DK171764B1 - Process for dealkylation of tertiary amines - Google Patents

Process for dealkylation of tertiary amines Download PDF

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DK171764B1
DK171764B1 DK325681A DK325681A DK171764B1 DK 171764 B1 DK171764 B1 DK 171764B1 DK 325681 A DK325681 A DK 325681A DK 325681 A DK325681 A DK 325681A DK 171764 B1 DK171764 B1 DK 171764B1
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chlorinated
amine
chloroformate
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substituted
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DK325681A
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DK325681A (en
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Thierry Malfroot
Marc Piteau
Jean-Pierre Senet
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Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D295/00Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/02Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements
    • C07D295/023Preparation; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/77Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D307/93Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with a ring other than six-membered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D451/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
    • C07D451/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
    • C07D451/04Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
    • C07D451/06Oxygen atoms

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for the dealkylation of a tertiary amine carrying at least one alkyl radical of the formula see diagramm : EP0045234,P11,F1 in which R1 and R2 represent saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radicals, it being for the radicals R1 and R2 to be chemically bonded to one another so as to form a substituted or unsubstituted ring, and R3 represents an aliphatic radical, characterised in that an alpha-chlorinated chloroformate of the formula see diagramm : EP0045234,P11,F2 in which R4 represents a saturated aliphatic radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen atoms, is reacted with the amine see diagramm : EP0045234,P11,F3 so as to obtain an alpha-chlorinated carbamate of the formula see diagramm : EP0045234,P11,F4 in which R1 , R2 and R4 have the same meaning as above, and in that the alpha-chlorinated carbamate thus obtained is treated with a light hydroxylated solvent of the formula R5 , in which R5 represents a linear or branched aliphatic radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, so as to obtain the dealkylated amine of the formula see diagramm : EP0045234,P11,F5 in which R1 and R2 have the above meanings.

Description

DK 171764 B1DK 171764 B1

Opfindelsen angår en særlig fremgangsmåde til dealkylering af tertiære aminer som angivet i krav 1's indledning.The invention relates to a particular method for dealkylation of tertiary amines as set forth in the preamble of claim 1.

Dealkylering af tertiære aminer er en meget vigtig disciplin i den syntetiske kemi og navnlig i 5 den farmceutiske syntese. Der eksisterer talrige tilfælde, hvor man har en tertiær amin, hvori man ønsker at ændre en af de grupper, som er bundet til nitrogenatomet, uden at ændre resten af molekylet. Det generelle princip for denne ændring består i at fjerne den uønskede substituent fra den tertiære amin ved en dealkyleringsreaktion til opnåelse af en sekundær amin efter reaktionsskemaet: 10Dealkylation of tertiary amines is a very important discipline in synthetic chemistry and especially in pharmaceutical synthesis. There are numerous instances in which one has a tertiary amine in which one wishes to change one of the groups attached to the nitrogen atom without altering the rest of the molecule. The general principle of this change consists in removing the undesirable substituent from the tertiary amine in a dealkylation reaction to obtain a secondary amine following the reaction scheme:

A1N-A3 -> Ai-N-HA1N-A3 -> Ai-N-H

I II I

a2 a2 (1) 15 og at bringe den således opnåede sekundære amin til at reagere med et alkylhalogenid eller mere generelt med et alkyleringsreagens til opnåelse af den tertiære amin, som bærer den ønskede substituent, efter reaktionsskemaet:a2 a2 (1) 15 and reacting the thus obtained secondary amine with an alkyl halide or more generally with an alkylating reagent to obtain the tertiary amine carrying the desired substituent following the reaction scheme:

A-j-NH + DY -► A-j-N-D + HYA-j-NH + DY -► A-j-N-D + HY

20 I I20 I I

A2 A2 (2) idet Ai, A2, A3 og D i skemaerne (1) og (2) betegner en alkylgruppe, medens Y betegner en hydrogenacceptor. Dette gælder navnlig i den farmaceutiske syntese, hvor man benyter talri-25 ge tertiære aminer og navnlig dem af morphinrækken. De basisaminer, som man kan ekstrahere af naturprodukter, nødvendiggør som regel i det mindte én substitution til opnåelse af den optimale aktivitet ved deres anvendelse. Denne substitution kan kun ske ved en forudgående dealkylering. Som man kan konstatere, er dealkylering af tertiære aminer en disciplin af særlig betydning i den kemiske syntese.A2 A2 (2) wherein A1, A2, A3 and D in Schemes (1) and (2) represent an alkyl group, while Y represents a hydrogen acceptor. This is especially true in the pharmaceutical synthesis using numerous tertiary amines and in particular those of the morphine series. The basic amines which can be extracted from natural products usually require at least one substitution to obtain the optimal activity in their use. This substitution can only be done by prior dealkylation. As can be seen, dealkylation of tertiary amines is a discipline of particular importance in chemical synthesis.

30 I øjeblikket eksisterer der to hovedmetoder til udførelse af dealkyleringen af tertiære aminer.30 There are currently two main methods for performing the dealkylation of tertiary amines.

Den første af disse metoder består i, at man som dealkyleringsmiddel benytter cyanogenbro-mid eller ethyl- og benzylchlorformiater.The first of these methods consists in the use of cyanogen bromide or ethyl and benzyl chloroformates as a dealkylating agent.

3535

Ifølge denne første metode, som fx er beskrevet i US-A-3.254.088, 3.493.657, 3.299.072 og 3.390.179, omsætter man cyanogenbromidet eller chlorformiatet med den amin, som skal dealkyleres, og man behandler den således opnåede forbindelse med saltsyre til opnåelse af den dealkylerede sekundære amin. Denne første metode frembyder imidlertid et vist antal DK 171764 B1 2 betydelige ulemper: Den mangler selektivitet over for den gruppe, som skal elimineres, og den giver ikke gode udbytter, men navnlig kræver den intense og farlige reaktionsbetingelser, navnlig når der anvendes cyanogenbromid.According to this first method, described, for example, in US-A-3,254,088, 3,493,657, 3,299,072 and 3,390,179, the cyanogen bromide or chloroformate is reacted with the amine to be dealkylated and the compound thus obtained is treated. with hydrochloric acid to give the dealkylated secondary amine. However, this first method presents a certain number of significant drawbacks: It lacks selectivity towards the group to be eliminated and does not yield good yields, but in particular requires intense and dangerous reaction conditions, especially when cyanogen bromide is used.

5 Den anden af disse metoder, som er beskrevet i US-A-3.095.981 og 4.141.897, består i at benytte vinylchlorformiat efter følgende reaktionsskema: -N - R +CH2 = CH - O - C - Cl (3)The second of these methods, described in US-A-3,095,981 and 4,141,897, consists of using vinyl chloroformate according to the following reaction scheme: -N - R + CH 2 = CH - O - C - Cl (3)

I III II

10 o - N - C - O - CH = CH2 + RCI (4) I II o10 o - N - C - O - CH = CH 2 + RCI (4) I II o

15 i + HCI15 + HCl

- N - C - O - CH - CH3 (5)- N - C - O - CH - CH3 (5)

I II II II I

o Cl 20o Cl 20

1 + 2 CH3 OH1 + 2 CH 3 OH

- N - H, HCI + C02 + CH3 - CH - OCH3 (6) 25 OCH3- N - H, HCl + CO 2 + CH 3 - CH - OCH 3 (6) OCH 3

Denne fremgangsmåde gør det ganske vist muligt at udføre dealkyleringen af tertiære aminer, men frembyder den ulempe at nødvendiggøre en behandling med saltsyre. Den indførte saltsyre kan angribe nitrogenatomets andre substituenter og nedbryde eller modificere molekylet 30 og derved medføre en nedgang i udbyttet ved dealkyleringen samt et behov for rensning af den dealkylerede amin, hvilken operation ofte er meget vanskelig.While this process allows the dealkylation of tertiary amines to be carried out, it presents the disadvantage of necessitating treatment with hydrochloric acid. The introduced hydrochloric acid can attack the other substituents of the nitrogen atom and degrade or modify the molecule 30, thereby reducing the yield of the dealkylation as well as a need for purification of the dealkylated amine, which operation is often very difficult.

Anvendelse af brom er endnu mere generende end anvendelsen af saltsyre, idet bromet let adderes til umættede grupper eller nedbryder skrøbelige grupper.The use of bromine is even more troublesome than the use of hydrochloric acid, since the bromine is easily added to unsaturated groups or breaks down fragile groups.

3535

Behandling med kviksølvsalte bør undgås på grund af disses giftighed.Treatment with mercury salts should be avoided due to their toxicity.

Den foreliggende opfindelse anviser en fremgangsmåde til dealkylering, som ikke har de ovennævnte ulemper og navnlig ikke frembyder nogen risiko for nedbrydning af aminen ved et salt-40 syreangreb.The present invention discloses a method of dealkylation which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and, in particular, presents no risk of degradation of the amine by a hydrochloric acid attack.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i krav 1's kendetegnende del anførte.The process according to the invention is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1.

DK 171764 B1 3DK 171764 B1 3

Omsætningen sker efterfølgende reaktionsskema:The reaction is carried out following the reaction scheme:

R-ι - N - C - O - CH - R4 + 2 RcOHR-ι - N - C - O - CH - R 4 + 2 RcOH

I II II II I

5 r2 o Cl -► Ri - NH, HCI + C02 + R4 - CH - ORs5 R 2 o Cl -► R 1 - NH, HCl + CO 2 + R 4 - CH - ORs

I II I

R2 0R5 (7) 10R2 OR5 (7) 10

Man fdr således hydrochloridet af den dealkylerede amin, ud fra hvilken man let kan isolere den dealkylerede amin R-j - NH - R2> som ikke er undergået nogen kemisk nedbrydning.Thus, the hydrochloride of the dealkylated amine is obtained from which one can readily isolate the dealkylated amine R-j - NH - R2> which has not undergone any chemical decomposition.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen muliggør altså ved anvendelsen af α-chlorerede chlor-15 formiater den direkte opnåelse - ved en simpel kondensationsreaktion - af α-chlorerede car-bamater, ud fra hvilke det er let at isolere hydrochloridet af den dealkylerede amin uden nogen risiko for nedbrydning af andre substituenter i aminen, da der ikke er behov for nogen behandling med saltsyre i modsætning til den fremgangsmåde, som er beskrevet i US-A-3.905.981. Desuden tillader fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen den direkte opnåelse med gode udbytter 20 af hydrochloridet af den dealkylerede amin i ren tilstand, hvilket muliggør den senere anvendelse af hydrochloridet eller aminen uden noget generelt behov for en vidtgående rensning.Thus, the process of the invention enables the direct obtaining - by a simple condensation reaction - of α-chlorinated carbamates, from the use of α-chlorinated chloroformates, from which it is easy to isolate the hydrochloride of the dealkylated amine without any risk of degradation. of other substituents in the amine, since no treatment with hydrochloric acid is required in contrast to the process described in US-A-3,905,981. In addition, the process of the invention permits the direct obtaining of good yields 20 of the hydrochloride of the dealkylated amine in a pure state, enabling the subsequent use of the hydrochloride or amine without any general need for extensive purification.

I det følgende er der givet en beskrivelse i enkeltheder af iværksættelsen af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen.In the following, a description is given in detail of the implementation of the method according to the invention.

2525

Som anført ovenfor består fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen først i at omsætte et a-chloreret chlorformiat med formlenAs stated above, the process of the invention consists first of reacting an α-chlorinated chloroformate of the formula

R4 - CH O C O Cl 30 IR4 - CH O C O Cl 30 I

Cl med den tertiære amin 35 R·) - N - R3 R2 som skal dealkyleres.Cl with the tertiary amine 35 R ·) - N - R3 R2 to be dealkylated.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen finder anvendelse på de fleste kendte tertiære aminer med i det mindste én aliphatisk gruppe. Resten af molekylet ud over den aliphatiske gruppe kan udgøres af to forskellige grupper eller også af en aliphatisk mættet eller umættet, substitu- 40 DK 171764 B1 4 eret eller usubstitueret ring omfattende eventuelt i det mindste et heteroatom i ringen. Når resten af molekylet udgøres af to adskilte grupper, kan disse ens eller forskellige grupper være aliphatiske eller cycloaliphatiske, mættede eller umættede, substituerede eller usubstituerede grupper eller også substituerede eller usubstituerede aromatiske grupper. Man kan således 5 som eksempler på tertiære aminer, som har i det mindste én aliphatisk gruppe, og som er i stand til at dealkyleres ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, nævne: - aliphatiske aminer såsom trimethylamin og triethylamin, - cycloaliphatiske aminer såsom N-methylpiperidin, N-ethylpiperidin, tropin og N-methylmor-10 pholin, - aromatiske aminer såsom Ν,Ν-dimethylanilin og Ν,Ν-diethylanilin og - alkaloider såsom morphin, codein, a-***, β-***, thebain og N-alkylacyloxy-14-mor-phinaner med eller uden alkoxy· eller acyloxygrupper i 3-stillingen og med eller uden substi-tuenter i 6-stillingen.The process of the invention applies to most known tertiary amines with at least one aliphatic group. The remainder of the molecule in addition to the aliphatic group may be constituted by two different groups or also by an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted ring, optionally including at least one heteroatom in the ring. When the remainder of the molecule is made up of two separate groups, these same or different groups may be aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted groups or also substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups. Thus, examples of tertiary amines having at least one aliphatic group capable of dealkylation by the process of the invention may be mentioned: - aliphatic amines such as trimethylamine and triethylamine, - cycloaliphatic amines such as N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, tropine and N-methylmorpholine, - aromatic amines such as Ν, Ν-dimethylaniline and Ν, Ν-diethylaniline and - alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, α-***e, β-***e, thebain and N-alkylacyloxy 14-morphinanes with or without alkoxy or acyloxy groups at the 3-position and with or without substituents at the 6-position.

15 Således omfatter R-j og R2 fortrinsvis 1-30 carbonatomer, hvis de er indbyrdes adskilte, og 4-40 carbonatomer, hvis de er bundet til hinanden.Thus, R 1 and R 2 preferably comprise 1-30 carbon atoms if spaced apart and 4-40 carbon atoms if bonded to each other.

Med denne tertiære amin omsætter man altså et α-chloreret chlorformiat med formlen 20Thus, with this tertiary amine, an α-chlorinated chloroformate of formula 20 is reacted

Ra - CH - O CO ClRa - CH - O CO Cl

Cl hvor R4 betegner en mættet, aliphatisk gruppe, som eventuelt er substitueret med halogena-25 tomer. Sådanne α-chlorerede chlorformiater samt måden til deres fremstilling er navnlig beskrevet i fransk patentansøgning nr. 80 10606. For enkelthedens skyld ved iværksættelsen og til sikring af de bedste udbytter foretrækker man α-chlorerede chlorformiater, hvor R4 betegner en lavmolekylær alkylgruppe og navnlig methyl, ethyl, propyl eller isopropyl. Det foretrukne chlorformiat er 1-chlorethylchlorformiat, altså det, hvor R4 betegner methyl. Dette chlorformiat 30 fås let, idet man i nærværelse af en katalysator kondenserer phosgen og acetaldehyd efter reaktionsskemaet: CH3 CHO + CO Cl2 -► CH3 - CH Cl O CO Cl (8) 35 Reaktionen til kondensation af det α-chlorerede chlorformiat med den tertiære amin udføres i varmen og normalt i nærværelse af et opløsningsmiddel og under vandfri atmosfære. Som opløsningsmiddel benytter man en forbindelse, som er indifferent over for de indførte reaktionsdeltagere. Halogenerede carbonhydrider som 1,2-dichlorethan eller dichlormethan er normalt egnede. Man kan ligeledes benytte sådanne opløsningsmidler som carbontetrachlorid, DK 171764 Bl 5 tetrahydrofuran eller toluen, men det skal bemærkes, at disse opløsningsmidler i øjeblikket for kondensationen af det α-chlorerede chlorformiat og den tertiære amin fører til dannelsen af generende faste forbindelser, og derfor anbefales anvendelsen af disse opløsningsmidler ikke.C1 where R4 represents a saturated aliphatic group optionally substituted with halogen atoms. Such α-chlorinated chloroformates and the manner of their preparation are described in particular in French Patent Application No. 80 10606. For the sake of simplicity in the implementation and to ensure the best yields, α-chlorinated chloroformates are preferred, wherein R4 represents a low molecular weight alkyl group and especially methyl. ethyl, propyl or isopropyl. The preferred chloroformate is 1-chloroethyl chloroformate, that is, where R4 represents methyl. This chloroformate 30 is readily obtained by condensing in the presence of a catalyst the phosgene and acetaldehyde according to the reaction scheme: CH3 CHO + CO Cl2 -► CH3 - CH ClO CO Cl (8) The reaction to condense the α-chlorinated chloroformate with the tertiary amine is carried out in the heat and usually in the presence of a solvent and under anhydrous atmosphere. As a solvent, a compound is used which is inert to the introduced reaction participants. Halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,2-dichloroethane or dichloromethane are usually suitable. Solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran or toluene may also be used, but it should be noted that these solvents currently lead to the formation of annoying solid compounds for the condensation of the α-chlorinated chloroformate and tertiary amine. the use of these solvents does not.

Det er vigtigt, at opløsningsmidlet er absolut vandfrit til undgåelse af enhver sønderdeling af 5 chlorformiatet. Reaktionen udføres i varmen under tilbagesvaling af opløsningsmidlet, og det anbefales derfor at benytte et opløsningsmiddel med et forholdsvis højt kogepunkt, så at man kan arbejde ved en tilstrækkelig høj temperatur. Man bør naturligvis sørge for, at den ved de pågældende operationsbetingelser gyldige tilbagesvalingstemperatur for opløsningsmidlet ligger under sønderdelingstemperaturen for reagenserne eller det α-chlorerede carbamat, som er 10 under dannelse. Under disse betingelser er en reaktionsvarighed på nogle timer normalt tilstrækkelig til opnåelse af den fuldstændige omdannelse af aminen til carbamat. Når den amin, som skal dealkyleres, kun har en eneste alkylgruppe, er det på dennes plads, at det a-chlore-rede chlorformiat bindes. Når den amin, som skal dealkyleres, har mere end én alkylgruppe, bindes chlorformiatet i stedet for den alkylglruppe, som lettest bryder sin binding til nitrogena-15 tornet.It is important that the solvent is absolutely anhydrous to avoid any decomposition of the chloroformate. The reaction is carried out in the heat under reflux of the solvent and it is therefore recommended to use a solvent with a relatively high boiling point so that one can operate at a sufficiently high temperature. Of course, it should be ensured that the reflux temperature valid for the solvent under the operating conditions in question is below the decomposition temperature of the reagents or the α-chlorinated carbamate which is forming. Under these conditions, a reaction duration of a few hours is usually sufficient to achieve the complete conversion of the amine to carbamate. When the amine to be dealkylated has only a single alkyl group, it is in its place that the α-chlorinated chloroformate is bonded. When the amine to be dealkylated has more than one alkyl group, the chloroformate is substituted for the alkyl group which most readily breaks its bond to the nitrogen atom.

Gruppen R3 i aminen, som altså er den afgående gruppe, er en aliphatisk gruppe med indtil 12 carbonatomer og fortrinsvis 1-8 carbonatomer. Som eksempler på sådanne grupper kan nævnes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl og deres eventuelle forgrenede homologe.The group R 3 in the amine, which is thus the leaving group, is an aliphatic group having up to 12 carbon atoms and preferably 1-8 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl and their optionally branched homologue.

20 I betragtning af lettilgængeligheden af de α-chlorerede chlorformiater, som benyttes ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, er det undertiden fordelagtigt, navnlig i vanskelige tilfælde, at benytte et meget stort overskud af det pågældende α-chlorerede chlorformiat i forhold til reaktionens normale støkiometri, dvs. i forhold til de grupper, som skal dealkyleres. Dette overskud 25 kan være så stort, at det fås ved, at man erstatter det indifferente opløsningsmiddel med det a-chlorerede chlorformiat selv. Der fås da en let adskillelse af reaktionsprodukteme, og i de tilfælde, hvor udbyttet af reaktionen i nærværelse af indifferente opløsningsmidler er forholdsvis lavt, en meget betydelig forbedring af udbyttet. En temperatur til gennemførelse af reaktionen på 50-150°C gør det muligt at dække de forskellige mulige situationer, idet det vil forstås, at 30 hvis den amin, som skal dealkyleres, er et meget bekosteligt stof, så foretrækker man at forbruge α-chloreret chlorformiat (ved termisk sønderdeling) snarere end at give afkald på anvendelsen af en høj temperatur og på forbedringen af udbyttet. Det vil forstås, at de a-chlorerede chlorformiater ved nedbrydning fører til gem.-dichlorerede derivater såsom 1,1-dichlorethan og CO2, som er harmløse, medens vinyliske chlorformiater kan føre til tjæreagtige rester (dårligt 35 definerede polymere), som er vanskelige at eliminere.In view of the easy availability of the α-chlorinated chloroformates used in the process of the invention, it is sometimes advantageous, especially in difficult cases, to use a very large excess of the α-chlorinated chloroformate in question, relative to the normal stoichiometry of the reaction, i.e. . relative to the groups to be dealkylated. This excess 25 may be so large as to be obtained by replacing the inert solvent with the a-chlorinated chloroformate itself. A slight separation of the reaction products is then obtained, and in those cases where the yield of the reaction in the presence of inert solvents is relatively low, a very considerable improvement in the yield. A temperature for carrying out the reaction of 50-150 ° C makes it possible to cover the various possible situations, it will be understood that if the amine to be dealkylated is a very expensive substance, then it is preferable to consume α- chlorinated chloroformate (by thermal decomposition) rather than relinquishing the use of a high temperature and improving the yield. It will be appreciated that the α-chlorinated chloroformates upon decomposition lead to gem-dichlorinated derivatives such as 1,1-dichloroethane and CO2 which are harmless, while vinyl chloroformates can lead to tar-like residues (poorly defined polymers) which are difficult to eliminate.

Når først det α-chlorerede chlorformiat har reageret helt med aminen, lader man blandingen genantage stuetemperatur, og man tilføjer den fornødne mængde af det hydroxylerede 6 DK 171764 B1 opløsningsmiddel. Alkanolerne, som gør det muligt at opnå en effektiv overskæring af det a-chlorerede carbamat, er lavmolekylære alkanoler med 1-4 carbonatomer. De ifølge opfindelsen foretrukne lette hydroxylerede opløsningsmidler er methanol, ethanol og vand, som tillader de bedte resultater. Reaktionsmiljøet omrøres da og bringes på en temperatur lidt over stue-5 temperatur, fortrinsvis 35-40°C. Efter en varighed af omrøringen under disse betingelser på 30-60 minutter er overskæringen af det α-chlorerede carbamat ved hjælp af det hydroxylerede opløsningsmiddel fuldstændig. Man eliminerer opløsningsmidlet ved destillation under formindsket tryk, hvorved man får hydrochloridet af den dealkylerede amin, som man vasker med et carbonhydrid som hexan og tørrer under vakuum.Once the α-chlorinated chloroformate has completely reacted with the amine, the mixture is allowed to re-enter room temperature and the required amount of the hydroxylated solvent is added. The alkanols, which allow an efficient cutting of the α-chlorinated carbamate, are low molecular weight alkanols of 1-4 carbon atoms. The preferred light hydroxylated solvents of the invention are methanol, ethanol and water which allow the desired results. The reaction environment is then stirred and brought to a temperature slightly above room temperature, preferably 35-40 ° C. After a period of stirring under these conditions of 30-60 minutes, the cutting of the α-chlorinated carbamate by the hydroxylated solvent is complete. The solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure to give the hydrochloride of the dealkylated amine which is washed with a hydrocarbon such as hexane and dried under vacuum.

1010

Det er således en af fordelene ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen at muliggøre den lette opnåelse af den dealkylerede amin i form af hydrochloridet. Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen gør det altså muligt at behandle talrige tertiære aminer og endog aminer, hvori nitrogenatomet er bundet til en aromatisk ring såsom Ν,Ν-dialkylanilin, hvor dealkyleringen går for at 15 være meget vanskelig ifølge den videnskabelige litteratur. Man har imidlertid gjort den iagttagelse, at for disse sidstnævnte aminer ligger udbytterne langt under dem, som fås generelt, og at der kræves meget lange reaktionstider til opnåelse af dannelsen af det som mellemprodukt optrædende α-chlorerede carbamat, medmindre man som anført arbejder med et overskud af α-chloreret chlorformiat som opløsningsmiddel. Iværksættelsen af fremgangsmåden ifølge 20 opfindelsen skal forklares nærmere gennem følgende eksempler.Thus, it is one of the advantages of the process of the invention to enable the ease of obtaining the dealkylated amine in the form of the hydrochloride. Thus, the process of the invention makes it possible to treat numerous tertiary amines and even amines in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to an aromatic ring such as Ν, dial-dialkylaniline, where the dealkylation proceeds to be very difficult according to the scientific literature. However, it has been observed that for these latter amines the yields are far below those generally obtained and that very long reaction times are required to achieve the formation of the intermediate α-chlorinated carbamate unless, as mentioned above, one works with a excess of α-chlorinated chloroformate as solvent. The implementation of the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples.

Eksempel 1Example 1

Deethylering af N-ethylpiperidinDeethylation of N-ethylpiperidine

25 ^ \ - Et -> ^ ^N-H, HCIN - H, HCl

Arbejdsmåde: I en reaktor på 250 ml med mekanisk omrører, termometer, nedadvendt kølerør og forlagskolbe indfører man efter at have skyllet apparatet med nitrogen 10,12 g (0,0708 mol) 1-chlorethylchlorformiat og 50 ml vandfrit 1,2-dichlorethan. Man tilsætter derpå, idet man hol-30 der temperaturen mellem -5° og 0°C, 8 g (0,0708 mol) N-ethylpiperidin opløst i 10 ml vandfrit 1,2-dichlorethan. Varigheden af tilsætningen er ca. 15 minutter. Efter afsluttet tilsætning bringer man reaktionsblandingen på tilbagesvalingstemperatur (83°C), idet omrøringen fortsættes ved denne temperatur i 1 time. Man lader derpå blandingen genantage stuetemperatur og tilsætter hurtigt på én gang 40 ml methanol.Procedure: In a 250 ml reactor with mechanical stirrer, thermometer, down-cooled tube and publisher flask, after rinsing the apparatus with nitrogen 10.12 g (0.0708 mole) of 1-chloroethyl chloroformate and 50 ml anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane are introduced. It is then added, keeping the temperature between -5 ° and 0 ° C, 8 g (0.0708 mole) of N-ethylpiperidine dissolved in 10 ml of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane. The duration of the addition is approx. 15 minutes. After completion of the addition, the reaction mixture is brought to reflux temperature (83 ° C), stirring being continued at this temperature for 1 hour. The mixture is then allowed to re-enter room temperature and 40 ml of methanol is rapidly added at once.

Reaktionsmiljøet omrøres derpå i 45 minutter ved 30-35°C, og derpå elimineres opløsningsmidlet ved fordampning under formindsket tryk.The reaction environment is then stirred for 45 minutes at 30-35 ° C and then the solvent is eliminated by evaporation under reduced pressure.

35 DK 171764 B1 735 DK 171764 B1 7

Det opnåede hydrochlorid af piperidin vaskes med hexan og tørres i tørrebeholder ved 1 mm Hg.The obtained hydrochloride of piperidine is washed with hexane and dried in drying vessel at 1 mm Hg.

Udbytte 8,5 g = 98,8%.Yield 8.5 g = 98.8%.

5 Smp. 246eC, ifølge litteraturen 244-245°C.M.p. 246 ° C, according to the literature 244-245 ° C.

N.M.R. spektrum: ingen urenhed påviselig.N.M.R. spectrum: no impurity detectable.

Dette udbytte er langt større end det ifølge eksempel 1 i US-A-3.905.981 (med ethylchlorformi-at, benzylchlorformiat, phenylchlorformiat og vinylchlorformiat).This yield is far greater than that of Example 1 of US-A-3,905,981 (with ethyl chloroformate, benzyl chloroformate, phenyl chloroformate and vinyl chloroformate).

1010

Eksempel 2Example 2

Demethylering af N-methylpiperidinDemethylation of N-methylpiperidine

. O CH3 -> O- H, HCI. O CH3 -> O- H, HCl

I en reaktor på 250 ml med mekanisk omrører, termometer, nedadvendt kølerør og forlagskolbe indfører man efter at have renset apparatet med nitrogen 10,01 g (0,07 mol) a-chlorethyl-chlorformiat og 50 ml vandfrit 1,2-dichlorethan.In a reactor of 250 ml with mechanical stirrer, thermometer, down-cooled tube and publisher flask, after purifying the apparatus with nitrogen, 10.01 g (0.07 mol) of a-chloroethyl chloroformate and 50 ml of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane are introduced.

20 Man tilsætter derpå i løbet af ca. 15 minutter og under opretholdelse af temperaturen mellem -5 og 0eC 6,93 g (0,08 mol) frisk destilleret N-methylpiperidin opløst i 10 ml vandfrit 1,2-di-chlorethan. Efter tilsætning af aminen opvarmer man reaktionsblandingen til tilbagesvaling under omrøring i 1 time.It is then added over a period of approx. 15 minutes and maintaining the temperature between -5 and 0C 6.93 g (0.08 mol) of freshly distilled N-methylpiperidine dissolved in 10 ml of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane. After adding the amine, the reaction mixture is heated to reflux with stirring for 1 hour.

25 Man lader genantage stuetemperatur og tilsætter hurtigt på én gang 40 ml methanol.The room temperature is allowed to react and 40 ml of methanol is quickly added at once.

Reaktionsblandingen omrøres derpå i 45 minutter ved 35-40°C, og derpå elimineres opløsningsmidlet ved fordampning under formindsket tryk.The reaction mixture is then stirred for 45 minutes at 35-40 ° C and then the solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure.

30 Det opnåede hydrochlorid af piperidin vaskes med n-hexan og tørres i tørreapparat ved 1 mm Hg.The obtained hydrochloride of piperidine is washed with n-hexane and dried in a dryer at 1 mm Hg.

Udbytte: 8,3 g = 97,6%.Yield: 8.3 g = 97.6%.

Smp. 244°C, ifølge litteraturen 244-245°C.Mp. 244 ° C, according to the literature 244-245 ° C.

35 N.M.R. spektrum: ingen urenhed påviselig.35 N.M.R. spectrum: no impurity detectable.

Dette udbytte er ligeledes større end det udbytte, som angives i eksempel 2 i US-A-3.905.981 for et produkt, som yderligere kræver en behandling til eliminering af VOC-gruppen.This yield is also greater than the yield given in Example 2 of US-A-3,905,981 for a product which further requires a treatment to eliminate the VOC group.

DK 171764 B1 8DK 171764 B1 8

Eksempel 3Example 3

Dethylering af triethylaminDetethylation of triethylamine

Et3N Et2NH, HCI 5Et3N Et2NH, HCl 5

Forsøget udføres med samme apparat og arbejdsmåde som i eksempel 1.The test is carried out with the same apparatus and working method as in Example 1.

Benyttede stofmængder: - a-chlorethylchlorformiat 10,01 g (0,07 mol) og 50 ml 1,2-dichlorethan og 10 - friskdestilleret triethylamin 7,07 g (0,08 mol) og 10 ml 1,2-dichlorethan.Substances used: - α-chloroethyl chloroformate 10.01 g (0.07 mol) and 50 ml 1,2-dichloroethane and 10 - freshly distilled triethylamine 7.07 g (0.08 mol) and 10 ml 1,2-dichloroethane.

Der fås 6,5 g hydrochlorid af diethylamin svarende til et udbytte på 85%.6.5 g of hydrochloride of diethylamine are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 85%.

Smp. 229-230eC, ifølge literaturen 227-230eC.Mp. 229-230eC, according to the literature 227-230eC.

N.M.R. spektrum: ingen urenhed påviselig.N.M.R. spectrum: no impurity detectable.

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Eksempel 4Example 4

Debenzylering af N,N-dimethylbenzylamin /-\ ch3 ch3>s^^Debenzylation of N, N-dimethylbenzylamine / - \ ch3 ch3> s ^^

-i- NH, HCL-H NH, HCL

2o \vy/ \c„3 CH^2o \ vy / \ c „3 CH ^

Forsøget udføres som beskrevet i eksempel 1 med: - 10,01 g (0,07 mol) a-chlorethylchlorformiat og 50 ml 1,2-dichlorethan og - 9,45 g (0,07 mol) N.N-dimethylbenzylamin, frisk destilleret, og 10 ml 1,2-dichlorethan.The test is carried out as described in Example 1 with: - 10.01 g (0.07 mol) of α-chloroethyl chloroformate and 50 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane and - 9.45 g (0.07 mol) of NN-dimethylbenzylamine, freshly distilled, and 10 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane.

2525

Der fås 5,7 g hydrochlorid af dimethylamin svarende til et udbytte på 91,5% rent produkt.5.7 g of dimethylamine hydrochloride is obtained corresponding to a yield of 91.5% pure product.

Smp. 165°C, ifølge litteraturen 170-171°C.Mp. 165 ° C, according to the literature 170-171 ° C.

Eksempel 5 30 Demethylering af tropin, fremstilling af hydrochloridet af nortropin γη ^ H’ HC1 DK 171764 B1 9Example 5 Demethylation of tropin, preparation of the hydrochloride of nortropin γη ^ H 'HCl DK 171764 B1 9

Forsøget udføres som beskrevet i eksempel 1 med: - 20,0 g (0,14 mol) α-chlorethylchlorformiat i 50 ml 1,2-dichlorethan og - 6,5 g (0,046 mol) tropin sublimeret ved 100eC/0,3 mm Hg og 10 ml 1,2-dichlorethan.The test is carried out as described in Example 1 with: - 20.0 g (0.14 mol) of α-chloroethyl chloroformate in 50 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane and - 6.5 g (0.046 mol) of tropine sublimated at 100 ° C / 0.3 mm Hg and 10 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane.

5 Der fås 7,5 g hydrochlorid af nortropin, hvilket svarer til et udbytte på 78% rent produkt.5 7.5 g of hydrochloride of nortropine is obtained, which corresponds to a yield of 78% pure product.

Smp. 283°C, ifølge litteraturen 285eC.Mp. 283 ° C, according to the literature 285 ° C.

Eksempel 6Example 6

Demethylering af N,N-dimethylanilin 10 15 Man benytter det i eksempel 1 beskrevne apparat.Demethylation of N, N-dimethylaniline 10 The apparatus described in Example 1 is used.

Man indfører i reaktoren 10,1 g (0,07 mol) α-chlorethylchlorformiat og 50 ml vandfrit 1,2-di-chlorethan. Man tilsætter derpå i løbet af 15 minutter under opretholdelse af temperaturen mellem -5 og 0°C 8,47 g (0,07 mol) frisk destileret dimethylanilin i 10 ml vandfrit 1,2-di-20 chlorethan.10.1 g (0.07 mol) of α-chloroethyl chloroformate and 50 ml of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane are introduced into the reactor. Then, over 15 minutes while maintaining the temperature between -5 and 0 ° C, 8.47 g (0.07 mol) of freshly distilled dimethylaniline in 10 ml of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane are added.

Man tilbagesvaler i 30 timer, afkøler til stuetemperatur og vasker to gange med 100 ml fortyndet saltsyre og en gang med 100 ml vand.Reflux for 30 hours, cool to room temperature and wash twice with 100 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and once with 100 ml of water.

25 Man tørrer den organiske fase på magnesiumsuifat og tilsætter hurtigt på én gang 40 ml methanol.The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate and 40 ml of methanol is rapidly added at once.

Reaktionsblandingen omrøres derpå 1 time ved 35-40°C, og derpå elimineres opløsningsmidlet ved fordampning under formindsket tryk.The reaction mixture is then stirred for 1 hour at 35-40 ° C and then the solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure.

3030

Hydrochloridet af N-methylanilin vaskes derpå med n-hexan og tørres i tørreapparat ved 1 mm Hg.The hydrochloride of N-methylaniline is then washed with n-hexane and dried in a dryer at 1 mm Hg.

Udbytte 3,6 g = 36%, rent produkt.Yield 3.6 g = 36%, pure product.

35 Smp. 126°C, ifølge litteraturen 122-123°C.M.p. 126 ° C, according to the literature 122-123 ° C.

Man får altså i et eneste reaktionstrin et yderst rent produkt.So in a single reaction step you get a very clean product.

DK 171764 B1 10DK 171764 B1 10

Eksempel 7Example 7

Deethylering af N-ethylpiperidin ved hjælp af 1 -chlorpentylchlorformiat Arbejdsmåden er som i eksempel 1, og de benyttede udgangsmaterialer er som følger: - 1-chlorpentylchlorformiat 7,4 g (0,04 mol) i 30 ml 1,2-dichlorethan og 5 - N-ethylpiperidin 452 g (0,04 mol) i 10 ml 1,2-dichlorethan.Deethylation of N-ethylpiperidine by 1-chloropentyl chloroformate The procedure is as in Example 1 and the starting materials used are as follows: - 1-chloropentylchloroformate 7.4 g (0.04 mol) in 30 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane and 5 - N-Ethylpiperidine 452 g (0.04 mole) in 10 ml 1,2-dichloroethane.

Efter behandling med methanol (25 ml) får man 4,6 g (94,5%) hydrochlorid af piperidin med smp. 244°C.After treatment with methanol (25 ml) 4.6 g (94.5%) of hydrochloride of piperidine are obtained with m.p. 244 ° C.

10 Eksempel 8Example 8

Dette forsøg er identisk med eksempel 1, idet dog methanolet erstattes med samme mængde ethanol. Der fås 8,45 g (99,3%) hydrochlorid af piperidin med smp. 244°C.This experiment is identical to Example 1, except that the methanol is replaced with the same amount of ethanol. 8.45 g (99.3%) of hydrochloride of piperidine are obtained, m.p. 244 ° C.

Eksempel 9 15 Dette forsøg er identisk med eksempel 1, men man erstatter 1,2-dichlorethan med methylen-chlorid. Der behøves 2 timers opvarmning til tilbagesvaling af dette opløsningsmiddel til gennemførelse af præparationen af det α-chlorerede carbamat.Example 9 This experiment is identical to Example 1, but 1,2-dichloroethane is replaced by methylene chloride. 2 hours of heating is required to reflux this solvent to complete the preparation of the α-chlorinated carbamate.

Ud fra 7,91 g (0,07 mol) N-ethylpiperidin får man 8,5 g (100%) hydrochlorid af piperidin. Smp.From 7.91 g (0.07 mol) of N-ethylpiperidine 8.5 g (100%) of hydrochloride of piperidine are obtained. Mp.

20 244-245°C.244-245 ° C.

Eksempel 10Example 10

Dette eksempel er identisk med eksempel 9, idet dog methylenchloridet erstattes med carbon-tetrachlorid.This example is identical to Example 9, except that the methylene chloride is replaced by carbon tetrachloride.

2525

Tilbagesvalingstiden til fremstilling af det α-chlorerede carbamat er 1 time. Der fås 8,3 g (97,5%) hydrochlorid af piperidin med smp. 244-246eC.The reflux time to prepare the α-chlorinated carbamate is 1 hour. 8.3 g (97.5%) of hydrochloride of piperidine are obtained, m.p. 244-246eC.

Eksempel 11 30 Dette forsøg er identisk med eksempel 10, men det benyttede opløsningsmiddel er tetrahydro-furan. Der fås 8,4 g (98,8%) hydrochlorid af piperidin. Smp. 244-245°C.Example 11 This experiment is identical to Example 10, but the solvent used is tetrahydrofuran. 8.4 g (98.8%) of hydrochloride of piperidine are obtained. Mp. 244-245 ° C.

Eksempel 12Example 12

Dette forsøg er identisk med eksempel 10, men det benyttede opløsningsmiddel er toluen. Der 35 fås 8,3 g (97,6%) hydrochlorid af piperidin. Smp. 244-245°C.This experiment is identical to Example 10, but the solvent used is toluene. 8.3 g (97.6%) of hydrochloride of piperidine are obtained. Mp. 244-245 ° C.

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Eksempel 13Example 13

Demethyiering af N-methylmorpholinDemethylation of N-methylmorpholine

Operationsbetingelserne er som i eksempel 1. Man benytter 7,07 g (0,07 mol) N-methylmor-pholin og 10,01 g (0,07 mol) a-chlorethylchlorformiat og får 8,3 g (96%) hydrochloric! af mor-5 pholin. Smp. 174-177°C, ifølge litteraturen 175®C.The operating conditions are as in Example 1. 7.07 g (0.07 mole) of N-methylmorpholine and 10.01 g (0.07 mole) of a-chloroethyl chloroformate are used and 8.3 g (96%) of hydrochloric acid are obtained. of morphine. Mp. 174-177 ° C, according to the literature 175 ° C.

Eksempel 14-17Examples 14-17

Som eksempel 6 ovenfor viser, bliver det gennem opfindelsen muligt at dealkylere aromatiske aminer trods vanskeligheden ved dette forehavende. I den følgende række forsøg har man 10 vist interessen i at arbejde med α-chloreret chlorformiat som eneste opløsningsmiddel. Det første forsøg har bestået i at forsøge monodeethylering af 8-diethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrodi-benzofuran (DTB) ved hjælp af vinylchlorformiat.As Example 6 above shows, it is possible through the invention to dealkylate aromatic amines despite the difficulty of this invention. In the following series of experiments, the interest in working with α-chlorinated chloroformate as the sole solvent has been demonstrated. The first attempt has been to attempt the monodeethylation of 8-diethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrodi-benzofuran (DTB) by vinyl chloroformate.

Man er gået ud fra betingelserne i eksempel 1 i US-A-3.905.981, dvs. i 1,2-dichlorethan, idet 15 man har erstattet N-ethylpiperidin med samme molmængde DTB.The conditions of Example 1 of US-A-3,905,981, i.e. in 1,2-dichloroethane, replacing N-ethylpiperidine with the same mole amount of DTB.

Der sker ingen reaktion, selv om man udstrækker tilbagesvalingstiden til 48 timer.No reaction occurs, although the reflux time is extended to 48 hours.

Man har benyttet (eksempel 15) de foregående betingelser, men har erstattet vinylchlorformia-20 tet med a-chlorethylchlorformiat, og man har foretaget indføringen af amin ved -5°C i stedet for -35°C.The above conditions have been used (Example 15), but the vinyl chloroformate has been replaced with α-chloroethyl chloroformate and the introduction of amine at -5 ° C instead of -35 ° C.

Forløbet af reaktionen følges under tilbagesvalingen ved dampfasechromatografi (SE 30, søjle på 3,2 mm diameter og længde 2,5 m ved 250eC med et indgangstryk på 2,2 kg/cm2). Idet 25 fraktionerne behandles med natriumhydroxid, konstaterer man, at reaktionen er langsom.The course of the reaction is followed during the reflux by vapor phase chromatography (SE 30, column of 3.2 mm diameter and length 2.5 m at 250 ° C with an input pressure of 2.2 kg / cm 2). As the 25 fractions are treated with sodium hydroxide, the reaction is found to be slow.

Efter 48 timers forløb får man et udbytte på 40% monodeethyleret amin, idet man underkaster reaktionsblandingen følgende behandling: Sønderdeling med blandingen i overskud i 1 time ved 40°C og derefter indhældning i en 10%'s vandig natriumhydroxidopløsning, ekstraktion 30 med ether, syrning af den organiske fase med 10%'s HCI, vaskning af den vandige fase med ether, tilbageføring til basisk miljø og genekstraktion med ether.After 48 hours, a yield of 40% monodeethylated amine is obtained by subjecting the reaction mixture to the following: Decomposition with the mixture in excess for 1 hour at 40 ° C and then pouring into a 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, extraction with ether, acidification of the organic phase with 10% HCl, washing of the aqueous phase with ether, return to basic environment and gene extraction with ether.

I et nyt forsøg (eksempel 16) arbejder man uden opløsningsmiddel. I en reaktor på 50 ml anbringer man 2 mM DTB (480 mg) og 3 ml (3,7 g eller 26 mM) α-chlorethylchlorformiat. Man 35 opvarmer til 130°C og lader reaktionen foregå i 30 timer. Reaktionsblandingen underkastes derpå samme behandling som i eksempel 15, og man får et klart forbedret udbytte på 83%.In another experiment (Example 16), one works without solvent. In a 50 ml reactor, 2 mM DTB (480 mg) and 3 ml (3.7 g or 26 mM) of α-chloroethyl chloroformate are charged. The mixture is heated to 130 ° C and allowed to proceed for 30 hours. The reaction mixture is then subjected to the same treatment as in Example 15 and a significantly improved yield of 83% is obtained.

DK 171764 B1 12DK 171764 B1 12

Man gentager (eksempel 17) foranstående reaktion ud fra 5,6 mM DTB og 11,2 mM a-chloreret chlorformiat. Der fås, stadig efter 30 timers forløb ved 130eC, 89% af den på samme måde isolerede forbindelse 5 Eksempel 18The above reaction is repeated (Example 17) from 5.6 mM DTB and 11.2 mM α-chlorinated chloroformate. 89% of the similarly isolated compound is obtained, after 30 hours at 130 ° C. Example 18

Man gentager eksempel 16, idet man blot erstatter DTB med diaminen med formlen som kun adskiller sig fra DTB ved at have et carbonatom mindre i den cycloaliphatiske sidering.Example 16 is repeated, simply replacing DTB with the diamine of formula which differs from DTB only by having a carbon atom smaller in the cycloaliphatic siding.

Der fås et udbytte på 80% isoleret monodeethyleret forbindelse.An 80% yield of isolated monodeethylated compound is obtained.

1515

Eksempel 19Example 19

Man gentager eksempel 16, idet man erstatter DTB med 8-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzofuran, og idet man modificerer reaktionstiden.Example 16 is repeated, replacing DTB with 8-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzofuran, and modifying the reaction time.

20 Efter kun 1 times forløb ved 130°C får man i et udbytte på 86% det isolerede monodeme-thylerede stof.After only one hour at 130 ° C, the isolated monodemethylated substance is obtained in 86% yield.

Eksempel 20 I en reaktor på 250 ml med mekanisk omrører, termometer, forrådskolbe og nedadvendende 25 kølerør indfører man 10,12 g (0,078 mol) 1-chlorethylchlorformiat og 50 ml vandfrit 1,2-dichlor-ethan. Man tilsætter derpå 8 g N-ethylpiperidin (0,0708 mol) opløst i 10 ml 1,2-dichlorethan i vandfri tilstand, idet man holder temperaturen mellem -5 og 0#C.Example 20 In a reactor of 250 ml with mechanical stirrer, thermometer, stock flask and downwardly cooling cooling pipe, 10.12 g (0.078 mole) of 1-chloroethyl chloroformate and 50 ml of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane are introduced. 8 g of N-ethylpiperidine (0.0708 mol) dissolved in 10 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane in anhydrous state is then added, keeping the temperature between -5 and 0 ° C.

Efter afsluttet tilsætning opvarmes reaktionsblandingen 1 time til tilbagesvaling af opløsnings-30 midlet (83eC) og bringes derefter på stuetemperatur, idet opløsningsmidlet afdampes på roterende fordamper. Til den således opnåede rest sætter man 40 ml THF og 2 ml vand, og denne blanding omrøres 1 time 30 minutter ved 40°C (I.R.-analyse ->vCsO ved 1720 cm'”' angiver, at der resterer carbamat). Til denne blanding sætter man 2,5 ml vand, og man omrører atter 1 time 30 minutter under tilbagesvaling af THF (66°C) (I.R.-analyse angiver, at der stadig reste-35 rer carbamat).After completion of the addition, the reaction mixture is heated for 1 hour to reflux the solvent (83 ° C) and then brought to room temperature, evaporating the solvent on a rotary evaporator. To the residue thus obtained, 40 ml of THF and 2 ml of water are added and this mixture is stirred for 1 hour 30 minutes at 40 ° C (I.R. analysis -> vCsO at 1720 cm '”indicates residual carbamate). To this mixture is added 2.5 ml of water and again stirred for 1 hour 30 minutes under reflux of THF (66 ° C) (I.R. analysis indicates that carbamate remains).

DK 171764 B1 13DK 171764 B1 13

Efter 3 timers behandling på denne måde, hvor omdannelsen af carbamat til hydrochlorid kun er ca. 50%, tilsætter man 40 ml methanol og omrører 45 minutter ved 40-45°C. Man får da hydrochloridet af piperidin i godt udbytte. Man ser, at vandet gør det muligt at gå fra carbama-tet til hydrochloridet af sekundær amin, men at methanol er det overlegent til dette formål.After 3 hours of treatment in this way, where the conversion of carbamate to hydrochloride is only approx. 50%, 40 ml of methanol is added and stirred for 45 minutes at 40-45 ° C. The hydrochloride of piperidine is then obtained in good yield. It is seen that the water makes it possible to go from the carbamate to the hydrochloride of secondary amine, but methanol is superior for this purpose.

Claims (7)

1. Fremgangsmåde til dealkylering af en tertiær amin med i det mindste én aliphatisk gruppe og med formlenA process for dealkylating a tertiary amine of at least one aliphatic group and of the formula 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at gruppen R4 i det a-chlorerede 35 chlorformiat er en lavmolekylær alkylrest.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the group R 4 in the a-chlorinated chloroformate is a low molecular weight alkyl residue. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet ved, at ved α-chlorerede chlorformiat er 1-chlor-ethylchlorformiat.Process according to claim 2, characterized in that with α-chlorinated chloroformate is 1-chloroethyl chloroformate. 4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1-3, kendetegnet ved, at det hydroxylerede opløs ningsmiddel er methanol. DK 171764 B1Process according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the hydroxylated solvent is methanol. DK 171764 B1 5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1-4, kendetegnet ved, at aminen vælges blandt tri-ethylamin, trimethylamin, N-methylpiperidin, N-ethylpiperidin, tropin, N-methylmorpholin, N,N-dimethylanilin, Ν,Ν-diethylanilin, morphin, codein, a-***, β-***, thebain, N-alkyl-acyl-oxy-14-morphinaneme, Ν,Ν-dimethyl-benzylamin, diethylamino-8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-dibenzofu- 5 ran, dimethylamino-8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-benzofuran og forbindelsen med formlen (EtbNProcess according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the amine is selected from triethylamine, trimethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, tropine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N-dimethylaniline, Ν, diet-diethylaniline, morphine, codeine, α-***e, β-***e, thebain, N-alkyl-acyl-oxy-14-morphinamines, Ν, Ν-dimethyl-benzylamine, diethylamino-8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-dibenzofuran , dimethylamino-8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,4-benzofuran and the compound of formula (EtbN 5 Ri- N - R3 r2 hvor Ri og R2 betegner aliphatiske eller cycloaliphatiske, mættede eller umættede, substituerede eller usubstituerede grupper eller substituerede eller usubstituerede aromatiske grupper, 10 eller grupperne R-| og R2 sammen med nitrogenatomet, hvortil de er bundet, danner en substitueret eller usubstitueret ring, og R3 betegner en aliphatisk gruppe, kendetegnet ved, at man omsætter en amin R1" P - r3 15 I R2 hvor R-j, R2 og R3 har de ovenfor anførte betydninger, med et α-chloreret chlorformiat med formlen R4- CH - O - C - ClR 1 - N - R 3 r 2 where R 1 and R 2 represent aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted groups or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic groups, or the groups R- | and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a substituted or unsubstituted ring, and R3 represents an aliphatic group characterized by reacting an amine R1 "P - r3 in R2 wherein Rj, R2 and R3 have the above meanings, with an α-chlorinated chloroformate of the formula R4-CH - O - C - Cl 20. II Cl o hvor R4 betegner en mættet aliphatisk gruppe, som eventuelt er substitueret med halogen atomer, i varmen under tilbagesvaling til opnåelse af et α-chloreret carbamat med formlen Rr N - C - O - CH - R420. II C10 where R4 represents a saturated aliphatic group, optionally substituted with halogen atoms, in the heat under reflux to give an α-chlorinated carbamate of the formula Rr N - C - O - CH - R4 25 III I R2 o Cl hvor R-j, R2 og R4 har samme betydning som ovenfor, hvorefter man afkøler den opnåede blanding til stuetemperatur og derefter behandler det således opnåede α-chlorerede carbamat med et hydroxyleret opløsningsmiddel med formlen R5OH, hvor R5 betegner en ligekædet 30 eller forgrenet aliphatisk gruppe med 1-4 carbonatomer eller et hydrogenatom, under omrøring til opnåelse af en forbindelse med formlen Ri-NH-R2, hvor Ri og R2 har ovennævnte betydninger.III in R 2 o Cl wherein R 1, R 2 and R 4 have the same meaning as above, after which the obtained mixture is cooled to room temperature and then the α-chlorinated carbamate thus obtained is treated with a hydroxylated solvent of the formula R 5 OH, where R 5 represents a straight chain 30 or branched aliphatic group having 1-4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, with stirring to give a compound of formula R 1 -NH-R 2, wherein R 1 and R 2 have the above meanings. 6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1-5, kendetegnet ved, at man foretager omsætningen af aminen med det α-chlorerede chlorformiat i nærværelse af et halogeneret carbonhydridop- 15 løsningsmiddel.Process according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the reaction of the amine is carried out with the α-chlorinated chloroformate in the presence of a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent. 7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1-5, kendetegnet ved, at man udfører omsætningen mellem aminen og det α-chlorerede chlorformiat i fraværelse af opløsningsmiddel og i nærværelse af et overskud af α-chloreret chlorformiat. 20Process according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the reaction is carried out between the amine and the α-chlorinated chloroformate in the absence of solvent and in the presence of an excess of α-chlorinated chloroformate. 20
DK325681A 1980-07-24 1981-07-22 Process for dealkylation of tertiary amines DK171764B1 (en)

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FR8016311A FR2487340A1 (en) 1980-07-24 1980-07-24 NOVEL PROCESS FOR THE DEALKYLATION OF TERTIARY AMINES BY USE OF A-CHLORINE CHLOROFORMIATES

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