DK178523B1 - Broiler transport container - Google Patents
Broiler transport container Download PDFInfo
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- DK178523B1 DK178523B1 DKPA201470060A DKPA201470060A DK178523B1 DK 178523 B1 DK178523 B1 DK 178523B1 DK PA201470060 A DKPA201470060 A DK PA201470060A DK PA201470060 A DKPA201470060 A DK PA201470060A DK 178523 B1 DK178523 B1 DK 178523B1
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Abstract
A broiler transport container has a floor and side walls defining an inner volume to accommodate at least five live broilers during transportation to a slaughterhouse. The broiler transport container has a floor loading capacity of at least 45 kg/m2. At least one ventilation column extends into the inner volume and has at least one ventilation opening located in the inner volume at a distance of at least 0.17 m from the side walls.
Description
The present invention relates to a broiler transport container having a floor and side walls defining an inner volume to accommodate at least five live broilers during transportation to a slaughterhouse, which broiler transport container has a floor loading capacity of at least 45 kg/m2.
Broiler transport containers of this type are known for example from GB 2 129 672 A and EP 0 867 113 A2 and have found very widespread use in the transportation of poultry from farms to slaughterhouses.
Broilers are slaughter-ready chickens or hens or turkeys grown to be ready for being slaughtered for meat to consumers, and they have a fully developed feathering and a considerable weight of at least 1.6 kg per broiler.
For sufficiently efficient broiler transportation it is significant that the broiler transport container has a floor with a floor loading capacity of at least 45 kg/m2.
An overview of current practices is given by the European Food Safety Authority in the scientific report Overview on current practices of poultry slaughtering and poultry meat inspection", by Dr Ulrich Lohren, Supporting Publications 2012: EN-298. In the report the transport containers are called crates, and they are to be distinguished from liners, which are cages fixed on the truck, and container systems, which are transport units having several floors in a fixed frame, as described in for example EP 0 384 530 A1. According to the report 30% of current (year 2012) broiler transport takes place in the broiler transport containers relevant to the present invention, and 70% takes place in container systems.
As described in GB 2 129 672 A, broiler transport containers with solid floors have been required under European regulations, the purpose primarily being to prevent bird droppings from containers located high in a stack of containers from falling onto birds in containers below.
These regulations have, however, been abrogated since it proved virtually impossible to achieve sufficient ventilation of broiler transport containers with solid floors. Although the problem of bird droppings is very relevant, insufficient ventilation not only leads to an increased number of birds dying during the transport, but also leads to reduced meat quality due to increased stress levels in the live birds. The numbers of birds, which are dead on arrival (DOA) at the slaughterhouse, and the frequency of the so-called PSE meat (pale, soft, exudative meat), which is a sign of stress, are widely used parameters in the evaluation of transportation efficiency of broilers.
Openings in the broiler transport container floors on the other hand involve the risk of birds becoming stuck, particular during longer transports, where for example a toe projecting into an opening may swell, and thus lock the toe to the floor.
Even with broiler transport containers filled with openings both in the floor and in the sides, it has proven difficult to ascertain sufficient ventilation, especially during warm weather conditions, even if the transportation is carried out during night time or early morning hours. If a trailer or truck is not driving, such as when the truck transporting the broiler transport containers comes to a hold, for example in case of traffic jams, natural ventilation becomes less because the speed wind caused by driving disappears. In order to provide more reliable ventilation, trailers or trucks have been provided with mechanical ventilation by placing ventilators at the end of the vehicle and ventilate into an aisle or by placing ventilators in the side of the vehicle and ventilate across the vehicle. Despite these efforts, the percentage of meat downgraded due to stress-related imperfections, such as PSE, is still considerable, and the welfare of the broilers during transportation is a concern.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a broiler transport container, which allows broilers to be transported with less stress, both during transportation and also at standstill, thus improving both the broiler welfare and the resulting quality of the meat.
With a view to this the broiler transport container according to the present invention is characterized in that at least one ventilation column extends into the inner volume and has at least one ventilation opening located in the inner volume at a distance of at least 0.17 m from the side walls.
In connection with the present invention is has been realized that if the floor loading capacity is less than 45 kg/m2, then it is not possible to have at least 28 broilers per square metre, and that would leave room for broilers becoming upset during transportation because they can move around. Broil ers are flock animals and they feel comfortable when being rather close in a flock. This behaviour may be observed in the breeding area where the floor typically has a very large area. In the beginning when the birds are small, they tend to flock on a small area, and as they grow they take up a larger part of the floor area. When they have grown to broiler size ready for slaughtering, they typically fill the entire floor and have done so for some time. The transportation is a completely new experience to the broilers, and it is considered an advantage if they can be kept rather close together. The best would be if they could be so close that they may also support each other sideways when the trailer drives in curves. However, the more close they are standing, the more difficult it is to provide proper ventilation to broilers in the inner portions of the inner volume.
The provision of at least one ventilation opening inside the inner volume of the broiler transport container at a distance from the side walls provides ventilation to the broilers standing inside the inner volume behind at least one outer line of other broilers. In the prior art containers with many ventilation openings in the side walls and in the bottom, the ventilation to broilers inside the container is believed to be insufficient or not sufficiently effective under all transport conditions, and this is now believed to be caused by the fully developed feathering of the broilers.
The outermost line or row of broilers may during transportation block or hinder ventilation from outside into the broiler transport container through the side walls, and the ventilation rate passing up through the floor may also be insufficient because the feathering of the broilers presents a barrier for ventilation in the vertical direction inside the inner volume of the broiler transport container. In case the broilers are upset, such as while driving on a bumpy road, they may raise their wings and thus also block the headspace in the upper portion of the inner volume. The broiler transport container according to the present invention has at least one ventilation column extending into the inner volume, and this ventilation column improves to a considerable degree the ventilation conditions for broilers located inside the container surrounded by other broilers.
At least one ventilation opening is located in the inner volume with a distance of at least 0.17 cm between the opening and any of the side walls. The distance of at least 0.17 m ensures a ventilation opening inside the inner volume for delivering ventilation to broilers behind broilers placed along the side walls. If transporting turkey broilers is may be expedient to increase the distance of the at least one ventilation opening from the side walls. The length of the broiler transport container is in the range of 0.50 m to 1.30 m, and the width of the broiler transport container is in the range of 0.50 m to 1.30 m. Further ventilation openings inside the inner volume of the broiler transport container may be provided at larger distances from the side walls, in particular when the broiler transport container is sized to transport many broilers.
The at least one ventilation column extending into the inner volume and the at least one ventilation opening distanced from the side walls allows each broiler transport container to be ventilated from inside the container and out, which is in contrast to prior art broiler transport containers where ventilation is from the outside in through side walls and bottom. The ventilation from within the inner volume provides broilers standing inside the inner volume behind other broilers at the side walls with better ventilation, and the birds are better able to get rid of the heat developed while being in the transport container. The broilers thus have better conditions and minimize or avoid the extreme stress situations caused by overheating. The occurance of PSE meat in the resulting meat after slaughtering is expected to be very low.
In an embodiment, the broiler transport container has four side walls forming two pairs of opposed side walls, the at least one ventilation column extends from the floor and upwards into the inner volume, and the at least one ventilation column is preferably located in at least one row in between one pair of opposed side walls with a spacing of approximately D/(N+1), where D is the distance between said one pair of opposed side walls, and N is the number of ventilation columns in said at least one row, and preferably the at least one ventilation column is integral with the floor, such as being injection moulded together with the floor. By letting the ventilation column extend up from the floor, it can present the at least one ventilation opening at such a height within the inner volume and at the midst among the broilers that ventilation air is provided on a level above the breast level of the standing broilers, so that the necks of the broilers are free in fresh air. The feathering of some broilers thus do not block for air to nearby broilers. In this em-bodiemnt, the ventilation air is supplied in a reasonably even manner to the inner areas of the inner volume in the broiler transport container to the benefit of the welfare of the broilers. The embodiment with the spacing of approximately D/(N+1) is in particular advantageous with regards to symmetry, because the broiler transport container can be stacked with the one end or the other end facing the operator, and yet the at least one ventilation column will fit with a corresponding ventilation column in the lower broiler transport container, and it is a help to the operator that a broiler transport container cannot be oriented wrongly during the stacking, in particular because the final placement of an empty container may occur at the same time as a broiler delivery opening in a broiler loading apparatus shifts position to deliver broilers to the empty container.
The ventilation column further provides a division of the floor area, which may prevent a tendency of broilers in the container to all move towards one location, where some of them may be squeezed, and the distance between the side walls and the column ensures that broilers are still allowed to be placed in the area in between the column and the side walls, without being squeezed. The ventilation column thus also in this respect improve the welfare of the broilers.
The broiler transport container can also have a triangular footprint and three side walls, or polygonal footprint and five or more side walls.
Preferably, the shape and size of the at least one ventilation column should be chosen with due regard to maintaining a relatively large inner floor surface area available for the broilers. In an embodiment the at least one ventilation column has annular cross-section with a hollow center extending along the height of the column. Such a design provides regular surfaces, preferably without corners in the the column, which is an advantage to the cleaning after each transport of broilers.
The filling of broilers into the broiler transport container may take place very quickly, such as at a speed of 50 to over 200 broilers per minute, and the individual broiler may enter the broiler transport container at some speed. It is an advantage if the at least one column is shaped in a manner suitability for contact with broilers bumping into the column with some speed, since the risk of injuries, such as bruises and broken wings should preferably be minimized. If the ventilation column has an outer diameter in the range from 7 cm to 30 cm, such as in the range from 10 cm to 24 cm, preferably in the range from 12 cm to 21 cm the risk of the broiler being hurt will be low. If the diameter is well below 7 cm a wing may be subjected to too high a local load when the broilers arrive in the container with high speed. If the diameter is well above 30 cm too much floor area is consumed by the column. It is presently considered particularly advantageous that the column is both rounded, possibly even having a circular in cross-section, and has a diameter within the intervals given above.
In general, a larger surface area of the individual ventilation columns reduces the risks of injuries, but the shape of the columns and particularly the absence of sharp edges are also advatages. A large surface area (e.g. by a large diameter) of the individual column also provides better possibility to distribute the ventilation openings on the column over a larger portion of the inner volume and thus ensure a more even distribution of ventilation air to broilers present in the inner areas of the inner volume.
The size and shape of the individual ventilation openings may vary greatly, depending for example on the size and shape and the locations of the ventilation columns, but in a preferred embodiment the opening areas of the ventilation openings in the at least one ventilation column have a total area in the range of 0.5% to 10% of the area or the floor of the broiler transport container. These opening areas are for supply of ventilation air into the inner volume, and there may in addition be other ventilation openings for transporting air out of the inner volume. The opening areas need a certain size for providing a good distribution of air to all broilers held in the inner volume of the broiler transport container, and the opening area also influences the velocity of the air flowing through the ventilation openings for a given ventilation rate. If the total area is larger than said 10% the air velocity may become too low for the air to penetrate a sufficient distance from the opening into the inner volume. On the other hand, if the total area is less than said 0.5% the velocity of the air becomes so high that broilers standing close to the ventilation opening may be stressed by the inflow of air.
When the ventilation openings in the ventilation column have a total area in the range of 1.5% to 7% of the area or the floor it is possible to provide all broilers with a sufficient amount of ventilation air to keep them at a level of comfort that allows broilers to sleep without any heavy breathing for relief of heat, and at the same time the ventilation air velocities are within comfort levels.
When the ventilation openings in the ventilation column have a total area in the range of 2% to 4% of the area or the floor, the majority of broilers have excellent conditions and some of the broilers located at the largest distances from ventilation openings may have less optimum conditions, but yet conditions that are not expected to cause concern with respect to welfare and occurrence of PSE in the meat.
With respect to the area of the ventilation openings in the ventilation column it is noted that the opening are located within the inner volume of the broiler transport container, and the ventilation opening area is as such not comparable with ventilation opening areas for openings in the side wall or in the bottom of the container.
It is also noted that it is possible to apply either an overpressure to ventilate air into the inner volume via the ventilation openings, or an underpressure in the ventilation column to draw air out of the inner volume via the ventilation openings, but in any case the inner volume is ventilated from within the inner volume, and not only ventilated via air pressed in from outside the side walls or bottom of the broiler transport container. It is possible to have an overpressure in one ventilation column of a broiler transport container and an underpressure in another so that air flows from the one to the other via the inner volume, but when there is more than one column it may be ex pedient to have the same type of pressure in all columns and to provide ventilation openings in the side walls or floor of the container, so that air flows between the columns and these openings.
In order to further facilitate an even distribution of the ventilation air, in addition to at least one ventilation column located at a distance from the side walls, at least one side wall be may provided with at least one ventilation column part wall having ventilation openings. This is particularly advantageous in broiler transport containers having side walls with no or only a limited number of ventilation openings in them. Such ventilation column sections or localized ventilation openings in the side walls are suitable to control the flow of ventilation air outside the inner volumes of the broiler transport containers, and this may provide several advantages, such as controlled receipt of spent ventilation air, and partial recirculation thereof in order to obtain a sufficiently warm ventilation air mix when the ambient climate is cold. Another advantage is that the complete control of both inflow and outflow of ventilation air in channels defined by the ventilation columns and in the ventilation channels defined by the side walls allow the ventilation system to be largely independent of pressure variations along the length of the trailer or truck caused by driving the truck or trailer on the road and caused by variations in the driving speed due to road and traffic conditions.
When two broiler transport containers are arranged side by side with their side walls closely next to each other, such sections of ventilation columns in the side walls of the two containers may together form one joint ventilation column used in the ventilation of the containers.
In an embodiment at least one ventilation column extends from one side wall and into the inner volume in direction of another side wall in the broiler transport container. This can be usefull if the trailer is provided with ventilation devices in a side wall of the trailer so that the ventilation devices deliver ventilation air to the horizontally arranged ventilation columns in the broiler transport containers. With respect to providing ventilation to the inner volume in the container for obtaining ventilating inside out, it is perfectly possible to arrange the ventilation columns in the horizontal direction or mainly in the horizontal dirction, like they may be also arranged in the vertical direction or mainly in the vertical direction. The individual ventilation column may be provided with a series of ventilation openings along its length so as to provide a plurality of separate ventilation openings across the width of the inner volume of the container or with at least one elongate opening providing a uniform air flow along a section of the ventilation column length. The ventilation column may be arranged in connection with the floor of the broiler transport container, the floor possibly forming one wall section of the ventilation column. The ventilation column can also preferably be arranged at a distance above the floor, preferably at a height corresponding to the level of the necks of the broilers, or even at a larger height for allowing broilers to pass underneath the column, possibly by ducking their heads.
A further embodiment has both at least one mainly vertically extending ventilation column extending into the inner volume, and at least one mainly horizontally extending ventilation column extending into the inner volume.
In an embodiment, the at least one ventilation column has a substantially hollow distribution channel, preferably a hollow center, extending along the length of the column. The ventilation column may be internally divided into several distribution channels, such as providing the inside of the column with a center partition or with crossing partitioning walls dividing the volumen inside the column in for example four distribution channels, said center partition or mutually crossing partitioning walls extending along the length of the column. However, it is preferred that the ventilation column has a hollow center without internal subdivisions. The hollow distribution channel may have a substantially constant cross-sectional size and shape over it length, which will lead to a very energy efficient air flows, but sections of reduced size or tapering channels may on the other hand contribute to controlling the air flow. It is even possible to make the ventilation column from a soft material, so that it collapses when not in use and is inflated by the ventilation air flow when in use. An advantage of this is that the ventilation column is very soft when broilers are loaded into the container at high speed.
In an embodiment the at least one ventilation column extending from the floor and upwards has a height to join with a ventilation column in a further broiler transport container stacked on top of the broiler transport container. In this manner the ventilation columns in the individual broiler transport containers join to form common ventilation columns, and this provides a very simple design for forced ventilation, because forced ventilation only needs to be coupled to provide ventilation to the common ventilation column instead of being coupled to provide ventilation to the ventilation column in the individual broiler transport container.
In an embodiment at least two broiler transport containers in stacked configuration constitute a transport unit, where the at least one ventilation column extending from the floor and upwards in the individual broiler transport container join with at least one ventilation column in the other broiler transport containers in the transport unit to form at least one common ventilation column. This allows for a ventilation air flow to travel through several broiler transport containers arranged on top of each other, potentially allowing one ventilation unit to provide the air flow needed for ventilation of a common ventilation column or several common ventilation columns in all containers in a stack.
In another embodiment, ventilations columns in two transport units stacked upon one another form common ventilation columns, preferably via ventilation column sections in a supporting pallet, or by a ventilation device integrated in the pallet. In case the individual transport unit has lower height than the height available on the trailer, it may be possible to stack two or more transport units on top of one another, and in this case it is an advantage when the ventilation columns form common ventilation columns, because it becomes easier to arrange for and connect ventilation to the ventilation columns.
Preferably, when the transport units are loaded onto a transport vehicle carrying loaded transport units the ventilation column or columns in each unit stack is provided with forced ventilation. Because the ventilation is provided inside the inner volumes, by forced ventilation, the ventilation is independent of whether the transport vehicle is driving or not, and a very even ventilation rate can be obtained throughout all inner volumens, as the specific location of the transport unit on the vehicle (such as at the middle) has no real influence on the ventilation rates delivered to the inner volume.
In an embodiment the broiler transport container has a broiler barrier at the upper end of the at least one ventilation column. Such a broiler barrier may be shaped as a cross extending across the upwards facing end opening of the ventilation column, or at may be a rounded structure at the upper end of the ventilation column. The broiler barrier prevents broilers from getting into or stuck in the ventilation column upon being loaded into the broiler transport container. The loading may take place quickly, and typically while the upper end of the ventilation column is exposed to the surroundings because another broiler transport container has not yet been placed on top of the broiler transport container being loaded. In this situation with high loading speeds a broiler barrier is preferable in order to avoid pauses in loading due to a misplaced broiler.
With the broiler transport containers according to the present invention, the at least one ventilation column provides ventilation from inside the inner volume and out, and by providing the container with as many ventilation columns as needed to maintain high broiler welfare during transportation, the broiler transport container can be made in different sizes. With a focus to handling it is preferred that the length of the broiler transport container is in one of the ranges a) 0.50 m to 0.70 m, b) 0.70 m to 0.90 m, and c) 1.10 m to 1.30 m, preferably about 1.2 m, and that the width of the broiler transport container is in one of the ranges a) 0.50 m to 0.70 m, b) 0.70 m to 0.90 m, and c) 1.10 m to 1.30 m, suitably about 1.2 m.
The design of the side walls and floor of the broiler transport container may also be used to influence how the ventilation air flows in the inner volume. One or more of the side walls, and also the floor may be completely closed, apart from local areas where an area of the side wall is made as part of a ventilation column in order to ventilate air out of the inner volume, or the side walls can be plate shaped and provided with ventilation openings, such as a single row of ventilation openings located in the upper half of the side wall. Provision of ventilation openings at the upper end of the side walls and/or ventilation columns may allow control of the air flow in the upper half of the container, where the broilers have their heads.
Broiler transport containers according to the invention may be made from any material, which is sufficiently strong and stable to allow the container to be filled with broilers and which is able to withstand thorough cleaning. It is presently preferred that the broiler transport container is made of plastic material, and preferably made by injection moulding. Suitable plastic materials include high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene, but it is also possible to make the containers from steel, stainless steel, aluminum, metals or composites, such as carbon fiber composites, and/or to provide them with reinforcing inlays of a different material than the rest of the container.
In the following examples of embodiments of the invention will described in further detail with reference to the schematic drawings, in which
Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a broiler transport container in a perspective view seen from above,
Fig. 2 illustrates a broiler transport unit built from broiler transport containers as in Fig. 1 seen in cross-section along the line XX-XX in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a broiler transport container in a perspective view seen from above,
Fig. 4 illustrates the broiler transport container in Fig. 3 seen a perspective view seen from below,
Fig. 5 corresponds to Fig. 4 but seen from a slightly different angle, Fig. 6 illustrates five containers of the type shown in Figs. 3 and 4 arranged in a stack on top of pallet,
Fig. 7 shows a cross-section along the line V-V in Fig. 6,
Fig. 8 shows a cross-section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 6,
Fig. 9 shows the pallet in Fig. 6 in a perspective view from above,
Fig. 10 illustrates another embodiment of a broiler transport container in a perspective view seen from above,
Fig. 11 illustrates the broiler transport container in Fig. 10 seen a perspective view seen from below,
Fig. 12 illustrates still another embodiment of a broiler transport container in a perspective view seen from above,
Fig. 13 illustrates the broiler transport container in Fig. 12 in a perspective view seen from below,
Fig. 14 illustrates yet another embodiment of a broiler transport container in a perspective, partially cut-away view seen from above and arranged closely against other broiler transport container of the same type in a two-by-two configuration,
Fig. 15 shows a perspective view of a ventilation column as in Fig. 14,
Fig. 16 illustrates yet another embodiment of a broiler transport containers in a perspective, partially cut-away view seen from above, where three such broiler transport containers are arranged on top of each other, where the stack is arranged on top of two pallets arranged closely next to each other, and where a cover is arranged on top of the uppermost broiler transport container to form a transport unit,
Fig. 17 shows a perspective view of the detail marked XV in Fig. 16,
Fig. 18 illustrates three transport units build as illustrated in Fig. 16 but each including ten broiler transport containers arranged on a truck trailer with a height adjustable roof with a ventilation arrangement,
Fig. 19 illustrates ventilation on a truck loaded with transport units each including four and five broiler transport containers of the type shown in Figs. 10 and 11,
Fig. 20 illustrates yet another embodiment of a broiler transport container having side doors,
Fig. 21 illustrates a still further embodiment of a broiler transport container in a perspective view seen from above,
Fig. 22 illustrates the broiler transport container in Fig. 21 seen a perspective view seen from below,
Fig. 23 illustrates a group of broiler transport container as in Figs. 21 and 20 seen a perspective view seen from above,
Fig. 24 illustrates a still further embodiment of a broiler transport con tainer in a perspective view seen from above, and
Fig. 25 illustrates three different cross-sectional shapes of floor of broiler transport containers.
An embodiment of a broiler transport container 1 according to the invention is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It comprises a substantially square floor 11 and four side walls 12, 13, which together delimit an inner volume sized to accommodate at least five live broilers (not shown). A ventilation column in the container can also be called a ventilation column section 14, because it becomes a section of a common ventilation column extending through a plurality of broiler transport containers, when they are stacked to form a unit or when they are loaded onto a transport trailer. The ventilation column section 14 extends from the floor 11 into the inner volume at the centre of the floor and a recess 19 is provided in one of the side walls. Each ventilation column section 14 and each recess 19 is provided with elongate ventilation openings 15 extending over almost the entire height of the column.
Ventilation column section 14 is arranged at a distance dj from one side wall 12 and a distance di_ from the other side walls 13. These distances dj, di_ are adapted for providing space for at least one chicken broiler in between each of the columns 14 and the respective side walls 12,13 and are therefore at least 0.17 m. This distance not only prevents broilers from getting squeezed, but also provides ventilation at an area of the inner volume.
The ventilation column section 14 in this embodiment has a height he, that corresponds to the height of the side walls 12, 13, and is cylindrical with a hollow 16 at the centre and a constant diameter dc, except for a small angled section 17 being provided at the joining area to the floor 11.
One side wall 13 is provided with a semi-circular recess 19 with a diameter dR, which is slightly larger than that of the column section 14, and this recess is also provided with ventilation openings 20. To ensure the stability of the broiler transport container 1, even when fully loaded with broilers, a beam 21 is spanning across the recess 19 in continuation of the plane of the side wall 13. This beam is also suitable for use as a grip when handling the container either by hand or automatically.
The column section 14 is adapted for serving as a ventilation column and the openings 15 as ventilation openings allowing ventilation air to be led via the hollow 16 in the column and through the ventilation openings into the inner volume of the broiler transport container. In this way it is possible to provide fresh air even to birds sitting at a distance from the side walls 12, 13, which have traditionally been provided with ventilation openings. The air supply may also be used for heating or cooling of the inner volume of the container.
Air ventilated through the ventilation openings 15 in the column section 14 may exit via the openings 20 in the recess 19 in the side wall and it will be understood that air may also be ventilated in the opposite direction from the openings 20 in the side wall to the ventilation column section if an underpressure is provided in the columns.
The rounded out surfaces and relatively large diameter of the columns 14 and recesses 19 help protect the broilers during transport and when they are loaded into the container. If a broiler hits the side of a column or recess there are no sharp edges, which might cause bruising, and the hollow may provide a certain shock-absorbing elasticity to the columns and recesses.
When broiler transport containers of this type are arranged on top of each other in a broiler transport unit as shown in Fig. 2, the column sections 14 form a common ventilation column 16 extending vertically through all the units and the recesses 19 form a common ventilation column extending along on of the outer side walls.
In addition to strengthening the structure the angled section 17 allows the upper edge of the column section 14 of a lower broiler transport container to project slightly into the corresponding column section 14 of an upper broiler transport, thus providing a relatively tight connection between the ventilation columns sections. It is, however, noted that there is no need for a direct contact between the upper ends of the respective ventilation column sections and the outer undersides of the floors of containers arranges above in order to achieve a good ventilation of the inner volumes. On the contrary, a gap between the column sections and the floor may contribute to the distribution of ventilation air because the gap may form an annular ventilation opening.
The broiler transport container in Figs. 1 and 2 has a length and a width of 120 cm, a height of 22.5 cm and a diameter of the ventilation columns 14 of 20 cm. The distance dj to the side walls without recesses is 50 cm and the distance di_ to the side wall opposite the side wall with the recess 19 is 30 cm.
Another embodiment of a broiler transport container according to the invention is shown in Figs. 3-5. This container corresponds closely to that in Figs. 1 and 2 except for being bigger and with a different configuration of the ventilation columns, and the same reference numbers as in Figs. 1 and 2 will therefore be used.
The container in Figs. 3-5 comprises a rectangular floor 11, two transverse side walls 12 and two longitudinal side walls 13. Three column sections 14 extend from the floor 11 up through the inner volume at a distance dj from the transverse side walls 12 and a distance di_ from the longitudinal side walls 13, said column sections being arranged on a row along the centre length axis L of the container and evenly spaced. Flaving more than one ventilation column section provides for better ventilation in the inner volume, and makes it possible to provide different pressures on the different column sections 14 so as to induce a flow of air from one column to another, thereby allowing ventilation even if the openings in the side walls are blocked or such openings are not provided at all.
The ventilation column sections 14 are embodied as the one in Figs. 1 and 2 and here the ventilation openings 15 have a total opening area corresponding to approximately 40% of the total surface area of the column, corresponding to approximately 9% of the area of the floor of the broiler transport container, but if a smaller opening area is wanted, the openings may be shorter and/or narrower. The lowermost area of the column may have an annular section without openings, like the column in the embodiment of Fig. 10.
At the upper end of each columns 14 a cross 18 is spanning the opening of the hollow 16. This cross will contribute to the stability of the column, but just as importantly, it will acts as a broiler barrier preventing broilers from entering the hollow of the column during loading of the broiler transport container.
Each of the longitudinal walls are provided with two recesses 19 forming column sections 36, and in this embodiment they correspond in size and shape to half a column 14, and the beams 21 are centred in relation to the height of the longitudinal side wall 13 in order to make it even better suited for use as a grip.
Fig. 6 shows five broiler transport containers 1 as the one shown in Figs. 3-5 stacked on top of each other on a pallet 2 to form a broiler transport unit 3, which will usually further include a cover in form of a net or a lid on top (not shown) of the upper container.
An operator 4, who has just filled the fourth broiler transport container from the bottom with broilers (not shown), has put a fifth empty container on top and is ready for loading broilers into it.
As it is also seen in Figs. 3-5 the upper edges of the side walls 12,13 have an angled section 22 projecting slightly inwards towards the inner volume of the container and a flange 23 projecting outwards away from the inner volume. These are adapted for engagement with an angled edge section 24 of the floor 11 when containers 1,1’ are stacked on top of each other as shown in Fig. 6, thus allowing the upper container T to rest on the lower container 1 without any part of them projecting over the planes of outer sides of the side walls 12,13 and substantially without limiting the opening of the inner volume as shown in Fig. 7, which is a cross-sectional view of the detail marked V-V in Fig. 6.
A cross-section through the transport unit 3 along the line VI-VI in Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 8. As may be seen, the column sections 14 of the five broiler transport containers 1,1’ are positioned in continuation of each other when the containers are stacked, so that they form common ventilation column 16 in form of a continuous cylindrical hollow channel through the transportation unit. By applying an air pressure on the channels 16 it is possible at the same time to ventilate all of the broiler transport containers 1,1’ in the transport unit.
Likewise, the recesses 19 in the side walls are located above each other, as is also seen in Fig. 6, so that semi-circular continuous hollow columns 36 are formed at the longitudinal side walls 13, which may contribute to a ventilation of the entire transport unit. If the transport unit is arranged close and aligned with another transport unit built from broiler transport containers of the same type, the recess columns 36 in these two transport units will be aligned and form one common ventilation column with a circular cross-section resembling that of the channel 16 formed by the ventilation columns. A similar effect may be achieved by arranging the transport unit with the longitudinal side wall 13 close to a wall or the like, thereby closing the recesses 19 and creating a semi-circular ventilation channel.
In this embodiment, the channel 16 formed by the columns 14 continues into the pallet 2, which is provided with a series of openings 27 on the same positions as the columns in the broiler transport containers as also shown in Fig. 9, but this need not be the case. The channels formed by the recesses 19 do not continue into the pallet, but may do so in other embodiments. Horizontal openings 28 in the pallet 2 are adapted for engagement with the arms of a fork-lift (not shown) used for handling the transport unit 3. These horizontal openings may be in communication with either of the channels 16, 19, though it is not the case in the embodiment shown in Figs. 6, 8 and 9.
The provision of pallets and/or covers and the engagement between containers described with reference to Fig. 7 also applies to the embodiment in Figs. 1 and 2.
Another embodiment of a broiler transport container 101 is shown in Figs. 10 and 11. Reference numbers corresponding to those used in Figs. 1-9 will be used but with 100 added and when nothing else is stated features having such corresponding reference numbers have the same function.
This broiler transport container 101 too has three ventilation column sections 114 arranged to project from the floor 111 and to form a ventilation column 116, but the container is of simpler design and the ventilation openings 115 are provided only at the upper edges of the column sections. These ventilation openings have a smaller total opening area than the ones shown in Figs. 1-9 and are located at level with the heads of the broilers.
The shape, size and position of the openings may vary greatly without having a considerable negative impact on the ventilation properties, so other issues such as the easiness of cleaning the container may be considered when deciding on a particular design.
The container in Figs. 10 and 11 has no recesses in the side walls. Instead it is provided with a series of openings 120 in the upper section of the longitudinal side walls 113. A flange 126 projecting away from the inner volume of the container serves as a distance keeper so that there will always be a ventilation passage along the outer side of the longitudinal side walls. This allows ventilation air to flow in a horizontal direction, and also allows vertical ventilation flow as the flanges are provided with openings 119.
The projecting flanges 126 may also be used as grips when handling the containers, and allow the container to be inserted in a frame system and used in a prior art transportation unit, if desired.
Still another embodiment of a broiler transport container 201 is shown in Figs. 12 and 13 and here too reference numbers corresponding to those used in Figs. 1-9 will be used but with 200 added and when nothing else is stated features having such corresponding reference numbers have the same function. It is, however, noted that the illustrations in Figs. 12 and 13 are highly schematic and that ventilation openings 215, 220 are shown only on one ventilation column section 214 and one recess 219 even though all three column sections 214 and all four recesses 219 have similar ventilation openings 215, 220.
This embodiment differs from that in Figs. 1-9 in that instead of the cross 18 the ventilation column sections 214 are provided with a dome 218 (shown only on the middle column). In addition to preventing broilers from coming into the ventilation columns 216, this dome 218 projects over the upper level of the side walls 212, 213, meaning that when containers of this type are stacked, the dome will be inserted in the hollow of the ventilation column above, thereby contributing to fixating the two containers in relation to each other and thus to the stability of the entire stack.
An even more schematic illustration of a yet another embodiment of a broiler transport 301 container is shown in Fig. 14 and here too reference numbers corresponding to those used in Figs. 1-9 will be used but with 300 added and when nothing else is stated features having such corresponding reference numbers have the same function. This embodiment differs from that in Figs. 1-9 in that the four recesses have been replaced by two semi-circular columns 336, so that the outer sides of the longitudinal side walls 313 are uninterrupted, and four corner columns 329 each with a quarter-circular cross-section. When such containers are arranged closely side-by-side as illustrated in Fig. 14 these columns 319, 329 come to be located adjacent each other and together form a circular column, which may be ventilated with one common ventilation device. In this embodiment, where the outer sides of the container are uninterrupted, these circular side columns 319, 329 are divided in independent semi-circular and quarter-circular sub-columns, but if wanting common columns with a uniform air pressure is also possible to provide openings in the side walls, either as in Figs. 1-9 or in the form of smaller openings resembling the illustrated ventilation openings.
The embodiment in Fig. 14 further differs in that there are only two ventilation column sections 314 each of which are embodied substantially as shown in Fig. 15. As may be seen, the ventilation openings 315 in these ventilation column sections are elongated but shorter than those in the embodiments in Figs. 1-9 and distributed in an even pattern over the ventilation column sections, thus providing a combination of the advantages described with reference to the previous embodiments. Another difference lies in the design of the upper section 337 of these column sections 314, which has a reduced diameter in relation to the rest of the column. This allows the upper section 337 to be inserted in the hollow at the bottom of a corresponding column section of another container as described with reference to the dome in Fig. 12, and when dimensioned appropriately the column sections may even snap- lock to each other.
Two still further embodiments of broiler transport containers 401,40T are shown in Fig. 16, where a container 401 with reinforcements is arranged on top of two pallets 402 and where two containers 401' of a relatively light construction are arranged on top thereof and covered with a lid 405 to form a transport unit 403. Here too reference numbers corresponding to those used in Figs. 1-9 will be used but with 400 added and when nothing else is stated features having such corresponding reference numbers have the same function.
Both of these embodiments of the container are provided with ventilation column sections 414 resembling that in Fig. 15 and with ventilation openings 420 along the upper edges of the side walls 412, 413. These features have the same functions as described above with reference to other embodiments and will therefore not be described in further detail here.
The use of two pallets 402 arranged adjacent to each other allows the use of smaller pallets and thus potentially the use of standard pallets and/or the same pallets both for smaller and larger versions of the broiler transport container. In this embodiment, the openings 428 in the pallets adapted for engagement with the arms of a fork-lift (not shown) are downwards open, which reduces the risk of them catching dirt and makes them easier to clean than the pallet in Fig. 9. Though not shown, these pallets too may be ventilation openings corresponding to those 27 shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
The lowermost broiler transport container 401 differs from those previously described in having reinforcement sections 430, 431 at the corners and at the middle of the longitudinal side walls 413. In this embodiment the reinforcing sections, which may be massive or with a hollow as indicated by the broken lines in Fig. 17, are made with rounded surfaces facing the inner volume of the container in order to facilitate cleaning and prevent damages to the broilers as described with reference to the columns above, but other shapes may also be employed. The reinforcing sections may also serve as a support for the container 401' arranged on top of the reinforced container 401.
Though the reinforcement is here shown only on the lowermost container 401 in the transport unit 403, it should be understood that such containers may be used higher in the stack, particularly if the stack includes more than three containers and/or if they are heavily loaded. Experiments have shown that the second lowest container in a stack will often be the one subjected to the highest loads since it carries the weight of all of the loaded containers above and does not have the surface support provided by the pallet(s) but only rests on the lowermost container.
As described above, the column sections 414 form a vertical ventilation column when arranged on top of each other and the lid 405 is here provided with an opening 439 in continuation of the ventilation column. This opening may be used for ventilating air into or out from the column. The opening may be provided with or brought into contact with valves, bellows or like devices (not shown) for interconnection with a ventilation device or a ventilation system on the transport trailer. It is to be understood that similar openings are provided above the other column sections 414.
The back end of a truck or trailer 6 loaded with transport units of the type shown in Fig. 16 but with ten containers in each stack is shown in Fig. 18. For the sake of simplicity the reference number used in Fig. 16 will be used here too even though the number of containers in the stacks is different and the reinforcement sections 430 have been left out.
Each transport unit 403 has a width corresponding to the width of the floor 61 of the truck or trailer so that it is only necessary to load one row of transport units, but it will be understood that it would also be possible to use broiler transport containers of a smaller size and then arrange them in two or more rows extending in the length direction of the floor.
The roof 62 of the truck or trailer is provided with a ventilation arrangement including four ventilators 63 each creating an overpressure on a ventilation pipe 64 extending along the length of the truck or trailer 6. Each ventilation pipe 64 branches off into a series of outlets 65 each provided directly above one of the ventilation columns 416 in the transport units 403. When the roof is lowered, the outlets come into engagement with the open- ings 439 in the lids, thus allowing air to flow from the ventilation pipes 64 into the ventilation columns 416 and from there into the inner volumes of the broiler transport containers as indicated by the arrows. In this manner each transport unit or each stack of units is provided with forced ventilation. A section of the transport unit 403 sitting on the outermost end of the truck or trailer has been cut away to present a view of the ventilation columns 416 inside and the flow of air.
The ends of the ventilation pipes 64 have here been provided with collars 66 allowing a tight fit against the lids 405.
Air may flow out from the broiler transport containers via the ventilation openings 420 in the side walls 412, 413 and it is also possible that the ventilation columns 416 formed by the ventilation column sections 414 continues through the pallets 402 so that air may escape via pallet openings 428, 438. Here ventilation openings are shown in all four sides of the containers, but it may be expedient to have them only in the longitudinal side walls. The truck or trailer floor may also be provided with ventilation openings (not shown).
Fig. 19 shows another method for ventilating transport units when arranged on a truck or trailer 106. Here the transport units 103, 103' are built from the type of broiler transport containers 101 shown in Figs. 10 and 11, and two layers of such transport units are arranged on top of each other on the floor 161. The transport units 103 in the lowermost layer each include five broiler transport containers, while the transport units 103' in the uppermost layer include four containers each. On the transport units in the second and third row from the driver's cabin the transverse side walls of the broiler transport containers have been removed to present a view to the inner volumes and ventilation columns 116. Openings in the lids and pallets allow the formation of common ventilation columns extending all the way from the roof 162 to the floor 161.
In this embodiment the roof 162 includes an inner volume 167 in which an overpressure or an underpressure can be created using a ventilation device 163 arranged over the driver's cabin. When an overpressure is created in the inner volume 167, air is forced into the ventilation columns as indicated by the arrows and from there into the inner volumes of the broiler transport containers 101 and out through the ventilation openings (not visible) in the side walls 113 into a ventilation passages 136 between the transport units. When openings 168 in the floor 161 of the trailer are left open, a constant circulation of air through the transportation units can be obtained. This circulation may be aided by the underpressure usually occurring on the underside of a truck when in motion. Ambient air may be ventilated directly to the inner volumes, or the air may be conditioned with regards to temperature and/or humidity in the ventilation system.
If the weather is very cold, there may be a need for heating the ventilation air to the transport units. This may be achieved by closing at least some of the openings 168 in the floor 161 using dampers 169, and potentially also the inlet from the ventilation device 163 using damper 170, and recirculating the air as indicated by the arrows on the third row of transport units. In this manner the body heat of the broilers is used for gradually heating the air, however, a certain amount of fresh air is typically admixed to ensure sufficient oxygen levels and to control the level of carbon dioxide. Recirculation will require an additional of ventilation device, which may for example be in the form of local fans 166 arranged on top of each ventilation column 116.
It is also possible to admix additives such as anaesthetics to the air in order to keep the broilers calm during transport. In one embodiment, this is achieved by including tanks with for example CO2 on the truck or trailer and add such gas to the air ventilated into the transport units via the ventilation columns, but it is also possible to collect exhaust gasses from the truck engine, sufficiently clean the exhaust gasses, such as by passing the gasses through filters and adsorption devices removing volatile organic compounds, NOx, SOx and possibly a filter with active carbon, and the add these cleaned gasses to the ventilation air to the transport units via the ventilation system. Stunning of the birds while still on the truck is also possible, but will require a very speedy unloading of the transport units in order to have the broilers slaughtered in time.
After stunning of the broilers, transport units have to be emptied rather quickly to prevent the hearts of the broilers to stop before they are slaughtered. To facilitate the emptying the broiler transport containers 401" may be provided with gates or doors 432 as shown in Fig. 20.
All of the embodiments described above rely on the use of broiler transport containers with ventilation columns extending from the floor, but it is also within the scope of the invention to use horizontal ventilation columns.
One example of a broiler transport container system with horizontal ventilation columns is shown in Figs. 21-23. Each broiler transport container 501 here includes two types of column sections 514a, 514b extending into the inner volume and each having a series of ventilation openings 515. One column section 514a is provided as a curved part of the floor 511, while the other 514b spans from one longitudinal outer side wall 513 to the other. Here ventilation openings are provided over the entire length of the column sections, but it would also be possible to have openings only at a centre section of one or both column sections and/or to have openings with a more elongated shape.
When such broiler transport containers are arranged in on top of each other in stacks and such stacks are arranged next to each other as shown in Fig. 23, the column sections 514a, 514b of neighbouring containers for common ventilation columns 516 extending horizontally through all units. If applying an overpressure on every other ventilation column 516 in a vertical direction, air will enter through the ventilation openings 515 in one column of each container and exit via openings in the other column. In this way even containers with no ventilation openings in the floor or side walls can be ventilated, but it is of course also possible to provide such openings in these containers.
A further embodiment of a broiler transport container 601 combining features from the embodiments in Figs. 1-9 and Fig. 21-22 is shown in Fig. 24. As may be seen this container includes a column section 614 extending from one outer end side wall 612 to the other and having ventilation openings 615. Here too the size, shape and distribution may be different, but if containers are arranged end-to-end, the column sections will form a common ventila- tion column 616 extending through them. Recesses 619 with openings 620 as described with reference to Figs. 1-9 are adapted for contributing the ventilation and will form vertical ventilation columns when containers are stacked on top of an next to each other. Accordingly, this embodiment of a broiler transport container enables the combination of horizontal and vertical ventilation columns.
In the above all broiler transport containers have been shown and described as having a plane floor 11 as shown in cross-section at the top of Fig. 25, but other shapes are also possible including having triangular or rounded thickenings as shown in the middle of Fig. 25 or using a trapezoidal sheet as shown at the bottom of Fig. 25. Common to all of these embodiments is that they are composed of planar, plate shaped sections so that the outer surfaces are easy to clean. Similar considerations apply to the outer side walls.
Ventilation equipment, such as fans or compressors, may be provided on an individual stack of broiler transport containers, such as by locating a ventilation device on top of the stack at an end opening of a common ventilation column made up of the ventilation columns in the individual broiler transport containers located above one another in the stack, or at the bottom of a such a stack, or such as by integrating a ventilation device in a pallet support. In such embodiments the ventilation device can follow the broiler transport unit stack and provide for ventilation thereof also when the transport vehicle or transport trailer is not present.
Details of the various embodiments may be combined into other embodiments within the scope of the patent claims.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (17)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201470060A DK178523B1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-02-05 | Broiler transport container |
| AU2015214966A AU2015214966A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
| DK18171003.9T DK3381275T3 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container as a component of a unit and an arrangement |
| PCT/EP2015/052398 WO2015118062A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
| EP15702503.2A EP3102028A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
| CN201580018662.4A CN106163271A (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | There is the broiler container designing especially as cell mesh and assembling for receiving and keep at least five quick chickens of base and sidewall, and transtainer device |
| US15/116,806 US10660314B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
| PL18171003.9T PL3381275T3 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler chicken container as a component of a unit and an assembly |
| BR112016017634A BR112016017634A2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | CONTAINER FOR BROILERS WITH A BASE AND SIDE WALLS, DESIGNED AND CONFIGURED TO RECEIVE AND ACCOMMODATE AT LEAST FIVE LIVE BROILERS, IN PARTICULAR AS PART OF A UNIT AND AN ARRANGEMENT FOR A TRANSPORT TRAILER |
| CA2938225A CA2938225A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit, and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
| KR1020167022986A KR20160111995A (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
| EP18171005.4A EP3381276A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler chicken container as a component of a unit and an assembly |
| JP2016550539A JP2017505132A (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container with base and side walls, designed and set up to receive and hold at least 5 live broilers, especially as part of a unit, and transport trailer equipment |
| EP18171003.9A EP3381275B1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler chicken container as a component of a unit and an assembly |
| ES18171003T ES2928589T3 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Broiler container as a component of a unit and an arrangement |
| US16/019,082 US10912284B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2018-06-26 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit, and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
| US16/019,149 US11166438B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2018-06-26 | Broiler container with a base and side walls, which is designed and set up for receiving and holding at least five living broilers, in particular as part of a unit, and an arrangement of a transport trailer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201470060A DK178523B1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-02-05 | Broiler transport container |
| DK201470060 | 2014-02-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK201470060A1 DK201470060A1 (en) | 2015-10-26 |
| DK178523B1 true DK178523B1 (en) | 2016-05-09 |
Family
ID=54330921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201470060A DK178523B1 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-02-05 | Broiler transport container |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DK (1) | DK178523B1 (en) |
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| US1451760A (en) * | 1923-04-17 | Safety chick box | ||
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| CN2344338Y (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 1999-10-20 | 北京市后桑园装订厂 | Spring chicken storage and transportation box |
| CN2871426Y (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-02-21 | 梁家灿 | Poultry transporting case |
| CN2887785Y (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-04-11 | 梁家灿 | Fowl transportation box |
| CN201856956U (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-06-08 | 嘉兴市正基电子有限公司 | Hollow venting plastic box |
| KR20120032717A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-06 | 이명규 | The crops storage box |
| US20120294988A1 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2012-11-22 | Geoffrey Neil Munro | Cooling a Foodstuff |
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- 2014-02-05 DK DKPA201470060A patent/DK178523B1/en active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1451760A (en) * | 1923-04-17 | Safety chick box | ||
| GB1327641A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1973-08-22 | Ashton Containers | Box for livestock |
| CN2344338Y (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 1999-10-20 | 北京市后桑园装订厂 | Spring chicken storage and transportation box |
| CN2871426Y (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-02-21 | 梁家灿 | Poultry transporting case |
| CN2887785Y (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-04-11 | 梁家灿 | Fowl transportation box |
| US20120294988A1 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2012-11-22 | Geoffrey Neil Munro | Cooling a Foodstuff |
| KR20120032717A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-06 | 이명규 | The crops storage box |
| CN201856956U (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-06-08 | 嘉兴市正基电子有限公司 | Hollow venting plastic box |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK201470060A1 (en) | 2015-10-26 |
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