DK177970B1 - Process for manufacturing a valve and valve - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing a valve and valve Download PDFInfo
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- DK177970B1 DK177970B1 DK201370503A DKPA201370503A DK177970B1 DK 177970 B1 DK177970 B1 DK 177970B1 DK 201370503 A DK201370503 A DK 201370503A DK PA201370503 A DKPA201370503 A DK PA201370503A DK 177970 B1 DK177970 B1 DK 177970B1
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- valve
- valve body
- central part
- shaping
- tubular
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/06—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of taps or cocks
- F16K27/067—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of taps or cocks with spherical plugs
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Housings (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
Der beskrives en ventil (1) samt en fremgangsmåde til formgivning af det nævnte ventilhus, som omfatter, at der tilvejebringes et emne (2') med rørformede ender (4), og på hvilken der er monteret et spindelstyr (9), og med en ventilspindel (8) monteret i spindelstyret (9), og et ventillegeme (5) samt et eller flere ventilsæder (7) monteret i ventilhusets centrale del (3). Ventilhusets centrale del (2) formgives forud for formgivningen af tilslutningsenderne, idet formgivningen af den centrale del omfatter reduktion af rørdiameteren på de rørformede endedele (4), fortrinsvis med ved plastisk deformation heraf, fortrinsvist med matricer og/eller dorne i et eller flere trin. Tilslutningsenderne (4) formgives herefter til deres endelige form, fortrinsvis ved plastisk deformation, fortrinsvist med matricer og/eller dorne i et eller flere trin. Det bliver herved muligt at fremstille et ventilhus (2) i ét stykke uden brug af skrue- eller flangesamlinger på ventilhuset og med mindst muligt brug af svejse- eller loddeprocesser.There is disclosed a valve (1) and a method for forming said valve housing, comprising providing a workpiece (2 ') with tubular ends (4) and on which a spindle guide (9) is mounted, and with a valve stem (8) mounted in the stem guide (9), and a valve body (5) and one or more valve seats (7) mounted in the central part (3) of the valve body. The central part (2) of the valve body is formed prior to the shaping of the connecting ends, the shaping of the central part comprising reduction of the tube diameter of the tubular end portions (4), preferably with plastic deformation thereof, preferably with dies and / or mandrels in one or more steps. . The connecting ends (4) are then shaped into their final shape, preferably by plastic deformation, preferably with dies and / or mandrels in one or more steps. This makes it possible to produce a valve housing (2) in one piece without the use of screw or flange joints on the valve housing and with the least possible use of welding or soldering processes.
Description
Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en ventil samt ventil Opfindelsens områdeMethod of manufacturing a valve and valve Field of the Invention
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangmåde til fremstilling af en ventil, hvor ventilen omfatter et ventilhus, med en central del og med to eller flere tilslutningsender, hvor de nævnte tilslutningsender strækker sig væk fra den centrale del, og hvor der indvendigt i den centrale del er arrangeret et ventillegeme, som er arrangeret i et ventilsæde.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a valve, wherein the valve comprises a valve body, having a central portion and having two or more connecting ends, said connecting ends extending away from the central portion and having the interior of the central portion being arranged a valve body which is arranged in a valve seat.
Opfindelsen angår tillige en ventil til regulering af et fluid, hvor ventilen omfatter et ventilhus, med en central del og med to eller flere tilslutningsender, hvor de nævnte tilslutningsender strækker sig væk fra den centrale del, hvor der indvendigt i den centrale del er arrangeret et ventillegeme, hvor ventillegemet er arrangeret i et ventilsæde og forbundet til en ventilspindel, hvor ventilspindlen er arrangeret i en spindelstuds på ventilhusetThe invention also relates to a valve for regulating a fluid, the valve comprising a valve body, having a central part and having two or more connecting ends, said connecting ends extending away from the central part, where an inside of the central part is arranged. valve body, wherein the valve body is arranged in a valve seat and connected to a valve spindle, wherein the valve spindle is arranged in a spindle nozzle on the valve body
Opfindelsens baggrundBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Det er almindeligt kendt at fremstille ventiler, eksempelvis kugleventiler, og dermed ventilhuse i flere dele for derefter at samle disse dele omkring et ventilsæde og et ventillegeme. Sådanne ventilhuse fremstilles typisk i messing eller i en anden kobberbaseret legering og samles typisk med modsvarende gevind i de respektive dele eller alternativt ved hjælp af bolte, f.eks. i flangesamlinger.It is generally known to manufacture valves, for example ball valves, and thus valve housings in several parts, to then assemble these parts around a valve seat and valve body. Such valve housings are typically manufactured in brass or in another copper-based alloy and are typically assembled with corresponding threads in the respective parts or alternatively by bolts, e.g. in flange assemblies.
Når der er tale om en kugleventil er ventillegemet, som navnet antyder kugleformet, og med en ydre størrelse, der er større end de forbindelsesåbninger, der er i ventilhuset. En sådan ventil har derfor et ventilhus med en indre geometri, hvori ventilsæde og ventillegemet placeres. Ventilhuset er typisk sammenføjet i nærheden af ventillegemet, idet denne kræver den største indvendige dimension. Sådanne ventiler er typisk fremstillet af støbte emner, der via maskinel bearbejdning bliver tildannet og formgivet til den ønskede geometri. Denne proces med formgivning er dog ret omkostningstung af flere årsager. Dels skal de enkelte emner støbes, og dels skal de håndteres og bearbejdes enkeltvis i et dertil egnet spåntagende bearbejdningscenter. Da de enkelte emner bearbejdes enkeltvis er denne proces tidskrævende, uagtet at der anvendes moderne og hurtige processer.In the case of a ball valve, the valve body, as the name implies, is spherical and has an outer size larger than the connection openings in the valve body. Such a valve therefore has a valve housing with an internal geometry in which the valve seat and the valve body are placed. The valve body is typically joined in the vicinity of the valve body, requiring the largest internal dimension. Such valves are typically made of molded workpieces which are formed and molded to the desired geometry via mechanical machining. However, this process of shaping is quite costly for several reasons. Partly, the individual workpieces must be molded, and partly they must be handled and processed individually in a suitable machining center. Since the individual items are processed individually, this process is time consuming, despite the fact that modern and fast processes are used.
Ud over at de støbte emner skal håndteres og bearbejdes forud for samling omkring et ventilsæde og et ventillegeme spiller materialeprisen også en stor rolle. Messing eller en anden egnet legering er dyr og koster markant mere end eksempelvis almindeligt svejsbart kulstofstål.In addition to the molded items being handled and processed prior to assembly around a valve seat and valve body, the material price also plays a major role. Brass or another suitable alloy is expensive and costs significantly more than, for example, ordinary weldable carbon steel.
US 3819150 A beskriver fremstilling af en kugleventil, ved, at ventilhuset formgives ved plastisk deformation af et rørformet emne omkring kuglen og ventilsæderne. Ventilsæderne holdes på plads mod indersiden af ventilhuset med en indre svejsning, som holder ventilsæderne i position i ventilhuset. Tilslutningsendeme svejses på ventilhusets centrale del efter formgivningen af ventilhusets centrale del eller holdes på plads med en rørformet muffe. Under formgivningen af ventilhuset er kuglen og ventilsæderne løst monteret i ventilhuset, hvilket kan føre til produktionsfejl, hvis en eller flere af de løse dele forskubbes under formgivningen af ventilhuset.US 3819150 A discloses the manufacture of a ball valve in that the valve body is formed by plastic deformation of a tubular member around the ball and the valve seats. The valve seats are held in place against the inside of the valve body with an internal weld which holds the valve seats in position in the valve body. The connection ends are welded to the central part of the valve body after shaping the central part of the valve body or held in place with a tubular sleeve. During the design of the valve body, the ball and valve seats are loosely mounted in the valve body, which can lead to production errors if one or more of the loose parts are displaced during the design of the valve body.
Der er derfor et udtrykt ønske om at kunne fremstille ventiler til eksempelvis varme-og kølesystemer, til drikkevand som til andre formål i stål, eksempelvis kulstofstål eller rustfast stål, der dels er billigere og som med moderne produktionsudstyr kan bearbejdes direkte fra et pladeemne eller et røremne, i en hurtigere og billigere proces end det er muligt at støbe og bearbejde støbte emner i messing.There is therefore an expressed desire to be able to manufacture valves for, for example, heating and cooling systems, for drinking water as for other purposes in steel, for example carbon steel or stainless steel, which are partly cheaper and which can be processed directly from a sheet metal or a modern production equipment. plumbing, in a faster and cheaper process than it is possible to cast and process cast brass items.
Desuden er der et stort ønske om helt at kunne undgå at have skruesamlinger eller boltede flangesamlinger i ventilhuset. Samtidigt er der et stort ønske om at undgå at skulle udføre svejseprocesser på en ventil, da sådanne processer medfører, at de respektive emner skal spændes op mindst én ekstra gang, og at selve svejseprocessen skal udføres, hvilket selvsagt er fordyrende for produktet.Furthermore, there is a great desire to be able to completely avoid having screw joints or bolted flange joints in the valve body. At the same time, there is a great desire to avoid having to perform welding processes on a valve, as such processes require the respective items to be tightened at least once and that the welding process itself must be performed, which is of course expensive for the product.
Opfindelsens formålThe object of the invention
Det er formålet med opfindelsen at angive en løsning på ovennævnte problemer, hvor et ventilhus fremstilles i et stykke uden samlinger, ud fra et emne med rørformede endedele, såsom en rørformet del, hvor der udføres et minimalt antal spåntagende og skærende arbejdsprocesser og at undgå svejseprocesser eller reducere disse mest muligt forud for montage af et ventilsæde og et ventillegeme, hvilken montage foretages forud for den endelige formgivning af selve ventilhuset.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a solution to the above-mentioned problems in which a valve body is manufactured in one piece without joints from a workpiece with tubular end parts, such as a tubular part, where a minimum number of cutting and cutting work processes are performed and to avoid welding processes. or reduce these as much as possible prior to mounting a valve seat and valve body, which assembly is done prior to final shaping of the valve body itself.
Beskrivelse af opfindelsenDescription of the Invention
Disse formål opnås ved opfindelsen ved en fremgangmåde til fremstilling af en ventil, som i det mindste omfatter, at der tilvejebringes et emne med rørformede ender, og på hvilken der er monteret et spindelstyr. En ventilspindel er monteret i spindelstyret, og et ventillegeme samt et eller flere ventilsæder monteret i emnets centrale del.. Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er speciel ved, at, hvert ventilsæde omfatter en fikseringsdel, og den centrale del af ventilhuset formgives forud for formgivningen af til-slutningsendeme, i det formgivningen af den centrale del omfatter reduktion af rørdiameteren på de rørformede endedele, og fortrinsvis under samtidig deformation af fikseringsdelen, for mekanisk fiksering af hvert ventilsæde. Herefter tilvejebringes tilslutningsendeme ved formgivning af endedelene af det rørformede emne.These objects are achieved by the invention by a method of producing a valve which comprises at least providing a workpiece with tubular ends and on which a spindle guide is mounted. A valve spindle is mounted in the spindle guide, and a valve body and one or more valve seats are mounted in the central part of the workpiece. The method according to the invention is special in that each valve seat comprises a fixing part and the central part of the valve housing is formed prior to the shaping of the valve body. the end ends, in that the shaping of the central portion comprises reducing the pipe diameter of the tubular end portions, and preferably during simultaneous deformation of the fixing portion, for mechanical fixation of each valve seat. Next, the connection ends are provided by shaping the end portions of the tubular blank.
Herved opnås det, at det bliver muligt at fremstille en ventil ved at formgive ventilhuset efter montering af dele i ventilhusets centrale del, herunder eksempelvis ventilsæde, ventillegemer og eventuelle pakninger, idet der kan fremstilles et ventilhus, der alene udgøres af et enkelt emne, der er dannet i ét stykke uden nogen former for sammenføjninger ved svejsning, boltning eller lignende sammenføjningsmetoder.Hereby it is achieved that it becomes possible to make a valve by shaping the valve body after mounting parts in the central part of the valve body, including, for example, valve seat, valve bodies and any gaskets, a valve housing which can only be made of a single item which can be manufactured. is formed in one piece without any kind of joints by welding, bolting or similar joining methods.
Da ventilhuset derfor kan fremstilles ud fra et rørstykke, er opfindelsen derfor særdeles velegnet, når der er tale om almindelige stopventiler og gennemstrømningsventiler. Opfindelsen kan med fordel også anvendes ved formgivning af andre typer af ventiler, f.eks. trevejsventiler eller lignende med mere end to tilslutningsender, hvor ventilsædet sidder i en central del, der har en større dimension og/eller en anden form end tilslutningsendeme, og hvor det derfor er fordelagtigt at placere ventillegeme, ventilsæde og eventuelle pakninger i den centrale del forud for formgivningen af tilslutningsenderne.Therefore, since the valve body can be manufactured from a pipe piece, the invention is particularly suitable in the case of ordinary stop valves and flow valves. Advantageously, the invention can also be used in shaping other types of valves, e.g. three-way valves or the like with more than two connecting ends, the valve seat being in a central portion having a larger dimension and / or other shape than the connecting ends, and where it is therefore advantageous to place the valve body, valve seat and any gaskets in the central portion prior to for the design of the connecting ends.
Formgivningen af den centrale del af ventilhuset og reduktionen af rørdiameteren på de rørformede endedele sker fortrinsvis ved plastisk deformation, såsom aksial deformation med matricer og/eller dome i et eller flere trin. Ved diameter reduktionerne kan der ligeledes anvendes radial deformation. Ligeledes sker formgivningen af til-slutningsendeme fortrinsvis også ved plastisk deformation af de rørformede endedele med matricer og/eller dome i et eller flere trin, herunder ved aksial eller radial deformation som beskrevet ovenfor. Herved bliver det muligt at tilpasse formen på ventilhusets centrale del og især tilslutningsendeme til den ønskede endelige form. Når der anvendes flere trin til formgivningen af tilslutningsendeme bliver det muligt at udforme samme type ventil med flere varianter af tilslutningsender, f.eks. press-fit eller flangeafslutninger ved at anvende et andet formgivnings værktøj, især dorne og/eller matricer, ved et enkelt eller eventuelt flere af de afsluttende formgivningstrin. Derved opnår man stor fleksibilitet i produktionen af ventilerne, idet der let kan omstilles fra en variant til en anden. Samtidigt kan antallet af formgivningsværktøjer, dvs. dorne og/eller matricer, reduceres, da en del af formgivning s værktøjerne kan anvendes til flere produktvarianter. Dette bidrager også til at reducere produktionsomkostningerne for ventilerne.The shaping of the central portion of the valve body and the reduction of the pipe diameter of the tubular end portions are preferably effected by plastic deformation, such as axial deformation with dies and / or dome in one or more steps. Radial deformation can also be used for the diameter reductions. Also, the shaping of the connection ends is preferably also effected by plastic deformation of the tubular end portions with matrices and / or dome in one or more steps, including axial or radial deformation as described above. This makes it possible to adapt the shape of the central part of the valve body and especially the connection ends to the desired final shape. When several steps are used to design the connection ends, it becomes possible to design the same type of valve with several variants of connection ends, e.g. press-fit or flange finishes by using another shaping tool, especially mandrels and / or dies, at a single or possibly several of the final shaping steps. This provides great flexibility in the production of the valves, since it is easy to switch from one variant to another. At the same time, the number of design tools, i.e. mandrels and / or matrices are reduced as part of the design tools can be used for several product variants. This also helps to reduce the production costs of the valves.
Desuden er metoden velegnet til formgivning af billigere materialer end messing og andre lignende kobberbaserede legeringer, der normalt anvendes ved formstøbte ventilhuse, idet formgivningen ved metoden gør det muligt, at der kan anvendes eksempelvis kulstofstål eller rustfast stål eller kobber til fremstilling af ventilhuset.In addition, the method is suitable for forming cheaper materials than brass and other similar copper-based alloys normally used in molded valve housings, the design of the method permitting, for example, carbon steel or stainless steel or copper to be used to manufacture the valve body.
Dermed er opfindelsen også velegnet til fremstilling af ventiler, som er særpræget ved, at det nævnte ventilhus er fremstillet af et emne med rørformede endedele, og at ventillegeme samt et eller flere ventilsæder er monteret i ventilhusets centrale del forud for formgivning af ventilhuset, idet den centrale del af ventilhuset og derefter tilslutningsenderne er formgivet ved plastisk deformation af de rørformede endedele, fortrinsvist med matricer og/eller dorne i et eller flere trin.Accordingly, the invention is also suitable for the manufacture of valves, which are characterized in that said valve housing is made of a workpiece with tubular end parts and that the valve body and one or more valve seats are mounted in the central part of the valve housing prior to forming the valve housing, the central portion of the valve body and then the connection ends are formed by plastic deformation of the tubular end portions, preferably with dies and / or mandrels in one or more steps.
Anvendelse af denne formgivning af ventilhuset gør det muligt at montere ventilsæder, ventillegemer og eventuelle pakninger i det halvfærdige ventilhus, og derefter formgive ventilhuset til sin endelige facon. For mange ventilers vedkommende, herunder især kugleventiler, er diameteren af tilslutningsendeme mindre end den centrale del af ventilhuset, hvor ventilsæde og ventillegeme er monteret. Desuden tillades det, at ventilhuset fremstilles med væsentligt reduceret vægtykkelse, hvilket yderligere bidrager til væsentligt reducerede produktionsomkostninger. Ventilen er således også velegnet til brug i forbindelse med andre tyndvæggede materialer, der for tiden vinder indpas i industrien og i stigende grad anvendes til såvel industrielle løsninger for rørsystemer som til VVS installationer i boligbyggeri. Der er utallige fordele ved tyndvæggede rør og fittings og samlemetoderne er meget enkle, hvorved tidskrævende og fordyrende arbejde med gevindskæring, svejsning eller lodning undgås.Using this design of the valve body allows valve seats, valve bodies and any gaskets to be mounted in the semi-finished valve body, and then to design the valve body in its final shape. For many valves, especially ball valves, the diameter of the connecting ends is smaller than the central portion of the valve body where the valve seat and valve body are mounted. In addition, the valve body is allowed to be manufactured with substantially reduced wall thickness, which further contributes to significantly reduced production costs. The valve is thus also suitable for use in connection with other thin-walled materials that are currently gaining ground in the industry and are increasingly being used for both industrial solutions for pipe systems and for plumbing installations in residential construction. There are countless advantages to thin-walled pipes and fittings and the assembly methods are very simple, avoiding time-consuming and costly work of thread cutting, welding or brazing.
En variant af fremgangsmåden og ventilen omfatter, at ventilhusets tilslutningsender efterfølgende udglødes og afkøles. Herved opnås en afspænding af ventilhusets vægmateriale i tilslutningsendeme, hvilket medfører, at materialets oprindelige egenskaber gendannes mht. korrosionsbestandighed., hvilket også medfører en lavere produktionspris på det færdige produkt. Temperaturen i metallet under udglødningen afhænger af, hvilken ståltype eller stållegering ventilhuset fremstilles af, men vil typisk ligge i området 800-1300°C, herunder fortrinsvis 900-1200 °C, og hemnder især 1000-1100 °C, idet udglødningen eksempelvis foretages ved ca. 1050 °C, når der anvendes syrefaste rustfri stållegeringer.A variant of the method and valve comprises that the connection ends of the valve housing are subsequently annealed and cooled. This results in a relaxation of the wall material of the valve body at the connection ends, which results in the original properties of the material being restored with respect to corrosion resistance, which also results in a lower production cost of the finished product. The temperature of the metal during annealing depends on the type of steel or steel alloy the valve body is made of, but will typically be in the range of 800-1300 ° C, including preferably 900-1200 ° C, and in particular inhibit 1000-1100 ° C, for example by annealing at ca. 1050 ° C when acid-resistant stainless steel alloys are used.
Det foretrækkes, at udglødningen og den efterfølgende afkøling sker under anvendelse af en beskyttende atmosfære, da eventuel oxidation af metallet som følge af tilstedeværelse af ilt under udglødningen og afspændingen undgås, når der anvendes en beskyttende atmosfære. Dermed opnås en længere levetid for ventilen, og desuden reduceres risikoen for, at ventilhuset ruster, f.eks. når det er monteret i et område med høj luftfugtighed. Den beskyttende atmosfære omfatter eksempelvis Argon (Ar), helium, (He), kvælstofgas (N2), eller en kombination af en eller flere af disse gasser. Beskyttelsesgassen kan eventuelt indeholde mindre mængder af andre gasser, hemnder f.eks. hydrogen. En velegnet beskyttelsesgas til mstfast stål er eksempelvis FORMIER™ gas, som er kvælstofbaseret og indeholder en mindre mængde brint, f.eks. i en mæng de på op til 5-10%. Hvis ventilhuset fremstilles af kobber er den inaktive gas fortrinsvis baseret på argon, nitrogen eller helium eller blandinger heraf.It is preferred that the annealing and subsequent cooling be done using a protective atmosphere, as any oxidation of the metal due to the presence of oxygen during annealing and relaxation is avoided when a protective atmosphere is used. This provides a longer service life for the valve, and also reduces the risk of the valve body rusting, e.g. when mounted in an area of high humidity. The protective atmosphere includes, for example, Argon (Ar), helium, (He), nitrogen gas (N2), or a combination of one or more of these gases. The protective gas may optionally contain smaller amounts of other gases, e.g. hydrogen. A suitable shielding gas for solid steel is, for example, FORMIER ™ gas, which is nitrogen-based and contains a smaller amount of hydrogen, e.g. in an amount of up to 5-10%. If the valve body is made of copper, the inert gas is preferably based on argon, nitrogen or helium or mixtures thereof.
I en variant af fremgangsmåden og ventilen bliver den centrale del af ventilhuset formgivet forud for formgivningen af tilslutningsenderne, i det formgivningen af den centrale del sker ved reduktion af rørdiameteren på de rørformede endedele. Herved opnås, det, at det bliver muligt at fremstille et ventilhus, hvor diameteren i tværsnittet i den centrale del omkring ventillegeme og ventilsæde er større end diameteren i tilslutningsenderne, eksempelvis ved fremstilling af en kugleventil, f.eks. såkaldt full-flow kugleventil, hvor diameteren i åbningen i kuglen svarer til diameteren i tilslutningsenderne og dermed også rørsystemets diameter. Dette nødvendiggør, at den centrale del af ventilhuset, hvor kugle samt ventilsæder er placeret, har en større diameter end til-slutningsendeme. Fremgangsmåden er således særdeles velegnet til fremstilling af kugleventiler.In a variant of the method and the valve, the central portion of the valve body is shaped prior to the shaping of the connection ends, in that the shaping of the central portion occurs by reducing the tubular diameter of the tubular end portions. Hereby it is achieved that it becomes possible to produce a valve housing in which the diameter in the cross-section of the central part around the valve body and valve seat is greater than the diameter at the connection ends, for example in the manufacture of a ball valve, e.g. so-called full-flow ball valve, in which the diameter of the opening in the ball corresponds to the diameter of the connecting ends and thus also the diameter of the pipe system. This necessitates that the central portion of the valve body where ball and valve seats are located has a larger diameter than the connection ends. Thus, the method is particularly well suited for producing ball valves.
I en variant af metoden, bliver ventilspindlen monteret samtidigt med, at spindelstyret fastgøres på emnet med de rørformede tilslutningsender, hvilket medfører færre samlinger på det endelige ventilhus, da spindelstyret kan udformes som en enhed, idet spindelstyret er udstyret med en endeflade, som holder ventilspindlen på plads i spindelstyret. Når gevindstudsen derefter fastgøres på den centrale del af emnet med de rørformede endedele, undgår man at udforme spindelstyret med et gevind eller en flangesamling til den endedel, der holder er ventilspindlen på plads i ventilhusets spindelstyr. Alternativt kan ventilspindlen monteres, efter at spindelstyret er monteret, idet enden af ventilstudsen derfor må omfatte et gevind- eller en flangesamling eller lignende til en endedel, som den eneste samling på ventilhuset.In a variant of the method, the valve spindle is mounted simultaneously with the spindle guide being fixed to the workpiece with the tubular connection ends, resulting in fewer joints on the final valve housing, since the spindle guide can be designed as a unit, the spindle guide being provided with an end surface holding the valve spindle. in place in the spindle guide. When the threaded spigot is then secured to the central portion of the workpiece with the tubular end portions, the spindle guide is not designed to be threaded or flanged to the end portion holding the valve spindle in place in the spindle guide of the valve body. Alternatively, the valve spindle may be mounted after the spindle guide is mounted, the end of the valve spigot therefore having to include a threaded or flanged joint or the like for an end portion, as the only assembly on the valve body.
T egningsbeskri velseCharacter description
Opfindelse vil i det følgende blive beskrevet under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser en ventil med et ventilhus, med tilslutningsender formgivet ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 viser et rørformet emne med et spindelstyr med ventilspindel monteret, fig. 3 viser et tværsnit af det rørformede emne i fig. 2, hvor ventillegemet er monteret,The invention will be described in the following with reference to the drawing, in which 1 shows a valve with a valve housing, with connecting ends designed in accordance with the invention; FIG. 2 shows a tubular blank with a spindle guide with valve spindle mounted; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular blank of FIG. 2, wherein the valve body is mounted,
Fig. 4 viser et tværsnit af det rørformede emne i fig. 2, hvor ventillegemet er monteret, og med indikation af påført klæber til brug ved positionering og/eller montering af ventilsæde, pakninger og/eller fastholdelsesringe for ventilsædet,FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular blank of FIG. 2, wherein the valve body is mounted and with indication of applied adhesive for use in positioning and / or fitting of valve seat, gaskets and / or retaining rings for the valve seat,
Fig. 5 viser et tværsnit af det rørformede emne i fig. 2, hvor ventilsæde, pakninger og eventuelle fastholdelsesringe for ventilsædet er monteret, fig. 6-8 viser tildannelse af husets centrale del med øget diameter i forhold til endele-lene, fig. 9-11 viser et eksempel på formgivning af tilslutningsendeme, I beskrivelsen af figurerne vil identiske eller tilsvarende elementer blive betegnet med de samme henvisningsbetegnelser i de forskellige figurer. Der vil således ikke blive givet en forklaring af alle detaljer i forbindelse med hver enkelt figur/udførelsesform.FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular blank of FIG. 2, where valve seat, gaskets and any retaining rings for the valve seat are mounted; FIG. 6-8 shows the formation of the central portion of the housing with increased diameter relative to the end members; 9-11 show an example of shaping the connection ends. In the description of the figures, identical or similar elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals in the different figures. Thus, no explanation of all details will be given in connection with each figure / embodiment.
Detaljeret beskrivelse af opfindelsen I fig. 1 ses en ventil 1 med et ventilhus 2, hvor ventilhuset 2 har en central del 3 og mindst to tilslutningsender 4, idet det viste ventilhus 2 er udformet med to tilslutningsender 4. Opfindelsen er ikke begrænset til brug ved gennemstrømningsventiler, herunder kugleventiler, men kan også anvendes ved eksempelvis stopventiler, trevejsventiler og andre gængse typer ventiler, idet opfindelsen i det følgende dog vil blive illustreret ved fremstilling af en kugleventil. Opfindelsen er således særdeles velegnet ved fremstilling af kugleventiler.Detailed Description of the Invention In FIG. 1, a valve 1 is shown with a valve housing 2, the valve housing 2 having a central part 3 and at least two connection ends 4, the valve housing 2 shown being formed with two connecting ends 4. The invention is not limited to use in flow valves, including ball valves, but can also used for, for example, stop valves, three-way valves and other common types of valves, however, the invention will be illustrated in the following in the manufacture of a ball valve. Thus, the invention is particularly well suited for the manufacture of ball valves.
Tilslutningsenderne 4 på et færdigt ventilhus 2 er her vist med et design, der er indrettet som såkaldte press-fittings. Selve formen på tilslutningsendeme 4 er dog opfindelsen uvedkommende, men alene et eksempel på hvordan disse tilslutningsender 4 kan være udført. I den centrale del 3 er der arrangeret et ventillegeme 5, f.eks. med en gennemgående åbning 6, i et ventilsæde 7. Fra ventillegemet 5, der i viste ventil udgøres af en traditionel kugle, som det ses på fig. 3-8, som det kendes fra en mængde kugleventiler, strækker der sig en ventilspindel 8 op igennem et spindelstyr 9. Ved at dreje denne ventilspindel 8 om sin længdeakse kan ventillegemet føres mellem en åben position og en lukket position.The connection ends 4 of a finished valve housing 2 are shown here with a design arranged as so-called press fittings. However, the actual shape of the connection ends 4 is irrelevant to the invention, but merely an example of how these connection ends 4 can be designed. In the central part 3 a valve body 5, e.g. with a through opening 6, in a valve seat 7. From the valve body 5, which in the shown valve is constituted by a traditional ball, as seen in FIG. 3-8, as is known from a plurality of ball valves, a valve spindle 8 extends through a spindle guide 9. By rotating this valve spindle 8 about its longitudinal axis, the valve body can be guided between an open position and a closed position.
Ved fremstilling af ventilen 1 monteres spindelstyret 9 og ventilspindlen 8 fortrinsvis forud for formgivningen af selve ventilhuset 2. Dernæst monteres ventillegemet 5 og fastgøres til ventilspindlen 8, se fig. 3.In the manufacture of the valve 1, the stem guide 9 and the valve stem 8 are preferably mounted prior to the shaping of the valve body 2. Next, the valve body 5 is mounted and attached to the valve stem 8, see fig. Third
I den viste variant, se fig. 4-8, bliver ventilsæderne 7 eventuelt midlertidigt monteret med en klæber 10, se fig. 4. Hvert ventilsæde 7 omfatter en fikseringsdel 13, som vender væk fra ventillegemet 5.In the variant shown, see FIG. 4-8, the valve seats 7 are optionally temporarily mounted with an adhesive 10, see FIG. 4. Each valve seat 7 comprises a fixing member 13 facing away from the valve body 5.
Herefter bliver ventilsædeme 7 fikseret endeligt, fortrinsvis ved, at de to tilslutningsender 4 bliver deformeret til et mindre indvendigt tværsnit, som vist på fig. 6-8. Derved låses ventilsædeme 7 i deres position i forhold til såvel ventillegemet 5 som til ventilhuset 2. En sådan deformation kan omfatte, at der sker en fastlåsning af ventilsædet eller ventilsædeme 7 i en given position, idet ventilhuset 2 deformeres ved at radius reduceres i endedelene 4, men alternativt kan der også ske en deformation af såvel ventilhus 2 som af fikseringsdelen 13 på ventilsædet 7 for låsning af ventilsædets 7 position i ventilhuset 2.Thereafter, the valve seats 7 are finally fixed, preferably by the two connection ends 4 being deformed into a smaller internal cross-section, as shown in FIG. 6-8. Thereby, the valve seats 7 are locked in their position relative to both the valve body 5 and to the valve housing 2. Such deformation may include locking of the valve seat or valve seats 7 in a given position, the valve housing 2 being deformed by reducing the radius in the end portions 4 but alternatively, there may also be a deformation of valve housing 2 as well as of the fixing member 13 on valve seat 7 for locking the position of valve seat 7 in valve housing 2.
Formgivningen af ventilhusets centrale del 2 og tilslutningsenderne 4 sker fortrinsvis ved aksiel plastisk deformation i et eller flere trin, f.eks. to, tre, fire eller flere trin, under anvendelse af et eller flere formgivningsværktøjer, såsom dorne og/eller matricer. Figs. 5-8 viser et eksempel på mulig formgivning af den centrale del 2 af ventilhuset, hvor diameteren på endedelene 4 gradvist reduceres i forhold til diameteren på husets centrale del 2 under samtidig dannelse af den centrale del 2 af ventilhuset ved aksiel plastisk deformation med forskellige matricer og dorne i tre trin, se især figs. 6-8 til opnåelse af den endelige form på ventilhusets centrale del 2. Det er dog muligt at anvende færre trin, f.eks. et eller to, eller flere trin, f.eks. fire, fem eller flere under den aksiale deformation, idet formen på matricer og/eller dorne, der anvendes ved diameterreduktionen, tilpasses til det anvendte antal trin. Antallet af trin kan varieres efter behov, idet der tages højde for faktorer som godstykkelse på ventilhuset, den anvendte stållegerings materialegenskaber ved plastisk deformation samt størrelsen på den øn skede diameterreduktion af endedelene. Som det ses på figurerne 1 og 9-11 er diameteren af ventilhusets centrale del 2 større end tilslutningsendernes 4 diameter, som det almindeligvis er tilfældet ved konventionelle kugleventiler.The design of the central part 2 of the valve body and the connection ends 4 is preferably effected by axial plastic deformation in one or more steps, e.g. two, three, four or more steps, using one or more shaping tools such as mandrels and / or dies. Figs. 5-8 shows an example of possible shaping of the central portion 2 of the valve body, wherein the diameter of the end portions 4 is gradually reduced relative to the diameter of the central portion 2 of the housing while simultaneously forming the central portion 2 of the valve body by axial plastic deformation with different matrices. and thorns in three steps, see especially Figs. 6-8 to obtain the final shape of the central part of the valve body. However, it is possible to use fewer steps, e.g. one or two, or more steps, e.g. four, five or more during the axial deformation, the shape of the matrices and / or mandrels used in the diameter reduction being adapted to the number of steps used. The number of steps can be varied as needed, taking into account factors such as the thickness of the valve body, the material alloy material properties of plastic deformation and the size of the desired diameter reduction of the end portions. As seen in Figures 1 and 9-11, the diameter of the central portion 2 of the valve body is larger than the diameter of the connection ends 4, as is usually the case with conventional ball valves.
Herefter formgives tilslutningsendeme 4 til deres endelige facon. Figs. 9-11, viser et eksempel på mulig og ikke begrænsende formgivning af et ventilhus med ender af press-fit typen. Her formgives tilslutningsenderne 4 i mindst et trin, idet fig. 9 viser, at endedelenes diameter udvides med en eller flere dorne, herunder eventuelt med tilhørende matricer, til opnåelse af en let forøget diameter i den midterste del 4a og en yderligere øget diameter i den ydre del 4b af endedelene 4. Derefter formgives den ydre ende som vist i fig. 10-11, idet en matrice, samt en eventuelt tilhørende dom, først reducerer diameteren på den yderste ende 4c og en anden matrice og eventuelt tilhørende dom derefter tilvejebringer en endelig afmndet facon på den ydre del 4b af tilslutningsenden. Som alternativ til aksialdeformation kan der ved diameterreduktioner fordelagtigt anvendes radial deformation, hvor man med matricer klemmer omkring emnet for at reducere rørdiameteren.Then the connection ends 4 are shaped to their final shape. Figs. 9-11, shows an example of possible and non-limiting design of a valve housing with ends of the press-fit type. Here, the connection ends 4 are designed in at least one step, with fig. 9 shows that the diameter of the end portions is expanded by one or more mandrels, including optionally with associated matrices, to obtain a slightly increased diameter in the middle portion 4a and a further increased diameter in the outer portion 4b of the end portions 4. Thereafter, the outer end is shaped as shown in FIG. 10-11, wherein a die, as well as any associated judgment, first reduces the diameter of the outer end 4c and a second die and optionally associated judgment thereafter provides a final cut-off shape on the outer portion 4b of the connection end. As an alternative to axial deformation, radial deformation can advantageously be used, whereby matrices are clamped around the workpiece to reduce the pipe diameter.
Det er dog muligt at formgive tilslutningsenderne 4 på enhver anden ønsket måde, idet det er muligt at variere antallet af trin samt formen på matricerne og/eller dornene, der tilvejebringer den ønskede form på tilslutningsendeme 4. En anden form på tilslutningsenderne, f.eks. tilvejebringelse af en flangesamling ved tilslutningsendeme 4, vil kunne tilvejebringes ved at udforme formgivning s værktøj er, dvs. matricer og/eller dorne, til den aksiale og/eller radiale plastiske deformation, så der opnås en ønsket form på tilslutningsenderne 4. Formgivningen ifølge opfindelsen gør det muligt, at der kan anvendes eksempelvis kobber eller kulstofstål eller mstfast stål, hemnder syrefaste rustfri stållegeringer til fremstilling af ventilhuset, og at ventilhuset kan fremstilles i et stykke, så det er ikke længere nødvendigt at udforme ventilhuset med samlinger. Derved bliver det muligt at fremstille ventilhuset i tyndvæggede materialer, og fremstillingen af ventilen kan foregå i færre trin, og den samlede produktionspris pr. ventil kan reduceres.However, it is possible to design the connection ends 4 in any other desired manner, since it is possible to vary the number of steps as well as the shape of the matrices and / or mandrels which provide the desired shape on the connection ends 4. Another form on the connection ends, e.g. . providing a flange assembly at the connection ends 4 may be provided by shaping the molding tool, i. e. dies and / or mandrels, for the axial and / or radial plastic deformation, so as to obtain a desired shape on the connection ends 4. The design of the invention allows for the use of, for example, copper or carbon steel or durable steel, inhibiting acid-resistant stainless steel alloys to manufacture of the valve body and that the valve body can be manufactured in one piece, so that it is no longer necessary to design the valve body with joints. This makes it possible to manufacture the valve body in thin-walled materials, and the valve can be manufactured in fewer steps, and the total production price per valve can be reduced.
Efter formgivningen af ventilhusets 2 tilslutningsender 4 kan ventilhusets tilslutningsender 4 fortrinsvist afspændingsudglødes og efterfølgende afkøles. Herved opnås det, at udglødningen og den efterfølgende afkøling af metallet, især ståltyper, medfører, at materialets oprindelige egenskaber gendannes mht. korrosionsbestandighed.After forming the connection ends 4 of the valve body 2, the valve ends 4 of the valve housing can preferably be annealed and subsequently cooled. Hereby it is achieved that the annealing and subsequent cooling of the metal, especially steel types, causes the original properties of the material to be restored with respect to corrosion resistance.
Temperaturen i metallet under udglødningen afhænger af, hvilken ståltype eller stållegering ventilhuset fremstilles af, men vil typisk ligge i området 800-1300 °C, herunder fortrinsvis 900-1200 °C, og herunder især 1000-1100 °C, idet udglødningen eksempelvis foretages ved ca. 1050 °C, når der anvendes syrefast rustfrit stål,The temperature of the metal during annealing depends on the type of steel or steel alloy the valve body is made of, but will typically be in the range of 800-1300 ° C, including preferably 900-1200 ° C, and especially in particular 1000-1100 ° C, the annealing being carried out, for example, at ca. 1050 ° C when using acid-resistant stainless steel,
Udglødningen, formgivningen og den efterfølgende afkøling sker under en beskyttende atmosfære. Den beskyttende atmosfære omfatter eksempelvis Argon (Ar), helium, (He), kvælstofgas (N2) eller en kombination af en eller flere af disse gasser. Beskyttelsesgassen kan eventuelt indeholde mindre mængder af andre gasser, herunder f.eks. hydrogen. En velegnet beskyttelsesgas til rustfast stål er eksempelvis FORMIER™ gas, som er kvælstofbaseret og indeholder en mindre mængde brint, f.eks. i en mængde på op til 5-10%. Hvis ventilhuset fremstilles af kobber er den inaktive gas fortrinsvis baseret på argon, nitrogen eller helium eller blandinger heraf.The annealing, shaping and subsequent cooling takes place under a protective atmosphere. The protective atmosphere includes, for example, Argon (Ar), helium, (He), nitrogen gas (N2) or a combination of one or more of these gases. The protective gas may optionally contain smaller amounts of other gases, including e.g. hydrogen. A suitable protective gas for stainless steel is, for example, FORMIER ™ gas, which is nitrogen-based and contains a smaller amount of hydrogen, e.g. in an amount of up to 5-10%. If the valve body is made of copper, the inert gas is preferably based on argon, nitrogen or helium or mixtures thereof.
Formgivning af ventilhuset ifølge opfindelsen er særdeles velegnet til fuldautomatisk produktion. Automatiseringen af produktionen kan f.eks. ske under anvendelse af robotteknologi.Design of the valve housing according to the invention is particularly suitable for fully automatic production. The automation of production can e.g. happen using robotic technology.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK201370503A DK177970B1 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2013-09-09 | Process for manufacturing a valve and valve |
| PCT/DK2014/050180 WO2014202096A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-06-19 | Valve and method for making a valve |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DK201370335 | 2013-06-20 | ||
| DK201370335A DK177971B1 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2013-06-20 | Spring gasket for valve housing |
| DK201370503A DK177970B1 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2013-09-09 | Process for manufacturing a valve and valve |
| DK201370503 | 2013-09-09 |
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| DK201370503A1 DK201370503A1 (en) | 2015-01-12 |
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| WO (1) | WO2014202096A1 (en) |
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| CN107335973A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-10 | 重庆都英科技有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of two chambers plug |
| CN108500565A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-07 | 江西申暖通科技有限公司 | The manufacture craft of small-bore galvanized sheet thin wall tee |
| GB2607910A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-21 | Aalberts Integrated Piping Systems Ltd | Valve |
| CN113294577A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-08-24 | 北京北高阀门有限公司 | Two-way ball valve of cold-drawn integral valve body and preparation method thereof |
| CN113280170A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-08-20 | 北京北高阀门有限公司 | Built-in three-way integral ball valve and preparation method thereof |
| CN115302204B (en) * | 2022-08-20 | 2024-01-26 | 温州金榜洁具有限公司 | Manufacturing process of faucet switch |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3490734A (en) * | 1966-02-14 | 1970-01-20 | Rockwell Mfg Co | Ball valves |
| US3819150A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1974-06-25 | Saab Scania Ab | Ball plug valve |
| US4545564A (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-10-08 | Krosoczka Joseph D | Valve |
| US20030001125A1 (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2003-01-02 | Shigeo Kitazawa | Ball valve and production method therefor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58209485A (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-06 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Production of valve body for ball valve |
| US4546790A (en) * | 1983-04-07 | 1985-10-15 | Klinger Ag | Fluid valve |
| ATE27477T1 (en) * | 1983-04-19 | 1987-06-15 | Klinger Ag | FITTING THAT CAN BE INSTALLATED INTO A PIPE TRAIN. |
| JPH02229634A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-09-12 | Takasago Thermal Eng Co Ltd | Manufacture of valve |
| JP2838716B2 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1998-12-16 | 株式会社キッツ | Ball valve |
| JP2540394Y2 (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1997-07-02 | 高砂熱学工業 株式会社 | Rotary valve seal structure |
| US6425571B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-07-30 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Valve and method for forming valve |
-
2013
- 2013-09-09 DK DK201370503A patent/DK177970B1/en active
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- 2014-06-19 WO PCT/DK2014/050180 patent/WO2014202096A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3490734A (en) * | 1966-02-14 | 1970-01-20 | Rockwell Mfg Co | Ball valves |
| US3819150A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1974-06-25 | Saab Scania Ab | Ball plug valve |
| US4545564A (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-10-08 | Krosoczka Joseph D | Valve |
| US20030001125A1 (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2003-01-02 | Shigeo Kitazawa | Ball valve and production method therefor |
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| WO2014202096A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
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