DK1966554T3 - Apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation - Google Patents

Apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation Download PDF

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Publication number
DK1966554T3
DK1966554T3 DK06842175.9T DK06842175T DK1966554T3 DK 1966554 T3 DK1966554 T3 DK 1966554T3 DK 06842175 T DK06842175 T DK 06842175T DK 1966554 T3 DK1966554 T3 DK 1966554T3
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DK
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Prior art keywords
section
column
exchanger
conduit
line
Prior art date
Application number
DK06842175.9T
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Danish (da)
Inventor
Benoit Davidian
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Air Liquide
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Publication of DK1966554T3 publication Critical patent/DK1966554T3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/007—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger combined with mass exchange, i.e. in a so-called dephlegmator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

DESCRIPTION
This invention relates to an air separating device by means of cryogenic distillation, in particular for producing nitrogen, in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 and known from document US-6351969-B1 A nitrogen generator described in US-A-5899093 comprises an exchange line wherein the air to be distilled is cooled, a distillation column wherein the air is separated into a nitrogen-rich flow at the head of the column and into an oxygen-enriched flow at the bottom of the column. In order to provide the reflux, a portion of the nitrogen-rich flow is delivered to a reboiler-condenser where it is condensed by exchanging heat with the oxygen-enriched flow. Alternatively the nitrogen can be condensed in a dephlegmator. The rich liquid partially vaporised in the dephlegmator is delivered to a phase separator and the liquid formed in the separator again flows to the dephlegmator. This invention aims to suppress the bath reboiler-condenser, which imposes constraints in terms of: • investment cost, in particular to provide a recirculation of liquid • concentration of impurities (CnHm, N2O, CO2, etc.) • liquid purge • level maintaining • level measurement
According to an object of the invention, a device according to claim 1 is provided.
According to optional objects: - the device comprises means of trickling and/or expanding air or rich vaporised liquid; - the supply line for delivery of the compressed purified and cooled air from the exchange line to the distillation column is connected to the cold end of the heat exchange section; - the device comprises means for redistributing the passages between the heat exchange section and the rectifying section; - the exchange line is made of copper or of aluminium and/or the distillation column is made of stainless steel; - the exchange line and the distillation column are made of aluminium; - the exchange line is a plate exchanger with brazed fins.
The invention proposes to integrate the "vaporisation-condensation" function into the main exchanger by using the coldest portion of the exchanger as a dephlegmator so as to condense the nitrogen therein. The invention is interesting in that it features the following advantages: • There is a "natural" purge of the rich liquid, which is not very concentrated by vaporisation (just like a device fitted with a pump). • As there is no longer any need to purge the deconcentration liquid, this makes it possible: o to suppress the equipment that is associated with it, including the stone pit (or purge boot) required due to a regular purge and including the equipment that makes it possible to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the purge, o a gain in cooling power (for a trickle device, the consumption of liquid nitrogen is highly reduced, which leads to a reduction in operating costs), o to reduce the operational monitoring of this purge, which is critical in terms of safety. • Suppression of the level measurement, of the heating clamps of the sensing lines, of any bubblers and of the level gauge and reduction of the operational monitoring of this measurement, which is critical in terms of safety. • Suppression of the recirculation pot.
The extra cost on the exchanger is marginal, and even zero if a portion of the gain in the cooling power in a slightly less efficient exchange line (and therefore not as large) is converted.
The cold box is higher, but much smaller because the exchanger is above the column, which results in a substantial gain.
The invention shall be described in further detail and with reference to the figure, which shows an air separating device according to the invention. A flow of compressed air 1 is purified in a purification unit (not shown) and delivered to the hot end of an exchange line 3. The exchange line comprises a conventional heat exchange section 3A and a rectifying section 3B. The two sections are contiguous and the exchange line is a plate exchanger with brazed fins.
The air 1 is cooled in the exchange line until the cold end of the section 3A, and then exits from the exchange line to be delivered at the bottom of a simple distillation column 7. The column 7 contains structured packings or plates 9.
The air is separated into an oxygen-enriched flow 11 and a nitrogen-enriched flow. The flow enriched in oxygen 11 is withdrawn in liquid form from the column 7 and delivered to the cold end of the section 3B. The nitrogen-enriched gas directly exits from the head of the column in the passages of the section 3B. Preferably the exchange line 3 has the same width as the head of the column 7 and is welded to the ferrule of the column (by a round-square or round-rectangular adaptor part).
The frigories required for the distillation are supplied by trickling of liquid nitrogen 13, coming from storage in a known manner described in EP-A-0452177. Alternatively or additionally a turbine of air 5 or of rich vaporised liquid can be provided.
The section 3B comprises two passages of nitrogen for one passage of rich liquid. The rich liquid is vaporised entirely in this section 3B of the exchange line 3 in such a way that it is transformed entirely into gas 15.
The nitrogen is partially condensed: the condensed portion falls by gravity in the column to serve as reflux, the exchange line 3 being installed above the column via direct welding. The remainder of the gaseous nitrogen 17 continues to ascend through the entire exchange line 3.
The section 3A of the exchange line is composed of the conventional main exchange line. The gaseous nitrogen 17 and the rich vaporised liquid 15 are heated facing the incoming air 1.
In order to optimise the exchange line 3, at the interface between the two sections, the double nitrogen passages of the rectifying section 3B can be reassigned between the nitrogen to be heated and the air to be cooled of the section 3A. This can be carried out by input/output of fluid (distribution box), or, preferably, by internal redistribution (use of bars and perforated separating sheets).
The exchange line 3 is preferably made of copper or of aluminium and the column 7 will be made of stainless steel. If the exchange line is made of aluminium and the column made of stainless steel, a mixed junction or junctions between the two must be provided. Otherwise the exchange line 3 and the column 7 can be made of aluminium.

Claims (6)

1. Apparat til separation af luft ved kryogen destillation med henblik på fremstilling af nitrogen, omfattende: a) en vekslerledning (3), der er en pladeveksler med loddede ribber, b) en simpel destillationskolonne (7), som indeholder plader og/eller strukturerede beklædninger, c) en ledning (1) til levering af komprimeret og renset luft til vekslerledningen, d) en ledning for tilførsel af komprimeret, renset og afkølet luft fra vekslerledningen til destillationskolonnen, e) en ledning (11) til bortsugning af en væske, der er beriget med ilt, fra kolonnen, og sende den til vekslerledningen, og hvorved vekslerledningen omfatter to sammenhængende afsnit, der er et rektificeringsafsnit (3B) og et varmevekslerafsnit (3A); hvorved rektificeringsafsnittet er forbundet til kolonnen og til ledningen for væske, som er beriget med ilt, og hvorved varmevekslerafsnittet er forbundet til luftledningen og rektificeringsafsnittet, hvorved vekslerledningen (3) er beliggende oven over destillationskolonnen (7), kendetegnet ved, at rektificeringsafsnittet (3B) er fastgjort til kolonnens (7) hoved, og kolonnen samt rektificeringsafsnittet er arrangeret således, at den med nitrogen berigede gas udtræder direkte fra kolonnens hoved i denne sektions passager.An apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation for the production of nitrogen, comprising: a) an exchanger line (3) which is a brazed rib plate exchanger, b) a simple distillation column (7) containing plates and / or (c) a conduit (1) for supplying compressed and purified air to the exchanger conduit; (d) a conduit for supplying compressed, purified and cooled air from the exchanger conduit to the distillation column; e) a conduit (11) for suction of a liquid. oxygen-enriched from the column and sending it to the exchanger line, whereby the exchanger line comprises two contiguous sections, being a rectification section (3B) and a heat exchanger section (3A); whereby the rectifier section is connected to the column and to the conduit for oxygen-enriched liquid, whereby the heat exchanger section is connected to the overhead line and rectification section, whereby the exchanger line (3) is located above the distillation column (7), characterized in that the rectification section (3) is attached to the head of the column (7) and the column and the rectification section are arranged so that the nitrogen-enriched gas exits directly from the head of the column in the passages of this section. 2. Apparat ifølge krav 1, omfattende midler til pibling (13) og/eller afspænding af luft (5) eller af fordampningsberiget væske.Apparatus according to claim 1, comprising means for bubbling (13) and / or relaxing of air (5) or of evaporation-enriched liquid. 3. Apparat ifølge krav 1 eller 2, hvorved ledningen for levering af komprimeret, renset og afkølet luft fra vekslerledningen til destillationskolonnen er forbundet til varmevekslerafsnittets (3A) kolde ende.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conduit for supplying compressed, purified and cooled air from the exchanger line to the distillation column is connected to the cold end of the heat exchanger section (3A). 4. Apparat ifølge et af de foregående krav, omfattende midler til omfordeling af passagerne mellem varmevekslerafsnittet og rektificeringsafsnittet.Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, comprising means for redistributing the passages between the heat exchanger section and the rectification section. 5. Apparat ifølge et af de foregående krav, hvorved vekslerledningen (3) er fremstillet af kobber eller af aluminium, og/eller destillationskolonnen (7) er af rustfrit stål.Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the exchange line (3) is made of copper or aluminum and / or the distillation column (7) is of stainless steel. 6. Apparat ifølge et af de foregående krav, hvorved vekslerledningen (3) og destillationskolonnen (7) er af aluminium.Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the exchange line (3) and the distillation column (7) are of aluminum.
DK06842175.9T 2005-12-20 2006-12-15 Apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation DK1966554T3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0553971A FR2895069B1 (en) 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 APPARATUS FOR AIR SEPARATION BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
PCT/FR2006/051366 WO2007074276A2 (en) 2005-12-20 2006-12-15 Air separating device by means of cryogenic distillation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK1966554T3 true DK1966554T3 (en) 2018-10-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK06842175.9T DK1966554T3 (en) 2005-12-20 2006-12-15 Apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20080271481A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1966554B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5074416B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101341370B (en)
DK (1) DK1966554T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2689041T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2895069B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1966554T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007074276A2 (en)

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EP2026025A1 (en) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for producing high pressure nitrogen by cryogenic separation of air in a single column
FR2929384A1 (en) * 2008-03-27 2009-10-02 Air Liquide Air separating apparatus, has distillation column comprising head condenser with dephlegmator whose horizontal section covers seventy percentage of section of column, and extracting unit extracting nitrogen enriched product in column head
WO2009063146A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-05-22 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat exchanger and cryogenic-distillation-based air separation device including one such exchanger
FR2973486B1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2013-05-03 Air Liquide AIR SEPARATION METHOD BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
WO2020150988A1 (en) * 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and apparatus for supplying a backup gas under pressure

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101341370A (en) 2009-01-07
US20080271481A1 (en) 2008-11-06
JP5074416B2 (en) 2012-11-14
WO2007074276A2 (en) 2007-07-05
JP2009520176A (en) 2009-05-21
FR2895069A1 (en) 2007-06-22
PL1966554T3 (en) 2018-11-30
CN101341370B (en) 2011-09-14
EP1966554A2 (en) 2008-09-10
EP1966554B1 (en) 2018-08-15
ES2689041T3 (en) 2018-11-08
WO2007074276A3 (en) 2007-09-13
FR2895069B1 (en) 2014-01-31

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