DK2528702T3

DK2528702T3 - Methods for the preparation of a resilient rail clip

Info

Publication number: DK2528702T3
Application number: DK10796315.9T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Stephen John Cox; David Rhodes
Original assignee: Pandrol Ltd
Priority date: 2010-01-27
Filing date: 2010-12-03
Publication date: 2015-05-26
Also published as: RU2012136430A; WO2011091893A1; ES2531309T3; CA2787694C; KR101779394B1; RU2543588C2; US20130074559A1; EP2528702B1; BR112012017549A2; GB201001301D0; JP5677466B2; AU2010344043B2; EP2528702A1; GB2477282A; PT2528702E; MX2012008685A; CN102712028A; PL2528702T3; SI2528702T1; KR20120116006A

Description

DESCRIPTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a resilient rail clip.

[0002] Various forms of resilient rail clips are known, for example as shown and described in GB1510224A and EP0619852B. A known method of manufacturing a resilient rail clip comprises bending a metal rod (usually made of steel) into a predetermined shape and then subjecting the bent rod to a cold setting process to achieve the final form of the clip.

[0003] Such rods have a common load-deflection characteristic with a common slope (clip stiffness) up to the elastic limit of the metal from which the bent rod is formed. Cold setting is intended to take the bent rod beyond that elastic limit, thereby inducing a permanent deflection (set) into the resulting clip, such that if it is then unloaded and taken up the load-deflection characteristic a second time, the load-deflection characteristic will be linear up to a much higher load, that is up to the load at which the new characteristic intercepts that for the original rod. One of the key problems in cold-setting is that the metal rods from which the clips are made themselves vary in hardness, typically between 44 and 48 Rockwell hardness. Since the elastic limit of rods made from softer metal is lower than that of rods made from harder metal, if all rods are taken to a fixed deflection, they will all unload down slightly different parallel lines and take on different and varying amounts of set. The softer rods will take on more set, the harder ones less set. This is illustrated in Figure 1Aof the accompanying drawings, which shows the load-deflection characteristics of a soft clip and a hard clip and the difference in set As between them after cold setting. This difference in set results in clips that have different geometries (above and beyond the variation already inherent in manufacture), where the geometry depends on the hardness. Thus, although these cold-set clips will all have the same stiffness, regardless of hardness, driving these clips into a fixed assembly which deflects them all by the same amount will result in the clips generating slightly different loads at the portion (the "toe") of the clip which bears on the railway rail. It is impractical to measure the hardness of each clip to be cold set directly before the start of the cold-setting process. Moreover, as shown in Figures 1B and 1C of the accompanying drawings, the problem cannot be overcome simply by changing the fixed amount of deflection applied during cold-setting (Fig. 1B), or by applying a fixed force instead of a fixed deflection (Fig. 1C), as this does not address the underlying problem. In the past, in an attempt to address this problem, the rod is repeatedly cold-set a number of times, but this is not fully effective.

[0004] According to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a resilient rail clip comprising bending a rod, made of metal having a hardness value falling within a known hardness value range, into a predetermined shape and then subjecting the bent rod to a cold setting process in order to induce in the bent rod a predetermined amount of permanent set, wherein the cold setting process comprises: applying a first load to part of the bent rod so as to cause a first amount of deflection of that part of the bent rod, which first load is a predetermined load having a value equal to or greater than that required to reach the yield point of metal having the highest hardness value in the said hardness value range; measuring the first amount of deflection of the said part of the bent rod achieved by applying the predetermined first load; determining, on the basis of the measured deflection amount, either (i) a second load, which, when applied to the said part of the bent rod, will cause the bent rod to acquire the predetermined amount of permanent set, or (ii) a second amount of deflection of the said part of the bent rod required in order to bring about in the bent rod the predetermined amount of permanent set; and applying the determined second load to the said part of the bent rod or deflecting the said part of the bent rod by the determined second amount of deflection.

[0005] According to an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a resilient rail clip comprising bending a rod, made of metal having a hardness value falling within a known hardness value range, into a predetermined shape and then subjecting the bent rod to a cold setting process in order to induce in the bent rod a predetermined amount of permanent set, wherein the cold setting process comprises: deflecting part of the bent rod by a predetermined first amount by applying a first load having a value equal to or greater than that required to reach the yield point of metal having the highest hardness value in the said hardness value range; measuring the amount of the first load required to achieve the predetermined first amount of deflection; determining, on the basis of the measured first load, either (i) a second deflection amount required in order to bring about in the bent rod the predetermined amount of permanent set, or (ii) a second load, which, when applied to the said part of the bent rod, will cause the bent rod to acquire the predetermined amount of permanent set; and deflecting the said part of the bent rod by the determined second deflection amount or applying the determined second load to the said part of the bent rod.

[0006] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1Ato 1C (described above) show the load-deflection characteristics of two rail clips of different respective hardness which have been cold set according to a previously-proposed method;

Figures 2A and 2B show respective flow diagrams depicting two alternative cold setting processes used in embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 3A shows a rail clip undergoing part of a cold setting process used in an embodiment of the present invention and Figure 3B shows the same rail clip after cold setting with a set caused by that cold setting process; and

Figures 4Aand 4B each show the load-deflection characteristics of two rail clips of different respective hardness, the thicker lines showing the characteristics after the clips have been cold set according to a method embodying the present invention and the thinner lines showing the characteristics of the clips before cold setting, in which Figures 4Aand 4B correspond respectively to methods embodying the first aspect and the second aspect of the present invention.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention a rod of metal, having a hardness value falling within a known hardness value range, is bent into a predetermined clip shape (see Figure 3A) and then subjected to a two-stage cold setting process, as shown in the flow diagrams of Figure 2Aor 2B. Firstly, the rod is loaded to a level equal to or beyond the yield point of a rod having a hardness value at the top of the hardness value range (STEP 1). Then, depending on the method being used, either a measurement is taken of how much deflection dxhas resulted in STEP 1 from a fixed applied force Fo (STEP 2, Figure 2A), or how much force Fx has been required in STEP 1 to reach a fixed deflection do (STEP 2, Figure 2B). In the method of Figure 2A, which embodies the first aspect of the present invention, the measured deflection dx is then used to determine the amount of force Fo + AFxor second deflection amount dx+ Adx(STEP 3, Figure 2A) required in order to induce in the bent rod a predetermined amount of permanent set S in a second stage of the process, during which the larger force or deflection is applied to the rod. Similarly, in the method of Figure 2B, which embodies the second aspect of the present invention, the measured force Fxis then used to determine the deflection do + Adxor second load Fx+ AFx(STEP 3, Figure 2B) required in order to induce in the bent rod a predetermined amount of permanent set S in a second stage of the process, during which the larger deflection or force is applied to the rod. In each case the measured values are used by equipment (and/or by a person) to find the additional force/deflection required, for example by reference to a predetermined look-up table or by calculation. In the second processing stage (STEP 4), the rod is subjected to the force or deflection determined in STEP 3 of the preceding stage, the amount of which will vary depending on the hardness of the rod, such that the resulting clip (see Figure 3B) is always set to a point that lies along a line that is parallel to the initial load-deflection characteristic of the original rod, as shown in Figures 4Aand 4B. In other words, as shown in Figures 4A and 4B, each clip when unloaded will always fall back along an extension of this line, and thus all clips made using this method will have the same amount of set, and therefore the same finished geometry, as each other, regardless of the hardness of the rod. Thus, employing a method embodying the present invention allows the geometry of the clip after the cold-setting process to be closely defined, and in particular it may be more precisely defined than the geometry of the clip before the cold-setting process.

[0008] Figure 4A shows the load-deflection characteristics for clips of different respective hardness, before (thinner lines) and after (thicker lines) cold setting by a method embodying the first aspect of the present invention, in which a measurement is taken of how much deflection, d|-| (hard clip) or dg (soft clip), has resulted from application to the clip of a fixed applied force Fo, and the measured deflection for that clip (d|-|/ds) is then used to determine the amount of force, Fo + AFh (hard clip) or Fo + AFs (soft clip), or the amount of deflection, dn + Adn (hard clip) or ds + Ads (soft clip), required in order to achieve a predetermined amount of permanent set S. All clips cold set in this manner, throughout the whole of the hardness range, will have the same set S. Similarly, Figure 4B shows the load-deflection characteristics for clips of different respective hardness, before (thinner lines) and after (thicker lines) cold setting by a method embodying the second aspect of the present invention, in which a measurement is taken of how much force, Fh (hard clip) or Fs (soft clip), is required in order to achieve a fixed deflection do of the clip, and the measured force for that clip (Fh/Fs) is then used to determine the amount of deflection, do + Adn (hard clip) or do + Ads (soft dip), or the amount of force, Fh + AFh (hard clip) or Fs + AFs (soft clip), required in order to achieve a predetermined amount of permanent set S. All clips cold set in this manner, throughout the whole of the hardness range, will have the same set S.

[0009] These methods are particularly advantageous when using hydraulic equipment of the type having force and deflection control, as this allows the determination to be made effectively instantaneously so that there is scarcely a pause in the coldsetting process.

REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

Patent documents cited in the description • GB151022-1Å (0082] • EP06198523 (00021

Claims

1. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en eftergivelig skinneklemme, hvilken fremgangsmåde omfatter bøjning af en stang, som består af et metal med et hårdhedstal, der falder inden for et kendt hårdhedstal-område, idet stangen bøjes til en i forvejen bestemt form, hvorefter den bøjede stang udsættes for en koldhærdningsbehandling med henblik på, i den bøjede stang, at opnå en i forvejen bestemt grad af permanent hærdning, kendetegnet ved, at koldhærdningsbehandlingen omfatter: at man påfører en første belastning på en del af den bøjede stang, så at der tilvejebringes en første grad af udbøjning af nævnte del af den bøjede stang, hvilken første belastning er en i forvejen bestemt belastning, som er lig med eller større end den belastning, som kræves for at nå metallets fly-despænding, idet hårdhedsgraden er den højeste i det nævnte hårdheds-grad-område; at man måler den første grad af udbøjning af nævnte del af den bøjede stang, og som blev opnået ved at påføre den i forvejen bestemte første belastning; at man på grundlag af den målte grad af udbøjning bestemmer enten (i) en anden belastning, som, når denne er påført den nævnte del af den bøjelige stang, vil medføre, at den bøjelige stang opnår den i forvejen bestemte størrelse af permanent hærdning, eller (ii) en anden grad af udbøjning af nævnte del af den bøjede stang, og som er nødvendig for i den bøjede stang at tilvejebringe den i forvejen bestemte grad af permanent hærdning; og at man påfører den bestemte anden belastning på den nævnte del af den bøjede stang, eller at man bøjer den nævnte del af den bøjede stang så meget, som svarer til den tilvejebragte anden grad af udbøjning.A method of producing a resilient rail clamp which comprises bending a rod consisting of a metal having a hardness number falling within a known hardness number range, the rod being bent into a predetermined shape, after which it is bent. bar is subjected to a cold cure treatment in order to achieve, in the bent bar, a predetermined degree of permanent cure, characterized in that the cold cure treatment comprises: applying an initial load to a portion of the bent bar so as to provide a first degree of deflection of said portion of the bent rod, said first load being a predetermined load equal to or greater than the load required to reach the metal's flight stress, the hardness being the highest in the said degree of hardness; measuring the first degree of deflection of said portion of the bent rod and which was obtained by applying the predetermined first load; that, on the basis of the measured degree of deflection, either (i) another load is determined which, when applied to said portion of the flexible bar, will cause the flexible bar to achieve the predetermined amount of permanent cure; or (ii) a second degree of deflection of said portion of the bent rod, which is necessary to provide in the bent rod the predetermined degree of permanent cure; and applying the particular second load to said portion of the bent rod, or flexing said portion of said bent rod as much as the second degree of deflection provided.

2. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en eftergivelig skinneklemme, og som omfatter, at man bøjer en stang, som er fremstillet af metal, der har et hårdhedstal, der falder inden for et kendt hårdhedstal-område, idet stangen bøjes til en i forvejen bestemt form, og at man derefter underkaster den bøjede stang en koldhærdningsbehandling med henblik på at tildele den bøjede stang en i forvejen bestemt mængde af blivende hærdning, kendetegnet ved, at koldhærdningsbehandlingen omfatter: at man bøjer en del af den bøjede stang i en i forvejen bestemt grad ved at påføre en første belastning, som er lig med eller større end den belastning, der kræves for at nå flydepunktet for metal med det højeste hårdhedstal i det nævnte hårdhedstal-område; at man måler mængden af den første belastning, som kræves for at opnå den i forvejen bestemte første mængde af udbøjning; at man på grundlag af den målte første belastning bestemmer enten (i) en anden mængde af udbøjning for i den bøjede stang at opnå den i forvejen bestemte mængde af permanent hærdning, eller (ii) en anden belastning, som, når denne påføres den nævnte del af den bøjede stang, vil forårsage, at den bøjede stang får en i forvejen bestemt mængde af permanent hærdning, og at man bøjer den nævnte del af den bøjede stang, så at den bestemte anden mængde af udbøjning opnås, eller at man påfører den bestemte anden belastning på den nævnte del af den bøjede stang.A method of producing a resilient rail clamp, comprising bending a rod made of metal having a hardness number falling within a known hardness number range, the rod being bent to a predetermined shape and then subjecting the bent rod to a cold hardening treatment to give the bent rod a predetermined amount of permanent hardening, characterized in that the cold hardening treatment comprises: bending a portion of the bent rod to a predetermined degree by applying a first load equal to or greater than the load required to reach the floating point of metal of the highest hardness number in said hardness number range; measuring the amount of initial load required to achieve the predetermined initial amount of deflection; that, on the basis of the first measured load, either (i) a different amount of deflection is determined to obtain in the bent rod the predetermined amount of permanent cure, or (ii) a second load which, when applied to said one, part of the bent rod will cause the bent rod to receive a predetermined amount of permanent cure and to bend said portion of the bent rod so that the particular other amount of deflection is obtained or applied to it. certain second load on said portion of the bent rod.