DK171735B1 - Use of lime soaps and / or magnesium soaps in biogas production and method of biogas production - Google Patents
Use of lime soaps and / or magnesium soaps in biogas production and method of biogas production Download PDFInfo
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- DK171735B1 DK171735B1 DK365387A DK365387A DK171735B1 DK 171735 B1 DK171735 B1 DK 171735B1 DK 365387 A DK365387 A DK 365387A DK 365387 A DK365387 A DK 365387A DK 171735 B1 DK171735 B1 DK 171735B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Description
DK 171735 B1DK 171735 B1
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår anvendelse af kalksæber og/eller magniumsæber ved biogasfremstilling samt en fremgangsmåde ved fremstilling af biogas.The present invention relates to the use of lime soaps and / or magnesium soaps in biogas production as well as to a method of biogas production.
I mange tilfælde baseres biogasfremstilling hoved-5 sagelig eller udelukkende på husdyrgødning og urin, såkaldt gylle, eller på råslam eller aktivt slam fra rensningsanlæg. Imidlertid kan mange andre affaldsstoffer indgå i det i en biogasreaktor gærende substrat, dels som en nyttig foranstaltning til at slippe af med sådan-10 ne affaldstoffer, dels for at tjene som energitilskud og dermed forøge udbyttet af biogas, der som bekendt overvejende består af metan.In many cases, biogas production is based mainly or solely on livestock manure and urine, so-called manure, or on raw sludge or active sludge from wastewater treatment plants. However, many other wastes can be included in the substrate fermented in a biogas reactor, partly as a useful measure to get rid of such wastes, and partly to serve as an energy supplement and thus increase the yield of biogas which, as is known, consists predominantly of methane. .
Det er en nærliggende tanke at bruge affaldsfedtstoffer som sådant supplerende gæringssubstrat. Det med-15 fører imidlertid en række problemer som det hidtil har været anset for vanskeligt at løse.It is an obvious thought to use waste grease as such an additional fermentation substrate. However, it causes a number of problems that it has hitherto considered difficult to solve.
Slam anvendt i biogasreaktorer har et vandindhold på omkring 85-95% og er dermed ret letflydende ligesom gylle hyppigst er. Når der tilsættes fedt, fx triglyceri-20 der, kan det stige opad i reaktoren og fanges i flyde-lag.Sludge used in biogas reactors has a water content of about 85-95% and is thus quite liquid as slurry is most frequent. When fat is added, such as triglycerides, it can rise upward in the reactor and be trapped in flow layers.
Fedtet vil under gæringsprocesserne først blive hydrolyseret til frie fedtsyrer og glycerol, og de frie fedtsyrer danner ved pH ca 7 - der er normal i biogasre-25 aktorer - ammoniumsæber på grund af de nitrogenholdige forbindelser i gyllen og slammet. Ammoniumsæberne kan give voldsomme skumningsproblemer ved gasafgangen.During fermentation, the fat will first be hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and glycerol, and the free fatty acids form at pH about 7 - which is normal in biogas reactors - ammonium soaps due to the nitrogenous compounds in the slurry and sludge. The ammonium soaps can cause severe foaming problems at the gas exit.
Fedttilsætningen kan desuden i sig selv give en kraftig gasudvikling som kan føre til driftsforstyrrel-30 se i kombination med selv svag skumning.In addition, the fat addition in itself can give a strong gas evolution which can lead to operational disturbances in combination with even weak foaming.
Endelig kan hinder af ammoniumsæber og eventuelt al-kalimetalsæber lægge sig omkring mikroorganismerne og/ eller partikler af forgæringsmateriale og derved dæmpe gæringsstofskiftet.Finally, impurities of ammonium soaps and optionally alkali metal soaps can settle around the microorganisms and / or fermentation material particles, thereby dampening the fermentation change.
35 2 DK 171735 B135 2 DK 171735 B1
Fra europæisk patentskrift nr. 114.769 kendes der en fremgangsmåde til produktion af metan ved anaerob gæring af organiske substrater ved i øvrigt normale betingelser, ved hvilken der i gæringsmediet indgår en ringe mængde -5 0,001-0,35 mM/1 - af en umættet fedtsyre (eller ester der af) som indeholder 18-22 kulstofatomer og mindst to olefi-niske dobbeltbindinger. Det påvises i skriftet at gasudbyttet herved forøges væsentligt. Disse fedtsyrer virker således som aktivatorer, men bidrager ikke nævneværdigt til 10 energiforsyningen. Det må antages at tilsætning af væsentligt større mængder af disse fedtsyrer vil medføre de ovennævnte ulemper. Det fremgår i øvrigt af skriftets indledning at de nævnte fedtsyrer siden 1967 har været kendt som inhibitorer af metanproduktion.European Patent Specification No. 114,769 discloses a process for the production of methane by anaerobic fermentation of organic substrates under otherwise normal conditions, wherein the fermentation medium contains a small amount of -5 0.001-0.35 mM / 1 - of an unsaturated fatty acid. (or esters thereof) containing 18-22 carbon atoms and at least two olefinic double bonds. It is shown in the document that the gas yield is thereby substantially increased. Thus, these fatty acids act as activators, but do not contribute significantly to the energy supply. It is believed that adding substantially larger amounts of these fatty acids will cause the aforementioned disadvantages. Moreover, it appears from the introduction of the script that the fatty acids mentioned since 1967 have been known as inhibitors of methane production.
15 Af europæisk patentskrift nr. 159.972 fremgår det overensstemmende hermed at harpikssyrer og højere fedtsyrer og natriumsalte deraf er giftige for metanbakterier ved anaerob behandling af spildevand, og at tilsætning alene af jernsalte og/eller aluminiumsalte ingen virkning har 20 på toxiciteten og at toxiciteten kun påvirkes i ringe grad ved tilsætning af alene kalciumsalte og/eller magniumsalte. Derimod ophæves toxiciteten ved tilsætning af dels jern-og/eller aluminiumsalte og dels kalcium- og/eller magniumsalte .15 According to European Patent No. 159,972 it is stated that resin acids and higher fatty acids and sodium salts thereof are toxic to methane bacteria in the anaerobic treatment of wastewater, and that addition of iron salts and / or aluminum salts only has no effect on the toxicity and that the toxicity is only affected. to a small extent by the addition of calcium salts alone and / or magnesium salts. In contrast, toxicity is abolished by the addition of both iron and / or aluminum salts and partly calcium and / or magnesium salts.
25 På denne baggrund er det overraskende at man kan løse eller i det mindste væsentligt begrænse de foran beskrevne problemer ved anvendelse af en blanding indeholdende kalksæber og/eller magniumsæber som energitilskud ved biogasfremstilling.Against this background, it is surprising that one can solve or at least substantially limit the problems described above by using a mixture containing lime soaps and / or magnesium soaps as an energy supplement in biogas production.
30 Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er af den art ved hvilken man i en biogasreaktor fremstiller biogas under anvendelse af fedtsyreholdigt materiale som en del af energikilden, og fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved at der i tilførslen af energiholdigt materiale 35 til biogasreaktoren indgår en blanding indeholdende kalksæber og/eller magniumsæber.The process according to the invention is of the kind in which a biogas reactor produces biogas using fatty acid-containing material as part of the energy source, and the process according to the invention is characterized in that in the supply of energy-containing material 35 to the biogas reactor a mixture containing lime soaps is included. / or magnesium soaps.
3 DK 171735 B13 DK 171735 B1
Ved kalk- og magniumsæber menes i denne beskrivelse med krav ikke blot Ca- og Mg-salte af fedtsyrer, men generelt Ca- og Mg-salte af lipider, idet der hermed i beskrivelsen menes stoffer der i overensstemmelse med de-5 finitionen i The Condensed Chemical Directionary, 8. udgave, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1971, er stoffer der er (i) forholdsvis uopløselige i vand men opløselige i fedtopløsningsmidler såsom benzen, kloroform, acetone og æter, (ii) faktisk eller potentielt be-10 slægtede med fedtsyreestere og (iii) udnyttelige i dyreorganismer. Foruden mono-, di- og triglycerider sigtes der således med ordet lipider bl.a. til frie fedtsyrer og fosfolipider såsom lecitiner.By lime and magnesium soaps, in this specification, claims refer to not only Ca and Mg salts of fatty acids, but generally Ca and Mg salts of lipids, by which the term refers to substances which in accordance with the definition of The Condensed Chemical Directionary, 8th Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1971, are substances that are (i) relatively insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents such as benzene, chloroform, acetone and ether, (ii) actual or potentially 10 are related to fatty acid esters and (iii) usable in animal organisms. In addition to mono-, di- and triglycerides, the term lipids is thus used, among other things, to to free fatty acids and phospholipids such as lecithins.
Ved den i biogasreaktoren herskende pH-værdi på ca 15 7 nedbrydes den typiske kalksæbe, altså kalciumsalte af fedtsyrer, langsomt til fedtsyrer og kalcium, mens andre lipidsalte undergår analoge reaktioner. Fedtsyrerne nedbrydes ved forgæringen til metan og kuldioxid, mens kalcium fældes som CaCO^· Analoge forhold gælder for magni-20 umsæber her som i de følgende dele af beskrivelsen, der derfor i hovedsagen forklarer opfindelsen som anvendelse af kalksæber.At the pH value of about 15 7 in the biogas reactor, the typical lime soap, ie calcium salts of fatty acids, slowly decomposes to fatty acids and calcium, while other lipid salts undergo analogous reactions. The fatty acids are broken down by fermentation to methane and carbon dioxide, while calcium is precipitated as CaCO 2. Analogous conditions apply to magnesium soaps here as in the following parts of the specification, which therefore essentially explain the invention as the use of lime soaps.
Når fedtsyrerne er tilsat i form af kalksæber, holdes ligevægtskoncentrationen af fedtsyrer i det under 25 forgæring (rådning) værende slam på grund af den langsomme spaltning af kalksæberne stedse så lav, at der ikke opstår risiko for nævneværdig dannelse af af ammoniumsæber, og der sker derfor ingen stormende reaktion med kraftig skumning, der ville kunne bevirke tilstop-30 ning af ledninger i reaktoren, herunder dens afgangsled ninger for dannet biogas.When the fatty acids are added in the form of lime soaps, the equilibrium concentration of fatty acids in the sludge under 25 fermentation (decay) is kept so low due to the slow decomposition of the lime soaps that there is no risk of significant formation of ammonium soaps and therefore, no stormy reaction with heavy foaming that could cause clogging of pipelines in the reactor, including its effluent for biogas generated.
Kalksæberne kan tilsættes som sådanne, idet der fra forskellige industrikilder fremkommer affaldsfedt i form af kalksæber, fx fra levnedsmiddelindustrien og medicinal-35 industrien.The lime soaps can be added as such, resulting from various industrial sources of grease in the form of lime soaps, for example from the food industry and the pharmaceutical industry.
Som kalksæbekilde kan man imidlertid også anvende andre kilder til affaldsfedt, idet man inden indføringen deraf i biogasreaktoren omsætter den med findelt kalk 4 DK 171735 B1 (CaO), fx i form af brændt kalk eller læsket kalk (CafOH^)); brændt kalk er den billigste kalciumkilde og har samtidig den fordel at der udvikles varme ved den læskningsproces, kalken undergår ved kalkbehandling af 5 fedtet i vandig fase.However, other sources of waste grease can also be used as a lime-soap source, since before it is introduced into the biogas reactor it is reacted with finely divided lime (eg in the form of burnt lime or slaked lime (CafOH 2)); roasted lime is the cheapest source of calcium and at the same time has the advantage of developing heat in the curing process that the lime undergoes by lime treatment of the 5 fat in aqueous phase.
Ved kalksæbefremstilling med brændt kalk eller læsket kalk forsæbes stort set alle mono-, di- og trigly-cerider og der fremkommer fri glycerol. Som kalksæbekil-de kan man derfor ifølge opfindelsen anvende hele det 10 ved Ca- og/eller Mg-fedtforsæbning fremkomne glycerol-holdige reaktionsprodukt som energitilskud ved biogasfremstilling, da glycerol er et udmærket substrat for de bakterier der er virksomme i biogasreaktorer.In lime soap production with burnt lime or slaked lime, virtually all mono-, di- and triglycerides are saponified and free glycerol is obtained. Therefore, as a lime soap source, the whole of the glycerol-containing reaction product obtained by Ca and / or Mg saponification can be used as an energy supplement in biogas production, since glycerol is an excellent substrate for the bacteria active in biogas reactors.
Specielt kan man ifølge opfindelsen anvende den ved 15 Ca- og/eller Mg-forsæbning af affaldsstoffer eller affaldsmateriale indeholdende fedtstoffer fremkomne gly-cerolholdige blanding som energitilskud ved biogasfremstilling .In particular, according to the invention, the glycerol-containing mixture obtained as an energy supplement in biogas production can be used in 15 Ca and / or Mg saponification of waste material or waste material containing fats.
Glycerolindholdet virker desuden fremmende på kal-20 ciumsæbeopslæmningen i biogasreaktoren. Effekten kan en ten bero på at glycerol virker som befugtningsfremmende stof eller på at glycerolen er indblandet i kalksæbemas-sen på en sådan måde at denne masse falder fra hinanden i meget fine partikler når glycerolen opløses i en stør-25 re vandmængde.In addition, the glycerol content promotes the calcium soap slurry in the biogas reactor. The effect may be due to the fact that glycerol acts as a moisturizing agent or that the glycerol is mixed into the lime soap mass in such a way that this mass falls apart into very fine particles when the glycerol is dissolved in a larger volume of water.
Kalksæbe fremstillet af glycerider opslæmmes og be-fugtes langt lettere end kalksæbe fremstillet af rene fedtsyrer.Lime soap made from glycerides is slurried and moistened much more easily than lime soap made from pure fatty acids.
Forsæbning af triglycerider med CafOH^ som base, 30 hyppigt tilsat i form af CaO eller kalkholdige materialer, eventuelt affaldsmaterialer foregår livligt ved 85-90°C under høj positiv varmetoning. Det er derfor muligt at bruge materialer med relativt lavt indhold af kalciumoxid eller kalciumhydroxid.Saponification of triglycerides with CafOH as a base, frequently added in the form of CaO or calcareous materials, optionally waste materials, takes place vigorously at 85-90 ° C under high positive heat toning. Therefore, it is possible to use materials with relatively low content of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide.
35 Fedtkildei kan ofte have en betydelig del af fedtsy reindholdet, fx 30-60%, i form af frie fedtsyrer. Det er fx tilfældet med afskummet fedt fra fedtfanget i rensningsanlæg, idet den biologiske aktivitet ofte har været 5 DK 171735 B1 høj under transporten, og den biologiske nedbrydning af fedtstoffer går i gang med hydrolyse af esterbindingerne.Fat sources may often have a significant portion of the fatty acid content, e.g., 30-60%, in the form of free fatty acids. This is the case, for example, of foamed fat from the fat trapped in purification plants, since the biological activity has often been high during transport and the biodegradation of fats starts with hydrolysis of the ester bonds.
Frie fedtsyrer fældes øjeblikketligt som kalksæbe ved blanding med Ca(OH)2~holdige medier.Free fatty acids are currently precipitated as lime soap by mixing with Ca (OH) 2 ~ containing media.
5 Ved forsæbning af fedtsyrer og især fedtsyreglyce- rider har det vist sig hensigtsmæssigt at bruge molært lige store mængder kalcium og fedtsyre(r).In the saponification of fatty acids and especially fatty acid glycerides, it has been found appropriate to use molar amounts of calcium and fatty acid (s).
Der opnås to fordele ved således at bruge ca dobbelt støkiometrisk mængde kalcium (magnium): 10 For det første forløber forsæbningsreaktionen hur tigt og i højere grad end ellers til ende. Det skyldes formentlig at basevirkningen af Ca(OH)2 er meget højere end basevirkningen af Ca(OH,fedtsyrerest). pH-Værdien af sidstnævnte produkt er i vandig opslæmning 8-9, men 15 pH af Ca(0H)2 er 11-12. Desuden er Ca(OH,fedtsyrerest) ikke opløselig i vand, og det er måske hovedårsagen til at dette stof tilsyneladende ikke kan deltage i videre forsæbning af fedtsyreglycerider i vandigt medium.Two advantages are thus obtained by using about twice the stoichiometric amount of calcium (magnesium): 10 First, the saponification reaction proceeds more rapidly and to a greater extent than otherwise. This is probably because the base effect of Ca (OH) 2 is much higher than the base effect of Ca (OH, fatty acid residue). The pH of the latter product is in aqueous slurry 8-9, but the pH of Ca (OH) 2 is 11-12. In addition, Ca (OH, fatty acid residue) is not soluble in water, and this is perhaps the main reason why this substance does not appear to participate in the further saponification of fatty acid glycerides in aqueous medium.
For det andet opslæmmes Ca(OH,fedtsyrerest) som me-20 get fine partikler i bioreaktorslam, muligvis på grund af reaktion med bikarbonat eller kulsyre, muligvis på grund af en vis polær natur af stoffet.Second, Ca (OH, fatty acid residue) is suspended as very fine particles in bioreactor sludge, possibly due to reaction with bicarbonate or carbonic acid, possibly due to some polar nature of the substance.
Eksempler på kilder til affaldsfedt, der kan forsæbes til anvendelse i biogasreaktorer, kan være fedtaf-25 skrab fra rensningsanlæg, fedt fra fedtfælder i levnedsmiddelindustrien og tankrensningsslam samt mange forrensningsanlæg. Fedtholdigt slam fra tankrensning i virksomheder der fremstiller eller forarbejder animalske, vegetabilske og marine olier indeholder ofte et betydeligt 30 overskud af lecitiner. Ved behandling med kalk eller læsket kalk spaltes lecitinerne så både fedtsyrer og fosfor fældes med kalcium. Analogt kan kolesterolholdigt affaldsfedt ved behandling med kalk eller læsket kalk bringes i en form hvor det kan udnyttes af bakterierne.Examples of sources of waste grease that can be saponified for use in biogas reactors can be grease scrap from wastewater treatment plants, grease from grease traps in the food industry and tank wastewater sludge as well as many wastewater treatment plants. Greasy sludge from tank cleaning in companies that manufacture or process animal, vegetable and marine oils often contains a substantial 30 excess lecithins. When treated with lime or cured lime, the lecithins are cleaved so that both fatty acids and phosphorus are precipitated with calcium. Analogously, cholesterol-containing waste fat by treatment with lime or slaked lime can be brought into a form where it can be utilized by the bacteria.
35 Følgelig kan man ifølge opfindelsen hensigtsmæssigt anvende kalciumsalte af affaldsfedtstoffer som en del af forgæringsmaterialet i reaktorer til fremstilling af biogas ud fra organiske affaldsstoffer.Accordingly, according to the invention, calcium salts of waste fats can conveniently be used as part of the fermentation material in reactors for the production of biogas from organic wastes.
6 DK 171735 B16 DK 171735 B1
Magniumsalte af fedtsyrer er lige så anvendelige som kalciumsalte og andre tungtopløselige fedtsyresalte til forgæring i rådnetanke, herunder biogasreaktorer.Magnesium salts of fatty acids are just as useful as calcium salts and other heavily soluble fatty acid salts for fermentation in rot tanks, including biogas reactors.
Basiske magnesiumforbindelser er i de fleste lande ikke 5 . så lettilgængelige som basiske kalciumforbindelser. Men i nogle lande bruger man brændt dolanit (dolomit er et magnium-kalciumkarbonat) i stedet for brændt kalk, og i så tilfælde kan det være en hensigtsmæssig kilde til fremstilling af kalcium-magniumsæbe.Basic magnesium compounds are not 5 in most countries. as readily available as basic calcium compounds. But in some countries, burnt dolanite (dolomite is a magnesium-calcium carbonate) is used instead of burnt lime, and in that case it can be an appropriate source of calcium-magnesium soap.
10 Opfindelsen skal i det følgende belyses nærmere ved et udførelseseksempel.The invention will now be further illustrated by an exemplary embodiment.
Eksempel - 3 I en biogasreaktor med en kapacitet på 450 m , der var i stabil drift med gylle som substrat for gæringen, indførtes der 250 kg kalksæbe med et fedtsyreindhold på 85 vægts.Example 3 - In a biogas reactor with a capacity of 450 m, which was in stable operation with slurry as the substrate for the fermentation, 250 kg of lime soap with a fatty acid content of 85 wt.
3 I reaktoren udvikledes der i løbet af 4 dage 400 m biogas ud over den for reaktoren normale produktion på ^ ' 200 m^ biogas om dagen.3 In the reactor, 400 m of biogas was developed over 4 days in addition to the normal production of 200 m 2 of biogas per day for the reactor.
Der var ingen antydning af forøget skumdannelse, ændring af pH-værdi eller andre former for driftsforstyrrelser .There was no suggestion of increased foaming, change of pH or other types of operational disturbance.
25 30 35 .25 30 35.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK365387A DK171735B1 (en) | 1987-07-14 | 1987-07-14 | Use of lime soaps and / or magnesium soaps in biogas production and method of biogas production |
| PCT/DK1988/000112 WO1989000548A1 (en) | 1987-07-14 | 1988-07-07 | A method in the production of biogas |
| NZ225414A NZ225414A (en) | 1987-07-14 | 1988-07-14 | A process for the production of biogas characterised in using calcium and/or magnesium soaps; biogas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK365387A DK171735B1 (en) | 1987-07-14 | 1987-07-14 | Use of lime soaps and / or magnesium soaps in biogas production and method of biogas production |
| DK365387 | 1987-07-14 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK365387D0 DK365387D0 (en) | 1987-07-14 |
| DK365387A DK365387A (en) | 1989-01-15 |
| DK171735B1 true DK171735B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK365387A DK171735B1 (en) | 1987-07-14 | 1987-07-14 | Use of lime soaps and / or magnesium soaps in biogas production and method of biogas production |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DK (1) | DK171735B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ225414A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989000548A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4229986A1 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-03-10 | Entsorgungs Und Aufbereitungsg | Anaerobic treatment of high-fat substances |
| AU8175401A (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-03-04 | Green Farm Energy As | Concept for slurry separation and biogas production |
| MY143253A (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2011-04-15 | Gfe Patent As | Method and device for stripping ammonia from liquids |
| US7485230B2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2009-02-03 | Magner Joseph A | Integrated cogeneration wastewater sewage and waste polar fats/ oils/ greases/waxes (FOG) waste treatment method and facility |
| DE102007029102A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Tilco Biochemie Gmbh | Preparation for the optimization of methane gas production in biogas plants |
| PL217652B1 (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2014-08-29 | New Energy Technologies Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością | Method for producing biogas in the anaerobic methane fermentation process of organic deposits in a fermentation tank and a catalyst for such a method |
| FR3143590A1 (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2024-06-21 | Timab Magnesium | Use of magnesium hydroxide to accelerate the kinetics of biogas production in an anaerobic digester |
| FR3143591A1 (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2024-06-21 | Timab Magnesium | Use of magnesium hydroxide in an anaerobic digester |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI55165C (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1979-06-11 | Veli Reijonen | FOERFARANDE FOER SOENDERDELNING AV ORGANISKT AVFALL |
| SE452605B (en) * | 1984-04-11 | 1987-12-07 | Purac Ab | SET TO CLEAN THE WASTE WATER FROM MANUFACTURE OF CELLULOSAMASSA BY ANAEROBIC CLEANING |
| DE3440619A1 (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1986-05-07 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for removing nitrate from water |
| CH665138A5 (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1988-04-29 | Sulzer Ag | METHOD FOR PRE-TREATING ORGANIC WASTE FROM Slaughtering. |
-
1987
- 1987-07-14 DK DK365387A patent/DK171735B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-07-07 WO PCT/DK1988/000112 patent/WO1989000548A1/en unknown
- 1988-07-14 NZ NZ225414A patent/NZ225414A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK365387A (en) | 1989-01-15 |
| WO1989000548A1 (en) | 1989-01-26 |
| NZ225414A (en) | 1990-11-27 |
| DK365387D0 (en) | 1987-07-14 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PBP | Patent lapsed |
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