144667A1 (en) 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Monoclonal antibodies having homosubtype cross -neutralization properties against influenza a viruses subtype h1

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EA201071365A1 true EA201071365A1 (ru) 2011-08-30
EA022855B1 EA022855B1 (ru) 2016-03-31

Family

ID=40303127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EA201071365A EA022855B1 (ru) 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Моноклональные антитела, имеющие гомоподтип кросс-нейтрализующих свойств против вируса гриппа а подтипа н1

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US9243054B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP2294084B2 (ru)
JP (1) JP5792060B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR101665146B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN102124028B (ru)
AU (1) AU2009252758B2 (ru)
BR (1) BRPI0912285A2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2725627C (ru)
EA (1) EA022855B1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2555486T5 (ru)
IL (1) IL209499A (ru)
IT (1) ITTO20080398A1 (ru)
MX (1) MX2010012974A (ru)
NZ (1) NZ590115A (ru)
SG (1) SG191610A1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2009144667A1 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA201009273B (ru)

Families Citing this family (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITTO20070066A1 (it) 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali anti-idiotipo mimotopi dell'antigene gp 120 di hiv
ITTO20080204A1 (it) 2008-03-17 2009-09-18 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali atti a reagire con una pluralita di sottotipi del virus influenzale a
ITTO20080398A1 (it) 2008-05-27 2009-11-28 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali aventi proprieta' di cross-neutralizzazione omosubtipica per virus influenzali di tipo a sottotipo h1
ITTO20080964A1 (it) 2008-12-22 2010-06-23 Natimab Therapeutics S R L Anticorpo monoclonale anti-hcv come medicamento per il trattamento terapeutico e la prevenzione di infezioni da hcv
IT1395961B1 (it) * 2009-06-01 2012-11-02 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali come medicamento per il trattamento terapeutico e/o profilattico delle infezioni da virus influenzale a (h1n1) di origine suina (s-oiv)
ITTO20110067A1 (it) * 2011-01-26 2012-07-27 Pomona Ricerca Srl Immunoglobuline intere di isotipo igg atte a riconoscere un epitopo di neutralizzazione eterosubtipica sulla regione stelo (stem region) dell'emoagglutinina e loro uso come medicamento antinfluenzale
WO2011117848A1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Pomona Ricerca S.R.L. Full-length immunoglobulins of the igg isotvpe capable of recognizing a heterosubtvpe neutralizing epitope on the hemagglutinin stem region and their use as anti-influenza medicament
CN102241768B (zh) * 2010-05-14 2013-12-25 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院 一种抗甲型h1n1流感病毒血凝素蛋白的抗体
CA2807664A1 (en) * 2010-08-12 2012-02-16 Theraclone Sciences, Inc. Anti-hemagglutinin antibody compositions and methods of use thereof
CN101988050B (zh) * 2010-12-09 2012-06-27 湖南出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心 抗h1n1猪流感病毒血凝素蛋白单克隆抗体，杂交瘤细胞株及抗原捕获elisa试剂盒
RU2457243C1 (ru) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Научно-исследовательский институт вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского" Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации ШТАММ ГИБРИДНЫХ КУЛЬТИВИРУЕМЫХ КЛЕТОК МЫШИ Mus. Musculus - 1E7, ПРОДУЦИРУЮЩИЙ МОНОКЛОНАЛЬНОЕ АНТИТЕЛО, ИММУНОРЕАКТИВНОЕ С БЕЛКОМ ГЕМАГГЛЮТИНИНА ПАНДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ВИРУСА ГРИППА А/IIV-Moscow/01/09(H1N1)sw1
US20140031418A1 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-01-30 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Regimens and Compositions for AAV-Mediated Passive Immunization of Airborne Pathogens
WO2013119793A1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2013-08-15 University Of Kansas Chemiluminescent nanoparticles and uses thereof
US9969794B2 (en) 2012-05-10 2018-05-15 Visterra, Inc. HA binding agents
CN113667012B (zh) 2013-10-02 2024-07-12 免疫医疗有限责任公司 中和抗甲型流感抗体及其用途
KR101628331B1 (ko) * 2014-03-28 2016-06-08 주식회사 녹십자엠에스 인플루엔자 a 바이러스 특이적 단클론 항체 및 이를 이용한 인플루엔자 감염 치료 및 진단 방법
PE20170261A1 (es) 2014-05-13 2017-04-12 Univ Pennsylvania Composiciones que comprenden virus adenoasociado (aav) que expresa constructos de anticuerpos duales y sus usos
WO2016011035A2 (en) 2014-07-15 2016-01-21 Medlmmune, Llc Neutralizing anti-influenza b antibodies and uses thereof
TWI702229B (zh) 2014-12-19 2020-08-21 美商再生元醫藥公司 流行性感冒病毒血球凝集素之人類抗體
MA48852A (fr) 2015-05-13 2020-04-01 Univ Pennsylvania Expression médiée par aav d'anticorps anti-grippaux et leurs procédés d'utilisation
RS62446B1 (sr) 2015-06-01 2021-11-30 Medimmune Llc Neutrališući vezujući molekuli protiv gripa i njihova primena
EP3374390A1 (en) 2015-11-13 2018-09-19 Visterra, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating and preventing influenza
EP3402513A4 (en) 2016-01-13 2019-10-23 Medlmmune, LLC METHOD OF TREATING A FLU
KR20190132639A (ko) 2017-02-28 2019-11-28 더 트러스티스 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 펜실바니아 아데노-연관 바이러스(aav) 클레이드 f 벡터 및 이의 용도
TW201837170A (zh) 2017-02-28 2018-10-16 賓州大學委員會 新穎ａａｖ媒介的流感疫苗
JOP20190200A1 (ar) 2017-02-28 2019-08-27 Univ Pennsylvania تركيبات نافعة في معالجة ضمور العضل النخاعي
KR101972238B1 (ko) * 2017-11-22 2019-04-24 한국생명공학연구원 인플루엔자 a 바이러스 특이적 항체 또는 그의 항원 결합 단편
JP2022521819A (ja) 2019-03-25 2022-04-12 ビステラ， インコーポレイテッド インフルエンザを処置および予防するための組成物および方法
IL303236A (en) 2020-12-01 2023-07-01 Univ Pennsylvania New compounds with specific tissue-targeting motifs and preparations containing them
IL308404A (en) 2021-04-27 2024-01-01 Generation Bio Co Non-viral DNA vectors expressing therapeutic antibodies and uses thereof
WO2023177655A1 (en) 2022-03-14 2023-09-21 Generation Bio Co. Heterologous prime boost vaccine compositions and methods of use

Family Cites Families (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA836080B (en) 1982-08-23 1984-04-25 Scripps Clinic Res Broad spectrum influenza antisera
US4946778A (en) * 1987-09-21 1990-08-07 Genex Corporation Single polypeptide chain binding molecules
US6812024B2 (en) * 1987-03-16 2004-11-02 Mcgready Roland Keith Anti-paratopic antibody as an immunogen
US5245015A (en) 1991-04-26 1993-09-14 Tanox Biosystems, Inc. Monoclonal antibodies which neutralize HIV-1 through reaction with a conformational epitope in vitro
WO1992015885A1 (en) 1991-03-11 1992-09-17 Idec Pharmaceuticals Corporation Methods for selecting antibody reagents; anti-idiotype antibodies; and aids vaccine formulations
WO1993017694A1 (en) * 1992-03-09 1993-09-16 San Diego Regional Cancer Center An anti-idiotypic antibody and its use in diagnosis and in therapy in hiv-related disease
EP0621339B1 (en) 1992-09-17 2001-10-24 Takara Shuzo Co. Ltd. Immunogenic human influenza A virus haemagglutinin polypeptides
JP3061960B2 (ja) * 1992-09-17 2000-07-10 寳酒造株式会社 抗ヒトインフルエンザウイルス抗体
GB9221654D0 (en) 1992-10-15 1992-11-25 Scotgen Ltd Recombinant human anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies
JP2996864B2 (ja) * 1994-03-30 2000-01-11 寳酒造株式会社 抗体可変領域ｄｎａ
US6057421A (en) * 1994-11-30 2000-05-02 Immpheron, Inc. Variable heavy and light chain regions of murine monoclonal antibody 1F7
WO2000005266A1 (en) 1998-07-21 2000-02-03 Connex Gesellschaft Zur Optimierung Von Forschung Und Entwicklung Mbh Anti hepatitis c virus antibody and uses thereof
AU2002243259B2 (en) 2000-12-01 2008-02-07 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Department Of Health And Human Services Monoclonal antibodies specific for the E2 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus and their use in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis C
FR2817869B1 (fr) 2000-12-07 2005-01-14 Technopharm Anticorps monoclonal humain dirige contre le virus influenza ou un fragment de celui-ci
US6768004B2 (en) * 2001-01-11 2004-07-27 Mueller Sybille Nucleotide sequences encoding variable regions of heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibody 1F7, an anti-idiotypic antibody reactive with anti-HIV antibodies
US6964199B2 (en) * 2001-11-02 2005-11-15 Cantocor, Inc. Methods and compositions for enhanced protein expression and/or growth of cultured cells using co-transcription of a Bcl2 encoding nucleic acid
CA2473163C (en) * 2002-01-17 2011-12-06 Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung Gmbh Anti-idiotypic antibody inducing hiv-1 neutralizing antibodies
ITRM20020049A1 (it) 2002-01-30 2003-07-30 Biostrands S R L Frammenti fab di anticorpi monoclonali umani diretti contro la glicoproteina e2 di hcv e dotati di potere neutralizzante in vitro.
EP2522678A1 (en) 2006-05-15 2012-11-14 Sea Lane Biotechnologies, LLC Neutralizing antibodies to influenza viruses
WO2008028946A2 (en) † 2006-09-07 2008-03-13 Crucell Holland B.V. Human binding molecules capable of neutralizing influenza virus h5n1 and uses thereof
WO2008033159A1 (en) 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Fraunhofer Usa, Inc. Influenza antibodies, compositions, and related methods
ITTO20070066A1 (it) 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali anti-idiotipo mimotopi dell'antigene gp 120 di hiv
US20100316563A1 (en) 2007-09-20 2010-12-16 Bracco Imaging S.P.A. Method For The Preparation Of New Oligoclonal Antibodies
ITTO20080204A1 (it) 2008-03-17 2009-09-18 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali atti a reagire con una pluralita di sottotipi del virus influenzale a
ITTO20080398A1 (it) 2008-05-27 2009-11-28 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali aventi proprieta' di cross-neutralizzazione omosubtipica per virus influenzali di tipo a sottotipo h1
ITTO20080964A1 (it) 2008-12-22 2010-06-23 Natimab Therapeutics S R L Anticorpo monoclonale anti-hcv come medicamento per il trattamento terapeutico e la prevenzione di infezioni da hcv
IT1395961B1 (it) 2009-06-01 2012-11-02 Pomona Biotechnologies Llc Anticorpi monoclonali come medicamento per il trattamento terapeutico e/o profilattico delle infezioni da virus influenzale a (h1n1) di origine suina (s-oiv)
WO2011117848A1 (en) 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Pomona Ricerca S.R.L. Full-length immunoglobulins of the igg isotvpe capable of recognizing a heterosubtvpe neutralizing epitope on the hemagglutinin stem region and their use as anti-influenza medicament

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2725627A1 (en) 2009-12-03
WO2009144667A1 (en) 2009-12-03
ES2555486T3 (es) 2016-01-04
MX2010012974A (es) 2011-01-21
US20110076265A1 (en) 2011-03-31
EP2294084A1 (en) 2011-03-16
US9243054B2 (en) 2016-01-26
ZA201009273B (en) 2012-05-01
ES2555486T5 (es) 2019-02-15
ITTO20080398A1 (it) 2009-11-28
JP2011524161A (ja) 2011-09-01
CN102124028A (zh) 2011-07-13
IL209499A (en) 2016-10-31
IL209499A0 (en) 2011-01-31
AU2009252758A1 (en) 2009-12-03
AU2009252758B2 (en) 2014-07-31
CN102124028B (zh) 2015-05-20
NZ590115A (en) 2012-08-31
CA2725627C (en) 2019-08-06
EP2294084B1 (en) 2015-09-09
BRPI0912285A2 (pt) 2015-10-20
EP2294084B2 (en) 2018-09-05
EA022855B1 (ru) 2016-03-31
KR20110020865A (ko) 2011-03-03
KR101665146B1 (ko) 2016-10-11
JP5792060B2 (ja) 2015-10-07
SG191610A1 (en) 2013-07-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EA201071365A1 (ru) Моноклональные антитела, имеющие гомоподтип кросс-нейтрализующих свойств против вируса гриппа а подтипа н1
EA201071087A1 (ru) Моноклональные антитела, способные взаимодействовать с множеством подтипов вируса гриппа а
EA201791086A1 (ru) Человеческие антитела против гемагглютинина вируса гриппа
EA201400855A1 (ru) Моноклональные антитела человека, полученные из в-клеток человека и обладающие нейтрализующей активностью против вирусов гриппа а
EA201170353A1 (ru) Антитела против гепатита с и их применение
BR112014004860A2 (pt) composições de anticorpo contra vírus da influenza
EA032929B1 (ru) Нейтрализующее вирус иммунодефицита человека антитело и способы его применения
ECSP11010823A (es) Anticuerpos neutralizantes del virus anti-influenza a y usos de los mismos
EA201290955A1 (ru) Полноразмерные иммуноглобулины изотипа igg, способные к распознаванию нейтрализующего эпитопа в области стебля гемагглютинина различных подтипов, и их использование в качестве лекарственного средства против гриппа
EA201190327A1 (ru) Новые конструкции белка вируса папилломы человека (hpv) и их применение в предупреждении заболевания, вызываемого hpv
EA201390874A1 (ru) Моноклональное антитело человека со специфичностью к белку e вируса денге серотипа 1 и его применение
EA201400274A1 (ru) Связующая молекула, обладающая нейтрализующей активностью в отношении вируса гриппа а, полученная из в-клеток человека
EA201692279A1 (ru) Способ уменьшения иммуногенности белка и пептида
NZ587798A (en) Improvements in the preparation of influenza virus vaccine antigens utilising a phosphate buffer
NZ731659A (en) Methods of using microneedle vaccine formulations to elicit in animals protective immunity against rabies virus
EA201590111A1 (ru) Моноклональное антитело человека против белка vp1 вируса jc
Liu et al. A cationic liposome–DNA complexes adjuvant (JVRS-100) enhances the immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of pre-pandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine in ferrets
EA201690115A1 (ru) Комбинированные иммуногенные композиции
ATE549031T1 (de) Impfstoffzusammensetzung zur prävention von cmv- infektionen
MX363149B (es) Vacunas de nucleoproteina de la influenza.
EA201690057A1 (ru) Остеопонтин молока млекопитающих для повышения иммунологической реактивности
BR112013013016A2 (pt) modulação de imunogenicidade de antígeno pela eliminação de epítopos reconhecidos pelas células nkt14
AR081409A1 (es) PARAPOXVIRUS RECOMBINANTE CONTENIENDO ADN HETERoLOGO DERIVADO DE UN VIRUS DE LA RABIA (RV)
MY170725A (en) Dengue-virus serotype neutralizing antibodies
MX2019007924A (es) Vacunas contra la influenza.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s)

Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KZ KG MD TJ TM