DK2925789T3 - Fremgangsmåder og apparat til fremstilling af nanocellulose, og sammensætninger og produkter fremstillet derfra - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåder og apparat til fremstilling af nanocellulose, og sammensætninger og produkter fremstillet derfra Download PDFInfo
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- DK2925789T3 DK2925789T3 DK13859071.6T DK13859071T DK2925789T3 DK 2925789 T3 DK2925789 T3 DK 2925789T3 DK 13859071 T DK13859071 T DK 13859071T DK 2925789 T3 DK2925789 T3 DK 2925789T3
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Claims (15)
1. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et nanocellulosemateriale eller et nanocellulose-indeholdende produkt omfattende nanocellulosepartikler med mindst en længdedimension på fra 0,01 nm til 1000 nm, hvilken fremgangsmåde omfatter: (a) at tilvejebringe et lignocellulose-biomasseråstof; (b) at fraktionere nævnte råstof i tilstedeværelsen af en syre, fortrinsvis en syre valgt fra gruppen bestående af svovldioxid, svovlsyrling, svovltrioxid, svovlsyre, lignosulfonsyre, og kombinationer deraf, og mere fortrinsvis en syre af svovldioxid, et solvent til lignin, og vand, for at generere celluloserige faststoffer og en væske indeholdende hemicellulose og lignin; (c) at mekaniske behandle nævnte celluloserige faststoffer med en total mekanisk energi på mindre end omkring 1000 kilowatttimer per ton (1,102 kWh/kg) af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer for at danne cellulosefibriller og/eller cellulosekrystaller, fortrinsvis hvor nævnte celluloserige faststoffer behandles med en total mekanisk energi på mindre end omkring 500 kilowatttimer per ton (0,551 kWh/kg) af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer, og mere fortrinsvis med en total mekanisk energi på fra omkring 100 kilowatttimer (0,110 kWh/kg) til omkring 400 kilowatttimer per ton (0,441 kWh/kg) af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer, for derved at generere et nanocellulosemateriale med en krystal I in itet på mindst 60 %, fortrinsvis på mindst 70 %, 80 % eller 85 %; og (d) (i) genvinding af nævnte nanocellulosemateriale; eller (ii) inkorporering af mindst en del af nævnte nanocellulosemateriale i et nanocellulose-indeholdende produkt, fortrinsvis hvor nævnte nanocellulose-indeholdende produkt består essentielt af nævnte nanocellulosemateriale.
2. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor trin (c) yderligere omfatter behandling af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer med et eller flere enzymer, med en eller flere syrer, fortrinsvis valgt fra gruppen bestående af svovldioxid, svovlsyrling, lignosulfonsyre, eddikesyre, myresyre, og kombinationer deraf, eller med varme.
3. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor trin (c) ikke anvender nogen enzymer eller syrer.
4. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvilken fremgangsmåde yderligere omfatter at blege nævnte celluloserige faststoffer forud for trin (c) og/eller som en del af trin (c), eller at blege nævnte nanocellulosemateriale under trin (c) og/eller følgende trin (c).
5. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor nævnte nanocellulosemateriale omfatter nanofibrilleret cellulose og/eller nanokrystallinsk cellulose.
6. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor nævnte nanocellulosemateriale er kendetegnet ved en gennemsnitlig grad af polymerisering fra omkring 100 til omkring 1500, fortrinsvis fra omkring 300 til omkring 700 eller fra omkring 150 til omkring 250.
7. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvilken fremgangsmåde yderligere omfatter hydrolysering af amorft cellulose til glucose i trin (b) og/eller trin (c), genvinding af nævnte glucose, og eventuelt fermentering af nævnte glucose til et fermenteringsprodukt, hvilken fremgangsmåde yderligere omfatter genvinding, fermentering, eller yderligere behandling af hemicellulosesukre afledt fra nævnte hemicellulose, fortrinsvis fermentering af nævnte hemicellulosesukre for at fremstille en monomer eller udgangsstof deraf; polymerisering af nævnte monomer for at fremstille en polymer; og kombinere nævnte polymer og nævnte nanocellulosemateriale for at danne et polymer-nanocellulosekomposit, og/eller hvilken fremgangsmåde yderligere omfatter genvinding, forbrænding, eller yderligere behandling af nævnte lignin.
8. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor nævnte nanocellulosemateriale er mindst delvist hydrofobt via aflejring af mindst noget af nævnte lignin på en overflade af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer under trin (b), eller på en overflade af nævnte nanocellulosemateriale under trin (c) eller trin (d).
9. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvilken fremgangsmåde yderligere omfatter kemisk omdannelse af nævnte nanocellulosemateriale til et eller flere nanocellulosederivater, fortrinsvis valgt fra gruppen bestående af nanocelluloseestere, nanocelluloseethere, nanocelluloseetherestere, alkylerede nanocelluloseforbindelser, tværforbundne nanocellulose forbindelser, syre-funktionaliserede nanocelluloseforbindelser, base-funktionaliserede nanocelluloseforbindelser, og kombinationer deraf.
10. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor nævnte syre er svovldioxid med en koncentration fra omkring 10 vægtprocent til omkring 50 vægtprocent, fortrinsvis fra omkring 12 vægtprocent til omkring 30 vægtprocent, krystalliniteten af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer er mindst 70 %, fraktioneringstemperaturen er fra omkring 130 °C til omkring 200 °C, fortrinsvis fra omkring 140 °C til omkring 170 °C, og fraktioneringstiden er fra omkring 30 minutter til omkring 4 timer, fortrinsvis fra omkring 1 time til omkring 2 timer; og nævnte nanocellulosemateriale har en krystal I in itet på mindst 70 %.
11. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 10, hvor under trin (b), en del af nævnte lignin aflejres på en overflade af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer for derved at gøre nævnte celluloserige faststoffer mindst delvist hydrofobe.
12. Fremgangsmåden ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1, 5 eller 6, hvor nævnte nanocellulosemateriale er hydrofobt, og hvor i trin (b) en del af nævnte lignin aflejres på en overflade af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer for derved at gøre nævnte celluloserige faststoffer mindst delvist hydrofobe, og i trin (c) et hydrofobt nanocellulosemateriale med en krystal I initet på mindst 60 % dannes.
13. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 12, hvilken fremgangsmåde yderligere omfatter at kemisk modificere nævnte lignin for at øge hydrofobicitet af nævnte nanocellulosemateriale.
14. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor trin (d)(ii) omfatter at danne en strukturel genstand, der inkluderer nævnte nanocellulosemateriale, eller et derivat deraf, at danne en skum eller aerogel, der inkluderer nævnte nanocellulosemateriale, eller et derivat deraf, at danne en film omfattende nævnte nanocellulosemateriale, eller et derivat deraf, fortrinsvis en optisk transparent og fleksibel film, eller at danne en coating eller coating-udgangsstof omfattende nævnte nanocellulosemateriale, eller et derivat deraf, fortrinsvis hvor nævnte nanocellulosemateriale er mindst delvist hydrofobt via aflejring af mindst noget af nævnte lignin på en overflade af nævnte celluloserige faststoffer under trin (b), eller hvor nævnte nanocellulosemateriale er mindst delvist hydrofobt via aflejring af mindst noget af nævnte lignin på en overflade af nævnte nanocellulosemateriale under trin (c) eller trin (d) eller hvor trin (d)(ii) omfatter at kombinere nævnte nanocellulosemateriale, eller et derivat deraf, med et eller flere andre materialer, fortrinsvis med en polymer valgt fra polyolefiner, polyestere, polyurethaner, polyamider, eller kombinationer deraf, eller med kulstof for at danne et komposit.
15. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, hvor nævnte nanocellulose-indeholdende produkt konfigureres elektrokemisk til at bære eller lagre en elektrisk strøm eller spænding, inkorporeres i et filter, membran, eller anden separationsindretning, inkorporeres som et additiv i en coating, maling, eller klæbestof, konfigureres som en katalysator, katalysatorsubstrat, eller co-katalysator, inkorporeres som et cementadditiv, er en papircoating, inkorporeres som et fortykningsmiddel eller rheologisk modificeringsmiddel, eller inkorporeres som et additiv i en borefluid, fortrinsvis i en oliegenvindingsfluid og/eller en gasgenvindingsfluid.
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PCT/US2013/072441 WO2014085729A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-28 | Processes and apparatus for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom |
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