DK361987D0 - Springkanylesproejte - Google Patents

Springkanylesproejte

Info

Publication number
DK361987D0
DK361987D0 DK361987A DK361987A DK361987D0 DK 361987 D0 DK361987 D0 DK 361987D0 DK 361987 A DK361987 A DK 361987A DK 361987 A DK361987 A DK 361987A DK 361987 D0 DK361987 D0 DK 361987D0
Authority
DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
piston
pct
syringe
opening
yielding
Prior art date
Application number
DK361987A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DK156414C (da
DK156414B (da
DK361987A (da
Inventor
Gerda Ingrid Maria Gaarde
Knud-Werner Gaarde
Original Assignee
Gerda Ingrid Maria Gaarde
Gaarde Knud Werner
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gerda Ingrid Maria Gaarde, Gaarde Knud Werner filed Critical Gerda Ingrid Maria Gaarde
Publication of DK361987D0 publication Critical patent/DK361987D0/da
Priority to DK361987A priority Critical patent/DK156414C/da
Priority to AT88905743T priority patent/ATE80557T1/de
Priority to US07/458,637 priority patent/US5064419A/en
Priority to JP63506068A priority patent/JP2644568B2/ja
Priority to PCT/DK1988/000116 priority patent/WO1989000435A1/en
Priority to DE8888905743T priority patent/DE3874744T2/de
Priority to EP88905743A priority patent/EP0367780B1/en
Publication of DK361987A publication Critical patent/DK361987A/da
Publication of DK156414B publication Critical patent/DK156414B/da
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK156414C publication Critical patent/DK156414C/da

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/322Retractable needles, i.e. disconnected from and withdrawn into the syringe barrel by the piston
    • A61M5/3234Fully automatic needle retraction, i.e. in which triggering of the needle does not require a deliberate action by the user
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/58Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
    • A61M2205/581Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by audible feedback
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/50Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
    • A61M5/508Means for preventing re-use by disrupting the piston seal, e.g. by puncturing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00Surgery
    • Y10S128/917Body fluid, devices for protection therefrom, e.g. aids, hepatitus
    • Y10S128/919Syringe, means to protect user

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
DK361987A 1987-07-13 1987-07-13 Injektionssproejte med kanyle, der kan indtraekkes og fastlaases i sproejten DK156414C (da)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK361987A DK156414C (da) 1987-07-13 1987-07-13 Injektionssproejte med kanyle, der kan indtraekkes og fastlaases i sproejten
AT88905743T ATE80557T1 (de) 1987-07-13 1988-07-08 Hypodermische wegwerf-spritzvorrichtung.
US07/458,637 US5064419A (en) 1987-07-13 1988-07-08 Disposable hypodermic syringe
JP63506068A JP2644568B2 (ja) 1987-07-13 1988-07-08 使い捨て皮下注射器
PCT/DK1988/000116 WO1989000435A1 (en) 1987-07-13 1988-07-08 Disposable hypodermic syringe
DE8888905743T DE3874744T2 (de) 1987-07-13 1988-07-08 Hypodermische wegwerf-spritzvorrichtung.
EP88905743A EP0367780B1 (en) 1987-07-13 1988-07-08 Disposable hypodermic syringe

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK361987 1987-07-13
DK361987A DK156414C (da) 1987-07-13 1987-07-13 Injektionssproejte med kanyle, der kan indtraekkes og fastlaases i sproejten

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK361987D0 true DK361987D0 (da) 1987-07-13
DK361987A DK361987A (da) 1989-01-14
DK156414B DK156414B (da) 1989-08-21
DK156414C DK156414C (da) 1990-01-22

Family

ID=8124949

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK361987A DK156414C (da) 1987-07-13 1987-07-13 Injektionssproejte med kanyle, der kan indtraekkes og fastlaases i sproejten

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5064419A (da)
EP (1) EP0367780B1 (da)
JP (1) JP2644568B2 (da)
AT (1) ATE80557T1 (da)
DE (1) DE3874744T2 (da)
DK (1) DK156414C (da)
WO (1) WO1989000435A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (85)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ228388A (en) * 1988-03-22 1992-07-28 Davsa Seventy Fifth Pty Ltd Syringe with needle retractor
IT1225440B (it) * 1988-12-07 1990-11-13 Nacci Gaetano Pistone per siringhe che rende automaticamente inoffensivo l'ago ipodermico, all'uopo modificato, dopo l'uso
NO890027L (no) * 1989-01-04 1990-07-05 Odd Gerhard Mueller Injeksjonssproeyte.
ES2019792A6 (es) * 1990-01-17 1991-07-01 Caralt Batlle Jaime Jeringuilla hipodrmica de un solo uso.
ES2009709A6 (es) * 1989-01-24 1989-10-01 Villar Pascual Jose Antonio Jeronguilla de seguridad monouso.
US4966593A (en) * 1989-03-06 1990-10-30 Design Specialties Laboratories Disposable hypodermic syringe with retractable needle
AU593513B3 (en) * 1989-05-01 1990-02-08 Robert Leslie Wakelin Disposable hypodermic syringe
GB2233901A (en) * 1989-07-11 1991-01-23 Hugh Williams Disposable hypodermic syringe with retractable needle
US4994034A (en) * 1989-07-11 1991-02-19 Botich Michael J Retractable needle hypodermic syringe system
US5188599A (en) * 1989-07-11 1993-02-23 Med-Design, Inc. Retractable needle system
BR9007526A (pt) * 1989-07-11 1992-06-23 Graham Hugh Williams Seringa hipodermica descartavel
US6096005A (en) 1989-07-11 2000-08-01 Mdc Investment Holdings, Inc. Retractable needle medical devices
US5407431A (en) * 1989-07-11 1995-04-18 Med-Design Inc. Intravenous catheter insertion device with retractable needle
US5019044A (en) * 1989-08-14 1991-05-28 Tsao Chien Hua Safety hypodermic syringe
FR2652006B1 (fr) * 1989-09-15 1992-08-14 Denis Roger Dispositif de fabrication de seringues anticontagion.
EP0500613B1 (en) * 1989-11-08 1995-08-30 CURIE, Napoleon Syringe with retractable needle mount
FR2655859A1 (fr) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-21 Poirier Christian Seringue de securite s'autodetruisant des le premier usage.
IT1238143B (it) * 1990-01-09 1993-07-09 Siringa per iniezioni ipodermiche dotata di stantuffo atto a ritirare e contenere l'ago ipodermico dopo il suo uso
GB9000761D0 (en) * 1990-01-12 1990-03-14 Davies Malcolm M Syringe needle with safety feature
IT219694Z2 (it) * 1990-05-25 1993-04-26 Habley Medical Technology Corp Siringa di sicurezza, monouso
US5053010A (en) * 1990-10-03 1991-10-01 Triad Technology Safety syringe with retractable needle
IT1242868B (it) * 1990-10-05 1994-05-18 Amorino Morandini Dispositivo a scomparsa automatica dell'ago applicabile su siringhe per iniezioni o similari
DE69034152T2 (de) * 1990-11-07 2005-06-30 MDC Investment Holdings, Inc., Wilmington Nadelvorrichtung, insbesondere Subkutannadel
DE69033701T2 (de) * 1990-11-07 2001-07-12 Mdc Investment Holdings, Inc. Nadelvorrichtung mit Mitteln zum Zurückziehen der Nadel
CH685857A5 (fr) * 1991-03-24 1995-10-31 Milian Instr Sa Embout de seringue
US5267973A (en) * 1991-04-08 1993-12-07 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Safety syringe with off-axis needle cannula
US5211628A (en) * 1991-09-30 1993-05-18 Marshall John M Syringe with automatic retracting needle
US5211629A (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-05-18 Pressly William B S Safety syringe
US5613952A (en) 1991-12-23 1997-03-25 Syringe Develpoment Partners Safety syringe
IT1265714B1 (it) * 1992-03-25 1996-12-02 Antonio Giovanni Flumene Siringa per uso medico con ago a scomparsa automatica non riutilizzabile.
US5180370A (en) * 1992-05-18 1993-01-19 Gillespie Elgene R Safety hypodermic syringe with retractable needle
US5346480A (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-09-13 Q-Med, Inc. Syringe with retractable needle
ES2056741B1 (es) * 1993-02-23 1995-04-01 Batlle Jaime Caralt Mejoras introducidas en jeringas hipodermicas de un solo uso.
US5300038A (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-04-05 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Safety syringe with off-axis needle cannula
US5336187A (en) * 1993-06-24 1994-08-09 Mark Terry Automatic cover disposable syringe
EP0633036A1 (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-11 Yoshikuni Saito Retractable needle syringe
US5385551A (en) * 1993-09-22 1995-01-31 Shaw; Thomas J. Nonreusable medical device with front retraction
AU678308C (en) * 1993-10-28 2002-06-06 Lok-Tek Syringe Pty Ltd Hypodermic syringe with retractable needle mount
DE69430134T2 (de) * 1993-10-28 2002-11-07 Lok-Tek Syringe Pty Ltd., Port Malbourne Hypodermische spritze mit zurückziehbarer nadelmontage
US5458576A (en) * 1993-12-22 1995-10-17 Habley Medical Technology Corp. Safety syringe with retracting needle
US5573510A (en) * 1994-02-28 1996-11-12 Isaacson; Dennis R. Safety intravenous catheter assembly with automatically retractable needle
US5389076A (en) * 1994-04-05 1995-02-14 Shaw; Thomas J. Single use medical device with retraction mechanism
US5637092A (en) * 1995-01-30 1997-06-10 Shaw; Thomas J. Syringe plunger locking assembly
US5578011A (en) * 1995-05-11 1996-11-26 Shaw; Thomas J. Tamperproof retractable syringe
US5632733A (en) * 1995-05-11 1997-05-27 Shaw; Thomas J. Tamperproof retractable syringe
US6090077A (en) 1995-05-11 2000-07-18 Shaw; Thomas J. Syringe plunger assembly and barrel
US5601534A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-02-11 The University Of Memphis Disposable hypodermic syringe and needle combination
IT1279684B1 (it) * 1995-11-10 1997-12-16 Claudio Freschi Siringa per iniezioni ipodermiche.
US5718690A (en) * 1996-06-10 1998-02-17 Gettig Technologies, Incorporated Hypodermic injector system and method for maintaining the sterility thereof prior to use
US5800395A (en) 1996-12-05 1998-09-01 Mdc Investment Holdings, Inc. Medical device with retractable needle
NO975315D0 (no) 1997-01-09 1997-11-19 Medsafe As Sikkerhetsspröyte med ekspanderende element
US5882342A (en) * 1997-04-11 1999-03-16 Safety Medical Manufacturing, Inc Safety medical syringe with retractable needle
US5810775A (en) * 1997-05-23 1998-09-22 Shaw; Thomas J. Cap operated retractable medical device
US6090078A (en) * 1997-09-30 2000-07-18 Becton, Dickinson And Company Dampening devices and methods for needle retracting safety vascular access devices
US5935104A (en) * 1998-08-21 1999-08-10 Safety Medical Manufacturing, Incorporated Safety medical syringe with retractable needle
US6958055B2 (en) 1998-09-04 2005-10-25 Nmt Group Plc Retractable needle syringe including a sheath and an intravenous adapter
GB2359754B (en) 2000-03-03 2004-04-28 Nmt Group Plc Needle sheath
US6840291B2 (en) * 1999-10-15 2005-01-11 Becton Dickinson And Company Attachment for a medical device
US6368303B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2002-04-09 Becton, Dickinson And Company Retracting needle syringe
SE9904311L (sv) * 1999-11-26 2000-11-13 Rolf Helg För injektion eller provtagning avsedd spruta av engångstyp
MXPA02005262A (es) 1999-11-29 2004-04-21 Mdc Invest Holdings Inc Combinacion de montaje de aguja de seguridad y aparato medico.
WO2001045776A1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2001-06-28 Mdc Investment Holdings, Inc. Safety needle medical bearing devices
US6530903B2 (en) 2000-02-24 2003-03-11 Xiping Wang Safety syringe
AU2001243420A1 (en) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-17 Mdc Investment Holdings, Inc. Hypodermic syringe with retractable needle
US6585690B1 (en) 2000-06-29 2003-07-01 Becton Dickinson And Company Hypodermic syringe with selectivity retractable needle
US6432087B1 (en) 2000-07-31 2002-08-13 Becton, Dickinson And Company Hypodermic syringe with selectively retractable needle
US6572584B1 (en) 2000-08-07 2003-06-03 Retractable Technologies, Inc. Retractable syringe with reduced retraction force
US6206857B1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2001-03-27 Marina Ling-Ko Chen Syringe with needle retraction arrangement
US6558357B1 (en) 2000-08-30 2003-05-06 Becton Dickinson And Company Hypodermic syringe with selectively retractable needle
US6413237B1 (en) 2000-08-31 2002-07-02 Becton, Dickinson And Company Hypodermic syringe with selectively retractable needle
US6409701B1 (en) 2000-09-29 2002-06-25 Becton, Dickinson And Company Hypodermic syringe with selectively retractable needle
IL157981A (en) 2003-09-17 2014-01-30 Elcam Medical Agricultural Cooperative Ass Ltd Auto injector
US20050148931A1 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-07-07 Juhasz Paul R. Safety syringe
IL160891A0 (en) 2004-03-16 2004-08-31 Auto-mix needle
ES2386025T3 (es) 2004-10-14 2012-08-07 Midland Medical Devices Holdings, Llc Jeringa médica de seguridad con aguja retráctil
US7846135B2 (en) 2006-02-24 2010-12-07 Midland Medical Holding LLC Retractable needle syringe with needle trap
WO2008116031A2 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-25 Safety Medical International, Inc. Safety medical syringe with retractable needle and including a plunger that is received within a barrel
US9259174B2 (en) * 2007-04-20 2016-02-16 Stat Medical Devices, Inc. Retractable fluid collection device
US20090216154A1 (en) * 2008-02-21 2009-08-27 Bencha International Group. Inc Automatically retractable safety blood sampler
WO2009127077A1 (zh) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-22 明辰股份有限公司 一种预填式自动回缩的安全回缩的安全针具
KR101087651B1 (ko) 2009-03-06 2011-11-30 조훈기 일회용 안전주사기
US8167820B2 (en) * 2009-03-20 2012-05-01 Mahurkar Sakharam D Retractable needle-safety blood sampling device
CN105107064B (zh) 2010-06-09 2021-10-01 西兰制药公司 流体输送装置针收回机构、筒及可扩张液压流体密封件
US9642970B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2017-05-09 Retractable Technologies, Inc. Syringe with retractable needle and moveable plunger seal
CN105857553B (zh) * 2016-04-20 2017-10-03 湖北工业大学 一种新型安全潜水衣

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA554034A (en) * 1958-03-04 W. H. Uytenbogaart Johannes Hypodermic injection apparatus
US2512882A (en) * 1949-08-17 1950-06-27 R G Truesdale Co Inc Serum inoculator
US3314428A (en) * 1963-12-04 1967-04-18 Alvin P Johnson Veterinary hypodermic syringe
BE795162A (fr) * 1972-02-10 1973-08-08 Philips Nv Injektie-inrichting
US3890971A (en) * 1973-10-23 1975-06-24 Thomas A Leeson Safety syringe
IT1206220B (it) * 1981-09-30 1989-04-14 Caselgrandi Ivo Palmieri Benia Siringa particolarmente idonea per biopsie ad ago avente un dispositivo che permette la fase aspirante, generata dalla corsa a ritroso dello stantuffo automaticamente
US4650468A (en) * 1986-02-26 1987-03-17 Jennings Jr Baldwin P Medical syringe
US4664654A (en) * 1986-03-07 1987-05-12 Strauss Eric C Automatic protracting and locking hypodermic needle guard
ATE60239T1 (de) * 1986-11-19 1991-02-15 Sterimatic Holdings Ltd Injektionsvorrichtungen.
US4826484A (en) * 1987-03-13 1989-05-02 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Disease control syringe having a retractable needle
US4747831A (en) * 1987-04-29 1988-05-31 Phase Medical, Inc. Cannula insertion set with safety retracting needle
US4900307A (en) * 1987-04-29 1990-02-13 Kulli John C Safety retracting needle for use with syringe
US4927414A (en) * 1987-04-29 1990-05-22 Kulli John C Syringe with safety retracting needle
CH673775A5 (da) * 1987-07-10 1990-04-12 Jacques Verlier
US4838869A (en) * 1987-08-29 1989-06-13 Allard Edward F Retractable needle syringe
US4838863A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-06-13 Allard Edward F Safe needle system for collecting fluids
US4874382A (en) * 1987-10-15 1989-10-17 Servetus Partnership Safety syringe
US4955870A (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-09-11 Ridderheim Kristen A Hypodermic syringe with retractable needle
US4966593A (en) * 1989-03-06 1990-10-30 Design Specialties Laboratories Disposable hypodermic syringe with retractable needle
US4978343A (en) * 1990-01-16 1990-12-18 Dysarz Edward D Trap in barrel one handed retractable safety syringe
US4973316A (en) * 1990-01-16 1990-11-27 Dysarz Edward D One handed retractable safety syringe
US4995870A (en) * 1990-05-09 1991-02-26 Baskas Morris J Disposable syringe with retractable needle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3874744T2 (de) 1993-04-15
DK156414C (da) 1990-01-22
DE3874744D1 (de) 1992-10-22
JPH02504114A (ja) 1990-11-29
DK156414B (da) 1989-08-21
ATE80557T1 (de) 1992-10-15
WO1989000435A1 (en) 1989-01-26
JP2644568B2 (ja) 1997-08-25
DK361987A (da) 1989-01-14
EP0367780A1 (en) 1990-05-16
EP0367780B1 (en) 1992-09-16
US5064419A (en) 1991-11-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DK361987A (da) Springkanylesproejte
EG18569A (en) Syringe
MX9201685A (es) Agujas para jeringa retractil, etc.
DK0412283T3 (da) Sprøjtecylinder til medicinske formål
DK0395211T3 (da) Injektionssprøjte til engangsbrug
BR9007926A (pt) Seringa de seguranca de uso unico provida com agulha retratil e dispositivo que impede a sua reutilizacao
ATE68708T1 (de) Injektionsspritze fuer medizinische zwecke.
GB2239608A (en) Hypodermic syringe
ATE10807T1 (de) Injektionsspritze mit ampulle.
MY104360A (en) Non-reusable syringe
ATE162405T1 (de) Einwegspritze
ATE107180T1 (de) Spritze für eine subkutane injektion ohne wiederverwendungsmöglichkeit.
EP0379223A3 (en) Disposable syringe
IT1243130B (it) Siringa monouso a scopo medicale.
KR870001084Y1 (ko) 주사기
SU712095A1 (ru) Безыгольный инъектор
DK30889A (da) Engangsinjektionssproejte
ES2010950A6 (es) Dispositivo de un solo uso para inyeccion.
IT1244049B (it) Siringa monouso.
KR970058733A (ko) 일회용 주사기
IT1263958B (it) Siringa di sicurezza monouso con meccanismo a scatto, atto a provocareil passaggio del corpo ago dall'esterno all'interno dello strumento e a rendere irreversibile l'operazione dopo l'uso
ES2010237A6 (es) Jeringa autodestruible de un solo uso.
ES2029602A6 (es) Jeringa de un solo uso para inyecciones.
RU96109614A (ru) Бесшприцевое инъекционное устройство
IT1262089B (it) Siringa monouso

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PBP Patent lapsed