DK2359434T3

DK2359434T3 - Planar antenna

Info

Publication number: DK2359434T3
Application number: DK08875103T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Sybille Holzwarth; Oliver Litschke; Jochen Beck; Bahram Sanadgol
Original assignee: Nbb Holding Ag
Priority date: 2008-12-18
Filing date: 2008-12-18
Publication date: 2015-04-20
Also published as: EP2359434A1; EP2359434B1; NZ593387A; AU2008365430A1; ZA201103684B; KR20110084326A; WO2010069350A1; AU2008365430B2

Description

The invention relates to a planar antenna for selectively receiving two electromagnetic waves linearly polarized orthogonally to each other, comprising a plate structure with an upper, a central and a lower electrically conductive plate element, the plate elements being arranged one above the other, with the interposition of an upper and a lower insulating element carrying an upper and a lower conductor path structure, respectively, the plate elements forming a multiplicity of receiving cells arranged next to one another in the form of openings, into each of which a first decoupling probe and a second decoupling probe, arranged one above the other, extend, the first decoupling probes of all receiving cells being combined electrically by the upper conductor path structure and the second decoupling probes of all receiving cells by the lower conductor path structure in the correct amplitude and the correct phase.

Such planar antennas are known from WO 98/26642 A. They serve to receive linearly polarized electromagnetic waves which - in a frequency range of approximately 5 GHz to 20 GHz and more, for example, in particular, in a frequency range of 10.7 GHz to 12.75 GHz - are transmitted by geostationary satellites. It must be possible for the two waves polarized orthogonally to each other to each be selectively receivable. The received signals should, therefore, be insulated as well as possible from each other. It should also be possible to receive relatively weak signals well, i.e., the planar antenna should have a high antenna gain. In other words, the individual receiving cells should have as high an efficiency as possible, and the signals of all receiving cells should be combined as optimally as possible. In addition, the frequency range in which signals can be received well should be as large as possible, i.e., the planar antenna should have a large bandwidth.

The object of the present invention is to further develop a planar antenna of the kind mentioned at the outset so that it will have a high antenna gain and a large bandwidth as well as good polarization decoupling.

This object is accomplished by a planar antenna having the features of patent claim 1.

In the planar antenna in accordance with the invention, a multiplicity of openings are used, whose shape results from a central intersection of at least two oval-shaped recesses. It has been found that a particularly high antenna gain is achievable with openings of such configuration. Here at least two ovalshaped recesses are used. It is, however, also possible to provide more than two oval-shaped recesses centrally intersecting each other, for example, four oval-shaped recesses. The oval-shaped recesses may, for example, take the form of ellipses or else rectangles with rounded corners. In particular, the recesses may be configured as ovals which each have two axes of symmetry intersecting each other perpendicularly.

Not only a high antenna gain and a large bandwidth can be achieved with openings of such shape. It has been found that such an opening contour also enables very good polarization decoupling. In particular, very good sensitivity is achieved over the entire frequency band of 10.7 GHz to 12.75 GHz. Losses at the band edges, as often occur in the form of resonance effects (waveguide modes) with the usual opening contours, can be significantly reduced by the oval-shaped recesses which intersect each other centrally. Ratios between effective band width and frequency of more than 20 % can be achieved.

In accordance with the invention, the openings have a bottom, which is of flat configuration in the region of a first oval-shaped recess, and which has two steps in the region of a second oval-shaped recess intersecting the first ovalshaped recess. It has been found that a particularly good decoupling of the two electromagnetic waves polarized orthogonally to each other is achievable by provision of the steps in the bottom of the opening, in particular, on reception of electromagnetic signals ranging from 10.7 GHz to 12.75 GHz.

The flat bottom in the region of the first oval-shaped recess can form a first wave short circuit (often also referred to as "short") for reception of a first linearly polarized electromagnetic wave, and the stepped bottom region of the second oval-shaped recess can form a second wave short circuit ("short") for a second linearly polarized electromagnetic wave. Each receiving cell is thereby provided with an opening which forms two waveguide radiators arranged at an angle to each other, with the radiation of the two waveguides exhibiting very good decoupling. In particular, provision may be made for the two waveguide radiators to be arranged perpendicularly to each other in such a way that the main axis of the first oval-shaped recess is oriented orthogonally to the main axis of the second oval-shaped recess.

The two steps are of different heights. For example, provision may be made for the height of the first step to be greater than the distance between the two decoupling probes, and for the second step to have a height which is smaller than the distance between the two decoupling probes. It has been found that an additional increase in the antenna gain is thereby achievable.

It is of particular advantage if the openings, in a plan view, are rotationally symmetrical with respect to a rotation through 90° about the surface normal of the plate structure. The opening contours thus merge into each other at a rotation about the surface normal through an angle of 90°. This facilitates manufacture, in particular, of the uppermost plate segment, which defines the opening contours in the plan view.

The openings preferably have a first main axis and a second main axis oriented perpendicularly thereto, the decoupling probes each being oriented perpendicularly to a main axis. The main axes are characterized by directions in which the openings have a maximum extent. The main axes correspond to the longitudinal axes of the oval-shaped recesses which intersect each other centrally. Thus, a first oval-shaped recess can comprise the first main axis as longitudinal axis, and a second oval-shaped recess can comprise the second main axis as longitudinal axis. The first decoupling probe can be oriented perpendicularly to the first main axis, and the second decoupling probe can be oriented perpendicularly to the second main axis.

The receiving cells of the planar antenna are preferably arranged next to one another in lines and columns, and the main axes of the openings are preferably inclined to the lines and columns. The angle of inclination may range from -45° to + 45°, for example.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the planar antenna in accordance with the invention, the openings have a contour similar to a four-leaf clover or a cross. The openings are therefore formed by two oval-shaped recesses intersecting each other centrally, whose longitudinal axes are oriented perpendicularly to each other. The two oval-shaped recesses are of identical configuration.

Starting from an edge of the opening, the decoupling probes preferably extend beyond the midpoint of the opening, which is formed by the point of intersection of two main axes.

In order to additionally increase the antenna gain, provision is made in an advantageous embodiment of the invention for the openings to widen conically in the direction of the upper side of the uppermost plate element.

In this connection, it is favourable if the openings only widen conically in the region of the upper plate element as manufacture of the plate elements can thereby be simplified. Provision of a conical widening involves a certain amount of expenditure. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, this is only required in the manufacture of the upper plate element, whereas the central and lower plate elements do not have any conical widenings and can therefore be manufactured in a simpler way.

It is particularly favourable if the openings widen conically over only a partial area of the upper plate element. For formation of the openings of the individual receiving cells, the upper plate element may comprise an aperture with a lower section facing the underside of the plate element and distinguished by wall sections extending parallel to the surface normal of the upper plate element, and with a wall section facing the upper side with wall regions widening conically in the direction of the upper side of the plate element.

The central plate element may also have an aperture, which extends from the upper side to the underside of the central plate element.

For formation of the openings of the receiving cells, the lower plate element may comprise a multiplicity of depressions, which each extend from the upper side of the lower plate element to a bottom wall of the depression.

The two steps advantageously extend perpendicularly to the main axis of the second oval-shaped recess.

The first and second oval-shaped recesses preferably have a common area of intersection, and the two steps are arranged at the edge of the area of intersection.

It is favourable if one step is positioned, in each case, at sides of the area of intersection that face away from each other.

Provision may be made for the two steps laterally adjoining the area of intersection to be directed upwards. It may, however, also be advantageous if the two steps laterally adjoining the area of intersection are directed downwards.

It is favourable if one of the two decoupling probes extends above the higher one of the two steps. This decoupling probe therefore extends over a considerable range of its longitudinal extent at a relatively short distance from the bottom of the opening into which it projects. This decoupling probe can extend with its free end section into the area of intersection explained above.

In this region, the decoupling probe extending above the higher one of the two steps can be covered by the other decoupling probe.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the stepped bottom of the openings is formed by the lower plate element.

In a preferred embodiment of the planar antenna in accordance with the invention, a further considerable increase in the antenna gain is achieved by the plate elements having on their sides that face each other groove structures that interact in pairs, with the groove structures that are arranged on the underside of the upper plate element and on the upper side of the central plate element forming a first channel system in which the upper conductor path structure extends at a distance from the channel walls, and with the groove structures that are arranged on the underside of the central plate element and on the upper side of the lower plate element forming a second channel system in which the second conductor path structure extends at a distance from the channel walls.

In such a configuration of the planar antenna in accordance with the invention, grooves are formed in the individual plate elements. The plate elements are stacked on top of one another with the interposition of insulating elements which carry the upper and the lower conductor path structure, respectively.

The groove structures arranged one above the other form channel systems in which the conductor path structures extend. The conductor path structures are thereby electrically insulated from the plate elements in a constructionally simple manner without any additional insulating material having to be used. The layers of insulating foam otherwise used between the electrically conductive plate elements and the conductor path structures can be dispensed with. A very compact design is thereby imparted to the plate structure with the plate elements and the insulating elements arranged between these, and the conductor path structures are highly effectively electrically insulated from one another without a large mass of insulating material having to be used. Instead, the conductor path structures are insulated from the plate elements by provision of the channel systems, which are produced by the groove structures that interact with each other. The omission of layers of insulating foam has, above all, the advantage that the entire plate structure absorbs relatively little moisture. This, in turn, improves the antenna gain, the bandwidth and also the polarization decoupling.

The channel system in which the conductor path structures are arranged is expediently formed, in each case, by a pair of groove structures arranged in alignment with each other.

The upper and/or lower channel system is preferably filled with a gas, for example, with air. The gas serves as dielectric, which can keep reception losses of the planar antenna very low. Alternatively, the upper and/or lower channel system can be evacuated or filled with a dielectric solid, in particular, a plastic material.

The upper and/or the lower insulating element, which carries the upper and the lower conductor path structure, respectively, is preferably configured as a flexible plastic film. This imparts a very flat design to the plate structure overall, as the flexible plastic film may have a very small thickness. In spite of the small thickness, a highly effective insulation between the conductor path structures and the individual plate elements can be ensured by use of a plastic material. A conductor path structure can be applied to the plastic film in the usual way. For example, the conductor path structure may be printed on the plastic film. Provision may also be made for a film coated with metal to be etched.

The flexible plastic film, may, for example, have a thickness of less than 0.5 mm; in particular, it may have a thickness of less than 0.2 mm. A flexible plastic film with a thickness ranging from approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 0.1 mm has proven particularly advantageous.

The plastic film is preferably provided with a conductor path structure made of a highly electrically conductive material, for example, using copper or gold. Provision may also be made for the surface of the conductor path structure to be coated with gold or some other refining material. When copper is used, the conductor path structure preferably has a thickness of less than 0.05 mm, in particular, a thickness of less than 0.02 mm.

The conductor path structures may be arranged on the upper side and/or the underside of the insulating elements. A congruent arrangement on the upper side and the underside has proven particularly advantageous, as electrical losses (attenuation) can thereby be reduced.

It is particularly favourable if the plate structure is self-supporting. This has the advantage that an additional supporting layer for the plate structure can be dispensed with. On the contrary, the plate structure, comprising the plate elements and the insulating elements arranged between these, has sufficient stability. To fix the plate structure, the planar antenna may comprise a conventional swivel mechanism, so that easy adjustment of the plate structure manually or by motor is possible both with respect to the angle that it assumes in the direction of elevation and in view of its horizontal orientation (azimuth angle). As an additional supporting layer can be dispensed with, the plate structure can be adjusted by the swivel mechanism with relatively low forces. Corresponding drive elements can therefore be reduced in size.

At least one plate element may, for example, be made of a metallized plastic material or an electrically conductive plastic material. In particular, a galvanized ABS plastic material has proven advantageous.

Provision may also be made for at least one plate element to be configured as a metal plate, in particular, in the form of an aluminium sheet. This may, for example, have a thickness of less than 10 mm.

In an advantageous embodiment, the upper and lower plate elements have the same material thickness, whereas the central plate element has a smaller material thickness. In particular, provision may be made for the material thickness of the central plate element to be half the size of the material thickness of the upper and lower plate elements. For example, the upper and lower plate elements may each have a material thickness of 8 mm, whereas the central plate element has a material thickness of 4 mm.

It is of particular advantage if the two channel systems formed by the groove structures are of identical construction, the lower channel system being arranged in a position rotated about the surface normal of the plate structure relative to the upper channel system. The use of identical channel systems simplifies manufacture of the planar antenna.

Provision may be made for the lower channel system to be rotated through an angle of 90° about the surface normal of the plate structure relative to the upper channel system.

The following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention serves for a more detailed explanation in conjunction with the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows a perspective, exploded representation of a partial area of a planar antenna in accordance with the invention with an upper, a central and a lower plate element, and an insulating element arranged between each of these;

Figure 2 shows a plan view of a detail of the upper plate element from Figure 1;

Figure 3 shows a bottom view of the detail of the upper plate element shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 shows a plan view of a detail of an upper insulating element with an upper conductor path structure;

Figure 5 shows a plan view of a detail of the central plate element from Figure 1;

Figure 6 shows a bottom view of the detail of the central plate element from Figure 5;

Figure 7 shows a plan view of a detail of the lower insulating element with a lower conductor path structure;

Figure 8 shows a plan view of a detail of the lower plate element from Figure 1;

Figure 9 shows a bottom view of the detail of the lower plate element from Figure 8;

Figure 10 shows a sectional view of the upper plate element taken along line 10-10 in Figure 2;

Figure 11 shows a sectional view of the central plate element taken along line 11-11 in Figure 5;

Figure 12 shows a sectional view of the lower plate element taken along line 12-12 in Figure 8;

Figure 13 shows a diagrammatic sectional view of the planar antenna from Figure 1 in a region between adjacent receiving cells; and

Figure 14 shows a plan view of one of the openings of the planar antenna in accordance with the invention. A detail of a planar antenna in accordance with the invention, which is generally designated by reference numeral 10, is shown diagrammatically in the drawings. It comprises a plate structure 12 with an upper plate element 14, a central plate element 16 and a lower plate element 18, which, in the embodiment shown, are each made of a metallized plastic material in the form of a galvanized injection molded part. An upper insulating element 20 is arranged between the upper plate element 14 and the central plate element 16. This is made in the form of a flexible plastic film and carries on its upper side and congruently also on its underside an upper conductor path structure 22. This is shown in Figure 4. Arranged between the central plate element 16 and the lower plate element 18 is a lower insulating element 24 in the form of a flexible plastic film, which carries on its upper side and congruently also on its underside the lower conductor path structure 26 shown in Figure 7. As will be clear from comparison of Figures 4 and 7, the lower conductor path structure 26 is identical to the upper conductor path structure 22, but it is rotated through an angle of 90° in relation to the surface normal of the plate structure 12.

Instead of arranging the conductor path structures 22 and 26, in each case, congruently on the upper side and the lower side of the insulating elements 20 and 24, respectively, they could also be arranged on only one side (upper side or lower side). The congruent arrangement of the conductor path structures on the upper side and the lower side of the insulating elements does, however, make it possible to minimize the electrical losses (attenuation) and to thereby increase the antenna gain.

The planar antenna 10 comprises a multiplicity of receiving cells 30 arranged next to one another in lines and columns, which are each formed by an opening 32. As will be clear, in particular, from Figure 14, the openings 32 have a first main axis 34 and a second main axis 36 arranged perpendicularly to the first main axis 34, which each extend in a direction with the largest extent of the openings 32. The two main axes 34 and 36 are inclined at an angle of 45° to the lines and columns of the receiving cells 30.

The openings 32 are each formed by two oval-shaped recesses 33, 35 which intersect each other centrally. The first oval-shaped recess 33 extends along the first main axis 34 and the second oval-shaped recess 35 extends along the second main axis 36. The two oval-shaped recesses 33, 35 form a common central area of intersection 37, which, in order to achieve a better overview, is hatched in Figure 14.

The openings 32 therefore have a contour similar to a four-leaf clover or a symmetrical cross with two beams of equal length, which are oriented perpendicularly to each other and have rounded outer edges.

In the region of the first oval-shaped recess 33, the bottom 39 of the openings 32 is of flat configuration, i.e., in the region of the first oval-shaped recess 33, the openings 32 have a uniform depth. In contrast, the bottom 39 of the openings 32 is provided in the region of the second oval-shaped recesses 35 with two steps 41, 43 which on opposite sides immediately adjoin the central area of intersection 37 and which are oriented perpendicularly to the second main axis 36. The step 41 has a lower height than the step 43. This is clear, in particular, from Figure 12 and will be explained in greater detail below. A first decoupling probe 38 oriented parallel to the first main axis 34 and a second decoupling probe 40 oriented parallel to the second main axis 36 extend into each of the openings 32. The first decoupling probe 38 is arranged at a distance above the second decoupling probe 40, namely in the plane, defined by the upper insulating element 20, between the upper plate element 14 and the central plate element 16. The second decoupling probe 40 is arranged in the plane, defined by the lower insulating element 24, between the central plate element 16 and the lower plate element 18. As is clear from Figures 4 and 7, the first decoupling probes 38 of all openings 32 are connected to one another via the upper conductor path structure 22, and the second decoupling probes 40 of all openings 32 are connected to one another via the lower conductor path structure 26.

The plate elements, 14, 16 and 18 arranged one above the other, with the interposition of the upper insulating element 20 and the lower insulating element 24, form in their entirety the openings 32. For this purpose, the upper plate element 14 has a multiplicity of first apertures 42, which define the outer contour of the openings 32 and comprise a lower aperture section 44 with walls 46 oriented parallel to the surface normal of the plate structure 12 and an upper aperture section 50 adjoining the lower aperture section 44 in the direction of the upper side 48 of the upper plate element 14 with walls 52 widening conically in the direction of the upper side 48.

In alignment with the lower aperture sections 44 of the first apertures 42 of the upper plate element 14, the central plate element 16 has second apertures 54 which extend from the upper side 56 of the central plate element 16 to its underside 58 with walls 60 oriented parallel to the surface normal of the plate structure 12.

In alignment with the second apertures 54 of the central plate element 16, the lower plate element 18 has depressions 62 with walls 64 oriented parallel to the surface normal of the plate structure 12 and with the bottom 39. As explained above, the bottom 39 is of flat configuration in the direction of the first main axis 34, namely in the region of the first oval-shaped recess 33, whereas in the direction of the second main axis 36, namely in the region of the second oval-shaped recess 35, it has the smaller step 41 and the larger step 43.

The insulating elements 20 and 24 are arranged between two plate elements 14 and 16 and 16 and 18, respectively. To provide electrical insulation between the conductor path structures 22 and 26 arranged on the insulating elements 20 and 24 and the electrically conductive plate elements 14, 16 and 18, the plate elements have on their sides that face each other groove structures interacting in pairs, which form a channel system, in each case, in which the conductor path structures 22 and 26, respectively, are arranged at a distance from the walls of the channel system. The upper plate element 14 has, for this purpose, on its underside 74 a first groove structure 76, which is formed in the material of the upper plate element 14. In a corresponding manner, the central plate element 16 has on its upper side 56 a second groove structure 78, which coincides with the first groove structure 76 formed in the underside of the upper plate element 14. When the upper plate element 14 is placed on the central plate 16 with the interposition of the upper insulating element 20, then the first groove structure 76 and the second groove structure 78 form an upper channel system 80 with channel walls 82, which receives the upper conductor path structure 22. This can be seen, in particular, in the diagrammatic representation in Figure 13. Herein the upper conductor path structure 22 assumes a clear distance from the channel walls 82, and since the upper channel system 80 is filled with air, which acts as dielectric, the upper conductor path structure 22 is electrically insulated from the upper plate element 14 and from the central plate element 16.

On its underside 58, the central plate element 16 has a third groove structure 84, which is formed in the material of the central plate element 16 and coincides with a fourth groove structure 86, which is formed in the upper side 88 of the lower plate element 18. The central plate element 16 is placed on the lower plate element 18 with the interposition of the lower insulating element 24. The third groove structure 84 thereby forms in combination with the fourth groove structure 86 a lower channel system 90, which receives the lower conductor path structure 26. The lower conductor path structure 26 is arranged at a distance from the channel walls 91 of the lower channel system 90.

The lower channel system 90 is identical to the upper channel system 80, but it is rotated through an angle of 90° about the surface normal of the plate structure 12 in relation to the upper channel system 80.

The planar antenna 10 is only shown in part in the drawings in the form of a field of eight openings 32 arranged in one line and eight openings 32 arranged in one column. Overall, the planar antenna 10 can actually be of significantly larger construction and comprise a considerably larger number of openings 32, but these are all constructed in accordance with the openings explained above. The entire planar antenna 10 may, for example, comprise eight such fields, each with eight lines and eight columns.

The planar antenna 10 in accordance with the invention is distinguished by a high antenna gain, a large bandwidth and very good polarization decoupling. The shape of the openings 32 similar to a four-leaf clover and the bottom 39 for each opening 32, which is of flat configuration in the direction of the first main axis 34 and which has a smaller step 41 and a larger step 43 in the direction of the second main axis 36, contribute to this. Arranged above the larger step 43, in each case, is a second decoupling probe 40, which extends with its free end region 92 into the central area of intersection 37. The first decoupling probe 38 is arranged above and at a distance from the second decoupling probe 40. It is oriented perpendicularly to the second decoupling probe 40 and therefore extends along the first main axis 34.

The properties of the planar antenna 10 were additionally enhanced by the provision of the groove structures 76, 78, 84 and 86 which form the upper channel system 80 and the lower channel system 90, in which the upper conductor path structure 22 and the lower conductor path structure 26, respectively, are arranged.

Additional insulating foam material can thereby be dispensed with between the plate elements 14 and 16 and 16 and 18, respectively. This has, in turn, the advantage that the planar antenna 10 absorbs only relatively little moisture, which might impair the reception quality of the planar antenna 10. In addition, the electromagnetic waves polarized orthogonally to one another, which are received in the receiving cells 30, can propagate optimally via the channel systems 80 and 90 filled with air.

Claims

1. Planarantenne til selektiv modtagelse af to elektromagnetiske bølger, der er lineært polariseret orthogonalt i forhold til hinanden, omfattende en pladestruktur (12) med et øvre, et mellemste og et nedre elektrisk ledende pladeelement (14, 16, 18), hvor pladeelementerne er anbragt over hinanden ved anbringelse derimellem af et øvre og et nedre isoleringselement (20, 24), der bærer en øvre eller en nedre ledebanestruktur (22, 26), hvor pladeelementerne (14, 16, 18) udgør flere modtagerceller (30), der er anbragt ved siden af hinanden, i form af åbninger (32), som hver især en første udkoblingssonde (38) og en anden udkoblingssonde (40), der er anbragt over hinanden, rager ind i, hvor samtlige modtagercellers (30) første udkoblingssonder (38) via den øvre ledebanestruktur (22) og samtlige modtagercellers (30) anden udkoblingssonder (40) via den nedre ledebanestruktur (26) er sammenføjet elektrisk amplitude- og fasekorrekt, kendetegnet ved, at åbningerne (32) hver især er dannet af mindst to ovale udsparinger (33, 35), der centrisk krydser hinanden, og at åbningerne (32) har en bund (39), der i området ved en første oval udsparing (33) er udformet plant og i området ved en anden oval udsparing (35), der krydser den første ovale udsparing (33), har to trin (41,43), hvor begge trin (41,43) har forskellig højde.A planar antenna for selectively receiving two electromagnetic waves which are linearly polarized orthogonally to each other, comprising a plate structure (12) having an upper, middle and lower electrically conductive plate element (14, 16, 18), wherein the plate elements are disposed over one another by disposing therebetween an upper and a lower insulating element (20, 24) supporting an upper or a lower conductor structure (22, 26), the plate elements (14, 16, 18) forming multiple receiving cells (30) which are arranged side by side, in the form of apertures (32), each of which a first disengaging probe (38) and a second disengaging probe (40) arranged over each other project into each of the first disengaging probes (30) (38) via the upper conductor structure (22) and all other switching off probes (40) of all receiving cells (30) via the lower conductor structure (26) are electrically amplitude and phase-correct, characterized in that the openings (32) each e. r is formed by at least two oval recesses (33, 35) centrally intersecting and the openings (32) have a bottom (39) formed in the region of a first oval recess (33) and in the region of a the second oval recess (35) intersecting the first oval recess (33) has two stages (41, 43), with both stages (41, 43) having different heights.

2. Planarantenne ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at åbningerne (32) set ovenfra er rotationssymmetriske i forhold til en rotation med 90° omkring pladestrukturens (12) fladenormal.Planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the apertures (32) are viewed from above as rotationally symmetrical with respect to a rotation of 90 ° about the surface normal of the plate structure (12).

3. Planarantenne ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at åbningerne (32) har en første hovedakse (34) og en anden hovedakse (36), der er orienteret vinkelret på denne, hvor udkoblingssonderne (38, 40) hver især er orienteret vinkelret på en hovedakse (34, 36).Planar antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the apertures (32) have a first main axis (34) and a second main axis (36) oriented perpendicular thereto, the switching probes (38, 40) being each oriented perpendicular to a principal axis (34, 36).

4. Planarantenne ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at modtagercellerne (30) er anbragt række- og spalteformet ved siden af hinanden, og at åbningernes (32) første og anden hovedakser (34, 36) hælder mod rækkerne og spalterne.Planar antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the receiving cells (30) are arranged in a row and slot form side by side and that the first and second main axes (34, 36) of the openings (32) are inclined towards the rows and slots.

5. Planarantenne ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at åbningerne (32) har en kontur som et firbladet kløverblad eller et kryds.Planar antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (32) have a contour such as a four-leaf clover leaf or a cross.

6. Planarantenne ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at åbningerne (32) udvider sig konisk i retning af det øvre pladeelements (14) overside (48).Planar antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (32) extend conically in the direction of the upper side (48) of the upper plate element (14).

7. Planarantenne ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet ved, at åbningerne (32) udelukkende udvider sig konisk i det øvre pladeelements (14) område.Planar antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that the openings (32) extend only conically in the region of the upper plate element (14).

8. Planarantenne ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at de to trin (41, 43) strækker sig vinkelret på den anden ovale udsparings (35) hovedakse (36).Planar antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two steps (41, 43) extend perpendicular to the main axis (36) of the second oval recess (35).

9. Planarantenne ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at den første og anden ovale udsparing (33, 35) har et fælles krydsningsområde (37), og de to trin (41,43) er anbragt på krydsningsområdets (37) kant.Planar antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second oval recesses (33, 35) have a common crossing area (37) and the two steps (41, 43) are arranged on the edge of the crossing area (37). .

10. Planarantenne ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at en af de to udkoblingssonder (40) strækker sig over det højeste af de to trin (41, 43).Planar antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the two switch-off probes (40) extends over the highest of the two steps (41, 43).

11. Planarantenne ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at det nedre pladeelement (18) udgør bunden (39) af åbningerne (32).Planar antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower plate element (18) constitutes the bottom (39) of the openings (32).

12. Planarantenne ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at pladeelementerne (14, 16, 18) på deres sider (74, 56; 58, 88), der vender mod hinanden, har parvise notstrukturer (76, 78; 84, 86), der fungerer sammen, hvor notstrukturerne (76, 78), der er anbragt på undersiden (74) af det øvre pladeelement (14) og på oversiden (56) af det mellemste pladeelement (16), udgør et øvre kanalsystem (80), hvori den øvre ledebanestruktur (22) strækker sig med afstand til kanalvæggene (82), og hvor notstrukturerne (84, 86), der er anbragt på undersiden (58) af det mellemste pladeelement (16) og på oversiden (88) af det nedre pladeelement (18), udgør et nedre kanalsystem (90), hvori den nedre ledebanestruktur (26) strækker sig med afstand til ka- naivæggene (91).Planar antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate elements (14, 16, 18) on their sides (74, 56; 58, 88) facing each other have paired groove structures (76, 78; 84). 86) operating together where the groove structures (76, 78) disposed on the underside (74) of the upper plate element (14) and on the upper side (56) of the middle plate element (16) constitute an upper duct system (80 ), wherein the upper guide structure (22) extends at a distance from the channel walls (82) and wherein the groove structures (84, 86) disposed on the underside (58) of the middle plate element (16) and on the upper side (88) of the lower plate element (18) constitutes a lower duct system (90) in which the lower conductor structure (26) extends at a distance from the channel walls (91).

13. Planarantenne ifølge krav 12, kendetegnet ved, at det øvre og/eller nedre kanalsystem (80, 90) er fyldt med gas eller et dielektrisk fast materiale eller er evakueret.Planar antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that the upper and / or lower duct system (80, 90) is filled with gas or a dielectric solid or is evacuated.

14. Planarantenne ifølge krav 12 eller 13, kendetegnet ved, at det øvre og/eller nedre isoleringselement (20, 24) er udformet som fleksibel kunststoffolie.Planar antenna according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the upper and / or lower insulating element (20, 24) is formed as flexible plastic film.

15. Planarantenne ifølge et af kravene 12 til 14, kendetegnet ved, at der på oversiden og/eller undersiden af det øvre isoleringselement (20) og på oversiden og/eller undersiden af det nedre isoleringselement (24) er anbragt en ledebanestruktur (22, 26).Planar antenna according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that a conductor path structure (22, 22) is arranged on the upper and / or underside of the upper insulation element (20) and on the upper and / or underside of the lower insulation element (24). 26).

16. Planarantenne ifølge et af kravene 12 til 15, kendetegnet ved, at pladestrukturen (12) er selvbærende.Planar antenna according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the plate structure (12) is self-supporting.

17. Planarantenne ifølge et af kravene 12 til 16, kendetegnet ved, at mindst et pladeelement (14, 16, 18) er fremstillet af et metalliseret kunststofmateriale eller et elektrisk ledende kunststofmateriale.Planar antenna according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that at least one plate element (14, 16, 18) is made of a metallized plastic material or an electrically conductive plastic material.

18. Planarantenne ifølge et af kravene 12 til 17, kendetegnet ved, at de to kanalsystemer (80, 90) er udformet identisk, hvor det nedre kanalsystem (90) er anbragt roteret omkring pladestrukturens (12) fladenormal i forhold til det øvre kanalsystem (80).Planar antenna according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the two duct systems (80, 90) are designed identically, wherein the lower duct system (90) is arranged rotated about the surface normal of the plate structure (12) relative to the upper duct system ( 80).

19. Planarantenne ifølge krav 18, kendetegnet ved, at det nedre kanalsystem (90) er roteret med en vinkel på 90° omkring pladestrukturens (12) fladenormal i forhold til det øvre kanalsystem (80).Planar antenna according to claim 18, characterized in that the lower duct system (90) is rotated at an angle of 90 ° about the surface normal of the plate structure (12) relative to the upper duct system (80).