DK175802B1 - Dehydrogenation and dehydro-cyclisation catalysts - based on zeolite doped with indium, tin, thallium or lead - Google Patents

Dehydrogenation and dehydro-cyclisation catalysts - based on zeolite doped with indium, tin, thallium or lead Download PDF

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DK175802B1
DK175802B1 DK198900332A DK33289A DK175802B1 DK 175802 B1 DK175802 B1 DK 175802B1 DK 198900332 A DK198900332 A DK 198900332A DK 33289 A DK33289 A DK 33289A DK 175802 B1 DK175802 B1 DK 175802B1
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zsm
catalyst
dehydrogenation
indium
hydrogen
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DK33289A (en
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Randall David Partridge
James Clarke Vartuli
Nai Yuen Chen
Ralph Moritz Dessau
Ernest William Valyocsik
Chaya Rao Venkat
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Mobil Oil Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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Abstract

New catalysts comprise a hydrogenation/dehydroqenation metal component (I) and a non-acidic crystalline microporous material (II) contg. a modifyinq metal (III) selected from In, Sn, Tl or Pb. Pref. (I) is a Gp. VIII metal, Cr or V, esp. Pt. (II) is a zeolite contgl less than 0.1 wt. % Al, esp. a ZSM-type or beta zeolite. The catalysts contain 0.1-20 wt. % (I) and 0.05-20 wt. % (III).

Description

DK 175802 B1DK 175802 B1

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en dehydrogenerings- og dehydrocycliser-ingskatalysator, en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf samt anvendelse af denne katalysator.The present invention relates to a dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization catalyst, a process for their preparation and the use of this catalyst.

„ 5 Dehydrogenering/dehydrocyklisation er en velkendt proces for eksempel til reformering af petroleum nafta fraktioner. Således beskriver US patent nr. 4 614 834 en reformeringskatalysator omfattende en ikke-surt stor-pore zeolit, en gruppe VIII metalforbindelse og en silica støttematrix frembragt ved high-pH gelatering af en alkalisk metalsilicasol. De stor-pore zeolitter, der er besk- 10 revet, er zeolit L, zeolit X, zeolit Y og mordenit, og katalysatoren kan eventuelt indeholde en række af katalysatormodificerende komponenter inklusiv rhenium, tin, cobolt, indium, gallium, bly, zink, uran, thallium, dysprosium og germanium."5 Dehydrogenation / dehydrocyclization is a well-known process, for example, for reforming petroleum naphtha fractions. Thus, US Patent No. 4,614,834 discloses a reforming catalyst comprising a non-acidic large-pore zeolite, a Group VIII metal compound and a silica support matrix produced by high-pH gelation of an alkaline metal silica sol. The large-pore zeolites described are zeolite L, zeolite X, zeolite Y and mordenite, and the catalyst may optionally contain a variety of catalyst modifying components including rhenium, tin, cobalt, indium, gallium, lead, zinc, uranium, thallium, dysprosium and germanium.

15 Det har nu vist sig, at ikke-surt ZSM-5 indeholdende et dehydrogener-ingsmetal og udvalgte metalregulatorer udviser høj selektivitet for dehydro-genering og/eller dehydrocyklisering af paraffiner sammen med nedsat selektivitet for hydrogenolyse (især methandannelse) og nedsat ældning selv ved fravær af hydrogen.It has now been found that non-acidic ZSM-5 containing a dehydrogenation metal and selected metal regulators exhibits high selectivity for dehydrogenation and / or dehydrocyclization of paraffins along with decreased selectivity for hydrogenolysis (especially methane formation) and decreased aging even at absence of hydrogen.

20 Således angår opfindelsen en katalysatorsammensætning omfattende et de-hydrogeneringsmetal samt ikke-surt ZSM-5 indeholdende indium, tin, thallium eller bly.Thus, the invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising a dehydrogenation metal and non-acidic ZSM-5 containing indium, tin, thallium or lead.

25 Mængden af dehydrogeneringsmetal i komponenten kan ligge i intervallet 0,01-30 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 0,1-10 vægt-% af katalysatoren. Ifølge en foretrukken udførelsesform, er hydrogenerings-/dehydrogeneringsmetallet platin, men det kan være enhvert metal fra Gruppe VIII herunder fra platingruppen (viz. platin, palladium, osmium, ruthenium, iridium og rhodium), 30 chrom og vanadium.The amount of dehydrogenation metal in the component may be in the range of 0.01-30% by weight, preferably 0.1-10% by weight of the catalyst. According to a preferred embodiment, the hydrogenation / dehydrogenation metal is platinum, but it can be any Group VIII metal, including from the platinum group (e.g. platinum, palladium, osmium, ruthenium, iridium and rhodium), chromium and vanadium.

DK 175802 B1 IDK 175802 B1 I

Katalysatoren ifølge opfindelsen indeholder også en metalregulator valgt IThe catalyst of the invention also contains a metal regulator selected I

blandt indium, tin, bly og tallium, der er til stede i en mængde i intervallet Iamong indium, tin, lead and thallium present in an amount in the range I

0,01 -20 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 0,1-10 vægt-% af katalysatoren. I0.01 - 20% by weight, preferably 0.1-10% by weight of the catalyst. IN

5 Fortrinsvis udgør i det mindste en del af regulatoren en del af netværket i det I5 Preferably, at least part of the controller forms part of the network of the I

krystallinske udgangsmateriale. Icrystalline starting material. IN

Det i katalysatoren ifølge opfindelsen anvendte ZSM-5 kan have et silica- IThe ZSM-5 used in the catalyst of the invention may have a silica I

alumina-molforhold på op til 1000 eller derover og indeholder fortrinsvis min- Halumina molar ratios of up to 1000 or more and preferably contain min-H

10 dre end 0,1 vægt-% aluminium. Zeoliten kan indeholde andre grundstoffer H10 0.1% by weight of aluminum. The zeolite may contain other elements H

end metalregulatorerne og de basiske strukturelle grundstoffer silicium alu- Hthan the metal regulators and the basic structural elements silicon alu- H

minium, f.eks. bor, jern, chrom og gallium af disse andre grundstoffer i zeolit- Hminium, e.g. boron, iron, chromium and gallium of these other elements in zeolite- H

ten ligger i intervallet 0-10 vægt-%. IThe range is in the range of 0-10% by weight. IN

15 Fortrinsvis er i det mindste noget af dehydrogeneringsmetallet intrazeolitisk, IPreferably, at least some of the dehydrogenation metal is intrazeolitic, I

d.v.s. noget metallet findes i porestrukturen af ZSM-5, skønt noget af metallet Hi.e. some of the metal is found in the pore structure of ZSM-5, although some of the metal is H

kan befinde sig på zeolittens overflade. I R.M. Dessau, J.. CATAL, Vol. 89, p.may be on the surface of the zeolite. In R.M. Dessau, J .. CATAL, Vol. 89, p.

520 (1984) beskrives en fremgangsmåde til bestemmelse af, hvorvidt f.eks. I520 (1984) discloses a method for determining whether e.g. IN

Pt er intrazeolitisk eller extrazeolitisk for så vidt angår ZSM-5. Fremgangs- IPt is intrazeolitic or extrazeolitic as far as ZSM-5 is concerned. Progress I

20 måden er baseret på den selektive hydrogenering af olefiner. IThe 20 method is based on the selective hydrogenation of olefins. IN

De heromhandlede katalysatorer omfattende dehydrogeneringsmetal i kom- IThe catalysts of this invention comprise dehydrogenation metal in the com

bination med et metalmodificeret ZSM-5 er ejendommelige ved fravær af Ibination with a metal modified ZSM-5 is peculiar in the absence of I

nævneværdig syreaktivitet. Disse katalysatorer opfylder således de af Davis Inotable acid activity. Thus, these catalysts meet those of Davis I.

25 and Venuto, J. CATAL. Vol. 15, p. 363 (1969) beskrevne kriterier for ikke- I25 and Venuto, J. CATAL. Vol. 15, p. 363 (1969), criteria for non-I

sure katalysatormaterialer. Der dannes således en ikke-ligevægts blanding af Hacid catalyst materials. Thus, a non-equilibrium mixture of H is formed

xylener fra enten n-oktan eller hver enkelt methylheptanisomer, hvor η- , Ixylenes from either n-octane or each methyl heptane isomer, where η-, I

oktanet for det meste giver o-xylen, og 2-methyl-heptanet for det meste giver Ithe octane mostly gives o-xylene and the 2-methyl heptane mostly gives I

m-xylen, ved 10-60% omdannelse. Ved en yderligere fremgangsmåde til af- Im-xylene, at 10-60% conversion. By a further method of depicting I

30 prøvning af de heromhandlede katalysatorsammensætningers ikke-sure I30 testing the non-acidic I of the catalyst compositions

karakter tilsættes 100 mg af katalysatoren til 30 ml destilleret deioniseret Icharacter, add 100 mg of the catalyst to 30 ml of distilled deionized I

vand (pH på 7), der holdes under en inert atmosfære (d.v.s C02-fri), f.eks. en Iwater (pH of 7) maintained under an inert atmosphere (i.e., CO2-free), e.g. and I

3 DK 175802 B1 argon atmosfære, hvorved vandet med den heromhandlede ikke-sure sammensætning vil have en pH-værdi på mindst 6, fortrinsvis større end 7.B1 argon atmosphere whereby the water of the present non-acidic composition will have a pH of at least 6, preferably greater than 7.

Når de heromhandlede katalysatorer anvendes til dehydrogenering af f.eks.When the catalysts in question are used for dehydrogenation of e.g.

5 paraffiner til aromater, nedbringer de hydrogenindholdet i udgangsmaterialet til fremstilling af et produkt med samme antal carbonatomer som udgangsmaterialet. Tilsvarende katalysatorer uden regulatorindhold katalyserer derimod som en væsentlig konkurrerende sidereaktionhydrogenolyse af f.eks. paraffiner til methan. Som følge heraf har sidstnævnte katalysatorer 10 nedsat selektivitet for aromatisering af paraffiner med forhøjet selektivitet for CrC5- paraffinfremstilling. Nogle af ovennævnte katalysatorer blev screenet for heptanaromatisering ved 538°C i nærvær af et nitrogenfortyndingsmiddel. Resultaterne fremgår af nedenstående Tabel A:5 paraffins for aromatics, they reduce the hydrogen content of the starting material to produce a product having the same number of carbon atoms as the starting material. Corresponding catalysts without a regulatory content, on the other hand, catalyze as a significant competitive side reaction hydrogenolysis of e.g. paraffins for methane. As a result, the latter catalysts 10 have decreased selectivity for aromatizing paraffins with increased selectivity for CrC5 paraffin production. Some of the above catalysts were screened for heptane aromatization at 538 ° C in the presence of a nitrogen diluent. The results are shown in Table A below:

15 Tabel ATable A

Paraffina romatiserinq over Pt/ZSM-5(a)Paraffin Rheumatism over Pt / ZSM-5 (a)

Regulator % Omdannelse Toluenselk. Benzenselek. CH4-selek.Regulator% Conversion Toluene Cell. Benzenselek. CH4 selectivity.

20 Sn . 99,3 95,0% 1,5% 0,4%20 Sn. 99.3 95.0% 1.5% 0.4%

In 98,2 92,7% 1,8% 0,5%In 98.2 92.7% 1.8% 0.5%

Pb 98,7 95,4% 1,1% 0,4% TI 99,6 85,7% 6,7% 1,7% iPb 98.7 95.4% 1.1% 0.4% TI 99.6 85.7% 6.7% 1.7% i

Ingen 96,3 40,9% 19,4% 9,3% 25 B 94,7 30,2% 32,8% 20,7%None 96.3 40.9% 19.4% 9.3% B B 94.7 30.2% 32.8% 20.7%

Cr 95,5 44,4% 20,4% 3,4%Cr 95.5 44.4% 20.4% 3.4%

Ti 96,1 31,8% 32,6% 19,7%Ti 96.1 31.8% 32.6% 19.7%

Sc 96,3 38,9% 40,6% 16,0%Sc 96.3 38.9% 40.6% 16.0%

Au 90,7 21,1% 45,1% 20,8% 30 Ni 94,3 42,4% 19,7% 7,2%Au 90.7 21.1% 45.1% 20.8% Ni Ni 94.3 42.4% 19.7% 7.2%

Ge 96,3 47,0% 19,9% 6,6%Give 96.3 47.0% 19.9% 6.6%

Zr (470°C) 96,8 49,0% 16,3% 7,9%Zr (470 ° C) 96.8 49.0% 16.3% 7.9%

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

| Reaktionerne summeret i tabel A blev udført ved 30 torr (4 kPa) π-heptan i N2 I| The reactions summarized in Table A were performed at 30 torr (4 kPa) π-heptane in N

i ved 538 °C og 1 atm (100 kPa) totaltryk, og selektiviteten er angivet på H2-fri Iat 538 ° C and 1 atm (100 kPa) total pressure, and the selectivity is indicated for H2-free I

vægtbasis. Iweight. IN

5 Den fra In-, Sn-, Pb- og Ti-modificeret ZSM-5 fremstillede ikke-sure plat- I5 The non-acidic plate I prepared from In-, Sn-, Pb- and Ti-modified ZSM-5

inkatalysator tilvejebragte meget højere selektivitet for aromater end alle de Icatalyst provided much higher selectivity for aromatics than all those I

andre undersøgte katalysatorer. Toluenselektiviteten fra heptan var over Iother investigated catalysts. The toluene selectivity from heptane was above 1

85%, ved 99% omdannelse(H2-fri carbonbasis). De øvrige katalysatorer, I85%, at 99% conversion (H2-free carbon base). The other catalysts, I

herunder Pt/B- ZSM-5 og Pt/høj silica:aluminaforhold ZSM-5, udviste hellerincluding Pt / B-ZSM-5 and Pt / high silica: alumina ratio ZSM-5, exhibited either

10 ingen nævneværdig syreaktivitet, således at platinkemien dominerede. Skønt I10 no appreciable acid activity, so that platinum chemistry predominated. Although I

der blev observeret væsentlig metalkatalyseret aromatisering med disse an- Isignificant metal-catalyzed aromatization was observed with these an-

dre katalysatorer udgjorde hydrogenolysen til methan imidlertid en væsentlig Ihowever, the catalysts for hydrogen methanol constituted a substantial I

konkurrerende sidereaktion. Den største observerede toulenselektivitet fra η- Icompeting side reaction. The highest observed tulle selectivity from η-I

heptan var mindre end 50%, og i de fleste tilfælde var selektiviteten betrag- Iheptane was less than 50% and in most cases the selectivity was considered

15 teligt lavere. I15 count lower. IN

De heromhandlede metalmodificerede krystallinske materialer kan fremstilles IThe metal-modified crystalline materials of this invention can be prepared

på forskellig vis, og for letheds skyld beskrives i det følgende fremstilling af Iin various ways, and for ease, is described in the following Preparation of I

indium-holdige materialer. Lignende teknikker kan imidlertid anvendes til Iindium-containing materials. However, similar techniques can be used for I

20 fremstilling af materialer indeholdende tin, bly og/eller thailium. I20 preparation of materials containing tin, lead and / or thailium. IN

Indium-inkorporeringen kan ske under eller efter syntesen, og materialerne IThe indium incorporation can take place during or after the synthesis, and the materials I

kan fremstilles enten ved trinvis eller simultan inkorporering af indium og hy- Ican be prepared either by incremental or simultaneous incorporation of indium and hy-I

drogenerings'/dehydrogeneringsfunktionen i krystallisationsreaktionsproduk- Ithe drug generation / dehydrogenation function in the crystallization reaction product

25 tet. Dehydrogeneringsfunktionen kan indføres først i synteseproduktet med I25. The dehydrogenation function can be introduced first into the synthesis product with I

efterfølgende indium-inkorporering eller vice versa. Trinvis fremstilling omfat- · Isubsequent indium incorporation or vice versa. Step-by-step preparation includes - I

ter samkrystallisations- (ved inkludering af en -indiumforbindelse i den an- Ico-crystallization (by inclusion of an indium compound in the other)

vendte synteseblanding til fremstilling af det krystallinske materiale), im- Iturned synthesis mixture to prepare the crystalline material), im- I

prægnerings-, eller ionbytningsteknikker. Simultan inkorporering omfatter Iembossing or ion exchange techniques. Simultaneous incorporation includes I

30 kombination af indium med dehydrogenerings-/dehydrogeneringsfunktionen I30 combination of indium with the dehydrogenation / dehydrogenation function I

under syntesen (d.v.s. krystallisation) eller simultant efter syntesen af det Iduring the synthesis (i.e., crystallization) or simultaneously after the synthesis of the I

krystallinske materiale.crystalline material.

5 DK 175802 B15 DK 175802 B1

Et indium-frit materiale kan behandles med indiumforbindelser ved forhøjede temperaturer. En sådan behandling kan udføres, således at kildematerialet for indium enten er i gasfase (såsom indiumchlorid) eller i flydende fase herunder den vandige fase (såsom indiumnitrat). Alternativt kan et indium-frit 5 krystallinsk materiale blot imprægneres med et kildemateriale for indium og ! derpå kalcineres ved temperaturer over 400 °C.An indium-free material can be treated with indium compounds at elevated temperatures. Such treatment can be carried out so that the source material for indium is either in the gas phase (such as indium chloride) or in the liquid phase including the aqueous phase (such as indium nitrate). Alternatively, an indium-free crystalline material can only be impregnated with an indium and a source material. then calcined at temperatures above 400 ° C.

1 1 ; i i I de her omhandlede.materialer er alle kation-udbyttelige steder besat med andre kationer end hydrogen og hydrogen-prækursorere, såsom NH4+. Mere 10 specifikt er disse steder besat med Na+, K+, Cs+, Ca+, Mg++, Ba++, Sr++ eller blandinger deraf, selvom visse steder selvfølgelig kan være besat af metal regulatoren eller hydrogenerings-/dehydrogeneringsmetallet. Alkalimetallerne tjener til neutralisering af enhver form for surhed, der skyldes strukturelt aluminium. Kildematerialet for alkalimetalkation kan stamme fra ka-15 tioner, der er inkorporeret under syntesen, udover dennes aluminiumindhold.1 1; In the present materials, all cation-exchangeable sites are occupied with cations other than hydrogen and hydrogen precursors, such as NH4 +. More specifically, these sites are occupied with Na +, K +, Cs +, Ca +, Mg ++, Ba ++, Sr ++ or mixtures thereof, although certain sites may, of course, be occupied by the metal regulator or hydrogenation / dehydrogenation metal. The alkali metals serve to neutralize any acidity caused by structural aluminum. The source material for alkali metal cation may be derived from cations incorporated during the synthesis, in addition to its aluminum content.

Alternativt kan slutproduktet behandles med en basisk opløsning af et alkali-metalhydroxid som det sidste trin før anvendelse, f.eks. som beskrevet i US patentskrift nr. 4,652,360.Alternatively, the final product may be treated with a basic solution of an alkali metal hydroxide as the last step before use, e.g. as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,652,360.

20 De her omhandlede metalregulatorer og dehydrogeneringsmetalholdige materialer kan kombineres med en matriks eller et bindemiddelmateriale for at gøre dem slidbestandige og mere modstandsdygtige overfor de betingelser, de vil blive udsat for under anvendelse i omdannelsesprocesser for carbon-hydrider. De kombinerede sammensætninger kan indeholde 1-99 vægt-% af 25 de her omhandlede materialer baseret på den samlede vægt af matriks (bindemiddel) og det her omhandlede materiale. Når det her omhandlede materiale anvendes til dehydrogenering og/eller dehydrocyklisering, er det fortrinsvis kombineret med en ikke-sur matriks eller bindemiddelmaterialer, i såsom oxider fra Gruppe IVA og IVB i det periodiske system, fortrinsvis silica.The present metal regulators and dehydrogenation metal-containing materials can be combined with a matrix or binder material to make them abrasion-resistant and more resistant to the conditions they will be exposed to when used in hydrocarbon conversion processes. The combined compositions may contain 1-99% by weight of the materials herein based on the total weight of the matrix (binder) and the material of the present invention. When the material of this invention is used for dehydrogenation and / or dehydrocyclization, it is preferably combined with a non-acidic matrix or binder materials, such as Group IVA and IVB oxides of the periodic system, preferably silica.

3030

Den her omhandlede katalysatorsammensætning er anvendelig til dehydrogenering af carbonhydrider med mindst 2 carbonatomer og især til dehydro- jThe present catalyst composition is useful for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons having at least 2 carbon atoms and especially for dehydrogenation.

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

ΜΜ

I 6 II 6 I

I cyelisering af aliphater indeholdende mindst 6 carbonatomer. I det følgende IIn the cyclization of aliphates containing at least 6 carbon atoms. In the following I

I beskrives eksempler på sådanne reaktioner. IExamples of such reactions are described. IN

Reforming IReforming I

I 5 II 5 I

I Katalytisk reforming er en velkendt proces, ved hvilken carbonhydrid- IIn catalytic reforming is a well-known process by which hydrocarbon I

I molekyler omlejres, eller reformes i nærvær af et kataiysatormateriale. Den IIn molecules, they are rearranged or reformed in the presence of a catalyst material. The I

I molekylære omlejring bevirker en forøgelse af udgangsmaterialets oktantal. IIn molecular rearrangement, an increase in the starting material octane results. IN

I Under reforming omdannes lav-oktan carbonhydrider med kogepunkt i IDuring reforming, low-octane hydrocarbons with boiling point are converted into I

10 benzinområdet til højoktan komponenter ved dehydrogenering af naphtener I10 the gas range for high octane components in the dehydrogenation of naphthenes I

og isomerisation, dehydrocyklisering og hydrokrakning af paraffiner. Iand isomerization, dehydrocyclization and hydrocracking of paraffins. IN

Når reforming sker over den her omhandlede katalysatorsammensætning, IWhen reforming over the catalyst composition in question, I

I omfatter de anvendte betingelser i almindelighed en temperatur i intervallet IIn, the conditions used generally comprise a temperature in the range I

I 15 427-595°C (800-1100 F), fortrinsvis 482-566°C (900-1050 F), tryk i intervallet IAt 427-595 ° C (800-1100 F), preferably 482-566 ° C (900-1050 F), pressure in the interval I

I 100-3550 kPa (1 atm. 500 psig), fortrinsvis 300-1825 kPa (130 psig - 250 IAt 100-3550 kPa (1 atm. 500 psig), preferably 300-1825 kPa (130 psig - 250 l

I psig), et hb/carbonhydrid-forhold ved indløbet på 20 eller derunder, endog IIn psig), a hb / hydrocarbon ratio at the inlet of 20 or less, even I

I som nævnt i eksemplerne 0 (som følge af hydrogenproduktion under reform- II as mentioned in Examples 0 (due to hydrogen production during reform- I

I ing er der et hydrogenpartialtryk i enheden), og en LHSV (rumbaseret has- IIn ing, there is a hydrogen partial pressure in the unit) and a LHSV (space-based hash-I

I 20 tighed for væskefasen pr. h.) i intervallet 0,1-20, fortrinsvis 0,1-10. IAt 20 t for the liquid phase per h.) in the range 0.1-20, preferably 0.1-10. IN

I Det med den her omhandlede katalysatorsammensætning reformede IIn the catalyst composition referred to herein, you reformed

I udgangsmateriale kan være ligeløbs termisk eller katalytisk krakket naphta, IIn starting material may be straight-line thermal or catalytically cracked naphtha, I

I bekvemt med et kogepunkt i intervallet 65-205°C (180-250 F), således at det IConveniently, with a boiling point in the range of 65-205 ° C (180-250 F) so that it is

I 25 indeholder nC6+paraffiner. Udgangsmaterialet er fortrinsvis en let naphtafrak- IIn 25, nC6 + contains paraffins. The starting material is preferably a light naphtha fraction

I tion, der koger ved 80-120°C (180-250 F), således at det indeholder nC6-C7 . IIation boiling at 80-120 ° C (180-250 F) to contain nC6-C7. IN

I paraffiner. På grund af konkurrerende isomerisations- og hydrokraknings- IIn paraffins. Due to competing isomerization and hydrocracking I

I reaktioner lader sådanne lette naphtafraktioner sig vanskeligt selektivt om- - IIn reactions, such light naphtha fractions are difficult to selectively select - I

I danne til aromater over gængse reforming-katalysatorer. Inden reforming kan ITo form aromatics over common reforming catalysts. Before reforming, you can

I 30 naphta-udgangsmaterialet på gængs vis hydrobehandles til nedsættelse af IThe 30 naphta starting material is commonly hydrotreated to reduce I

I indhoidet af forurenende svovl- og/eller nitrogen-bestanddele. IIn the contents of pollutant sulfur and / or nitrogen constituents. IN

7 DK 175802 B17 DK 175802 B1

Naphta-udgangsmaterialet kan endvidere tilsættes sammen med et ikke* hydrogen-fortyndingsmiddel, der er inert overfor aromatisering under reform-ing-betingelseme, og som derved reducerer hydrogen-partialtrykket i reform-ing-reaktoren. Egnede fortyndingsmidler inkluderer helium, nitrogen, car-5 bondioxid, og lette carbonhydrider til C5, såsom methan, ethan, propan, butan, pentan, ethylen, propylen, butener, pentener og blandinger deraf. Anvendelsen af C3-C5 carbonhydrider som samfødning er særligt ønskelig, da de let kan separeres fra det i aromatiseringsreaktionerne dannede hydrogen. Fortyndingsmidlet kan også være tilbageført fra en del af eller hele reformatet 10 med stort aromatindhold. Fortyndingsmidlet kan følgelig være aromatiske forbindelser. Fortyndingsmiddel/carbonhydridfødningsmolforholdet ligger i intervallet 1-20, idet de bedste resultater opnås i intervallet 2:1-10:1.Furthermore, the naphta starting material can be added together with a non-hydrogen diluent which is inert to aromatization under the reforming conditions, thereby reducing the hydrogen partial pressure in the reforming reactor. Suitable diluents include helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and light hydrocarbons for C5 such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, ethylene, propylene, butenes, pentenes and mixtures thereof. The use of C3-C5 hydrocarbons as co-feeding is particularly desirable as they can be easily separated from the hydrogen formed in the aromatization reactions. The diluent may also be recovered from part or all of the high aromatics reformate 10. Accordingly, the diluent may be aromatic compounds. The diluent / hydrocarbon feed molar ratio is in the range of 1-20, with the best results being obtained in the range of 2: 1-10: 1.

Post-reforming 15Post-Reformation 15

Reformater med et forsøgsoktantal i intervallet 50-90, fortrinsvis 70-90, og indeholdende betragtelige mængder Ce og C7 paraffiner, som de ved mange gængse reforming processer fremstillede, opgraderes bekvemt ved kontakt med den her omhandlede katalysator. En sådan post-reforming har vist sig at 20 forøge reformatets forsøgsoktantal og aromat-indhold. Der kan bekvemt anvendes de samme betingelser ved post-reforming som ved ovenfor nævnte i heromhandlede reforming-metode.Reformats having an experimental octane number in the range of 50-90, preferably 70-90, and containing considerable amounts of Ce and C7 paraffins, which were prepared by many common reforming processes, are conveniently upgraded by contact with the catalyst of the present invention. Such post-reforming has been shown to increase the reformat's experimental octane number and aromatics content. Conveniently, the same conditions can be used in post-reform as in the above-mentioned reforming method.

| Fremstilling af Benzen οα/eller toluen 25| Preparation of Benzene οα / or toluene 25

Katalysatorsammensætningen ifølge opfindelsen er anvendelig til omdannelse af normal hexan og/eller normal heptan til benzen og/eller toluen.The catalyst composition of the invention is useful for converting normal hexane and / or normal heptane to benzene and / or toluene.

De ved processen egnede betingelser er: 30The conditions suitable for the process are:

Temperatur WHSV (Cr-C7) Totaltrvk Bred 400-600°C 0,1-10,0 30-3450 kPa (30-3450 kPa)Temperature WHSV (Cr-C7) Total range Width 400-600 ° C 0.1-10.0 30-3450 kPa (30-3450 kPa)

Foretrukken 450-550°C 0,3-2,5 100-1030 kPa (100-1030 kPa) ____ ____ __:__Preferred 450-550 ° C 0.3-2.5 100-1030 kPa (100-1030 kPa) ____ ____ __: __

DK 175802 B1 IDK 175802 B1 I

n-hexan- og/eller n-heptan-udgangsmaterialet bør være i hovedsagen “iso- IThe n-hexane and / or n-heptane starting material should be substantially “iso-I

merfrit", d.v.s for n-hexan bør materialet være uden indhold af 2 og 3» Imercury, i.e. for n-hexane, the material should be free of 2 and 3 »I

methylpentan og 2,2 og 2,3-dimethylbutan. Udgangsmaterialet bør ligeledes i Imethyl pentane and 2,2 and 2,3-dimethylbutane. The starting material should also be in I

5 hovedsagen være uden indhold af cykliske forbindelser, såsom methylcy- . I5 is essentially free of cyclic compounds, such as methylcyclic. IN

clopentan, da tilstedeværelsen af væsentlige mængder af disse materialer Iclopentane, since the presence of significant amounts of these materials I

har vist sig at forøge katalysator-forældelsen. Ihas been shown to increase catalyst obsolescence. IN

I hovedsagen isomer-fri normal hexan eller normal heptan kan opnås fra en IEssentially isomer-free normal hexane or normal heptane can be obtained from an I

10 destillationsprøve af naturlig benzin., På tale som egnede fremgangsmåder til I10 Distillation Sample of Natural Gasoline., Speaking as Suitable Methods for I

separering af de normale paraffiner kommer superfraktionering, urinstofad- Iseparation of the normal paraffins comes super fractionation, urea-I

duktion og éngangsseparering med Type 5A molekylsigte. Den foretrukne Iduction and one-time separation with Type 5A molecular sieve. The preferred I

frmgangsmåde er molekylssigteseparering. Adskillige af disse processer an- Imethod is molecular sieve separation. Several of these processes apply

! vendes kommercielt til genindvinding af normale paraffiner fra refinery I! is used commercially for recovery of normal refinery I paraffins

15 streams. Under adsorptionstrinnet i en sådan separation indeholder effluen- I15 streams. During the adsorption step of such a separation, the effluen- I

ten isoparaffmer cykliske carbonhydrider. Normale paraffiner med stor ren- Iten isoparaffmer cyclic hydrocarbons. Normal paraffins with high purity

hed genindvindes ved desorption eller ved forskydning med lettere normale Iheat is recovered by desorption or by displacement with lighter normal I

paraffiner, såsom propan. I den her omhandlede opfindelse skal der være Iparaffins such as propane. In the present invention there should be:

højst 5 vægt-%, fortrinsvis højst 2,5 vægt-% isoparaffiner og cyckliske forbin- Iat most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2.5% by weight isoparaffins and cyclic compounds.

20 delser til stede i udgangsmaterialet. Normal hexan, heptan eller blandinger I20 forms present in the starting material. Normal hexane, heptane or mixtures I

deraf bør udgøre mindst 90 vægt-% af den totale mængde C5+ carbonhy- Ithereof should be at least 90% by weight of the total amount of C5 + hydrocarbon

drider i udgangsmaterialet, fortrinsvis 95 vægt-%. Idrying in the starting material, preferably 95% by weight. IN

De ved processen egnede betingelser er: IThe conditions suitable for the process are:

25 I25 I

Temperatur WHSV (Cr-C?) Totaltrvk ITemperature WHSV (Cr-C?) Total Trvk I

Bred 400-600°C 0,1-10,0 30-3450 kPa (30-3450 kPa) IWide 400-600 ° C 0.1-10.0 30-3450 kPa (30-3450 kPa) I

Foretrukken 450-550°C 0,3-2,5 100-1030 kPa (100-1030 kPa) ' IPreferred 450-550 ° C 0.3-2.5 100-1030 kPa (100-1030 kPa) I

30 n-hexan- og/eller n-heptan-udgangsmaterialet bør være i hovedsagen “iso- i IThe n-hexane and / or n-heptane starting material should be substantially "iso-

mer-frit”, dvs. for n-hexan bør materialet være uden indhold af 2 og 3- ! Imore-free ', ie for n-hexane the material should be free of 2 and 3! IN

methylpentan og 2,2 og 2,3-dimethylbutan. Udgangsmaterialet bør ligeledes i ' Imethyl pentane and 2,2 and 2,3-dimethylbutane. The starting material should also be in I

• hovedsagen være uden indhold af cykliske forbindelser, såsom methylcyclo- IThe substance is essentially free of cyclic compounds such as methylcyclo-I

HH

9 DK 175802 B1 pentan, da tilstedeværelsen af væsentlige mængder af disse materialer har vist sig at forøge katalysator-forældelsen.9 pentane, since the presence of substantial amounts of these materials has been shown to increase catalyst obsolescence.

I hovedsagen isomer-fri normal hexan eller normal heptan kan opnås fra en 5 destillationsprøve af naturlig benzin. På tale som egnede fremgangsmåder til separering af de normale paraffiner kommer superfraktionering, urinstofad-duktion og engangsseparering med Type 5A molekylsigte. Den foretrukne fremgangsmåde er molekylsigteseparering. Adskillige af disse processer anvendes kommercielt til genindvinding af normale paraffiner fra refinery 10 streams. Under adsorptionstrinnet i en sådan separation indeholder effluen-ten isoparaffiner og cykliske carbonhydrider. Normale paraffiner med stor renhed genindvindes ved desorption eller ved forskydning med lettere normale paraffiner, såsom propan. I den her omhandlede opfindelse skal der være højest 5 vægt-%, fortrinsvis højst 2,5 vægt-% isoparaffiner og cykliske 15 forbindelser til stede i udgangsmaterialet. Normal hexan, heptan eller blandinger deraf bør udgøre mindst 90 vægt-% af den totale mængde C5+ carbonhydrider i udgangsmaterialet, fortrinsvis 95 vægt-%.Essentially isomer-free normal hexane or normal heptane can be obtained from a distillation sample of natural gasoline. Speaking as suitable methods for separating the normal paraffins comes super fractionation, urea deduction, and disposable type 5A molecular sieve separation. The preferred method is molecular sieve separation. Several of these processes are used commercially to recover normal paraffins from refinery 10 streams. During the adsorption step of such a separation, the effluent contains isoparaffins and cyclic hydrocarbons. Normal high purity paraffins are recovered by desorption or by displacement with lighter normal paraffins such as propane. In the present invention, a maximum of 5 wt%, preferably not more than 2.5 wt% of isoparaffins and cyclic compounds, must be present in the starting material. Normal hexane, heptane or mixtures thereof should comprise at least 90% by weight of the total amount of C5 + hydrocarbons in the starting material, preferably 95% by weight.

Ifølge en udførelsesform for opfindelsen genindvindes den normale hexan, 20 heptan eller blandinger deraf ved type 5A molekylsigteseparation under anvendelse af propan som desorptionsmiddel og det desorberede effluent inde-j holdende propan omdannes katalytisk uden forudgående propanseparation.According to one embodiment of the invention, the normal hexane, heptane or mixtures thereof are recovered by type 5A molecular sieve separation using propane as a desorbent and the desorbed effluent containing propane is catalytically converted without prior propane separation.

! Ved nedsætning at benzen- og/eller toluenproduktets partialtryk med propan | begunstiges dets dannelse. Foruden de normale paraffiner kan udgangsma- 25 terialet således indeholde et fortyndingsmiddel, f.eks. hydrogen, en inert gas, f.eks. nitrogen, eller et aliphatisk carbonhydrid indeholdende mindre end fem carbonatomer. Skønt omdannelsen sker med høj selektivitet og langsom katalysator-forældelse endog uden tilstedeværelse af tilsat hydrogen, kan tilstedeværelsen af en lille mængde hydrogen anvendes til yderligere nedbrin-30 gelse af forældelsen. Når der anvendes hydrogen, foretrækkes det som nævnt at anvende dette sammen med en inert gas eller et fortyndingsmiddel.! By reducing the partial pressure of the benzene and / or toluene product with propane | favoring its formation. Thus, in addition to the normal paraffins, the starting material may contain a diluent, e.g. hydrogen, an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing less than five carbon atoms. Although the conversion occurs with high selectivity and slow catalyst obsolescence even without the presence of added hydrogen, the presence of a small amount of hydrogen can be used to further reduce the obsolescence. When hydrogen is used, it is preferred, as mentioned, to use this with an inert gas or diluent.

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 10 II 10 I

I Stvrenproduktion IIn Stvrenproduktion I

Den her omhandlede katalysator kan endvidere anvendes til omdannelse af IThe present catalyst can further be used to convert I

n-oktan til styren, fortrinsvis ved en temperatur på mindst 500°C i nærværel- Hn-octane to styrene, preferably at a temperature of at least 500 ° C in the presence of H

I 5 se af et inert gasfortyndingsmiddel, f.eks. nitrogen. IIn 5 se of an inert gas diluent, e.g. nitrogen. IN

I Dehydroqenerinq af carbonhvdrider indeholdende C?-Cs aliphatiske dele IIn Dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons Containing C? -Cs Aliphatic Parts I

I C2O5 carbonhydrider eller -dele kan dehydrogeneres til fremstilling af deres IIn C₂O5 hydrocarbons or moieties can be dehydrogenated to produce their I

II 10 umættede analoge under anvendelse at den her omhandlede katalysator. En HII 10 unsaturated analogs using the catalyst herein. And H.

I egnet reaktantklasse omfatter således alkaner med 2-5 carbonatomer herun- IThus, in a suitable reactant class, alkanes having 2-5 carbon atoms thereof comprise I

I der ethan, propan, butan, isobutan, pentan og 2-methylbutan. Ved dehydro- IThere are ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, pentane and 2-methylbutane. In dehydro- I

I genering tilvejebringer disse henholdsvis ethylen, propylen, buten, isobuten, IIn generation, these provide ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutene, I, respectively

I j penten og isopenten. En anden reaktantklasse omfatter olefiner med 2-5 car- IIn j penten and isopenten. Another reactant class comprises olefins having 2-5 carl

I 15 bonatomer, såsom ethylen, buten, penten og isopenten. Ved dehydrogene- IIn 15 bone atoms such as ethylene, butene, pentene and isopentene. In the case of dehydrogenase- I

I ring at ethylen fremstilles acetylen. Ved dehydrogenering af buten fremstilles IIn the ring that ethylene is prepared acetylene. By dehydrogenation of butene, I is prepared

I butadien, og ved dehydrogenering af methylbuten fremstilles isopren. IIn butadiene, and by dehydrogenation of the methylbutene, isoprene is produced. IN

I En yderligere reaktantklasse omfatter aryl og alkylaryl substituerede alipha-In a further reactant class, aryl and alkylaryl include substituted aliphatic compounds.

20 ter. De alkylaryl substituerede aliphaters alkylgruppe indeholder fortrinsvis 1- I20 ter. The alkyl group of the alkylaryl substituted aliphates preferably contains 1- I

I 4 carbonatomer. De aryl substituerede aliphatiske reaktanter omfatter ikke- IIn 4 carbon atoms. The aryl substituted aliphatic reactants include non-I

I i substituerede arylaliphater og alkyl substituerede arylaliphater. Hver alkyl i de IIn substituted aryl aliphates and alkyl substituted aryl aliphates. Each alkyl of the I

alkyl substituerede alkylaryler indeholder ligeledes fortrinsvis mindre end 4 Ialkyl substituted alkyl aryls also preferably contain less than 4 L

I carbonatomer. Reaktanter f.eks. ethylbenzen, diethylbenzen, ethyltoluen og IIn carbon atoms. Reactants e.g. ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, ethyltoluene and I

I 25 cumen er eksempler på sådanne forbindelser. Ved dehydrogenering frem- I25 cumens are examples of such compounds. By dehydrogenation, I

I bringer ethylbenzen styren, p-ethyltoluen frembringer p-methylstyren, cumen IYou bring in ethylbenzene styrene, p-ethyltoluene produces p-methylstyrene, cumen I

I isopropenylbenzen og diethylbenzen divinylbenzen.In isopropenylbenzene and diethylbenzene divinylbenzene.

I Ifølge opfindelsen omfatter katalytisk dehydrogenering tryk i intervallet 10- IIn accordance with the invention, catalytic dehydrogenation comprises pressure in the range of 10- 1

I 30 3550 kPa (1 atm - 500 psig), temperatur i intervallet 300-700°C, fortrinsvisAt 3550 kPa (1 atm - 500 psig), temperature in the range of 300-700 ° C, preferably

I 300-600°C, især 400-600°C, H2/fødemateriale-forhold ved reaktorindløbet på IAt 300-600 ° C, especially 400-600 ° C, H2 / feed ratio at the reactor inlet of I

I 5 eller mindre (selv vedreaktorindløbs-forhold på 0 vil der være et hydrogen- IIn 5 or less (even at reactor inlet ratio of 0 there will be a hydrogen I

11 DK 175802 B1 i | partialtryk i reaktoren, da hydrogen er et biprodukt fra dehydrogenenng) og en rumhastighed for væskefasen pr h i intervallet 0,1-50, fortrinsvis 0,5-10.11 DK 175802 B1 i | partial pressure in the reactor since hydrogen is a by-product of dehydrogenase and a space velocity of the liquid phase per h in the range 0.1-50, preferably 0.5-10.

Afvoksninq l 5Dewaxing 5

Den her omhandlede katalysator kan endvidere anvendes til afvoksning af carbonhydrid-udgangsmaterialer indeholdende C15 paraffiner, hvorved sidstnævnte omdannes til destillationsinterval-produkter, således at udgangsmaterialets flydepunkt og voksindhold nedbringes. På tale som typiske voksagti-10 ge udgangsmaterialer, der kan behandles, kommer sådanne, hvis kogepunkt ligger i intervallet 180-550°C (350-1025 F), og hvis flydepunkt er højere end -1°C (+30 F), såsom gasolier, kerosener, vakuumgasolier, hele råolier og olier fra tjæresand, skifter og kul.The present catalyst can also be used for dewaxing hydrocarbon starting materials containing C15 paraffins, thereby converting the latter into distillation interval products, thus reducing the starting point and wax content of the starting material. Speaking as typical waxy starting materials that can be treated, those whose boiling point is in the range 180-550 ° C (350-1025 F) and whose boiling point is higher than -1 ° C (+30 F), such as gas oils, kerosene, vacuum gas oils, whole crude oils and tar sands, shifts and coal.

15 Typiske afvoksningsbetingelser fremgår af nedenstående:Typical dewaxing conditions are shown in the following:

Tryk, bredt 0-100 psig (100-700 kPa)Pressure, wide 0-100 psig (100-700 kPa)

Tryk, foretrukkent 20-500 psig (240-3550 kPa) ! 20 Temperatur, bred 500-1200 F (260-650°C)Pressure, preferably 20-500 psig (240-3550 kPa)! Temperature, wide 500-1200 F (260-650 ° C)

Temperatur, foretrukken 800-1050 F (430-565^0) WHSV 0,1-20 WHSV, foretrukken 0,2-10 25 H2:olie 0-20:1 I det følgende beskrives opfindelsen nærmere under henvisning til en række eksempler og tegningen, hvor 30Temperature, Preferred 800-1050 F (430-565 °) WHSV 0.1-20 WHSV, Preferred 0.2-10 25 H2: Oil 0-20: 1 The invention is described in more detail below with reference to a number of examples and the drawing where 30

Fig. 1 er et røntgendiffraktionsmønster af ln-ZSM-5 fremstillet i forsøg nr. 6 i eksempel 1.FIG. Figure 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of ln-ZSM-5 prepared in Experiment # 6 of Example 1.

ΗΗ

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I ’ II 'I

I II I

Η IΗ I

I Fig. 2 er en graf, der viser C5+ udbyttet i vægt-% mod C5+ RON-værdien ved IIn FIG. 2 is a graph showing the C5 + yield by weight% against the C5 + RON value at I

I reforming ifølge eksempel 13 i sammenligning med reforming under IIn reforming according to Example 13 compared to reforming under I

I anvendelse af en gængs chlorid Ρί/ΑΙ203 katalysator, IUsing a common chloride Ρί / ΑΙ203 catalyst, I

5 Fig. 3 er en graf, der viser benzens og toluens gaschromatografiske analyse IFIG. 3 is a graph showing gas chromatographic analysis I of benzene and toluene

I (GC område %) mod strømningstimer under naphta reforming for Pt/Sn ZSM- II (GC range%) against flow hours during naphtha reforming for Pt / Sn ZSM-I

I 5 katalysatoren i eksempel 28. IIn the catalyst of Example 28. I

I EKSEMPLER IEXAMPLES I

I 10 II 10 I

I Eksempel 1 IIn Example 1 I

I Krystallinske ZSM-5 prøver indeholdende indium blev fremstillet ifølge frem- IIn crystalline ZSM-5 samples containing indium were prepared according to method I

gangsmådeme summeret i tabel 1. Det skal bemærkes, at produkterne blev IThe procedures are summarized in Table 1. It should be noted that the products were I

I 15 fremstillet ud fra reaktionsblandinger uden indhold af bevidst tilsat kildemate- II prepared from reaction mixtures without the content of deliberately added source material

I riale for Al203. IIn rial for Al203. IN

13 DK 175802 B113 DK 175802 B1

Tabel 1Table 1

Krystallisation at indium-holdiqe zeoliter 160°C, omrøring ved 400 omdr/min.Crystallization from indium-containing zeolites 160 ° C, stirring at 400 rpm.

5 Forsøg nr. Si02 H20 OH- NA+ R Tid, Zeolit ln203 Si02 Si02 Si02 Si02 Dage produkt 1a 500 48 0,26 0,27 0,10C 3 ZSM-5 2b 500 48 0,26 0,27 0,10C 3 ZSM-5 3a 300 48 0,26 0,28 0,10C 3 ZSM-5 10 4b 300 48 0,26 0,28 0,10C 1 ZSM-5 5d 300 48 0,26 0,28 0,20b 1 ZSM-5 6b 150 48 0,26 0,31 0,10c 2 ZSM-5 7b 150 48 0,26 0,31 0,10° 2 ZSM-5 8b 150 48 0,26 0,31 0,10° 2 ZSM-5 15 9b 150 48 0,26 0,31 0,10c 3 ZSM-5 10b 150 48 0,26 0,31 0,10C 2 ZSM-5 11® 76 48 0,26 0,59 0,10C 6 ZSM-5 12f 70 40 0,20 0,23 0,10c 3 ZSM-5 13b 70 40 0,26 0,37 0,10C 3 ZSM-5 20 14a 60 48 0,26 0,39 0,10c 3 ZSM-5 a- kildematerialet for silica er tetraethylorthosilicat (EttSiOi) b~ kildematerialet for silica er SPEX Industries udfældet Si02 c-- R=TPA+ (tetrapropylammoniumkation) d-- kildematerialet for silica er DeGussa Si02-røg 25 e~ Q-mærke natriumsilicat f~ kildematerialet for silica er kieselsyre udfældet Si025 Experiment No. Si02 H20 OH- NA + R Time, Zeolite ln203 Si02 Si02 Si02 Si02 Days Product 1a 500 48 0.26 0.27 0.10C 3 ZSM-5 2b 500 48 0.26 0.27 0.10C 3 ZSM -5 3a 300 48 0.26 0.28 0.10C 3 ZSM-5 10 4b 300 48 0.26 0.28 0.10C 1 ZSM-5 5d 300 48 0.26 0.28 0.20b 1 ZSM- 5 6b 150 48 0.26 0.31 0.10c 2 ZSM-5 7b 150 48 0.26 0.31 0.10 ° 2 ZSM-5 8b 150 48 0.26 0.31 0.10 ° 2 ZSM 5 15 9b 150 48 0.26 0.31 0.10c 3 ZSM-5 10b 150 48 0.26 0.31 0.10C 2 ZSM-5 11® 76 48 0.26 0.59 0.10C 6 ZSM- 5 12f 70 40 0.20 0.23 0.10c 3 ZSM-5 13b 70 40 0.26 0.37 0.10C 3 ZSM-5 20 14a 60 48 0.26 0.39 0.10c 3 ZSM-5 the a source of silica is tetraethyl orthosilicate (EttSiOi) b ~ the source of silica is SPEX Industries precipitated SiO2 c-- R = TPA + (tetrapropylammonium cation) d-- the source material of silica is DeGussa SiO2 for silica, silica precipitated SiO2

De kemiske analyser af nogle af de indiumholdige produkter fremgår af tabel 2. Disse produkter har et indiumindhold i intervallet 0,36-5,20 vægt-% In. Ze-30 olitproduktemes receptur fremgår af tabel 2 som oxid- forhold per mol ln203.The chemical analyzes of some of the indium-containing products are shown in Table 2. These products have an indium content in the range of 0.36-5.20 wt% In. The recipe of the zeolite products is shown in Table 2 as oxide ratios per mole of ln203.

Det skal bemærkes, at Si02/AI203-molforholdet for hvert produkt altid oversteg 1000.It should be noted that the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 molar ratio for each product always exceeded 1000.

DK 175802 B1 IDK 175802 B1 I

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Fig. 1 viser røntgendiffraktionsmønstret for ln/ZSM-5 (prøve fra forsøg nr. 6).FIG. Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of ln / ZSM-5 (sample from experiment # 6).

EKSEMPEL 2 5 In/ZSM i forsøg nr. 10 blev fremstillet som følger.EXAMPLE 2 In / ZSM in Experiment No. 10 was prepared as follows.

iin

Der blev anvendt en kommercielt tilgængelig silicagei (SPEX Ind.) med meget lav aluminium forurening ved fremstillingen af ln-ZSM-5. 0,85 g ln(N03)3 og 2,66 g NaOH-piller blev først opløst i 180,2 g deioniseret vand, hvorpå 10 5,64 g tetrapropylammoniumbromid (TPABr) blev opløst i denne basiske op løsning. Opløsningen blev overført til en 300 ml rustfri stål autoklav, og der blev tilsat 15,0 g silicagei (SPEX). Autoklaven blev derpå lukket, og omrøring og opvarmning påbegyndtes. Den med denne reaktionsblanding dannede hydrogel har følgende molforhold: 15A commercially available silica gel (SPEX Ind.) With very low aluminum pollution was used in the preparation of ln-ZSM-5. 0.85 g of ln (NO3) 3 and 2.66 g of NaOH pills were first dissolved in 180.2 g of deionized water and then 5.64 g of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) was dissolved in this basic solution. The solution was transferred to a 300 ml stainless steel autoclave and 15.0 g of silica gel (SPEX) was added. The autoclave was then closed and stirring and heating started. The hydrogel formed with this reaction mixture has the following molar ratio: 15

Si02/ln203 150 H20/Si02 48 OH7Si02 0,26 Na+/Si02 0,31 20 TPA+/Si02 0,10SiO2 / ln2O3 150 H2O / SiO2 48 OH7SiO2 0.26 Na + / SiO2 0.31 TPA + / SiO2 0.10

Hydrogelen blev reageret ved 160°C i 2 dage med en omrøringshastighed på 400 omdr/m inden bratkøling. Det resulterende krystallinske produkt blev filtreret, vasket og tørret. Røntgenpulverdiffraktionsanalyse viste, at produktet 25 var 100% krystallinsk ZSM-5, i sammenligning med diffraktionsmønstret for gængs ZSM-5. Grundstofanalyse af ZSM-5 produktet viste: C=7,93%, N=0,74%, Na=0,56%, ln=2,26%, Al=0,005%, Si02=83,85%, aske=88,05%, alle udtrykt på vægtbasis.The hydrogel was reacted at 160 ° C for 2 days at a stirring rate of 400 rpm before quenching. The resulting crystalline product was filtered, washed and dried. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that the product 25 was 100% crystalline ZSM-5, compared to the diffraction pattern of conventional ZSM-5. Elemental analysis of the ZSM-5 product showed: C = 7.93%, N = 0.74%, Na = 0.56%, ln = 2.26%, Al = 0.005%, SiO 2 = 83.85%, ash = 88.05%, all by weight.

30 Udtrykt i molforhold var resultaterne: C/N=12,5, mol ln203: N20=2,68,Expressed in molar ratios, the results were: C / N = 12.5, mol ln 2 O 3: N 2 O = 2.68,

Na20=1,23, Al203=0,009, Si02=142.Na 2 O = 1.23, Al 2 O 3 = 0.009, SiO 2 = 142.

ΗΗ

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 16 II 16 I

I Platin blev inkorporeret på følgende måde: Den frisk fremstillede zeolit blev IPlatinum was incorporated as follows: The freshly prepared zeolite became I

I opvarmet i nitrogen til 520°C ved 1 eC/min og blev holdt der i 6 h. Den blev II was heated in nitrogen to 520 ° C at 1 eC / min and kept there for 6 hours

I derpå luftkalcineret på lignende måde. Den kalcinerede zeolit havde analy- IThen air calcined in a similar manner. The calcined zeolite had analyte

I sen 41,05% Si, 2,21% In (Si/ln2=152) og 120 ppm Al, og sorberede 10,4% η- IIn late 41.05% Si, 2.21% In (Si / ln 2 = 152) and 120 ppm Al, and sorbed 10.4% η-I

I 5 hexan ved 90°C. Den kalcinerede zeolit (3g) blev omrørt natten over i en op- IIn hexane at 90 ° C. The calcined zeolite (3g) was stirred overnight in an oven

I | løsning af 150 mg Pt(NH3)-jCl2 i 100 ml vand ved stuetemperatur. Efter vask. . II | solution of 150 mg of Pt (NH 3) -jCl 2 in 100 ml of water at room temperature. After washing. . IN

filtrering og tørring indeholdt den ionbyttede zeolit 0,41 mækv. NH^g aske, Ifiltration and drying, the ion-exchanged zeolite contained 0.41 meq. NH ^ g ash, I

I hvilket svarer til 1,89% på prøven. Platintetramin-zeoliten blev derpå kalcine- IIn which corresponds to 1.89% on the sample. The platinum tetramine zeolite was then calcined

ret ved opvarmning i oxygen til 350°C ved 0,5°C/min, blev holdt der i 1 h. Iwhen heated in oxygen to 350 ° C at 0.5 ° C / min, was kept there for 1 hour

I 10 Grundstofanalyse indikerede tilstedeværelse af 1,85% Pt i den endelige kata- II Elemental analysis indicated the presence of 1.85% Pt in the final cat

I lysator. IIn lysator. IN

I Ved meget høj hexan-omdannelse (99%) blev der dannet benzen i et udbytte IIn very high hexane conversion (99%) benzene was formed in a yield I

I på over 94%. Ligeledes gav n-heptan 96% toluen. I overensstemmelse med IIn over 94%. Likewise, n-heptane gave 96% toluene. In accordance with I

I 15 denne platinkatalysators ikke-sure natur, gav n-oktan overvejende ethylben- IIn the non-acidic nature of this platinum catalyst, n-octane gave predominantly ethyl benzene

I zen og orthoxylen, 2-methylheptan dannede for det meste metaxylen, og 3- IIn zen and orthoxylene, 2-methylheptane mostly formed methaxylene, and 3- I

I methylheptan dannede hovedsageligt ethylbenzen, para- og orthoxylen. IIn methyl heptane mainly ethylbenzene, para- and orthoxylene formed. IN

I EKSEMPEL 3 IIn Example 3 I

I 20 II 20 I

I Der blev fremstillet borosilicat ZSM-5 ved 170°C fra en blanding at 12,4 g IBorosilicate ZSM-5 was prepared at 170 ° C from a mixture of 12.4 g of I

I silica (SPEX) med stor renhed, 105 g 20% TEA-hydroxid og 0,8 g borsyre. IIn high purity silica (SPEX), 105 g of 20% TEA hydroxide and 0.8 g of boric acid. IN

Den frisk fremstillede zeolit blev derpå kalcineret i nitrogen og derefter i luft IThe freshly prepared zeolite was then calcined in nitrogen and then in air I

I ved 520°C. Den kalcinerede zeolit indeholdt 41,39% Si, 0,015% Al, og 0,44% II at 520 ° C. The calcined zeolite contained 41.39% Si, 0.015% Al, and 0.44% I

I 25 B. II 25 B. I

I 2 g af det kalcinerede borsilicat blev imprægneret med 135 mg ln(N03)3 og IIn 2 g of the calcined borosilicate were impregnated with 135 mg ln (NO3) 3 and I

I derpå kalcineret i luft ved 500°C i 2 h. 1,8 g af dette materiale blev derpå ion- II was then calcined in air at 500 ° C for 2 hours. 1.8 g of this material was then ionized

I byttet med 28 mg Pt(NH3)4Cl2 i 100 ml vand ved stuetemperatur. TGA analy- IIn the exchange with 28 mg of Pt (NH 3) 4 Cl 2 in 100 ml of water at room temperature. TGA analy- I

I 30 se i hydrogen viste tilstedeværelse af 0,18 mækv. N/g svarende til 0,87%. IIn the presence of hydrogen, the presence of 0.18 meq. N / g corresponding to 0.87%. IN

I Den platinudbyttede zeolit blev derpå kalcineret i oxygen til 350°C ved IThe platinum-exchanged zeolite was then calcined in oxygen to 350 ° C at 1

I 0,5°C/min. IAt 0.5 ° C / min. IN

DK 175802 B1 17DK 175802 B1 17

Katalysatoraktiviteten af den foranstående blanding blev undersøgt. Katalysatorens “ikke-sure" natur blev bekræftet ved dens evne til at aromatisere n-heptan til toluen i stort udbytte. Ved 500°C og 30 torr (4 kPa) heptan i nitrogen blev der dannet toluen i et udbytte på 95%. De fremstillede små mæng-5 der af både methan og propan blev endvidere overgået af den dannede ethan, hvilket indikerer katalysatormaterialets lave hydrogenolyse og syreaktivitet.The catalyst activity of the foregoing mixture was investigated. The "non-acidic" nature of the catalyst was confirmed by its ability to aromatize n-heptane to toluene in high yield. At 500 ° C and 30 torr (4 kPa) heptane in nitrogen, toluene was formed in a 95% yield. produced small amounts of both methane and propane were additionally surpassed by the ethane formed, indicating the low hydrogenolysis and acid activity of the catalyst material.

% Omdan. % Cl % Cg % Benzen % Toluen (selektivitet) 10 96 0,4 0,6 1,3 92(96%) 99 0,5 1,0 1,5 95(96%) EKSEMPEL 4 15 Platin blev inkorporeret i et indium-holdigt silicat med ZSM-5 struktur ved direkte tilsætning af en platinforbindelse til zeolitsyntesereaktionsblandingen på følgende måde:% Convert. % Cl% Cg% Benzene% Toluene (selectivity) 10 96 0.4 0.6 1.3 92 (96%) 99 0.5 1.0 1.5 95 (96%) EXAMPLE 4 Platinum was incorporated into a indium-containing silicate with ZSM-5 structure by directly adding a platinum compound to the zeolite synthesis reaction mixture as follows:

Der blev fremstillet en opløsning ved opløsning af 2,00 g indiumnitrat og 20 13,07 g NaOH-piller i 710,28 g deioniseret vand. Da faststofferne var opløst, blev 26,6 g tetrapropylammoniumbromid (TPABr) opløst i denne opløsning.A solution was prepared by dissolving 2.00 g of indium nitrate and 13.07 g of NaOH pills in 710.28 g of deionized water. When the solids dissolved, 26.6 g of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) were dissolved in this solution.

Til slut blev 1,29 g platintetraaminnitrat [Pt(NH3)4(NC>3)2] opløst i opløsningen, der blev overført til en 1 I rustfri stål autoklav. Inden autoklaven blev lukket, blev der hældt 66,67 g kommerciel silicagel (SPEX Industries) ind i autokla-25 ven. Autoklaven blev derefter lukket, og opvarmning og omrøring påbegyndtes øjeblikkeligt. Readktionsblandingshydrogelen kan beskrives ved følgende molforhold:Finally, 1.29 g of platinum tetraamine nitrate [Pt (NH 3) 4 (NC> 3) 2] were dissolved in the solution which was transferred to a 1 L stainless steel autoclave. Before the autoclave was closed, 66.67 g of commercial silica gel (SPEX Industries) was poured into the autoclave. The autoclave was then closed and heating and stirring started immediately. The reaction mixture hydrogel can be described at the following molar ratios:

Si02/ln203 300 H2O/S1O2 40 30 0H7Si02 0,30SiO2 / ln2O3 300 H2O / S1O2 40 30 OH7 SiO2 0.30

Na7Si02 0,33 TPA7Si02 0,10 Si02/Pr 300Na7 SiO2 0.33 TPA7 SiO2 0.10 SiO2 / Pr 300

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 18 1I 18 1

I Krystallisationen blev udført ved 170 °C under omrøring (400 omdr./min). IIn the crystallization was performed at 170 ° C with stirring (400 rpm). IN

I Efter 4 dage blev autoklaven bratkølet i et vand· og isbad til afslutning af kry-After 4 days, the autoclave was quenched in a water and ice bath to complete the cooling cycle.

I 5 stallisationen. Det faste produkt blev filtreret, kogt i vand og endelig atter fil- IIn the 5 stallisation. The solid product was filtered, boiled in water and finally filtered again

I treret inden tørring under en varmelampe. XRD-analyse af det fast produkt IIn the wood before drying under a heat lamp. XRD analysis of the solid product I

I viste, at materialet var krystallinsk zeolit ZSM-5. IYou showed that the material was crystalline zeolite ZSM-5. IN

I Væot-% IIn Væot-% I

I 10 II 10 I

I C N Na In Pt Si02 Al203 Aske II C N Na In Pt Si02 Al203 Ashes I

I 8,27 0,74 1,3 1,1 0,52 82,7 0,0265 85,05 I8.27 0.74 1.3 1.1 0.52 82.7 0.0265 85.05 I

hvilket gav Iwhich you gave

I 15I 15

I Mol C Mol per mol ln?Ch II Mol C Mol per mol ln? Ch I

I MoIN N20 : Na20 : Al203 : Si02 : Pt II MoIN N20: Na20: Al203: Si02: Pt I

I 13,1 5,52 5,90 0,05 288 0,55 II 13.1 5.52 5.90 0.05 288 0.55 I

I 20 EKSEMPEL 5 IEXAMPLE 5 I

I Der blev fremstillet en binær oxidzeolit med ZSM-5 struktur i det tofasede IA binary oxide zeolite of ZSM-5 structure was prepared in the two-phase I

I system. Den vandige fase af det tofasede system omfattede 2,8 g IIn system. The aqueous phase of the two-phase system comprised 2.8 g of I

I Ιη(Ν03)3χΗ2Ο opløst i 35 g vand, hvortil der var tilsat 63 g TPAOH (40 % i IIn Ιη (Ν03) 3χΗ2Ο dissolved in 35 g of water to which 63 g of TPAOH (40% in I) was added.

I 25 H20). Den organiske fase omfattede 77,0 g Si(OCH3)4 opløst i 35 g 1- IIn H2 O). The organic phase comprised 77.0 g of Si (OCH 3) 4 dissolved in 35 g of 1- 1

I hexanol. Blandingen blev nukleeret ved 180°C i 24 h og krystalliseret ved IIn hexanol. The mixture was nucleated at 180 ° C for 24 hours and crystallized at 1

200°C i 144 h. Slutproduktet blev filtreret og vasket. Det tørnede materiales I200 ° C for 144 hours. The final product was filtered and washed. The dried material I

I røntgendiffraktionsmønster viste, at det var godt udkrystalliseret ZSM—5. IIn X-ray diffraction pattern showed that it was well crystallized ZSM-5. IN

I ‘ 30 Prøven blev ammoniumudbyttet (1 M NH4CI, to gange, 60°C, 20 ml/g zeolit) IIn the sample, the ammonium yield (1 M NH 4 Cl, twice, 60 ° C, 20 ml / g zeolite) was I

I og kalcineret. Asken fra en prøve, der var kalcineret ved 1000°C, havde den IIn and calcined. The ash from a sample calcined at 1000 ° C had the I

I kemiske sammensætning 79,3 vægt-% Si02 og 1,5 vægt-% ln203. Askeresten IIn chemical composition 79.3 wt% SiO 2 and 1.5 wt% ln 2 O 3. Ashtray I

I indeholdt også en lille mængde, dvs. 85 ppm, aluminium. IYou also contained a small amount, i.e. 85 ppm, aluminum. IN

19 DK 175802 B119 DK 175802 B1

Temperaturprogrammeret desorption af ammonium viste en udbytningskapacitet på 0,09 mækv/g for produktet i dette eksempel. Si/ln-forholdet fra TPAD var 190,5. Prøven havde en α-værdi på 1,0.The temperature programmed desorption of ammonium showed a yield capacity of 0.09 meq / g for the product in this example. The Si / ln ratio from TPAD was 190.5. The sample had an α value of 1.0.

5 EKSEMPEL 6EXAMPLE 6

Fremgangsmåden eksempel 5 blev gentaget med undtagelse af, at blandingen indeholdt 3,6 g ln(N03)3.xH20 i den vandige fase. Produktet blev filtreret 10 og tørret. Det havde samme karakteristiske ZSM-5 røntgenlinier som produktet i eksempel 5. Materialet blev kalcineret og ammoniumudbyttet som beskrevet i eksempel 5. Asken fra en prøve, der var kalcineret ved 1000°C, havde den kemiske sammensætning 78,2 vægt-% Si02 og 3,1 vægt-% ln203. Askeresten indeholdt også en lille mængde, dvs. 180 ppm, aluminium.The procedure of Example 5 was repeated except that the mixture contained 3.6 g of ln (NO3) 3.xH 2 O in the aqueous phase. The product was filtered and dried. It had the same characteristic ZSM-5 x-ray lines as the product of Example 5. The material was calcined and the ammonium yield as described in Example 5. The ash from a sample calcined at 1000 ° C had the chemical composition 78.2 wt% SiO 2 and 3.1 wt% ln2O3. The ash residue also contained a small amount, i. 180 ppm, aluminum.

1515

Temperaturprogrammeret desorption af ammoniak viste en udbytningskapacitet på 0,21 mækv/g for produktet i dette eksempel. Si/ln-forholdet fra TPAD var 77,9. Prøvens α-værdig var 2,5.The temperature programmed desorption of ammonia showed a yield capacity of 0.21 meq / g for the product in this example. The Si / ln ratio from TPAD was 77.9. The α-value of the sample was 2.5.

20 EKSEMPEL 7-11EXAMPLES 7-11

Den i eksempel 5 beskrevne syntese blev gentaget med undtagelse af, at blandingen indeholdt varierende mængder ln(N03)3xH20. Der blev fremstillet 5 præparationer med følgende sammensætning: 25The synthesis described in Example 5 was repeated except that the mixture contained varying amounts of ln (NO3) 3xH 2 O. Five preparations of the following composition were prepared: 25

Eksempel 7 8 9 10 11Example 7 8 9 10 11

Vandig fase fa) H20 40,0 40,0 35,0 40,0 40,0 ln(N03)3xH20 0,9 7,2 1,8 1,8 3,6 30 TPAOH, 40% 63,0 63,0 63,0 63,0 63,0Aqueous phase fa) H 2 O 40.0 40.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 ln (NO 3) 3x H 2 O 0.9 7.2 1.8 1.8 3.6 TPAOH, 40% 63.0 63, 63.0 63.0 63.0

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 20 II 20 I

I Organisk fase (g) IIn Organic Phase (g) I

I 1-Hexanol 60,0 60,0 35,0 60,0 60,0 II 1-Hexanol 60.0 60.0 35.0 60.0 60.0 I

I Si(OCH3)4 77,0 77,0 77,0 77,0 77,0 II Si (OCH3) 4 77.0 77.0 77.0 77.0 77.0 I

I 5 Produktmaterialerne blev filtreret og tørret. De havde samme karakteristiske IIn 5 The product materials were filtered and dried. They had the same characteristic

I røntgenlinier som ZSM-5. Materialerne blev kalcineret og amnioniumudbyttet IIn X-ray lines such as ZSM-5. The materials were calcined and the amnionium yield I

I som i eksempel 5. Deres egenskaber var som følger IAs in Example 5. Their properties were as follows

I Eksempel 7 8 9 10 11 IIn Example 7 8 9 10 11 I

I 10 Si02, vægt-% 84,0 77,5 80,5 76,7 82,5 IIn 10 SiO 2, weight% 84.0 77.5 80.5 76.7 82.5 I

I ln203, vægt-% 0,67 5,1 1,58 1,31 2,92 IIn ln203, wt% 0.67 5.1 1.58 1.31 2.92 I

I Al, ppm 105 65 130 85 60 II Al, ppm 105 65 130 85 60 I

I Udbytningskapacitet, IIn Exchanging Capacity, I

I mækv./g 0,09 0,17 0,17 0,12 0,21 IIn meq / g 0.09 0.17 0.17 0.12 0.21 I

I 15 II 15 I

I Si/ln (fra TPAD) 193 99 95 138 77 II Si / ln (from TPAD) 193 99 95 138 77 I

I a-værdi 1,5 1,6 1,0 1,0 ej II a value 1.5 1.6 1.0 1.0 not I

I bestemt IIn particular I

I 20 II 20 I

I EKSEMPEL 12 IIn Example 12 I

I En hydrobehandlet Arab lige-løbs (LSR) naphta blev reformet over en indi- IIn a hydrotreated Arab straight-running (LSR) naphta, reform over an indi- I

I um-holdigt ZSM-5 katalysator omfattende 2,3 vægt-% platin, 2,88 vægt-% IIn a sustained ZSM-5 catalyst comprising 2.3 wt% platinum, 2.88 wt% I

I 25 indium, 0,45% natrium og mindre end 360 ppm aluminium, resten var silica. IIn 25 indium, 0.45% sodium and less than 360 ppm aluminum, the rest was silica. IN

I Det anvendte Arab let LSR naphta var en C6-99°C fraktion indeholdende IIn the used Arab light LSR naphta was a C6-99 ° C fraction containing I

I 42,5 vægt-% C6 paraffiner, 32,9 vægt-% C7 paraffiner og en RON+0 på 51 IIn 42.5 wt% C6 paraffins, 32.9 wt% C7 paraffins and a RON + 0 of 51 l

I (beregnet). Øvrige egenskaber og sammensætningsmæssige detaljer frem- II (calculated). Other properties and compositional details

I går af nedenstående tabel: IYesterday from the table below:

I 30 II 30 I

21 DK 175802 B121 DK 175802 B1

Udoanasmaterialeegenskaber |Udoanase Material Properties |

Arab let LSR naphta ! API massefylde 73,5 j 5 Svovl, ppm 0,06Arab let LSR naphta! API Density 73.5 J Sulfur, ppm 0.06

Nitrogen, ppm 0,2Nitrogen, ppm 0.2

Oktan RON+O 51 !Octane RON + O 51!

Destillation, D-86 5 vol-%, F (°C) 69 10 50 vol-%, F (°C) 77 95 vol-%, F (°C) 95 |Distillation, D-86 5 vol%, F (° C) 69 10 50 vol%, F (° C) 77 95 vol%, F (° C) 95 |

Sammensætning, vægt-% C5 paraffiner 3,3 15 C6 paraffiner 41,4Composition, weight% C5 paraffins 3.3 C6 paraffins 41.4

Cq naphtener 7,4Cq naphthenes 7.4

Ce aromater 2,1 C7 paraffiner 32,3 20 C7 naphtener 7,1 C7 aromater 3,1Ce aromatics 2.1 C7 paraffins 32.3 C7 naphthenes 7.1 C7 aromatics 3.1

Ce+PNA 3,3 tCe + PNA 3.3 t

Reforming af Arab Light LSR naphta over platin-indium ZSM-5 katalysatoren 25 blev udført ved 540°C {1000 F), 446 kPa (50 psig), 1,0 LHSV og 5:1 H2/HC-molforhold ved reaktorindløbet. Under disse betingelser resulterede reformingen i 84,9 vægt-% udbytte af C5+benzin ved 93,6 RON+0. C5-benzinen indholdt 56,8 vægt-% aromater.Reforming of Arab Light LSR naphta over platinum-indium ZSM-5 catalyst 25 was carried out at 540 ° C (1000 F), 446 kPa (50 psig), 1.0 LHSV and 5: 1 H2 / HC molar ratio at the reactor inlet. Under these conditions, the reform resulted in 84.9 wt% yield of C5 + gasoline at 93.6 RON + 0. The C5 gasoline contained 56.8% by weight of aromatics.

3030

DK 175802 B1 IDK 175802 B1 I

^ Η

22 I22 I

Katalysatorstabilitet ICatalyst Stability I

Strømningstid, h 136,8 192,0 IFlow Time, h 136.8 192.0 I

C5+ benzinudbytte, vægt-% 83,1 84,1 IC5 + gasoline yield, weight% 83.1 84.1 I

5 C5+benzinudbytte, vot-% 70,6 71,6 I5 C5 + gasoline yield, wt% 70.6 71.6 I

Oktan, RON+O 100,0 101,8 IOctane, RON + O 100.0 101.8 I

H2 fremstillet, SCF/B (Nm3/m3) 1980 (352) 1990 (354) IH2 prepared, SCF / B (Nm3 / m3) 1980 (352) 1990 (354) I

10 I eksemplerne 12 og 13 opnås der væsentlige fordele for udbytte og oktan iIn Examples 12 and 13, significant benefits are obtained for yield and octane in

sammenligning med de for behandling af LSR naphta i en gængs halv rege- IComparison with those for the treatment of LSR naphta in a normal half-reg I

nererende reformer forventede resultater, under anvendelse af et chloreret Ianticipatory reforms expected results, using a chlorinated I

platin/aluminium katalysatormateriale. Gængs reforming af denne naphta Iplatinum / aluminum catalyst material. Current reform of this naphta I

ville typisk resultere i 61 vægt-% udbytte af 93 RON+0 Cs+benzin ved reakti- Iwould typically result in 61 wt% yield of 93 RON + 0 Cs + gasoline by reaction

15 onsbetingelser på 540°C (1000 F), 1724 kPa (230 psig), 1,0 LHSV og 10:1 I1540 conditions (540 ° C), 1724 kPa (230 psig), 1.0 LHSV and 10: 1 L

H2/HC molforhold, idet C5+ benzinproduktet kun indeholder 51,2% aromater. IH2 / HC molar ratio, with the C5 + gasoline product containing only 51.2% aromatics. IN

Yderligere detaljer fremgår af nedenstående tabel 3: IFurther details are given in Table 3 below:

20 Tabel 3 ITable 3 I

Katalysator Pt-CI/alumina Pt/ln ZSM-5 ICatalyst Pt-CI / alumina Pt / ln ZSM-5 I

Procesbetingelser IProcess conditions I

25 Temperatur, F (°C) 1000(540) 1000(540) 1000(540) I25 Temperature, F (° C) 1000 (540) 1000 (540) 1000 (540) I

Tryk, psig (kPa) 250(1724) 50(446) 50(446) IPressure, psig (kPa) 250 (1724) 50 (446) 50 (446) I

LHSV, l/h 1,0 1,0 1,0 ILHSV, l / h 1.0 1.0 1.0 I

H2/HC molforhold 10 5 — IH2 / HC molar ratio 10 5 - I

30 Procesudbytte, vægt-% IProcess yield, weight% I

Hydrogen 0,6 3,3 4,6 IHydrogen 0.6 3.3 4.6 I

C1-C4 38,3 11,8 11,3 IC1-C4 38.3 11.8 11.3 I

C5+benzin 61,1 84,9 84,1 IC5 + gasoline 61.1 84.9 84.1 I

23 DK 175802 B1 C5+ produktkvalitet23 DK 175802 B1 C5 + product quality

Oktan, RON+O 93,0 93,6 101,8Octane, RON + O 93.0 93.6 101.8

Aromater, vaegt-% 51,2 56,8 72,9 5 Nedsættelse af reaktionstrykket og hydrogencirkulationen forbedrer endvidere den konventionelle reforming-katalysators selektivitet, men resulterer i uacceptabelt høj forældelseshastighed. Den platinholdige indium ZSM-5 katalysators evne til at operere i fravær af tilsat hydrogen synes at indebære væsentlige fordele ikke blot i sammenligning med halvregenererende men 10 også med cykliske reforming-processer under anvendelse af konventionelle katalysatorer.Aromatics, wt% 51.2 56.8 72.9 5 Reducing the reaction pressure and hydrogen circulation further improves the selectivity of the conventional reforming catalyst, but results in unacceptably high aging rates. The ability of the platinum-containing indium ZSM-5 catalyst to operate in the absence of added hydrogen appears to have significant advantages not only in comparison with semi-regenerative but also in cyclic reforming processes using conventional catalysts.

I fig. 2 vises en udbytte vs RON kurve opnået under anvendelse af reforming-processen i eksempel 13 i sammenligning med den gængse chlorerede 15 Pt/AbOa katalysator.In FIG. 2, a yield vs RON curve obtained using the reforming process of Example 13 is shown in comparison with the usual chlorinated 15 Pt / AbOa catalyst.

EKSEMPEL 14EXAMPLE 14

Eksempel 12 blev gentaget men med reduceret hydrogen partialtryk i reakto-20 ren ved tilsætning af helium som fortyndingsmiddel. De nedenfor anførte resultater sammenligner resultaterne for eksempel 12-14.Example 12 was repeated but with reduced hydrogen partial pressure in the reactor by the addition of helium as a diluent. The results given below compare the results for example 12-14.

Eks. 18 Eks. 19 Eks. 20 25 Gas/HC-fødningsforholdEx. 18 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 25 Gas / HC feeding ratios

ved indløb . 5:1 H2/HC Ingen H2 5:1 He/HCat inlet. 5: 1 H2 / HC No H2 5: 1 He / HC

Hydrogen, vægt-% 3,3 4,6 5,7Hydrogen, wt% 3.3 4.6 5.7

CrC4 11,8 11,3 3,8 C5+ benzin 84.9 84,1 90,5 30 C5+ RON+0 93,6 101,8 103,3CrC4 11.8 11.3 3.8 C5 + gasoline 84.9 84.1 90.5 30 C5 + RON + 0 93.6 101.8 103.3

Aromater, vægt-% 48,0 61,0 68,7Aromatics,% by weight 48.0 61.0 68.7

DK 175802 B1 IDK 175802 B1 I

Det ses, at indføring af en inert bærer, her helium, til nedsættelse af hydro- IIt is seen that the introduction of an inert carrier, here helium, to reduce hydro-I

gen partialtrykket i reaktoren resulterer i yderligere udbytte og oktangevinst IThe partial pressure in the reactor results in additional yield and octane gain I

ved yderligere, forbedring af aromatselektiviteten. Hydrogenolyse og krak- Iby further improving the flavor selectivity. Hydrogenolysis and cracking

ningsreaktioner, der resulterer i C1-C4 fremstilling, er undertrykt. Som følge Ireaction reactions that result in C1-C4 preparation are suppressed. As a result I

5 heraf forøges såvel hydrogenudbyttet som renhedsgaden. I5 of which both the hydrogen yield and the purity street are increased. IN

EKSEMPEL 15 IEXAMPLE 15 I

I dette eksempel blev den i foregående eksempel anvendte forbehandlede IIn this example, the pretreated I used in the previous example was used

10 lette paraffiniske naphta forarbejdet over en silicabundet Pt/ln ZSM-5 kataly- I10 light paraffinic naphtha processed over a silica-bound Pt / ln ZSM-5 catalyst

sator under samtidig indføring af hydrogen og propan. Et andet forsøg, hvor Hsator during the simultaneous introduction of hydrogen and propane. Another experiment in which H

der kun blev anvendt hydrogen til samfødning med nåphta, medtages af Hhydrogen used only for co-feeding with nouphta is included by H

sammenligningshensyn. Reaktionsbetingelseme var 540eC (100 F), 446 kPa Icomparison purposes. The reaction conditions were 540 ° C (100 F), 446 kPa I

(50 psig) og 1,0 LHSV på naphta-fødningen, med et 12:1 hydrogen eller hy- I(50 psig) and 1.0 LHSV on the naphtha feed, with a 12: 1 hydrogen or hy-I

15 drogen+propan til naphta molforhold ved reaktorindløbet. Naphta- H15 drug + propane to naphta molar ratio at the reactor inlet. Naphta- H

partialtrykket (4 psi eller 28 kPa) var det samme i begge eksperimenter, Hthe partial pressure (4 psi or 28 kPa) was the same in both experiments, H

mens hydrogenpartialtrykket blev sænket fra 317 kPa til 83 kPa ved samtidig Hwhile the hydrogen partial pressure was lowered from 317 kPa to 83 kPa at simultaneous H

indføring af propan som fortyndingsmiddel. Hintroduction of propane as a diluent. H

20 Reforming ved lavt tryk med samtidig propanindførinq ILow-pressure reforming with simultaneous propane introduction I

Udgangsmat. H2 alene H2+C3 IOutput Cramped. H2 alone H2 + C3 I

H2/C5+HC molforhold 12:1 3:1 IH2 / C5 + HC molar ratio 12: 1 3: 1 I

C3/C5+HC molforhold 9:1 IC3 / C5 + HC molar ratio 9: 1 I

25 C3 vol-% på naphta 577,1 11,1 546,0 I25% by volume of naphtha 577.1 11.1 546.0 I

C3 = Udbytte, vol-% 0,7 33,0 C5+benzin udbytte, vol-% 100,0 75,3 81,0 C5+ benzinoktan RUN+O 51 83 91C3 = Yield, vol% 0.7 33.0 C5 + gasoline yield, vol% 100.0 75.3 81.0 C5 + gasoline octane RUN + O 51 83 91

30 Fremstillet hydrogen, SCF/B I30 Hydrogen produced, SCF / B I

(NnrrVm3) 580(103) 1954(348) I(NnrrVm3) 580 (103) 1954 (348) I

Hydrogenrenhed, mol-% 79,0 96,9 IHydrogen purity, mole% 79.0 96.9 I

Aromater, vægt-% 5,2 29,4 44,9 IAromatics, wt% 5.2 29.4 44.9 I

25 DK 175802 B1DK 175802 B1

Samindføring af propan til nedsættelse at hydrogen-partialtrykket forbedrer aromatiseringsselektiviteten og resulterer såvel i forøget benzinudbytte som højere (beregnet) oktantal. Dehydrogenering af propan-samfødningen til pro-pylen og hydrogen nærmer sig termodynamisk ligevægt ved de valgte reakti-5 onsbetingelser. Hydrogenrenheden (defineret som mol hydrogen i forhold til samlede mol hydrogen, methan og ethan) og mængden af fremstillet hydrogen forøges betragteligt. Det skal bemærkes, at propan-fortyndingsmidlet og højere carbonhydrider let separeres fra det fremstillede hydrogen, hvorved der sikres økonomisk genindvinding af den meget rene hydrogen.Reintroduction of propane to reduce hydrogen partial pressure improves the flavor selectivity and results in both increased gasoline yield and higher (calculated) octane. Dehydrogenation of the propane conjugate to the propylene and hydrogen approaches thermodynamic equilibrium at the selected reaction conditions. The hydrogen purity (defined as moles of hydrogen relative to total moles of hydrogen, methane and ethane) and the amount of hydrogen produced are significantly increased. It should be noted that the propane diluent and higher hydrocarbons are readily separated from the hydrogen produced, thereby ensuring economical recovery of the very pure hydrogen.

1010

Den i dette eksperiment anvendte katalysator blev fremstillet ved ekstrude-ring af en frisk fremstillet TPANa (ln)ZSM-5 50/50 med silica ifølge den i US 4,582,815 beskrevne fremgangsmåde. Ekstrudatet blev kalcineret i nitrogen og derpå i luft ved 538°C og derpå ionudbyttet med platintetraminchlorid- 15 opløsning, der derpå blev kalcineret i oxygen fra 25-350°C ved 0,5°C/min, hvor det blev holdt i 1 h. Den resulterende kalcinerede katalysator indeholdt 0,48 vægt-% platin, 0,49 vægt-% indium, 0,11 vægt-% aluminium, og 0,12 vægt-% natrium.The catalyst used in this experiment was prepared by extrusion of a freshly prepared TPANα (ln) ZSM-5 50/50 with silica according to the process described in US 4,582,815. The extrudate was calcined in nitrogen and then in air at 538 ° C and then ionized with platinum tetramine chloride solution, which was then calcined in oxygen from 25-350 ° C at 0.5 ° C / min, where it was maintained for 1 hour. The resulting calcined catalyst contained 0.48 wt% platinum, 0.49 wt% indium, 0.11 wt% aluminum, and 0.12 wt% sodium.

20 EKSEMPEL 16EXAMPLE 16

Der blev foretaget efterbehandling af et reformat af 70 RON+O over et plati-nindiumsilicat med ZSM-5 røntgendiffraktionsmønster.Post-treatment of a reformate of 70 RON + 0 over a platinum-indium silicate with ZSM-5 X-ray diffraction pattern was performed.

25 Det som fødning anvendte reformat blev fremstillet ved udtagning af prøver fra den anden reaktor i en tre-reaktors reformingproces, hvor reformingkata-lysatoren var en gængs chloreret platinkatalysator. De paraffiner, der ville være blevet omdannet i den tredje reaktor, blev tilbage, hvilket resulterede i det relativt lave oktantal. Dette reformat var ejendommeligt ved et forsøgsok- 30 tantal på 67,7, et kombineret hydrogenindhold på 13,75%, og indeholdt 2,7 vægt-% C5 paraffiner, 52,4 vægt-% C6 paraffiner, 10,6 vægt-% naphtener og 33,7 vægt-% aromater.The feed reformate was prepared by sampling the second reactor in a three-reactor reforming process, the reforming catalyst being a conventional chlorinated platinum catalyst. The paraffins that would have been converted in the third reactor remained, resulting in the relatively low octane number. This reformate was peculiar to a test octane of 67.7, a combined hydrogen content of 13.75%, and contained 2.7% by weight of C5 paraffins, 52.4% by weight of C6 paraffins, 10.6% by weight naphthenes and 33.7 wt.% aromatics.

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I II I

I Det anvendte platinholdige indium ZSM-5 katalysatormateriale var efter ca. IIn the platinum-containing indium ZSM-5 catalyst material used after approx. IN

I 18 dage strømning det samme som i eksempel 12.For 18 days flow the same as in Example 12.

I Nedenstående sammenligning viser de ved efterbehandling af lavoktan- IIn the comparison below, they show by the treatment of low octane I

I 5 reformat observerede resultater ved 540°C (1000 F), 446 kPa (50 psig) og IIn 5 reformats observed results at 540 ° C (1000 F), 446 kPa (50 psig) and I

I 1,0 LHSV, enten med hydrogen eller helium ved indløbet. IIn 1.0 LHSV, either with hydrogen or helium at the inlet. IN

I Efterbehandling af reformat IIn Post Reformation I

I 10 Udgangsmat. 5:1 H2/HC 5:1 He/HC IIn Starting Source. 5: 1 H2 / HC 5: 1 He / HC I

I Hydrogen, vægt-% -0,2 1,6In Hydrogen, weight% -0.2 1.6

I C1-C4 . 15,5 1,9 IIn C1-C4. 15.5 1.9 I

I Cs+benzin 100,0 84,5 96,5 II Cs + gasoline 100.0 84.5 96.5 I

I C5+ RON+O 67,5 89,0 93,2 II C5 + RON + O 67.5 89.0 93.2 I

I 15 C5+aromater, vægt-% 34,6 43,9 57,4 IIn 15 C5 + aromatics, wt% 34.6 43.9 57.4 I

I Det fremgår af ovenanførte resultater, at efterbehandling af lavoktan paraffi- II The above results show that post-treatment of low octane paraffin I

I nisk reformat over den platinholdige indium ZSM-5 katalysator klart forbedrer IIn niche reformate over the platinum-containing indium ZSM-5 catalyst, I clearly improve

I benzinoktantallet. Ved nedsættelse af hydrogen-partialtrykket i reaktoren ved IIn the gasoline octane number. By lowering the hydrogen partial pressure in the reactor at I

I 20 samindføring af en strøm af fortyndingsmiddel forbedres aromatselektivite- IIn co-introduction of a diluent stream, aromatic selectivity is improved

I ten, hvilket resulterer i såvel højere benzinudbytte som oktantal. IThis results in higher gasoline yields and octane numbers. IN

I EKSEMPEL 17 IEXAMPLE 17 I

I 25 Pt/ln/ZSM-5 ifølge eksempel 2 blev anvendt til katalyse af omdannelsen af η- II 25 Pt / ln / ZSM-5 of Example 2 was used to catalyze the conversion of η-I

I oktan i et nitrogenfortyndingsmiddel til aromater, herunder styren. Højere IIn octane in a nitrogen diluent for aromatics, including styrene. Higher I

I temperatur og større fortynding medførte forbedrede styrenudbytter, som IIn temperature and greater dilution, improved styrene yields, which I

I nedenfor vist. IIn shown below. IN

I 30 II 30 I

» 27 DK 175802 B1»27 DK 175802 B1

Oktantryk Tempera- Omdann- Styen- tur -°C else udbytte 10 torr (1,3 kPa) 450 99,3% 4,8% 10 torr (1,3 kPa) 500 95,4% 17,9% 5 10 torr (1,3 kPa) 538 98,4% 32,2% 1 torr (133 kPa) 550 99,4% 64,3% EKSEMPEL 18 10 Der blev anvendt endnu en prøve af den i eksempel 12 anvendte Pt/ln ZSM-5 katalysator (40,42% Si, 2,88% In, 0,45% Na, 358 ppm Al, og 2,3% Pt) til afvoksning af et tungt neutralt raffinatudgangsmateriale med et flydepunkt ved 49°C (120 F). Udgangsmaterialets egenskaber fremgår af tabel 4.Octane pressure Temperature Conversion - ° C Other yield 10 torr (1.3 kPa) 450 99.3% 4.8% 10 torr (1.3 kPa) 500 95.4% 17.9% 5 10 torr (1.3 kPa) 538 98.4% 32.2% 1 torr (133 kPa) 550 99.4% 64.3% EXAMPLE 18 Another sample of the Pt / ln ZSM used in Example 12 was used. 5 catalyst (40.42% Si, 2.88% In, 0.45% Na, 358 ppm Al, and 2.3% Pt) to dewax a heavy neutral raffinate starting material with a boiling point at 49 ° C (120 F) . The properties of the starting material are shown in Table 4.

15 Tabel 4Table 4

Charge lager H-NMR PCT 14,3Charge stock H-NMR PCT 14.3

Nitrogen-kemiluminisens 7 ppm 20 Basisk nitrogen-titr. 3 ppmNitrogen chemiluminescence 7 ppm 20 Nitrogen basic titr. 3 ppm

Svovl ved XRF, 0,002-5% PCT 0,02: API massefylde 31,5Sulfur at XRF, 0.002-5% PCT 0.02: API Density 31.5

Brydningsindeks væsker 1,458Refractive index fluids 1,458

Flash Pt cleve open cup 505 25 Kinematisk viskositet (100°C) 9,648Flash Pt cleve open cup 505 25 Kinematic viscosity (100 ° C) 9,648

Kinematisk viskositet (300 F) (149°C) 3,991Kinematic viscosity (300 F) (149 ° C) 3.991

Arom ved silicagel procent genindvundet 83,98 30 procentrest 15,44 procent tab 0,58 procent ikke-aromater 84,47Aroma at silica gel percent recovered 83.98 30 percent residue 15.44 percent loss 0.58 percent non-aromatics 84.47

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 28 II 28 I

procent aromater 15,53 Ipercent aromatics 15.53 I

H Vakuum dest. IH Vacuum dest. IN

Udgangskogepunkt 714 F (379°C) IInitial boiling point 714 F (379 ° C) I

I 5 5 vol-% destilleret 853 F (456°C) IIn 5 vol% distilled 853 F (456 ° C) I

I 10 " 878 F (470°C) II 10 "878 F (470 ° C) I

I 20 " 890 F (477°C) II 20 "890 F (477 ° C) I

I 30 ’ 905 F (485°C) IAt 30 '905 F (485 ° C) I

40 ” 921 F (494°C) I40 ”921 F (494 ° C) I

I 10 50 ” 936F{502°C) II 50 ° 936F (502 ° C) I

I 60 ” 954 F (512X) II 60 ”954 F (512X) I

70 " 979 F (526°C) I70 "979 F (526 ° C) I

I 80 " 1010 F (543°C) II 80 "1010 F (543 ° C) I

I 90 ” 1055 F(567°0) II 90 ”1055 F (567 ° 0) I

I 15 95 " " 1086 F (586°C) II 95 "" 1086 F (586 ° C) I

I procent indvundet 98,0 IPercent recovered 98.0 I

I Slutprodukt 1126F(608°C) IIn Final Product 1126F (608 ° C) I

I ’ II 'I

Der blev udført afvoksning i en kontinuerlig strømningsmikroreaktor ved ca, IDewaxing was performed in a continuous flow microreactor at approx

I 20 538°C, 1480 kPa (200 psig) og 0,5 WHS. IAt 20 538 ° C, 1480 kPa (200 psig) and 0.5 WHS. IN

H2:olieforholdet var 1,9. Produktudbytterne fremgår af nedenstående tabel 5: IH2: the oil ratio was 1.9. The product yields are shown in Table 5 below:

I Tabel 5 ; IIn Table 5; IN

I 25 Produktudbytter fra afvoksning IProduct yields from dewaxing I

I dage i drift =4,8 IOn days in operation = 4.8 I

I Smøreolieudbytte (650 F) (343+°C) = 62,5% IIn Lubricating Oil Yield (650 F) (343 + ° C) = 62.5% I

I Petroleumudbytte (330-650 F) (166-343°C) = 14,5% ; IIn Petroleum Yield (330-650 F) (166-343 ° C) = 14.5%; IN

I Naphtaudbytte (125-330 F) (52-166°C) = 19,0% IIn Naphtha yield (125-330 F) (52-166 ° C) = 19.0% I

30 I30 I

I Totalt væskeudbytte = 96,0% II Total fluid yield = 96.0% I

29 DK 175802 B129 DK 175802 B1

Et kromatogram af smøreolie- og petroleumfraktionen viste, at de voksagtige paraffiner var blevet omdannet fra 343+°C-intervallet (650 +F) til destillatintervallet, 343+°C-smøreoliens (650+F) flydepunkt var -6°C (22 F) i sammenligning med fedningens flydepunkt på 49°C (120 F). Ved flytning af det paraf-5 finiske materiale ind i destillatintervallet, blev der endvidere fremstillet et højkvalitetsdestillat med et estimeret oktantal på 55.A chromatogram of the lubricating oil and petroleum fraction showed that the waxy paraffins had been converted from the 343 + ° C range (650 + F) to the distillate range, the 343 + ° C lubricating oil (650 + F) flow point was -6 ° C (22 F) in comparison with the saturation point of 49 ° C (120 F). Furthermore, upon moving the paraffinic material into the distillate range, a high quality distillate having an estimated octane number of 55 was prepared.

EKSEMPEL 19 10 Tin 2SM-5 silicat blev fremstillet i et statisk system ved 149°C (300 F). 400 g 28,5% natriumsilicat (Q-mærke) blev tilsat til en opløsning af 60 g 50% te-tramethylamnioniumchlorid, 15 g SnCl4.5H20, 30 g 98% H2SO4, og 60 g te-trapropylammoniumbromid i 2250 g vand. Blandingen blev omrørt og derpå anbragt i en polypropylenflaske i en autoklav i 5 dage. Produktet var 85% 15 krystallinsk ZSM-5 og bestod af store 5-10 pm krystaller. I denne og de følgende præparationer var de fremstillede zeolitiske silicater ejendommelige ved at have mindst én krystaldimension, der var mindst 0,5 pm, det udviste følgende analyse: 80,4% Si02, 0,30% Al203, 3,78% Sn, 2,00% Na, 7,70% C og 1,05% N.EXAMPLE 19 Tin 2SM-5 silicate was prepared in a static system at 149 ° C (300 F). 400 g of 28.5% sodium silicate (Q label) was added to a solution of 60 g of 50% tetramethylamnionium chloride, 15 g SnCl4.5H2O, 30 g 98% H2SO4, and 60 g te-trapropylammonium bromide in 2250 g water. The mixture was stirred and then placed in a polypropylene bottle in an autoclave for 5 days. The product was 85% 15 crystalline ZSM-5 and consisted of large 5-10 µm crystals. In this and the following preparations, the zeolitic silicates produced were characterized by having at least one crystal dimension of at least 0.5 µm, showing the following analysis: 80.4% SiO 2, 0.30% Al 2 O 3, 3.78% Sn, 2.00% Na, 7.70% C and 1.05% N.

20 EKSEMPEL 20EXAMPLE 20

En anden tinholdig ZSM-5 prøve blev syntetiseret ved opløsning af 0,69 g Sn(ll)S04 i 170 g deioniseret vand, hvorefter der blev tilsat 3,39 g NaOH. Der 25 blev yderligere tilsat 6,38 g tetrapropylamnioniumbromid. Blandingen blev overført til en 300 ml rustfri stål autoklav, og 16,0 g silicagel (SPEX Ind.) med lavt aluminium-indhold blev tilsat under omrøring, Den med denne reaktionsblanding dannede hydrogel beskrives ved følgende molforhold: 30 Si02/Sn : H20/Sn : OH-/Si02 : Na+/Si02 : TPA+Si02 75 40 0,30 0,35 0,10Another tin-containing ZSM-5 sample was synthesized by dissolving 0.69 g of Sn (II) SO4 in 170 g of deionized water, after which 3.39 g of NaOH was added. There was further added 6.38 g of tetrapropylamnionium bromide. The mixture was transferred to a 300 ml stainless steel autoclave and 16.0 g of low aluminum silica gel (SPEX Ind.) Was added with stirring. The hydrogel formed with this reaction mixture is described at the following molar ratio: 30 SiO 2 / Sn: H 2 O / Sn: OH- / SiO2: Na + / SiO2: TPA + SiO2 75 40 0.30 0.35 0.10

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 30 II 30 I

I Hydrogelen blev reageret ved 160°C i 5 dage under omrøring (400 omdr/min) IThe hydrogel was reacted at 160 ° C for 5 days with stirring (400 rpm) I

inden bratkøling. Det resulterende krystallinske produkt blev behandlet på Ibefore quenching. The resulting crystalline product was treated on I

almindelig vis ved filtrering, vask og tørring. Røntgendiffraktionsanalyse af Iin conventional manner by filtration, washing and drying. X-ray diffraction analysis of I

I produktzeoliten viste, at den var 100% krystallinsk ZSM-5. SEM indikerede IIn the product zeolite, it was shown to be 100% crystalline ZSM-5. SEM indicated I

I 5 en gennemsnitskrystalstørrelse, der var større end 2 pm. IIn 5 an average crystal size greater than 2 pm. IN

I EKSEMPEL 21 IEXAMPLE 21 I

I En tinholdig ZSM-5 prøve blev syntetiseret som i eksempel 20 med undta- IIn a tin-containing ZSM-5 sample was synthesized as in Example 20 with the exception of I

I 10 gelse af, at Si02/Sn-forholdet var 150 og Na+/Si02-forholdet var 0,31. Det kry- IAssuming that the SiO 2 / Sn ratio was 150 and the Na + / SiO 2 ratio was 0.31. It gets you

I stallinske ZSM-5 produkt indeholdt 1,36% Sn, 0,0025% Al, 0,93% Na, og IIn stalline ZSM-5 product contained 1.36% Sn, 0.0025% Al, 0.93% Na, and I

I 89,31 % aske. IIn 89.31% ash. IN

I EKSEMPEL 22 IEXAMPLE 22 I

I 15 II 15 I

I En tinholdig ZSM-5 prøve blev syntetiseret som i eksempel 20 med undta- IIn a tin-containing ZSM-5 sample was synthesized as in Example 20 with the exception of I

gelse af, at Si02/Sn forholdet var 50, Na+/Si02-forholdet var 0,38 og syntese- Ithat the SiO 2 / Sn ratio was 50, the Na + / SiO 2 ratio was 0.38 and synthesis I

tiden var 4 dage. Ithe time was 4 days. IN

I 20 II 20 I

I EKSEMPEL 23 IEXAMPLE 23 I

I En tinholdig ZSM-5 prøve blev syntetiseret ved et Si02/Sn-forhold på 38, et IA tin-containing ZSM-5 sample was synthesized at a SiO 2 / Sn ratio of 38, an I

I Na+/Si02-forhold på 0,40 og en syntesetid på 3 dage. IIn Na + / SiO 2 ratio of 0.40 and a synthetic time of 3 days. IN

I 25 II 25 I

I Inkorporeringen af tin blev foretaget under zeolitsyntesen i eksemplerne 19- IThe incorporation of tin was made during the zeolite synthesis of Examples 19-1

I 23, dvs. der blev tilsat tinsalte direkte til højsilica ZSM-5 synteseblandingen. II 23, i.e. tin salts were added directly to the high silica ZSM-5 synthesis mixture. IN

I SEM data antyder, at en væsentlig del at tinnet befinder sig uden for de dan- IIn the SEM data, a significant part of the tin is outside the form

nede store krystaller. Ikke desto mindre må der befinde sig noget tin inde i Idown big crystals. Nevertheless, there must be some tin inside you

I 30 ZSM-5 krystallerne, da det modificerer selektiviteten af platin, der i sig selv er IIn the 30 ZSM-5 crystals as it modifies the selectivity of platinum which itself is

intrakrystallinsk. Iintracrystalline. IN

31 DK 175802 B1 EKSEMPEL 24EXAMPLE 24

Der blev inkorporeret platin i silicateme i eksemplerne 19*23. De frisk syntetiserede tinsilicater blev først kalcineret i nitrogen og derefter i luft ved 520°C.Platinum was incorporated into the silicates in Examples 19 * 23. The freshly synthesized tin silicates were first calcined in nitrogen and then in air at 520 ° C.

5 De kalcinerede materialer blev ionudbyttet med vandig Pt(NH3)4CI2 ved stuetemperatur. Der blev typisk anvendt 15-20 mg pr g silicat i et ikke-surt vandigt medium. De platintetraminholdige silicater blev derpå kalcineret i oxygen til 350°C ved 0,5°C/min.The calcined materials were ion exchanged with aqueous Pt (NH 3) 4 Cl 2 at room temperature. Typically, 15-20 mg per g of silicate was used in a non-acidic aqueous medium. The platinum tetramine-containing silicates were then calcined in oxygen to 350 ° C at 0.5 ° C / min.

10 Grundstofanalyse af tinsilicatet i eksempel 20 efter inkorporering af platin viste Pt = 0,92%, Sn 2-7%, Na = 0,89%.Elemental analysis of the tin silicate in Example 20 after incorporation of platinum showed Pt = 0.92%, Sn 2-7%, Na = 0.89%.

Grundstofanalyse af tinsilicatet i eksempel 19 efter inkorporering af platin viste Pt 0,65%, Sn= 3,50%, Al = 0,093%.Elemental analysis of the tin silicate in Example 19 after incorporation of platinum showed Pt 0.65%, Sn = 3.50%, Al = 0.093%.

1515

Grundstofanalyse af tinsilicatet i eksempel 21 efter inkorporering af platin viste Pt = 0,80%, Sn = 1,54%, Al = 31 ppm.Elemental analysis of the tin silicate in Example 21 after incorporation of platinum showed Pt = 0.80%, Sn = 1.54%, Al = 31 ppm.

EKSEMPEL 25 20EXAMPLE 25

Der blev fremstillet en opløsning af 11,3 g SnCI2-H20 i 100 ml methanol. Til denne opløsning blev der tilsat 20 g af en prøve af H-ZSM-5 (silica:alumina-forhold på 70:1). Derefter blev der endvidere tilsat 2,5 ml at en vandig opløsning af H2PtC16 (1,3 g) til opløsningen. Blandingen fik lov at stå i 4 h. Produk-25 tet blev dekanteret, vasket med 10 x 100 ml 3A denatureret alcohol og fik lov at stå natten over. under 100 ml 3-A. [3-A refererer til en dessicant fra Linde].A solution of 11.3 g of SnCl 2 -H 2 O in 100 ml of methanol was prepared. To this solution was added 20 g of a sample of H-ZSM-5 (silica: alumina ratio of 70: 1). Then 2.5 ml of an aqueous solution of H2 PtCl 16 (1.3 g) was added to the solution. The mixture was allowed to stand for 4 hours. The product was decanted, washed with 10 x 100 ml of 3A denatured alcohol and allowed to stand overnight. under 100 ml of 3-A. [3-A refers to a dessicant from Linde].

Produktet blev dekateret, vasket med 100 ml 3-A og ovntørret ved 100°C.The product was decanted, washed with 100 ml of 3-A and oven dried at 100 ° C.

Det i eksempel 25 fremstillede materiale var surt og er derfor ikke en del af 30 opfindelsen. Blandingen i eksempel 25 udviste egenskaber, der var forskellige fra den ikke-sure platin tin-ZSM-5 ifølge opfindelsen som nedenfor vist: !The material of Example 25 was acidic and is therefore not part of the invention. The mixture of Example 25 exhibited properties different from the non-acidic platinum tin-ZSM-5 of the invention as shown below:

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 32 II 32 I

I Ikke-sur Surt IIn Non-Acid Acid I

I katalysator ifølge materiale IIn catalyst according to material I

I opfindelsen fra eksempel 25 IIn the invention of Example 25 I

I 5 a-værd i i He 424 62 II 5 a-worth i in He 424 62 I

I 1 h i strømning IFor 1 hour in flow I

I Benzen selektivi- 50,4 2,0 IIn Benzene selective- 50.4 2.0 I

I tet fra α-værdi IIn tet from α value I

IIN

1 10 I1 10 I

I Til ovennævnte material tilførtes hexan, og den numeriske værdi, der beteg- ITo the above material was added hexane, and the numerical value signifying I

I nes α i foregående tabel, anvendes som hexanomdannelsesaktiviteten. Af IThe nes α of the previous table are used as the hexane conversion activity. By I

ovenstående resultater fremgår det, at blandingen ifølge opfindelsen havde IThe above results show that the mixture according to the invention had I

I større hexanomdannelsesaktivitet end blandingen i eksempel 25, og i α- IIn greater hexane conversion activity than the mixture of Example 25, and in α-I

I 15 værdi testen udviste den her omhandlede katalysator større selektivitet for IIn the 15 value test, the catalyst in question exhibited greater selectivity for I

I hexanomdannelse til benzen. IIn hexane conversion to benzene. IN

I EKSEMPEL 26 IEXAMPLE 26 I

I 20 Nogle af de i eksempel 24 anvendte katalysatorers evne til at aromatisere η- II The ability of some of the catalysts used in Example 24 to aromatize η-I

I heptan til toluen blev vurderet ved 538°C og 30 torr (4 kPa) heptan i nitrogen, IIn heptane to toluene was evaluated at 538 ° C and 30 torr (4 kPa) heptane in nitrogen, I

I Der blev indført heptan i reaktoren i en nitrogenstrøm, der strømmede gen- IHeptane was introduced into the reactor in a stream of nitrogen flowing through it

I nem en forstøver indeholdende heptan ved 15-20°C. Tilstedeværelsen af tin i IEasy in a nebulizer containing heptane at 15-20 ° C. The presence of tin in I

I disse Pt/ZSM-5 katalysatorer forhøjede toluenudbyttet betragteligt og nedsat- IIn these Pt / ZSM-5 catalysts, the toluene yield increased significantly and decreased.

25 te mængden at dannet methan. Nogle at de fundne data fremgår af det føl- I25 te amount of methane formed. Some that the data found appear in the following

I génde. Scandium-, Titan-, og borholdige Pt/ZSM-5 katalysatorer, fremstillet II would. Scandium, Titanium, and boron containing Pt / ZSM-5 catalysts, prepared I

I på lignende måde, medtages af sammenligningshensyn. De viste udbytter er IIn a similar way, are included for comparison purposes. The yields shown are I

I på hydrogen-fri vægtbasis. II on a hydrogen-free weight basis. IN

I 30 II 30 I

33 DK 175802 B1 ! Katalysator- Kildemate- Omdannelse CH4- Toluen- Toluen-selek- ! materiale riale udbytte udbytte tivitet for SnZSM-533 DK 175802 B1! Catalyst - Source Feeder - Conversion CH4- Toluene- Toluene Selection! material yield yield yield tivity for SnZSM-5

Pt/SnZSM-5 Eks. 21 91,7% 6,5% 53,0% 57,8%Pt / SnZSM-5 Ex. 21 91.7% 6.5% 53.0% 57.8%

Pt/SnZSM-5 Eks. 19 95,1% 1,5% 82,3% 86,5% pt/SnZSM-5 Eks. 20 97,7% 0,3% 95,4% 97,7%Pt / SnZSM-5 Ex. 19 95.1% 1.5% 82.3% 86.5% pt / SnZSM-5 Ex. 97.7% 0.3% 95.4% 97.7%

Pt/SnZSM-5 Eks. 22 99,7% 0,6% 94,5% 94,8%Pt / SnZSM-5 Ex. 22 99.7% 0.6% 94.5% 94.8%

Pt/SnZSM-5 Eks. 23 98,4% 0,2% 96,4% 98,1%Pt / SnZSM-5 Ex. 98.4% 0.2% 96.4% 98.1%

Pt/SCZSM-5 96,3% 15,4% 37,5% 38,9% | Pt/TiZSM-5 96,1% 18,9% 30,6% 31,8% i Pt/B-ZSM-5 94,7% 19,6% 28,6% 30,2% j EKSEMPEL 27 5Pt / SCZSM-5 96.3% 15.4% 37.5% 38.9% | Pt / TiZSM-5 96.1% 18.9% 30.6% 31.8% in Pt / B-ZSM-5 94.7% 19.6% 28.6% 30.2% j EXAMPLE 27

De platinudbyttede katalysatorer i eksempel 20 og 23 blev anvendt til reforming af et hyd robeha ndiet Arab-let naphta, kogeinterval 82-121 eC (180-250 F), ved 540°C (1000 F) og atmosfærisk tryk (100 kPa) i nitrogen. Resultaterne fremgår af nedenstående: 10The platinum-exchanged catalysts in Examples 20 and 23 were used to reform a hydrolyzed Arab-light naphta, boiling range 82-121 eC (180-250 F), at 540 ° C (1000 F) and atmospheric pressure (100 kPa) nitrogen. The results are as follows: 10

Katalysator Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 Pt/Sn-ZSM-5Catalyst Pt / Sn-ZSM-5 Pt / Sn-ZSM-5

Kildemat. for SnZSM-5 Eks. 20 Eks. 23 WHSV 4,0 2,0 N2/HC 3 4 ! 15 r ! ! 20Kildemat. for SnZSM-5 Ex. Ex. 23 WHSV 4.0 2.0 N2 / HC 3 4! 15 r! ! 20

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 34 II 34 I

Fødesammen· IBirthplace · I

I j sætning. Produkt (H2-fri vægtbasis) IIn j theorem. Product (H2-free weight basis) I

I ! C1-C4 0 0,74% 0,69% II! C1-C4 0.74% 0.69% I

I ^ 2-MeCs 9,35% 5,75% 5,31% ' I2-MeCs 9.35% 5.75% 5.31% 1

I 5 3-MeCs 7,11% 4,32% 3,88% II 5 3-MeCs 7.11% 4.32% 3.88% I

I nC6 24,22% 3,27% 5,13% ‘ II nC6 24.22% 3.27% 5.13% I

I Benzen 2,12% 24,35% 24,83% II Benzene 2.12% 24.35% 24.83% I

I 2-MeCe 8,41% 5,24% 4,69% II 2-MeCe 8.41% 5.24% 4.69% I

I 3-MeCe 7,22% 3,90% 3,52% II 3-MeCe 7.22% 3.90% 3.52% I

I 10 n-C7 17,05% 1,21% 3,17% IIn n-C7 17.05% 1.21% 3.17% I

I Toluen 3,23% 21,62% 24,21% IIn Toluene 3.23% 21.62% 24.21% I

I Der blev observeret selektiv omdannelse at normale paraffiner til aromater. ISelective conversion of normal paraffins to aromatics was observed. IN

I 15 EKSEMPEL 28 IEXAMPLE 28 I

I Der blev udført et udvidet forsøg med let naphta reforming over en 0,9% II An extended trial of light naphta reform over a 0.9% I was performed

I Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 katalysator ifølge eksempel 20 som vist i fig. 3. Udgangstempe- IIn the Pt / Sn-ZSM-5 catalyst of Example 20 as shown in FIG. 3. Output temp- I

I raturen ved indløbet var 527°C og blev gradvis forøget til 550°C. Start-WHSV IThe inlet at the inlet was 527 ° C and gradually increased to 550 ° C. Starting WHSV I

20 var 1,35 og senere 1,0. On-line GC-udbytter for såvel benzen som toluen I20 was 1.35 and later 1.0. On-line GC yields for both benzene and toluene I

I fremgår af fig. 5. Dannelsen af C1-C4 lette gasser var ret lav: efter 45 timers IReferring to FIG. 5. The formation of C1-C4 light gases was quite low: after 45 hours I

I drift var der dannet ca. 0,6% lette gasser og efter 300 timers drift ca. 1,5%. IIn operation, approx. 0.6% light gases and after 300 hours of operation approx. 1.5%. IN

I Under hele forsøget blev det flydende produkt opsamlet i et CaC^-isbad ved IDuring the entire experiment, the liquid product was collected in a CaCl 2 ice bath at 1

25 ca. -40°C. Den samlede væskegenindvinding var 90-92 vægt-% på basis af I25 approx. -40 ° C. The total fluid recovery was 90-92% by weight based on I

I fedningen. De målte forsøgsoktantal (RON+O) i de forskellige indsamlede IIn the grease. The measured experimental octane numbers (RON + O) in the different I collected

I fraktioner varierede fra 97 efter 1 dags drift til over 92 efter 12 dage. De fly- IIn fractions ranged from 97 after 1 day of operation to over 92 after 12 days. They fly- I

dende produkter indeholdt betragtelige mængder olefiner som vist ved deres Ithese products contained considerable quantities of olefins as shown by their I

I brom-tal, der lå i intervallet 44-33. IIn bromine numbers that ranged from 44-33. IN

I 30 II 30 I

I Disse platin/tin ZSM-5 katalysatorers meget høje selektiviteter og deres tilsy- IIn the very high selectivities of these platinum / tin ZSM-5 catalysts and their availability

I neladende stabilitet i fravær af tilsat hydrogen gør dem til ideelle kandidater IIn letting stability in the absence of added hydrogen make them ideal candidates I

I som reforming-katalysatorer. II as reforming catalysts. IN

35 DK 175802 B1 EKSEMPEL 29EXAMPLE 29

Aromatisering af en hydrobehandlet C6-C7 let naphta blev undersøgt over en 1,6% Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 (analyse heraf viste 1,6% Pt; 3,0 Sn; 0,64 Na og mindre 5 end 59 ppm Al203) i hydrogen ved et H2/CH forhold på 1 ved atmosfærisk tryk og 1 WHSV. Temperaturen lå i intervallet 520-538°C i en periode på 14 dage. Der blev genindvundet flydende produkter i udbytter over 90 vægt-% baseret på udgangsmateri alet. De opsamlede produkters RON var 97-98.Aromatization of a hydrotreated C6-C7 light naphta was studied over a 1.6% Pt / Sn-ZSM-5 (analysis thereof showed 1.6% Pt; 3.0 Sn; 0.64 Na and less than 59 ppm Al 2 O 3 ) in hydrogen at a H2 / CH ratio of 1 at atmospheric pressure and 1 WHSV. The temperature ranged from 520-538 ° C for a period of 14 days. Liquid products were recovered in yields above 90% by weight based on starting material. The RON of the collected products was 97-98.

10 Ovennævnte forsøg blev fortsat ved 239 kPa og 538-550°C. Det flydende produkt, der blev genindvundet i et udbytte på 85 vægt-% efter i alt 25 dages drift, havde en RON på 97 og MOT (motoroktantal) på 83.The above experiment was continued at 239 kPa and 538-550 ° C. The liquid product, which was recovered in a yield of 85% by weight after a total of 25 days of operation, had a RON of 97 and MOT (engine octane number) of 83.

EKSEMPEL 30 15EXAMPLE 30

Der blev fremstillet et silica-bundet ekstrudat Pt/SN-ZSM-5, der blev anvendt til naphta-reforming. En høj silica tinholdig ZSM-5 blev fremstillet som ovenfor nævnt. Den indeholdt 6,84% C, 0,61% N, 5,31% Sn, 0,0057% Al, 1,04%A silica-bound extrudate Pt / SN-ZSM-5 was used which was used for naphtha reforming. A high silica tin-containing ZSM-5 was prepared as mentioned above. It contained 6.84% C, 0.61% N, 5.31% Sn, 0.0057% Al, 1.04%

Na og 79,9% Si02. Det silica-bundne ekstrudat indeholdende 35% silicabin-20 demiddel blev fremstillet som beskrevet i US patentskrift nr. 4,582,815.Na and 79.9% SiO 2. The silica-bound extrudate containing 35% silicabine binder was prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,582,815.

Det tørre ekstrudat blev kalcineret i nitrogen ved 540°C (1000 F) og derpå ionudbyttet med Pt(NH3)4CI2. Den platinholdige katalysator blev derpå kalcineret i 02 ved 350°C. Den endelige katalysatorsammensætning udviste føl-25 gende analyse: 0,78% Pt, 3,66% Sn, 0,33% Na og 0,23% Al203.The dry extrudate was calcined in nitrogen at 540 ° C (1000 F) and then the ion yield with Pt (NH 3) 4 Cl 2. The platinum-containing catalyst was then calcined in O 2 at 350 ° C. The final catalyst composition showed the following analysis: 0.78% Pt, 3.66% Sn, 0.33% Na and 0.23% Al2 O3.

En forbehandlet C6-C7 let naphta blev reformet over ovennævnte katalysator i hydrogen ved et H2/HC forhold på 1, ved 1 WHSV, atmosfærisk tryk, og 538°C. Det flydende produkt, der blev genindvundet i et udbytte på over 90 30 vægt-%, havde en RON over 95,6.A pretreated C6-C7 light naphta was reformed over the above catalyst in hydrogen at a H 2 / HC ratio of 1, at 1 WHSV, atmospheric pressure, and 538 ° C. The liquid product recovered in a yield of over 90% by weight had an RON above 95.6.

DK 175802 B1 IDK 175802 B1 I

36 I36 I

EKSEMPEL 31 IEXAMPLE 31 I

En blanding af Ce-Cg normale paraffiner (25% C6, 29% C7, 25% C8 og 20% IA mixture of Ce-Cg normal paraffins (25% C6, 29% C7, 25% C8 and 20% I

Cg) blev reformet over en Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 (analyse heraf viste 1,5% Pt; 2,7%Cg) was reformed over a Pt / Sn-ZSM-5 (analysis thereof showed 1.5% Pt; 2.7%

5 Sn, 0,63% Na og 72 ppm AI2O3) katalysator i hydrogen ved et H2/HC forhold I5 Sn, 0.63% Na and 72 ppm Al 2 O 3) catalyst in hydrogen at a H2 / HC ratio I

på 1, ved atmosfærisk tryk, 1 WHSV og 538°C. Det flydende produkt, der Iof 1, at atmospheric pressure, 1 WHSV and 538 ° C. The liquid product which you

blev genindvundet i et udbytte på 84 vægt-% havde en RON på 100. Sn- Iwas recovered in a yield of 84% by weight had a RON of 100. Sn-I

ZSM-5 blev fremstillet ifølge eksempel 20. IZSM-5 was prepared according to Example 20. I

10 EKSEMPEL 32 IEXAMPLE 32 I

Et model-udgangsmateriale bestående af n-heptan og methylkcyclopentan i IA model starting material consisting of n-heptane and methylcyclopentane in I

vægtforholdet 3:1 blev reformet over en ikke-sur Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 katalysator Ithe 3: 1 weight ratio was reformed over a non-acidic Pt / Sn-ZSM-5 catalyst I

indeholdende 1,5% Pt, 2,7% Sn, 0,63% Na og 72 ppm AI2O3. Betingelserne Icontaining 1.5% Pt, 2.7% Sn, 0.63% Na, and 72 ppm Al 2 O 3. The conditions I

15 var 1 WHSV, 860 kPa (110 psig), og 538eC. De anvendte fortyndingsmiddel- I15 were 1 WHSV, 860 kPa (110 psig), and 538 ° C. The diluent used I

forhold var 4:1:1 og.6:1:1 N2:H2:HC. Det viste sig, at en forhøjelse af fortyn- Iratios were 4: 1: 1 and.6: 1: 1 N2: H2: HC. It turned out that an increase in dilution

dingsmiddelforholdet bevirkede forøgelse af aromatud byttet (toluen), medens Ithe ratio of agent to agent increased the aromatide exchange (toluene) while I

mængden af resterende ureageret heptan aftog. Samtidig reduceredes tabet Ithe amount of residual unreacted heptane decreased. At the same time, loss I was reduced

til CrC5 lette carbonhydrider fra 6,5 vægt-% til 4,0 vægt-%. Ito CrC5, hydrocarbons are lightened from 6.5% to 4.0% by weight. IN

20 I20 I

EKSEMPEL 33 IEXAMPLE 33 I

Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 ifølge eksempel 30 blev anvendt til dehydrogenering af η- IPt / Sn-ZSM-5 of Example 30 was used to dehydrogenate η-I

pentan under anvendelse at en glasreaktor med nedadgående strømning Ipentane using a downward flow glass reactor I

25 indeholdende 1,2 g af katalysatoren. Der blev indført pentan i reaktoren i en IContaining 1.2 g of the catalyst. Pentane was introduced into the reactor in an I

nitrogenstrøm, der passerede gennem en forstøver indeholdende pentan ved Initrogen flow passing through an atomizer containing pentane at I

0°C. Reaktionen blev udført ved 538°C, i atm. tryk, og 27 kPa pentan i nitro- I0 ° C. The reaction was carried out at 538 ° C, in atm. pressure, and 27 kPa pentane in nitro- I

gen.gene.

30 Efter ca. 20 timers drift var omdannelsen af n-pentan 68% g tabet til C4- I30 After approx. At 20 hours of operation, the conversion of n-pentane was 68% of the loss to C4-I

carbonhydrider mindre end 1,7%. Ihydrocarbons less than 1.7%. IN

37 DK 175802 B137 DK 175802 B1

Den sammensætningsmæssige analyse af væsken, der blev indsamlet i løbet at driftsperioden, fremgår af nedenstående tabel 6:The compositional analysis of the liquid collected during the operating period is shown in Table 6 below:

Tabel 6 5Table 6 5

Det flydende produkts sammensætningThe composition of the liquid product

Komponent Vægt-%Component Weight%

CrC4 1,5% 10 n-pentan 25,5% iso-pentan 1,3%CrC4 1.5% n-pentane 25.5% iso-pentane 1.3%

Penten-1 6,7% trans-penten-2 16,6% cis-penten-2 9,3% 15 3-methylbuten-1 0,9% 2-methylbuten-1 4,4% 2-methylbuten-2 8,0%Penten-1 6.7% trans-penten-2 16.6% cis-penten-2 9.3% 3-methylbutene-0.9 0.9% 2-methylbutene-1.4 4.4% 2-methylbutene-28 , 0%

Cyciopentan 0,4%Cyciopentane 0.4%

Cyclopenten 1,5% 20 Cyclopentadien 7,9%Cyclopentadiene 1.5% Cyclopentadiene 7.9%

Ikke-cykliske diener 16,0%Non-cyclic dienes 16.0%

Resultaterne indikerer, at dehydrogenering og dehydrocyklisering konkurrerer effektivt med hydrogenolyse over denne katalysator, og at de endvidere 25 dominerer over struktur-isomerisation.The results indicate that dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization effectively compete with hydrogenolysis over this catalyst and that they further dominate over structural isomerization.

Det genindvundne flydende produkt havde en målt klar RON på 97,1, Den faktiske RON for dehydrogeneringsprodukteme fra pentan må være endnu højere, da det totale produkt stadig indeholdt 25% n-pentan, der har en RON 30 på 63.The recovered liquid product had a measured clear RON of 97.1. The actual RON of pentane dehydrogenation products must be even higher as the total product still contained 25% n-pentane having a RON 30 of 63.

iin

I DK 175802 B1 II DK 175802 B1 I

I 38 II 38 I

I EKSEMPEL 34 . IIn Example 34. IN

I En strøm af ethylbenzen (10 torr (ca. 1,3 kPa)) i nitrogen blev ført over et IIn a stream of ethyl benzene (10 torr (about 1.3 kPa)) in nitrogen was passed over an I

I 1,8% Pt/Sn-ZSM-5 katalysatormateriale ved atmosfærisk tryk, 0,4 WHSV, og IIn 1.8% Pt / Sn-ZSM-5 catalyst material at atmospheric pressure, 0.4 WHSV, and I

I 5 538°C. On-line GC-analyse viste et styrenudbytte på 74% med en selektivitet IAt 5 538 ° C. On-line GC analysis showed a styrene yield of 74% with a selectivity I

I på 89%. II at 89%. IN

I EKSEMPEL 35 IEXAMPLE 35 I

I 10 En ældet prøve af den i eksempel 34 anvendte katalysator blev anvendt til II An aged sample of the catalyst used in Example 34 was used for I

I undersøgelse at dehydrogenering af 3-methylpentan ved atmosfærisk tryk, 1 IIn study that dehydrogenation of 3-methylpentane at atmospheric pressure, 1 I

I WHSV og 538°C i en blanding af N2og H2 ved et forhold på 4:1:1 i forhold til IIn WHSV and 538 ° C in a mixture of N2 and H2 at a ratio of 4: 1: 1 to I

I carbonhydrid. Ved 20% omsætning var selektivitet for methylpenten ca. 65%. IIn hydrocarbon. At 20% turnover, selectivity for methyl pentene was approx. 65%. IN

I 15 EKSEMPEL 36 IEXAMPLE 36 I

I Katalysatoren ifølge eksempel 35 blev anvendt til undersøgelse af dehydro- IThe catalyst of Example 35 was used to study dehydro-I

genering af methylcyclopentan under lignende betingelser med undtagelse Igenerating methylcyclopentane under similar conditions with the exception of I

I af, at det totale tryk var 790 kPa (1000 psig). Ved 18% omdannelse blev der IIn that the total pressure was 790 kPa (1000 psig). At 18% conversion, you became

20 observeret methylcyclopenten som det væsentligste produkt med ca. 45% I20 observed the methylcyclopentene as the major product with ca. 45% I

I selektivitet. IIn selectivity. IN

I Upgraderingen af n-pentan via dehydrogenering til olefiniske og cykliske C5- II The upgrade of n-pentane via dehydrogenation to olefinic and cyclic C5-I

I carbonhydrider over en ikke-sur tin-modificeret Pt-ZSM-5 katalysator synes IIn hydrocarbons over a non-acidic tin-modified Pt-ZSM-5 catalyst, I

25 at frembyde et attraktivt alternativ til pentanisomerisation som et middel til I25 to provide an attractive alternative to pentane isomerization as a means for I

I forøgelse af oktantallet i denne fraktion, mens det samtidigt reducerer det IIncreasing the octane number in this fraction while simultaneously reducing it

I totale damptryk. IIn total vapor pressure. IN

I Mens isomerisation af n-pentan til en ligevægtsblanding af isopentan og n- : IWhile isomerization of n-pentane to an equilibrium mixture of isopentane and n-: I

I 30 pentan giver en blanding med en klar RON på ca. 87, producerede dehydro- IIn 30 pentane gives a mixture with a clear RON of approx. 87, produced dehydro- I

I genering og dehydrocyklicering en væske på 97 RON, uanset at denne inde- IIn degeneracy and dehydrocyclization, a fluid of 97 RON, regardless of its content

I holdt 25% n-pentan. Ca. 10% af det over Pt/Sn-ZSM dannede produkt be- IYou held 25% n-pentane. Ca. 10% of the product formed over Pt / Sn-ZSM is I

39 DK 175802 B1 stod af cyclcopentylforbindelser, 33% lineære olefiner, 13% forgrenede olefi-ner, og ca. 16% ikke-cykliske diener.B1 consisted of cyclopentyl compounds, 33% linear olefins, 13% branched olefins, and approx. 16% non-cyclic dienes.

EKSEMPEL 37 5EXAMPLE 37 5

Thallium ZSM-5 blev syntetiseret ved opløsning af 0,85 g TINO3 i 170,6 g deionseret vand, hvorefter der blev tilsat 2,05 g NaOH-piller. Efter opløsning af al basen blev der tilsat 6,38 g tetrapropylaminoniumbromid (TPABr). Den resulterende opløsning blev overført til en 300 ml rustfri stål autoklav, og 16,0 10 g silicagel (SPEX Ind.) blev omrørt i opløsningen. Den fremstillede hydrogel havde følgende molforhold:Thallium ZSM-5 was synthesized by dissolving 0.85 g of TINO3 in 170.6 g of deionized water and then 2.05 g of NaOH pills were added. After dissolving all the base, 6.38 g of tetrapropylaminonium bromide (TPABr) was added. The resulting solution was transferred to a 300 ml stainless steel autoclave and 16.0 10 g of silica gel (SPEX Ind.) Was stirred in the solution. The hydrogel produced had the following molar ratio:

Si02/Ti20 : H20/Si02: OH-/Si02: Na+/Si02 TPA+/Si02 150 40 0,20 0,21 0,10 15SiO2 / Ti20: H2O / SiO2: OH- / SiO2: Na + / SiO2 TPA + / SiO2 150 40 0.20 0.21 0.10

Hydrogelen blev opvarmet i autoklaven i 4 dage ved 160°C under omrøring ved 400 omdr/min. Produktet blev filtreret, vasket og tørret. Røntgendiffraktionsanalyse viste, at det var 100% krystallinsk ZSM-5.The hydrogel was heated in the autoclave for 4 days at 160 ° C with stirring at 400 rpm. The product was filtered, washed and dried. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that it was 100% crystalline ZSM-5.

20 Grundstofanalyse viste tilstedeværelse af 8,26% C, 1,88% H, 0,74% N, 0,34% Na, 4,33% TI, 80,65% Si02og 0,0095% Al i ZSM-5 produktet.Elemental analysis showed the presence of 8.26% C, 1.88% H, 0.74% N, 0.34% Na, 4.33% TI, 80.65% SiO 2 and 0.0095% Al in the ZSM-5 product .

Katalysatormaterialet blev fremstillet som følger: Det frisk fremstillede thal-liumsilicat blev kalcineret, først i nitrogen og derpå i luft, ved 520°C. Den kal-25 cinerede zeolit indeholdt 2,43% TI, 38 ppm Al, og 43,15% Si.The catalyst material was prepared as follows: The freshly prepared thallium silicate was calcined, first in nitrogen and then in air, at 520 ° C. The calcined zeolite contained 2.43% TI, 38 ppm Al, and 43.15% Si.

Platin blev inkorporeret ved ionbytning med Pt(NH3)4CI2 (15 mg/g zeolit) ved stuetemperatur. TGA ammoniaktitrering i hydrogen indikerede tilstedeværelse af 0,67% Pt. Den platinholdige zeolit blev derpå opvarmet ved 0,5°C/min, i 30 oxygen til 350°C, hvor den blev holdt i 1 h.Platinum was incorporated by ion exchange with Pt (NH 3) 4 Cl 2 (15 mg / g zeolite) at room temperature. TGA ammonia titration in hydrogen indicated the presence of 0.67% Pt. The platinum-containing zeolite was then heated at 0.5 ° C / min, in 30 oxygen to 350 ° C, where it was kept for 1 hour.

I DK 175802 Bl II DK 175802 Bl I

I II I

I EKSEMPEL:38 IIN EXAMPLE: 38 I

I Den "ikke-sure” natur at katalysatoren ifølge 37 blev bekræftet af dens evne IIn the "non-acidic" nature, the catalyst of 37 is confirmed by its ability I

I til at aromatisere n-heptantil toluen i høje udbytter. Ved 538°C og 4 kPa (30 II to aromatize n-heptantil toluene in high yields. At 538 ° C and 4 kPa (30 l

I 5 torr) heptan i nitrogen blev der dannet toluen i .83-88% selektivitet ved en IIn 5 torr of heptane in nitrogen, toluene was formed in .83-88% selectivity at an I

I omsætning på 99%. Det totale benzen- og toluenudbytte var større end 90%. IIn revenue of 99%. The total benzene and toluene yield was greater than 90%. IN

I EKSEMPEL 39 IEXAMPLE 39 I

I 10 Katalysatormaterialet i eksempel 37 blev anvendt til undersøgelse af refer- IThe catalyst material of Example 37 was used to study reference I

I ming af en hydrobehandlet Arab let naphta, kogeinterval 82-121 °C (180-250In the mixture of a hydro-treated Arab light naphtha, boiling range 82-121 ° C (180-250

I F). Reaktionen forløb ved 538°C ved atmosfærisk tryk ved 1,8 WHSV og et II F). The reaction proceeded at 538 ° C at atmospheric pressure at 1.8 WHSV and one I

I N2/HC- forhold på 2,2. De opnåede resultater fremgår af nedenstående: IIn N2 / HC ratio of 2.2. The results obtained are as follows:

I 15 Uda .mat. Produkt % omdannet IFor 15 days. Product% converted I

I C1-C4 0 0.4 II C1-C4 0 0.4 I

I Methylpentaner 16,5 11,6 30% IIn Methylpentanes 16.5 11.6 30% I

I n-hexan 24,2 12,2 50% II n-hexane 24.2 12.2 50% I

I Met.hylhexane 15,6 11,8 24% II Met.hylhexane 15.6 11.8 24% I

I 20 n-heptan 17,1 7,2 58% IIn n-heptane 17.1 7.2 58% I

I Benzen 2,1 14,0 II Benzene 2.1 14.0 I

I Toluen 3,2 11,5 IIn Toluene 3.2 11.5 I

I De ovenfor anførte resultater indikerer stærkt selektiv aromat-dannelse og IIn the above results, highly selective aromatic formation and I

25 meget lav C1-C4 gasproduktion. I25 very low C1-C4 gas production. IN

I EKSEMPEL 40 IEXAMPLE 40 I

I Blyholdig ZSM-5 blev syntetiseret. Der blev fremstillet en opløsning A ved IIn Lead-containing ZSM-5 was synthesized. A solution A at I was prepared

30 opløsning af 3,31 g Pb(N03)2 i 338,8 g deioniseret vand. Der blev fremstillet I30 solution of 3.31 g of Pb (NO3) 2 in 338.8 g of deionized water. I was prepared

I en opløsning B ved opløsning af 12,4 g NaOH i 300 g deionierert vand. 23,94 IIn a solution B by dissolving 12.4 g NaOH in 300 g deionized water. 23.94 I

I g TPA bromid blev derpå opløst i opløsning B, der derefter blev hældt i op- IIn g of TPA bromide was then dissolved in solution B which was then poured into solution

I løsning A. 60,0 g silicagel (SPEX Ind.) blev anbragt i en 1 I rustfri stålauto- IIn solution A. 60.0 g of silica gel (SPEX Ind.) Was placed in a 1 L stainless steel automobile.

DK 175802 B1 41 klav. Opløsningen blev derpå overført til autoklaven, og blandingen blev omrørt i 2 min, inden autoklaven blev lukket. Omrøring og opvarmning påbegyndtes øjeblikkeligt. Den dannede hydrogels sammensætning kan beskrives ved følgende molforhold: 5DK 175802 B1 41 piano. The solution was then transferred to the autoclave and the mixture was stirred for 2 min before closing the autoclave. Stirring and heating started immediately. The composition of the hydrogel formed can be described by the following molar ratios:

SiCtyPb : H2O/S1O2: OH7Si02: Na+/Si02: TPA+/Si02 90 40 0,30 0,34 0,10SiCtyPb: H2O / S1O2: OH7SiO2: Na + / SiO2: TPA + / SiO2 90 40 0.30 0.34 0.10

Zeolitkrystallisationen blev udført ved 160°C under omrøring ved 400 10 omdr/min i 4 dage. ZSM-5 produktet udviste følgende analyse: 7,96% C, 0,7% N, 0,97% Na, 4,0% Pb, 86,48% aske og 235 ppm AI2O3. Inkorporering af platin blev udført som i eksempel 37.The zeolite crystallization was carried out at 160 ° C with stirring at 400 rpm for 4 days. The ZSM-5 product showed the following analysis: 7.96% C, 0.7% N, 0.97% Na, 4.0% Pb, 86.48% ash, and 235 ppm Al 2 O 3. The incorporation of platinum was performed as in Example 37.

----- - - ^----- - - ^

Claims (8)

1. Katalysator omfattende et dehydrogeneringsmetal og et ikke-surt ZSM-5 I I indeholdende indium, tin, thallium eller bly. IA catalyst comprising a dehydrogenation metal and a non-acidic ZSM-5 I containing containing indium, tin, thallium or lead. IN 2. Katalysator ifølge krav 1,kendetegnet ved, at dehydrogeneringsme- I I tallet omfatter 0,1-20 vægt-% af katalysatoren, og indium, tin, thallium eller I I bly omfatter 0,05-20 vægt-% af katalysatoren. I I 10Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehydrogenation medium comprises 0.1-20% by weight of the catalyst, and indium, tin, thallium or 11L lead comprises 0.05-20% by weight of the catalyst. I I 10 3. Katalysator ifølge krav 1,kendetegnet ved, at dehydrogeneringsme- I tallet vælges fra Gruppe VIII metaller, chrom og vanadium. ICatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehydrogenation metal is selected from Group VIII metals, chromium and vanadium. IN 4. Katalysator ifølge krav 1,kendetegnet ved, at dehydrogeneringsme- I I tallet er platin. I I ICatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehydrogenation agent is platinum. I I I 5. Katalysator ifølge krav 1,kendetegnet ved, at ZSM-5 indeholder I I mindre end 0,1 vægt-% aluminium. ICatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that ZSM-5 contains I in less than 0.1% by weight of aluminum. IN 5 I5 I 6. Fremgangsmåde til dehydrogenering af en carbonhydrid reaktant med I I 20 mindst 2 carbonatomer omfattende, at reaktanten bringes i kontakt med kata- I I lysatoren ifølge krav 1 til dannelse af et produkt med samme antal carbona- I I tomer som rektanten og med dets oprindelige hydrogenindhold reduceret I I med mindst 2 hydrogenatomer. I I 25A process for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon reactant having at least 2 carbon atoms comprising contacting the reactant with the catalyst of claim 1 to produce a product having the same number of carbon atoms as the rectant and having its initial hydrogen content reduced II with at least 2 hydrogen atoms. I I 25 7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet ved, at reaktanten har I I mindst 6 carbonatomer, og at reaktionen indebærer i det mindste nogen de- I I hydrocyklisering. I I 30Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the reactant has at least 6 carbon atoms and that the reaction involves at least some dehydrocyclization. I I 30 8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 6 eller krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at reak- I tanten er naphta, og at produktet har højere oktantal end reaktanten. IProcess according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the reactant is naphtha and that the product has a higher octane number than the reactant. IN
DK198900332A 1989-01-26 1989-01-26 Dehydrogenation and dehydro-cyclisation catalysts - based on zeolite doped with indium, tin, thallium or lead DK175802B1 (en)

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