DK1735500T3 - Prefabricated and traditionally reinforced base plate - Google Patents

Description

The invention pertains to a prefabricated, mild-steel reinforced support plate according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ballastless superstructures for rail-borne traffic are becoming more and more important, namely with respect to the length of tunnel sections because a ballastless superstructure requires less height than a ballasted superstructure, as well as with respect to high train speeds and short headways because longer repair intervals can be realized and the repair times are simultaneously reduced.

Different ballastless superstructure systems are known, wherein it is decisive how the loads are transmitted into the superstructure by the rails. For example, it is known to sink rails together with concrete ties into cast-inplace concrete that has not yet set, wherein a precise and therefore elaborate adjustment is required, namely in the horizontal direction as well as in the vertical direction. AT 390 976 B discloses a method for constructing a ballastless superstructure, in which a prefabricated support plate is in its four corner regions supported on a substructure by means of spindles. On its underside, the support plate features a sound-absorbing material, namely a polyester/polyurethane foam. A free-flowing and solidifying mass is introduced between this layer and the substructure. A spring deflection of the support plate is simultaneously realized due to the sound-absorbing layer.

Neither a ballastless superstructure nor a ballasted superstructure is a rigid structure, but a spring deflection of the rails rather has to be possible in both instances. The rails on the one hand rest on elements of the superstructure directly or indirectly via the rubber-elastic layer and the elements, which transmit the loads from the rails into the substructure, on the other hand likewise carry out a spring deflection relative to the substructure. In a ballasted superstructure, this spring deflection is achieved due to the mutual support of the ballast stones. However, this flexibility may be so high, for example, that it leads to the fracture of concrete ties, particularly in their central region. Support plates are also used for ballastless superstructures, wherein these support plates have the tendency to return into the original position after the load has been alleviated.

Corresponding prior art is disclosed, e.g., in EP 1 039 030 A1. AT 238 239 B describes a level crossing featuring a plate without recesses.

Japanese patent 2001-107 508 describes the floor plate with a recess. Reinforcements are provided obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the plate. However, the load transmission into a support plate for rail traffic is by no means comparable to the load transmission into a floor plate . DE 103 27 467 A1 describes a support body for rails without recesses . DE 2827653 A1 pertains to a railroad superstructure, wherein it is attempted to prevent the destruction of a track construction plate by the fastening means for the rails. In this case, it is proposed to realize the support plate plane-parallel and to achieve the required inclination of the rails with support wedges. In this patent, it is explicitly stated that a change of the reinforcement in support plates can lead to the special problems and that the fastening means can cause the formation of cracks in the region of the fastening holes.

An objective of the present invention can be seen in realizing concrete support plates of this type in such a way that they can absorb the compressive and tensile stresses occurring under a load without premature destruction. Another objective of the present invention can be seen in transmitting the highest loads possible from the support plate to the substructure, namely in the longitudinal rail direction and transverse thereto, while simultaneously ensuring a long service life of the support plate. However, the long service life of the support plate cannot impair its resilient support on the substructure because fracturing of rails and wheels, particularly wheel flanges, may otherwise occur.

According to the invention, this objective is attained with the characteristics disclosed in the characterizing portion of claim 1.

In this case, the dimensioning of the support plate ensures that the support plates can on the one hand be exactly aligned during their installation, and that exact positioning of the support plates can on the other hand be maintained over prolonged periods of time due to the recesses, into which parts produced in situ on the substructure engage in the installed state of the support plate. The specific dimensioning of the recesses, namely such that they are longer in the longitudinal rail direction than in the direction extending perpendicular thereto, takes into account that the stress transverse to the longitudinal rail direction can be greater than in the longitudinal rail direction, particularly due to potential hunting of the wheels. Filling of an intermediate space between the support plate and the substructure is on the one hand simplified due to the downwardly open continuous openings, wherein the body for fixing the support plate can at the same time also be produced in a particularly simple fashion. The rubber-elastic coating on the underside of the support plate allows the required spring deflection.

The separate arrangement of an upper and a lower reinforcement of concrete steel rods makes it possible to take into account different stresses, particularly tensile stresses, wherein exact positioning of the concrete steel rods is realized in a particularly simple fashion by means of an upper frame and a lower frame. A particularly exact load transmission from the longitudinal rail direction to the lateral rail direction can be realized due to the reinforcements of concrete steel rods extending transverse to the longitudinal rail direction. In this case, the transverse reinforcements are connected to the upper frame and the lower frame and extend around both frames.

Although the two described recesses represent a solution for the transmission of loads from the support plate to the substructure, they also cause the support plate to be weakened in the lateral and the longitudinal rail direction. This type of weakening can be respectively prevented or reduced in the longitudinal direction if the upper and the lower reinforcement respectively feature at least two longitudinal reinforcements of concrete rods, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the support plate that corresponds to the longitudinal rail direction and are respectively arranged on both sides of the recesses, wherein these longitudinal reinforcements are respectively connected to the upper and the lower frame on their ends.

Another load application can be achieved in that the upper and the lower reinforcement respectively feature transverse reinforcements of concrete steel rods, which are arranged on both sides of the recesses and respectively connected to the upper and the lower frame.

An additional reinforcement can be achieved in that the upper and the lower reinforcement respectively feature longitudinal and transverse reinforcements of concrete steel rods arranged on both sides of the recesses, wherein these longitudinal and transverse reinforcements are shorter than those respectively connected to the upper and the lower frame and connected to the longitudinal reinforcements that are connected to the frames.

If the upper reinforcement features shorter longitudinal reinforcements of concrete steel rods than those connected to the upper and the lower frame with concrete steel rods, a particularly advantageous distribution of the loads, particularly the tensile loads, is ensured in the upper and the lower region of the support plate.

The service life in the extremely stressed corner regions of the recesses can be prolonged if reinforcements of concrete steel rods, which connect longitudinal and transverse reinforcements of concrete steel rods that are directly connected to the upper and lower frames with concrete steel rods, are provided obliguely to the longitudinal reinforcement in the upper reinforcement of concrete steel rods, as well as in the lower reinforcement of concrete steel rods. A particularly advantageous application of the loads into the reinforcement is achieved if the obliquely extending reinforcements of concrete steel rods additionally connect the shorter transverse and longitudinal reinforcements, which respectively consist of concrete steel rods. A particularly sound stabilization between the recesses can be achieved if longitudinal reinforcements are provided between the recesses and connected to the transverse reinforcements, which are respectively connected to the upper and the lower frame.

The invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the drawings.

In these drawings:

Figure 1 shows a support plate in the form of a top view,

Figure 2 shows a cross section through the support plate along the line II-II in Figure 1,

Figure 3 shows an upper reinforcement and

Figure 4 shows a lower reinforcement.

The support plate 1 illustrated in the form of a top view in Figure 1 is made of concrete and features two recesses 2. These recesses are inwardly tapered toward the top as illustrated with broken lines in Figure 2. This design simplifies the removal of a support plate from the substructure. The support plate 1 features bearing elements 3 for not-shown rails. The longitudinal dimension of the support plate, i.e. in the longitudinal rail direction indicated with the arrow a, amounts to 5.160 mm and its dimension perpendicular thereto amounts to 2.400 mm. The plate has a minimum thickness of 160 mm. The recesses 2 are realized rectangular, wherein the longer side of the rectangle is arranged parallel to the longitudinal rail direction and amounts to 900 mm whereas the lateral dimension amounts to 600 mm. The plate furthermore features openings 4 with threads, along which spindles are supported in a height-variable fashion such that the support plate can be exactly aligned on the substructure.

According to the section illustrated in Figure 2, the support plate features an upper reinforcement 5 and a lower reinforcement 6. The two reinforcements are connected by means of transverse reinforcements 7 of concrete steel rods .

Figures 3 and 4 schematically show the upper and the lower reinforcement, wherein the dimensions of the support plate 1, as well as the dimensions and positions of the recesses 2, are also illustrated in these figures in order to provide a better overview. The upper and the lower reinforcement 5, 6 respectively feature essentially rectangular welded frames 8, 9 of concrete steel rods. The transverse reinforcements, which extend around both frames as illustrated in Figure 2, are connected to the upper frame 8 and the lower frame 9 (see Figure 4). Longitudinal reinforcements 10 of concrete steel rods are also provided in addition to the transverse reinforcements 7. Additional longitudinal reinforcements 11, which are shorter than those connected to the frame and ending in front of the frame, are provided parallel to these longitudinal reinforcements. Furthermore, shorter transverse reinforcements 12, which are arranged on both sides of the recesses 2 and likewise connected at least to the longitudinal reinforcements 10 connected to the frame, a provided on the upper reinforcement 5, as well as on the lower reinforcement 6. Reinforcements 13 of concrete steel rods, which extend obliquely to the longitudinal direction a and connect the longitudinal reinforcements and transverse reinforcements, namely those connected to the frame as well as the shorter ones, are provided in the corner region of the recesses 2. At least one additional longitudinal reinforcement 14, which likewise consists of concrete steel rods and is connected to the transverse reinforcements 7 that are respectively connected to the upper and the lower frame 8, 9, is provided between the two recesses 2 in the longitudinal direction a.

The term concrete steel rods typically refers to cylindrical rods with different diameters that additionally feature ribs in order to improve their anchoring in the concrete. They may be made, for example, of carbon steel or even of stainless steel for special applications. When using stainless steel, in particular, it is also necessary to check for stress corrosion cracking. A binding wire is typically used for connecting the concrete steel rods to one another, but it would also be possible to connect the rods by means of welding. During the manufacture of the concrete support plate, the entire reinforcement, i.e. the upper and the lower reinforcement, is placed into a mold and positioned therein on spacers. With respect to the recesses and the bearing elements for the rails, it is particularly important that the support plate can be removed from the mold as easily as possible. The underside of this prefabricated support plate is provided with a rubber granulate with a thickness of 3 mm. Such a rubber granulate is also arranged on the walls of the recesses 2. The support plates are then positioned above a leveled substructure with the aid of spindles, whereupon the intermediate space between the substructure and the plate and also the recesses are filled, for example, with concrete through the recesses 2 and, if necessary, through additional recesses.

Claims (8)

1. Præfabrikeret, med blødt stål armeret bundplade (1) til ballastløs overbygning for skinnebundet trafik og til mindst to skinner, og som har en rektangulær form og er lavet af beton, hvor den største udstrækning af bundpladen (1) under drift forløber i skinnernes længderetning, hvori mindst to gennemgående udtag (2), som er længere i længderetningen (a) end i retning vinkelret derpå, er tilvejebragt i bundpladen (1), og hvori bundpladen (1) udviser en gummielastisk belægning på den side, der danner undersiden under drift, kendetegnet ved, at armeringen med blødt stål er tilvejebragt i form af en øvre armering (5) og en nedre armering (6) af armeringsjern, som henholdsvis udviser en svejst rektangulær ramme (8, 9) af armeringsjern, som hver ligger i det væsentlige i et plan, hvori de øvre og nedre armeringer (5, 6) er forbundet ved hjælp af tværgående forstærkninger (7) af armeringsjern, og hvori de tværgående forstærkninger er forbundet med den øvre ramme (8) og den nedre ramme (9) og er ført omkring begge rammer (8, 9).1. Prefabricated, soft steel reinforced base plate (1) for ballastless superstructure for rail-bound traffic and for at least two rails, having a rectangular shape and made of concrete, the largest extent of the base plate (1) extending in operation in the rails a longitudinal direction in which at least two continuous sockets (2) which are longer in the longitudinal direction (a) than in the direction perpendicular thereto are provided in the base plate (1) and wherein the base plate (1) exhibits a rubber elastic coating on the side forming the underside in operation, characterized in that the soft steel reinforcement is provided in the form of an upper reinforcement (5) and a lower reinforcement (6) of reinforcing iron, which respectively exhibit a welded rectangular frame (8, 9), each lying substantially in a plane in which the upper and lower reinforcements (5, 6) are joined by transverse reinforcements (7) of reinforcing iron and in which the transverse reinforcements are connected to the upper frame (8) and the lower frame (9) and are guided around both frames (8, 9). 2. Bundplade (1) ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den øvre (5) og den nedre armering udviser mindst to langsgående forstærkninger (10) af armeringsjern, som strækker sig i bundpladens (1) længderetning og er arrangeret på begge sider af udtagene (2), hvori de langsgående forstærkninger ved deres ender er forbundet med henholdsvis den øvre og den nedre ramme (8, 9).Bottom plate (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper (5) and the lower reinforcement exhibit at least two longitudinal reinforcements (10) of reinforcing iron extending longitudinally of the base plate (1) and arranged on both sides of the the outlets (2) in which the longitudinal reinforcements at their ends are connected to the upper and lower frames, respectively (8, 9). 3. Bundplade (1) ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at den øvre (5) og den nedre (6) armering udviser tværgående forstærkninger (12) af armeringsjern arrangeret på begge sider af hvert udtag (2), hvori de tværgående forstærkninger er kortere end de tværgående forstærkninger (7), som er forbundet henholdsvis med den øvre (8) og den nedre (9) ramme, og forbundet med de langsgående forstærkninger (10), som er forbundet med rammerne (8, 9).Bottom plate (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper (5) and the lower (6) reinforcement exhibit transverse reinforcements (12) of reinforcing bars arranged on both sides of each outlet (2), wherein the transverse reinforcements are shorter than the transverse reinforcements (7) connected to the upper (8) and lower (9) frames, respectively, and connected to the longitudinal reinforcements (10) connected to the frames (8, 9). 4. Bundplade (1) ifølge et af krav 1-3, kendetegnet ved, at den øvre (5) og den nedre (6) armering udviser langsgående forstærkninger (11) af armeringsjern, som er kortere end de langsgående forstærkninger (10) forbundet med rammerne (8, 9), hvori de kortere langsgående forstærkninger (11) er forbundet med de tværgående forstærkninger (7) af armeringsjern, som forbinder den øvre og nedre ramme (8, 9) med armeringsjern.Bottom plate (1) according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the upper (5) and the lower (6) reinforcement exhibit longitudinal reinforcements (11) of reinforcing bars shorter than the longitudinal reinforcements (10) connected. with the frames (8, 9), wherein the shorter longitudinal reinforcements (11) are connected to the transverse reinforcements (7) of reinforcing bars connecting the upper and lower frames (8, 9) to the reinforcing iron. 5. Bundplade (1) ifølge et af krav 1-4, kendetegnet ved, at forstærkninger (13) af armeringsjern, som strækker sig skråt i forhold til den langsgående forstærkning, er tilvejebragt i den øvre armering (5) af armeringsjern såvel som i den nedre armering (6) af armeringsjern, hvori de skråt forløbende forstærkninger forbinder langsgående og tværgående forstærkninger (10, 7) af armeringsjern, som er direkte forbundet med den øvre og den nedre ramme (8, 9) af armeringsjern.Bottom plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that reinforcements (13) of reinforcing bars which extend obliquely to the longitudinal reinforcement are provided in the upper reinforcement (5) of reinforcing iron as well as in the lower reinforcement (6) of reinforcing iron, wherein the obliquely extending reinforcements connect longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (10, 7) of reinforcing iron directly connected to the upper and lower frame (8, 9) of reinforcing iron. 6. Bundplade (1) ifølge krav 3, 4 eller 5, kendetegnet ved, at de skråt forløbende forstærkninger (13) af armeringsjern yderligere forbinder den korte forbindelse af de langsgående forstærkninger (11, 12, 14), som hver består af armeringsjern.Base plate (1) according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the inclined reinforcing reinforcements (13) of the reinforcing iron further connect the short connection of the longitudinal reinforcements (11, 12, 14), each consisting of reinforcing iron. 7.7th Bundplade (1) ifølge et af krav 1-6, kendetegnet ved, at langsgående forstærkninger (14) er tilvejebragt mellem udtagene (2) og er forbundet med de tværgående forstærkninger (7), som hver er forbundet med den øvre (8) og den nedre (9) ramme.Base plate (1) according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that longitudinal reinforcements (14) are provided between the outlets (2) and are connected to the transverse reinforcements (7), each of which is connected to the upper (8) and the lower (9) frame.