DK174490B1 - Process for the preparation of blanks with fine contours by shaping and crystallizing amorphous alloys - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of blanks with fine contours by shaping and crystallizing amorphous alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
DK174490B1
DK174490B1 DK200100422A DKPA200100422A DK174490B1 DK 174490 B1 DK174490 B1 DK 174490B1 DK 200100422 A DK200100422 A DK 200100422A DK PA200100422 A DKPA200100422 A DK PA200100422A DK 174490 B1 DK174490 B1 DK 174490B1
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pattern
amorphous
matrix
matrices
range
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DK200100422A
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Danish (da)
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Nini Pryds
John A Wert
Soeren Linderoth
Allan Schroeder Pedersen
Morten Eldrup
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Forskningsct Risoe
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Priority to DK200100422A priority Critical patent/DK174490B1/en
Priority to PCT/DK2002/000151 priority patent/WO2002072905A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C45/00Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/005Amorphous alloys with Mg as the major constituent

Description

DK 174490 B1DK 174490 B1

Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et emne med fine konturer, hvor formgivningen foretages ved en mekanisk presningsproces, medens materialet er i amorf tilstand, hvorefter det formgivne emne opvarmes til krystallisationstemperatur eller derover.The invention relates to a process for producing a workpiece with fine contours, the shaping being carried out by a mechanical pressing process while the material is in an amorphous state, after which the molded work is heated to crystallization temperature or above.

5 Et eksempel på et emne med meget fine konturer er en matrice til fremstilling af ter-moplastiske hologrammer. Hologrammer fremstillet af plast har mange sikkerhedsmæssige anvendelser, eksempelvis til at verificere ægtheden af et produkt. Hologrammer repræsenterer et mønster af riller eller forhøjninger tilvejebragt ved at presse et termoplastisk materiale ind i en matrice med det ønskede mønster. Matricen er normalt 10 tilvejebragt ved at deponere et lag plastfotoresist på et substrat og underkaste fotoresisten en belysning med et mønster, der kræves for at tilvejebringe hologrammet. Fotoresisten bliver derefter fremkaldt i en opløsning, som opløser den ikke-eksponerede fotore-sist. Resultatet er et mønster af plastforhøjninger eller øer på substratet. Fra en opløsning er der derefter deponeret et lag nikkel over toppene af plastmønsteret, hvorved der 15 tilvejebringes et metallag af samme mønster som substratet med plastmønsteret. Dette nikkellag er det mønster, der anvendes til fremstilling af termoplasthologrammønstrene.An example of a subject with very fine contours is a matrix for producing thermoplastic holograms. Plastic holograms have many security applications, for example to verify the authenticity of a product. Holograms represent a pattern of grooves or elevations provided by pressing a thermoplastic material into a matrix of the desired pattern. The matrix is usually provided by depositing a layer of plastic photoresist on a substrate and subjecting the photoresist to illumination with a pattern required to provide the hologram. The photoresist is then developed in a solution which dissolves the unexposed photoresist. The result is a pattern of plastic elevations or islands on the substrate. From a solution, a layer of nickel is then deposited over the tops of the plastic pattern, thereby providing a metal layer of the same pattern as the substrate with the plastic pattern. This nickel layer is the pattern used to make the thermoplastic hologram patterns.

Der er følgende begrænsninger ved denne fremstillingsmetode.There are the following limitations to this manufacturing method.

1. Deponeringen af nikkellaget er en kompliceret og langsom proces, der tager flere timer.1. Depositing the nickel layer is a complicated and slow process that takes several hours.

20 2. Fotoresistmønsteret kan kun anvendes til fremstilling af en enkelt nikkelmatrice. Den må tilvejebringes påny for hver ny nikkelmatrice, selvom mønsteret er det samme.2. The photoresist pattern can only be used to produce a single nickel matrix. It must be provided again for each new nickel matrix, even if the pattern is the same.

3. Nikkellaget kan kun krummes i én retning til tilvejebringelse af en krum matrice, som tillader, at der tilvejebringes hologrammer i overfladen af en krum komponent, såsom et rør. Nikkellaget kan imidlertid ikke formes til dobbeltkrumme flader, som ville mulig-25 gøre en formning af hologrammer i plast med mere komplekse flader.3. The nickel layer can only be curved in one direction to provide a curved die which allows holograms to be provided in the surface of a curved component, such as a tube. However, the nickel layer cannot be formed into double curved surfaces which would allow for the formation of plastic holograms with more complex surfaces.

DK 174490 B1 2DK 174490 B1 2

Fra EP 0905269 er der kendt at formgive et emne, medens materialet endnu er i amorf tilstand. De anvendte materialer er af formlen Χ-,Μ^Ι,,Τ^ hvoraf i hvert fald et af elementerne er Zr eller Hf. Et sådant materiale har imidlertid en glasovergangstemperatur og en krystallisationstemperatur, der typisk ligger ved hhv. 375°C og 430°C eller højere.From EP 0905269 it is known to design a workpiece while the material is still in the amorphous state. The materials used are of the formula Χ-, Μ ^ Ι ,, Τ ^ of which at least one of the elements is Zr or Hf. However, such a material has a glass transition temperature and a crystallization temperature typically at, respectively. 375 ° C and 430 ° C or higher.

5 Endvidere kendes fra EP 0470599 en Mg-baseret legering af formlen MgaXcMd. Denne Mg-baserede legering udviser superplacitet i nærheden af krystal lisationstemperaturen.Further, from EP 0470599 an Mg-based alloy of the formula MgaXcMd is known. This Mg-based alloy exhibits super-location near the crystal lysis temperature.

Det er imidlertid ikke omtalt at dette kan udnyttes til at tilvejebringe emner med mønstre af fine konturer.However, it is not mentioned that this can be utilized to provide items with patterns of fine contours.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at anvise en enkel metode til at tilvejebringe et emne med 10 meget fine konturer.The object of the invention is to provide a simple method of providing a blank with very fine contours.

En fremgangsmåde af den indledningsvis nævnte art er ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at det anvendte materiale er Mg* AlyCuzYv, hvor Mg-indholdet ligger i intervallet 60 - 75 atom %, Al-indholdet ligger i intervallet 0-5 atom%, Cu-indholdet ligger i intervallet 15 - 30 atom% og Y-indholdet ligger i intervallet 5-10 atom%. Derved udnytter man, 15 at formgivningen er let at foretage, så længe materialet er i amorf tilstand, idet hærdningen så vil kunne ske efterfølgende, hvorefter yderligere formgivning i det væsentlige ikke vil være mulig. Ved denne fremstillingsmetode bliver det muligt på en simpel måde og ved forholdsvis lave temperaturer at tilvejebringe emner i hårdt materiale, og hvis det ønskes med meget fine konturer, hvilket ikke hidtil har været muligt. Dertil kommer, at 20 der ikke længere er begrænsninger i henseende til overfladeform.According to the invention, a process of the kind mentioned initially is characterized in that the material used is Mg * AlyCuzYv, where the Mg content is in the range 60 - 75 atom%, the Al content is in the range 0-5 atom%, the Cu content is in the range of 15 - 30 atomic% and the Y content is in the range of 5-10 atomic%. Thereby, it is utilized that the molding is easy to carry out as long as the material is in the amorphous state, since the curing will then be possible afterwards, after which further shaping will essentially not be possible. In this method of manufacture, it is possible to provide articles in hard material in a simple manner and at relatively low temperatures, and if desired with very fine contours, which has not hitherto been possible. In addition, there are no longer any restrictions on surface shape.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen vil f.eks. kunne anvendes til fremstilling af matricer, fortrinsvis formningsmatricer, eksempelvis matricer til injektionsformning.The method according to the invention will e.g. could be used to produce matrices, preferably molding matrices, e.g. injection molding matrices.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen vil desuden kunne anvendes til fremstilling af en matrice til tilvejebringelse af et hologram af termoplastisk materiale.In addition, the process of the invention can be used to prepare a die to provide a hologram of thermoplastic material.

3 DK 174490 B13 DK 174490 B1

Opfindelsen skal nærmere forklares i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et tids-temperatur tilstandsdiagram for en amorf legering, fig. 2a og 2b et mønster af rygge, der er dannet på overfladen i den amorfe legering ved at den er blevet presset mod et Ni-substrat a) optaget med et scanning elektronmikroskop 5 og b) optaget med et atomic force mikroskop (lodret skala er 200 nm pr. delestreg, vandret er 500 nm pr. delestreg), fig. 3 en illustration af formgivningen af en legering med et mikrokopisk overflademønster ved hjælp af en form såsom en dom, fig. 4a-e en illustration af en fremgangsmåde ifølge opfindelsen til fremstilling af nitter, 10 fig. 4f et mønster af pletter, der er dannet på overfladen i den amorfe legering ved at den er blevet presset mod en matrice, der benyttes til fremstilling af digitale video discs (DVD). Mønsteret er optaget med et atomic force mikroskop (lodret skala er 300 nm pr. delestreg, vandret er 2 pm pr. delestreg), fig. 5 en illustration af en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et accelorometer og 15 fig. 6 et tandhjulsgear til den i fig. 5 viste konstruktion.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which 1 shows a time-temperature state diagram for an amorphous alloy; FIG. 2a and 2b are a pattern of ridges formed on the surface of the amorphous alloy by being pressed against a Ni substrate a) taken with a scanning electron microscope 5 and b) taken with an atomic force microscope (vertical scale is 200 nm per dash, the horizontal is 500 nm per dash); 3 is an illustration of the design of an alloy having a microcopic surface pattern by means of a mold such as a judgment; FIG. 4a-e are an illustration of a method according to the invention for making rivets; 4f is a pattern of patches formed on the surface of the amorphous alloy by being pressed against a die used to make digital video discs (DVDs). The pattern is recorded with an atomic force microscope (vertical scale is 300 nm per bar, horizontal is 2 pm per bar), fig. 5 is an illustration of a method of manufacturing an accelerometer and FIG. 6 shows a cogwheel gear for the one in FIG. 5.

UdførelseseksemplerEmbodiments

Opfindelsen illustreres i det følgende ved hjælp af nogle eksempler.The invention is illustrated below by some examples.

DK 174490 B1 4DK 174490 B1 4

Eksempel 1Example 1

Anvendelse af legering til fremstilling af en matrice til tilvejebringelse af termoplastiske hologrammer.Use of alloy to make a matrix for providing thermoplastic holograms.

Den kendte metode til fremstilling af hologrammer i plast har som indledningsvis nævnt 5 en række begrænsninger.The known method for producing plastic holograms has as mentioned initially 5 a number of limitations.

Disse begrænsninger afhjælpes ifølge opfindelsen ved anvendelse af en amorf legering som en matrice til fremstilling af termoplastiske hologrammønstre. Dette er demonstreret i det følgende med en Mg baseret legering som et eksempel.These limitations are alleviated according to the invention by using an amorphous alloy as a matrix for producing thermoplastic hologram patterns. This is demonstrated in the following with an Mg based alloy as an example.

\\

En støbt plade af amorft materiale blev tilvejebragt og undersøgt ved røntgenstråledif-10 fraktion, og det blev konstateret, at den udviste et bredt røntgendifffaktogram, der er karakteristiske for det amorfe materiale. Den havde også en mctalglansfremtoning karakteristisk for amorfe metalliske legeringer. Der blev fremstillet en rektangulær plade af den amorfe legering. En nikkelmatrice blev tilvejebragt som indledningsvis beskrevet med et mønster af rygge med en indbyrdes afstand på f.eks. 0,5pm. Mønsteret havde 15 karakter af et diffraktionsgitter. Matricen blev opvarmet til 167°C, og et stykke af den amorfe Mg^CujøYio legering blev presset på nikkelmatricen i 3 min. med en kraft på ca.A cast plate of amorphous material was obtained and examined by X-ray diffraction, and was found to exhibit a wide X-ray diffractogram characteristic of the amorphous material. It also had a metallic luster appearance characteristic of amorphous metallic alloys. A rectangular plate of the amorphous alloy was prepared. A nickel die was provided as initially described with a pattern of ridges spaced apart e.g. 0.5 .mu.m. The pattern had 15 characteristics of a diffraction grating. The matrix was heated to 167 ° C and a piece of the amorphous Mg 2 Cu 2 O 10 alloy was pressed onto the nickel matrix for 3 min. with a force of approx.

2 kN. Ved afkøling udviste den amorfe legering en diffraktionsgitterkarakteristik, hvilket indikerede, at mønsteret af rygge var blevet overført til den amorfe legering. En elektronmikroskopi- og atomic force mikroskopiundersøgelse bekræftede, at der var 20 dannet et mønster af rygge i overfladen af den amorfe legering. Mønsteret af rygge er vist i fig. 2a og et udsnit i detaljer i fig. 2b.2 kN. Upon cooling, the amorphous alloy exhibited a diffraction grating characteristic, indicating that the pattern of ridges had been transferred to the amorphous alloy. An electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy study confirmed that a pattern of ridges had formed in the surface of the amorphous alloy. The pattern of ridges is shown in FIG. 2a and a section in detail in FIG. 2b.

Den amorfe Mg60Cu30Yi0 legering kan teoretisk set anvendes direkte som matrice til fremstilling af plastkomponenter med diffraktionsgitterkarakteristikker. Det er imidlertid relativ blødt i det temperaturområde, hvori termoplastmaterialer sædvanligvis form-25 støbes. Dette begrænser holdbarheden afen matrice afen amorf legering. For at afhjælpe 5 DK 174490 B1 dette kan matricen af den amorfe legering Mg6oCu30Ylo hærdes ved krystallisation over for eksempel 225°C. Derved øges hårdheden af matrialet uden nævneværdige dimensionsændringer af mønsteret. Ved denne metode kan der tilvejebringes en hård matrice med følgende fordele.The amorphous Mg60Cu30Yi0 alloy can theoretically be used directly as a matrix for the production of plastic components with diffraction grating characteristics. However, it is relatively soft in the temperature range in which thermoplastic materials are usually molded. This limits the durability of a matrix of amorphous alloy. To remedy this, the matrix of the amorphous alloy Mg6oCu30Ylo can be cured by crystallization above, for example, 225 ° C. Thereby, the hardness of the material is increased without significant dimensional changes of the pattern. By this method, a hard matrix can be provided with the following advantages.

5 Der vil kunne fremstilles et stort antal metalmatricer ud fra et og samme nikkelmønster.5 A large number of metal matrices can be made from one and the same nickel pattern.

Den langsomme proces af at tilvejebringe et mønster i fotoresist og deponere et Ni-lag derover skal kun foretages én gang.The slow process of providing a photoresist pattern and depositing a Ni layer over it must be done only once.

Fremstillingen af matricer af en amorf legering ud fra Ni-matricen kræver kun nogle få procestrin for hver matrice.The preparation of matrices of an amorphous alloy from the Ni matrix requires only a few process steps for each matrix.

10 Efter at mønsteret er tilvejebragt i den amorfe legering ud fra den flade Ni-matrice, kan det amorfe legeringsstykke med mønsteret i temperaturområdet mellem glasovergangs-og krystallisationstemperaturen formes til enhver ønsket form. Dobbeltkrumme matricer med hologrammer vil også kunne tilvejebringes ved formning af materialslykket med hologrammønsteret over en dom 5 af en given form - se fig. 3. Derefter kan den amorfe 15 legeringsmatrice underkastes en krystallisationshærdning ved en opvarmning til over krystallisationstemperaturen.After the pattern is provided in the amorphous alloy from the flat Ni matrix, the amorphous alloy piece with the pattern in the temperature range between the glass transition and crystallization temperature can be formed to any desired shape. Double-curved matrices with holograms can also be provided by forming the material stroke with the hologram pattern over a judgment 5 of a given shape - see fig. 3. Then, the amorphous alloy matrix can be subjected to a crystallization cure by heating to above the crystallization temperature.

Eksempel 2Example 2

Anvendelse af legeringen til fremstilling af matricer til injektionsformning.Use of the alloy for making injection molding matrices.

Små termoplastiske dele bliver injektionsformet under anvendelse af metalforme. For-20 mene er tilvejebragt ved en maskinel bearbejdning af individuelle kaviteter i metalstykker med den respektive form og injektionsporte for at muliggøre indpresning af varm termoplast under tryk i matricen. Denne proces anvendes i vidt omfang men er langsom og dyr. Den enkelte matrice må fremstilles individuelt ved en maskinel bearbejdning. Disse DK 174490 B1 6 begrænsninger kan overvindes ved anvendelse af amorfe legeringer som matricemateriale. Den følgende beskrivelse illustrerer fordelene ved at anvende amorft materiale hertil.Small thermoplastic parts are injected using metal molds. The molds are provided by a machining of individual cavities in metal pieces of the respective shape and injection ports to enable hot thermoplastic pressure to be pressed into the die. This process is widely used but is slow and expensive. The individual die must be manufactured individually by machining. These limitations can be overcome by using amorphous alloys as matrix material. The following description illustrates the advantages of using amorphous material therefor.

Når to støbte plader af den amorfe legering er belagt med bomitrid som smøremiddel, opvarmet til ca. 170°C og sammenpresset med et lille hårdt metal eller cn keramisk 5 genstand derimellem, vil de flyde omkring genstanden. For eksempel kan et tryk på 2kN/cm2 i 20 min. ved en temperatur på 167°C anvendes til at forme de amorfe legeringsplader omkring en hård genstand.When two cast plates of the amorphous alloy are coated with boom nitride as a lubricant, heated to approx. 170 ° C and compressed with a small hard metal or ceramic object therebetween, they will float around the object. For example, a pressure of 2kN / cm 2 for 20 min. at a temperature of 167 ° C is used to mold the amorphous alloy plates around a hard object.

Efter afkøling vil smøremidlet tillade, at pladerne adskilles fra genstanden, og en tro indtrykning af genstanden bliver tilbage. Pladerne med indtrykningen kan derefter anven-10 des som matrice for injektionsformning af plast eller metaldele, der har samme form som den originale genstand. Matricen af amorf legering giver en tro gengivelse af forholdsvis små træk, der er mindre end 1 prn. Traditionelle maskinelle operationer kan ikke gengive træk i denne størrelsesorden.After cooling, the lubricant will allow the plates to separate from the article and a true impression of the article remains. The plates with the impression can then be used as a die for injection molding of plastic or metal parts having the same shape as the original article. The matrix of amorphous alloy gives a faithful representation of relatively small features less than 1 prn. Traditional machine operations cannot reproduce features of this magnitude.

Matricen produceret på denne måde skal have porte for injektion afsmelte til støbningen.The die produced in this way must have injection ports melted to the mold.

15 Portene kan indkorporeres som udvidelser til den originale model således at matricen er fuldt funktionsdygtig, når den er fremstillet. Alternativt kan den kun inkludere en presning af genstanden, og portene kan så formes efterfølgende ved anvendelse af kendte maskinelle processer.15 The gates can be incorporated as extensions to the original model so that the matrix is fully functional when manufactured. Alternatively, it can only include a pressing of the article and the gates can then be formed subsequently using known mechanical processes.

Hvis der kræves større temperaturstabilitet, kan matricen krystalliseres efter presning 20 ved opvarmning til over krystallisationstemperaturen. Derved kan matricen under brug modstå temperaturer, der er højere end den oprindelige formningstemperatur. Den lille volumenændring under krystallisationen vil være cn fordel, eftersom den krystalliserede matrice derved ikke vil afvige ret meget i størrelse fra den originale model.If greater temperature stability is required, the matrix can be crystallized after pressing 20 by heating to above the crystallization temperature. In doing so, the die can withstand temperatures higher than the initial molding temperature during use. The small volume change during crystallization will be of no advantage since the crystallized matrix will thereby not differ much in size from the original model.

Fordelen ved denne metode, sammenlignet med kendte matricefremstillingsmetoder, er 25 som følger.The advantage of this method, compared to known matrix fabrication methods, is as follows.

7 DK 174490 B17 DK 174490 B1

Ved den kendte metode til fremstilling af en matrice fremstilles de hårde matriceplader individuelt ved en maskinel bearbejdning. De maskinelle operationer må udføres lige så mange gange som antallet af matricer, enten for at have flere matricer til fremstilling parallel eller til erstatning, efterhånden som matricerne slides og giver anledning til, at 5 de producerede dele afviger fra den ønskede form. Som følge af at matricerne fremstilles individuelt, er dette en langsom og dyr proces, selv med computerstyrede maskinopera-tioner. Ved anvendelse af amorfe legeringer behøver man kun at fremstille en enkelt original genstand maskinelt. Derfra er de amorfe legeringsmatricer formet omkring denne i det ønskede antal eksemplarer.In the known method of producing a die, the hard die sheets are individually manufactured by a machining. The machining operations must be performed as many times as the number of matrices, either to have multiple matrices for production in parallel or to replace as the matrices wear and cause the parts produced to deviate from the desired shape. Because the matrices are manufactured individually, this is a slow and expensive process, even with computer controlled machine operations. With the use of amorphous alloys, only a single original article needs to be machined. From there, the amorphous alloy matrices are formed around this in the desired number of copies.

10 Eksempler på genstande, der fremstilles ved injektionsformning, er plastlegetøj i små dimensioner, medicinske plastanordninger, plastdele for elektronikudstyr m.v..10 Examples of objects manufactured by injection molding are plastic toys in small dimensions, medical plastic devices, plastic parts for electronics equipment, etc.

Eksempel 3Example 3

Anvendelse af amorfe legeringer som indpaknings sikkerhedsanordninger.Use of amorphous alloys as wrapping safety devices.

Hvorledes kan ejeren af dokumenter, fotografier og andre følsomme produkter anbringe 15 disse i en indpakning for at sikre, at ingen vil kunne åbne indpakningen, undersøge indholdet og forsegle den påny. Oprindeligt blev der benyttet voksforseglinger som indhyldnin-ger. Disse er imidlertid forholdsvis lette at bryde og gendanne som følge af, at voks kan blødgøres ved lave temperaturer, og mønsteret eller billedet lagret i voksen er umiddelbart synligt.How can the owner of documents, photographs and other sensitive products place them in a wrapper to ensure that no one will be able to open the wrapper, examine the contents and re-seal it. Initially, wax seals were used as envelopes. However, these are relatively easy to break and recover as wax can be softened at low temperatures and the pattern or image stored in the wax is readily visible.

20 Den grundlæggende ide af at anvende amorfe legeringer som forseglingsnitter som vist i fig. 4 er følgende. En strimmel 11 med små huller i enderne kan anbringes omkring indpakningen. Eller hullerne kan være tilvejebragt i overlappende flige af indpakningen.20 The basic idea of using amorphous alloys as sealing rivets as shown in FIG. 4 is as follows. A strip 11 with small holes at the ends can be placed around the package. Or the holes may be provided in overlapping tabs of the package.

En stift 13 af en amorf legering kan føres gennem hullerne. Stifterne 13 kan tilvejebringes ved at legeringen støbes til et stavformet legeme og skæres i små korte segmenter 25 til dannelse af stifterne.A pin 13 of an amorphous alloy can be passed through the holes. The pins 13 can be provided by molding the alloy into a rod-shaped body and cutting into small short segments 25 to form the pins.

DK 174490 B1 8DK 174490 B1 8

En sådan stift 13 indsættes i hullerne, og en fladtang med to opvarmede plader 15a, 15b klemmes mod stiften 13 - se fig. 4b. Til at begynde med, vil pladerne 15a, 15b have en temperatur under glasovergangstemperaturen af den amorfe legering. Ved tilførsel af klemtrykket bliver varmeanordningeme slået til, ogplademe 15a, 15b begynder at varme 5 op ved en moderat hastighed på f.eks. 10 per sek. Når temperaturen af pladerne 15a, 15b når glasovergangstemperaturen af stiftmaterialet 13, vil enderne af stiften 13 begynde at flyde under klemtrykket, hvorved der dannes en nitte, der forbinder de to flige eller strimler 11 indbyrdes.Such a pin 13 is inserted into the holes and a flat tong with two heated plates 15a, 15b is clamped against the pin 13 - see fig. 4b. For starters, plates 15a, 15b will have a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the amorphous alloy. Upon application of the clamping pressure, the heating devices are turned on and the plates 15a, 15b begin to heat 5 at a moderate speed of e.g. 10 per sec. When the temperature of the plates 15a, 15b reaches the glass transition temperature of the staple material 13, the ends of the pin 13 will begin to flow below the clamping pressure, forming a rivet connecting the two tabs or strips 11 to one another.

Ved at fortsætte opvarmningen af nitten, vil temperaturen af pladerne 15a, 15b overstige 10 krystallisationstemperaturen af legeringen. Nitten vil derved krystallisere, og materialet modstår yderligere flydning. Forseglingsprocessen er nu tilendebragt.By continuing to heat the rivet, the temperature of the plates 15a, 15b will exceed the crystallization temperature of the alloy. The rivet will thereby crystallize and the material resists further flow. The sealing process is now complete.

Ved at fremstille en unik plade 15a med et mikroskopisk mønster af Tygge, riller eller pletter på overfladen, vil det amorfe materiale flyde ud i det nævnte mønster, og hovedet af nitten vil således indeholde mønsteret, der er unikt for brugeren. Mønsteret kan være 15 en miniature version af personens signatur eller et mønster, såsom en plet- eller stregko de, der vil kunne aflæses optisk og verificeres, eller et hologram, der producerer et let genkendeligt billede. Fig. 4f viser et eksempel på et sådant mønster, nemlig et replica, i det amorfe materiale af et udsnit af en matrice, der benyttes til fremstilling af digitale video discs (DVD). Med denne metode vil ingen andre end ejeren være i stand til at 20 reproducere mønsteret på nittehovedet, medmindre de har adgang til ejerens unikke plade 15a.By producing a unique plate 15a with a microscopic pattern of chewing, grooving or staining on the surface, the amorphous material will flow into said pattern and thus the head of the rivet will contain the pattern unique to the user. The pattern may be a miniature version of the person's signature or a pattern, such as a spot or bar code that can be optically read and verified, or a hologram that produces an easily recognizable image. FIG. 4f shows an example of such a pattern, namely a replica, in the amorphous material of a section of a die used for the production of digital video discs (DVDs). With this method, none other than the owner will be able to reproduce the pattern on the rivet head unless they have access to the owner's unique plate 15a.

Eksempel 4Example 4

Anvendelse af amorfe legeringer til samling af mikro-elektromekaniske (MEMS) systemer.Use of amorphous alloys for assembly of microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems.

9 DK 174490 B1 I et konkret udførelseseksempel udgøres den mekaniske konstruktion af et accelerometer. Det i fig. 5 a viste accelerometer består af en membran 21, der er understøttet langs to kanter eller ved punkter langs kanterne eller ved hjørnerne. Alternativt kan accelero-meteret bestå af en vægtstangsarm, der kun er understøttet ved den ene ende. Disse 5 strukturer kan være tilvejebragt i silicium eller piezoelektrisk materiale ved fotolitografi og ætsning, der er standardprocesser indenfor den elektroniske fremstillingsindustri. De accelerometre, der fremstilles i dag, er flerlagsanordninger d.v.s. anordninger, der består af flere lag silicium. Nogle af disse lag har aktive kredsløbselementer, medens andre har passive. Disse elementer kan reagere på acceleration og vibration.9 DK 174490 B1 In a specific embodiment, the mechanical construction is an accelerometer. The FIG. 5a consists of a diaphragm 21 supported along two edges or at points along the edges or at the corners. Alternatively, the accelerometer may consist of a lever arm supported only at one end. These 5 structures may be provided in silicon or piezoelectric material by photolithography and etching, which are standard processes in the electronic manufacturing industry. The accelerometers produced today are multilayer devices, i.e. devices consisting of several layers of silicon. Some of these layers have active circuit elements, while others have passive ones. These elements can respond to acceleration and vibration.

10 Accelerometeret opererer ved at aftaste en bevægelse af membranen 21 induceret ved hjælp af ydre kraftpåvirkninger. I siliciumanordninger udgør membranen 21 den ene plade af en kondensator, medens et stift siliciumlag over eller under udgør den anden plade.The accelerometer operates by sensing a movement of the membrane 21 induced by external forces of force. In silicon devices, the membrane 21 constitutes one plate of a capacitor, while a rigid silicon layer above or below constitutes the other plate.

Når membranen 21 afbøjes, ændres kapacitansen. Anordningen tilvejebringer derved et elektrisk respons på en mekanisk påvirkning. I piezoelektriske anordninger vil arme, der 15 understøtter membranen, blive afbøjet under en acceleration. Derved genereres en spæn ding, der er relateret til afbøjningen. Denne spænding afføles ved hjælp af elektroniske kredsløb, og der tilvejebringes et elektrisk respons, der er relateret til den mekaniske påvirkning.As the membrane 21 deflects, the capacitance changes. The device thereby provides an electrical response to a mechanical impact. In piezoelectric devices, arms supporting the diaphragm will be deflected during an acceleration. This generates a tension related to the deflection. This voltage is sensed by electronic circuits, and an electrical response related to the mechanical effect is provided.

Disse anordninger er i vidt omfang blevet anvendt i fly, raketter, automobiler og struk-20 turer til afføling af reaktioner på mekaniske påvirkninger.These devices have been widely used in aircraft, rockets, automobiles and structures for sensing reactions to mechanical influences.

Sådanne flerlagsanordninger samles ved operationer, ved hvilke lagene fastgøres til hinanden. Der anvendes forskellige bindingsteknikker såsom binding ved hjælp af epoxy-klæbemiddel. Kemiske bindingsmetoder, såsom anodespænding, elektrostatisk spænding, eutektisk spænding og andre kan også komme på tale.Such multilayer devices are assembled by operations in which the layers are attached to each other. Various bonding techniques such as bonding by epoxy adhesive are used. Chemical bonding methods such as anode voltage, electrostatic voltage, eutectic voltage and others may also be considered.

25 Samlingen af flerlagsanordningen er imidlertid besværlig og introducerer problemer i henseende til pålidelighed, og dette fremgår af forskellige artikler om accelerometre DK 174490 B1 10 fremstillet i ét lag. Disse accelerometre er fremstillet ved en dyb ætsning i et substrat, således at tynde flige af Si rager ud fra substratet. En afbøjning af disse flige ændrer kapacitansen ved en ændring af mellemrummet mellem den afbøjede del og de fikserede omgivelser. Den dybe ælsningsproces er desuden længerevarende og må styres meget 5 præcist.However, the assembly of the multilayer device is cumbersome and introduces problems in terms of reliability, and this is evident from various articles on accelerometers DK 174490 B1 10 manufactured in one layer. These accelerometers are made by deep etching in a substrate so that thin tabs of Si protrude from the substrate. A deflection of these tabs changes the capacitance by changing the gap between the deflected portion and the fixed environment. The deep kneading process is also long-lasting and must be controlled very precisely.

Ved hjælp af den amorfe legering kan der tilvejebringes en skabelon, hvorpå de enkelte lag af en sådan flerlagsanordning kan placeres og samles. Dette kunne lette bindingsprocessen og give en stærk elektrisk ledende forbindelse. Pålideligheden af sådanne anordninger afhænger f.eks. af, at der sker en kemisk reaktion mellem to flader, hvis bindings-10 effektivitet kan formindskes af urenheder og ruheder i overfladerne. Fordelen ved anven delse af amorfe legeringer som skabeloner til fremstilling af sådanne dele, er som følger: Ætsning af en skive er ikke påkrævet for mekanisk samling.By means of the amorphous alloy, a template can be provided on which the individual layers of such a multilayer device can be placed and assembled. This could facilitate the bonding process and provide a strong electrically conductive connection. The reliability of such devices depends, e.g. by a chemical reaction occurring between two surfaces whose bonding efficiency can be diminished by impurities and roughnesses in the surfaces. The advantage of using amorphous alloys as templates for making such parts is as follows: Etching of a disc is not required for mechanical assembly.

Forbindelserne er elektrisk ledende.The connections are electrically conductive.

15 Forbindelserne kan krystalliseres for at forhindre at der foretages ikke-detekterbare ændringer.The compounds can be crystallized to prevent undetectable changes.

Den lave glasovergangstemperatur af Mg-Cu-Y familien af amorfe legeringer er i overensstemmelse med de temperaturer, som elektroniske komponenter kan modstå.The low glass transition temperature of the Mg-Cu-Y family of amorphous alloys is consistent with the temperatures that electronic components can withstand.

Den mekaniske konstruktion er en proces, der er separat i forhold til fabrikationsproces-20 sen af elektriske anordninger. Derved muliggøres en større fleksibilitet for begge processer.The mechanical construction is a process that is separate from the fabrication process of electrical devices. This allows greater flexibility for both processes.

Fig. 5b og 5c illustrerer det grundlæggende princip af denne sammenføjningsmetode. En detalje, der ikke er indlysende ud fra den tidligere beskrivelse er, at måden hvorpå den 11 DK 174490 B1 opvarmede plade tilføres den amorfe legeringsskabelon, styrer processen. Hvis skabelonen er ved stuetemperatur og pladen - opvarmet til en temperatur mellem glasovergangstemperatur og kiystallisationstemperatur, hvor den amorfe legering let vil kunne deformeres - presses mod enderne af stifterne ret hurtigt, vil kun enderne af stifterne blive 5 opvarmet til det temperaturområde, i hvilket de let vil kunne deformeres. Ved denne proces tilvejebringes “hoveder” på stifterne - se fig. 5c. Hvis den opvarmede plade holdes således at den netop berører enderne af stifterne i en vis tid inden trykket tilføres, vil stifterne blive opvarmet til glas-overgangstemperaturen og således blive deformeret langs størstedelen af deres længde. Disse to metoder vil resultere i lidt forskellige 10 geometriske arrangementer af den samlede anordning, hvilket kan være nyttigt til styring af den resulterende forbindelsesgeometri.FIG. 5b and 5c illustrate the basic principle of this joining method. A detail which is not obvious from the previous description is that the way in which the heated plate is applied to the amorphous alloy template controls the process. If the template is at room temperature and the plate - heated to a temperature between glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature where the amorphous alloy can be easily deformed - pressed against the ends of the pins rather quickly, only the ends of the pins will be heated to the temperature range in which they are readily heated. will be deformable. In this process, "heads" are provided on the pins - see fig. 5c. If the heated plate is kept such that it just touches the ends of the pins for a certain time before the pressure is applied, the pins will be heated to the glass transition temperature and thus deformed along most of their length. These two methods will result in slightly different geometric arrangements of the overall device, which may be useful in controlling the resulting connection geometry.

Mikromekaniske systemer i almindelighedMicromechanical systems in general

Udover fikserede dele kan konstruktioner, der med fordel kan anvende en amorf legeringsskabelon, også inkludere bevægelige dele såsom aksler for miniaturegear.In addition to fixed parts, structures which can advantageously use an amorphous alloy template may also include moving parts such as miniature gear shafts.

15 Fig. 5c viser også et hjul eller et gear fastgjort til en stift ved hjælp af samme mekanisme.FIG. 5c also shows a wheel or gear attached to a pin by the same mechanism.

Fremstillingen af mikromekaniske systemer er et nyt område. Accelerometre falder indenfor dette område, og de involverer både elektroniske og mekaniske komponenter.The manufacture of micromechanical systems is a new area. Accelerometers fall within this area and they involve both electronic and mechanical components.

Dette område omfatter en større gruppe af anordninger, hvoraf de fleste kun er på det eksperimentelle stade. For eksempel tandhjul anbragt i et lukket hulrum med indgangs-20 og udgangskanaler til dannelse af en mikropumpe for fluida, når tandhjulet sættes i rota tion. En sådan pumpe ville have et stort potentiale for medicinske anvendelser, hvor der skal doseres en styret mængde fluidum.This area includes a larger group of devices, most of which are only at the experimental stage. For example, gears placed in a closed cavity with input 20 and output channels to form a micropump for fluids when the gear is rotated. Such a pump would have great potential for medical applications where a controlled amount of fluid should be dosed.

Potentialet for brug af amorfe legeringer i andre mikromekaniske anordninger er ikke ukendt. Eksempelvis er der publiceret et mikromaskineri relateret til amorfe legeringer 25 i fonn af et tandhjul af en diameter på omkring 1 mm.The potential for the use of amorphous alloys in other micromechanical devices is unknown. For example, a micro-machinery related to amorphous alloys 25 has been published in the form of a gear of a diameter of about 1 mm.

DK 174490 B1 12DK 174490 B1 12

Fig. 6 viser selve tandhjulet.FIG. 6 shows the gear itself.

Claims (5)

13 DK 174490 B113 DK 174490 B1 1. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et emne med fine konturer, hvor formgivningen foretages ved en mekanisk presningsproces, medens materialet er i amorf tilstand, hvor- 5 efter det formgivne emne opvarmes til krystallisationstemperatur eller derover, kend e t e g n e t ved, at det anvendte materiale er Mgx AlyCu*Yv, hvor Mg-indholdet ligger i intervallet 60 - 75 atom %, Al-indholdet ligger i intervallet 0-5 atom%, Cu-indholdet ligger i intervallet 15-30 atom%, og Y-indholdet ligger i intervallet 5-10 atom%.A process for producing a workpiece with fine contours, the shaping being carried out by a mechanical pressing process, while the material is in an amorphous state, after which the molded work is heated to crystallization temperature or above, characterized in that the material used is Mgx AlyCu * Yv, where the Mg content is in the range of 60 - 75 atomic%, the Al content is in the range of 0-5 atomic%, the Cu content is in the range of 15-30 atomic%, and the Y content is in the range of 5- 10 atom%. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1 anvendt til fremstilling af et emne med et mønster af 10 meget fine konturer, fortrinsvis i nanometer- eller mikrometer området.The method of claim 1 used to prepare a blank having a pattern of 10 very fine contours, preferably in the nanometer or micrometer range. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 2 til fremstilling af matricer, fortrinsvis formningsmatricer, eksempelvis matricer til injektionsfomnning.The method of claim 2 for producing matrices, preferably molding matrices, for example injection molding matrices. 4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 3 anvendt til fremstilling af en matrice til tilvejebringelse af et hologram af termoplastisk materiale.The method of claim 3 used to prepare a die to provide a hologram of thermoplastic material. 5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1 anvendt til fremstilling af mikromekaniske dele.The method of claim 1 used for the manufacture of micromechanical parts.
DK200100422A 2001-03-13 2001-03-13 Process for the preparation of blanks with fine contours by shaping and crystallizing amorphous alloys DK174490B1 (en)

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PCT/DK2002/000151 WO2002072905A1 (en) 2001-03-13 2002-03-08 A method of producing articles with fine outlines by way of shaping and crystallizing armophous alloys

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