DK168815B1 - Ship that can sail in ice-filled waters - Google Patents

Ship that can sail in ice-filled waters Download PDF

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Publication number
DK168815B1
DK168815B1 DK447086A DK447086A DK168815B1 DK 168815 B1 DK168815 B1 DK 168815B1 DK 447086 A DK447086 A DK 447086A DK 447086 A DK447086 A DK 447086A DK 168815 B1 DK168815 B1 DK 168815B1
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ice
hull
channel
ship
wall
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DK447086A
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Danish (da)
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DK447086A (en
DK447086D0 (en
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Knud Wagner
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Milj Ministeriet
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Priority to DK447086A priority Critical patent/DK168815B1/en
Publication of DK447086D0 publication Critical patent/DK447086D0/en
Priority to PCT/DK1987/000112 priority patent/WO1988001964A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/08Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)

Description

i DK 168815 B1in DK 168815 B1

Opfindelsen angår et skib, af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a ship of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Isen, der nogle steder på vor klode permanent og andre 5 steder jævnligt tilbagekommende lukker vandene, har altid voldt den søgående trafik store vanskeligheder. Dette har ført til, at skibe, der også må sejle i sådanne isfyldte farvande, er blevet forstærket på forskellig vis, og især i nyere tid til bygning af egentlige isbrydere, som er i 10 stand til at bryde en mere eller mindre åben rende for efterfølgende almindelige skibe. For at mindske modstanden og hermed energiforbruget ved forcering af isdækket udformes sådanne skibe med så lille bredde som muligt, hvorved rulningsstabiliteten imidlertid nedsættes i væ-15 sentlig grad.The ice, which in some places on our globe permanently and in other 5 places regularly recloses the waters, has always caused the seafaring traffic great difficulties. As a result, vessels that must also sail in such ice-filled waters have been reinforced in various ways, and especially in recent times for the construction of actual ice breakers capable of breaking a more or less open trench for subsequently ordinary ships. In order to reduce the resistance and thereby the energy consumption by forcing the ice deck, such ships are designed with as little width as possible, which, however, significantly reduces the rolling stability.

Fra det tyske offentliggørelsesskrift 3 514 555 kendes en speciel bygget isbryder med en iskanal og en skrogpart på hver side af denne. Hver af disse skrogparter har plane 20 stævne til at løbe isbryderen op på isen, hvorefter denne kløves af skarpe V-formede stævnafsnit, der slutteligt går over i skrog med plane bunde. Formålet med denne konstruktion er under isbrydningen at holde isen væk fra skruerne ved dels at skyde isen ud til siden, dels ud i 25 iskanalen. I denne kan der imidlertid herved opstå ophobninger og sammenpakninger af is, som kan være til alvorlig gene for isbryderens videre fremdrift. Hertil kommer, at isen brydes langs ialt seks brudlinier, hvilket kræver et stort kraft- og energiforbrug. Ovennævnte kon-30 struktive opbygning, der yder meget stor fremdriftsmodstand, medfører desuden, at isbryderen i almindelighed må anses for at være uøkonomisk til opgaver under sejlads i isfrit vand.From German publication specification 3,514,555 there is known a specially built icebreaker with an ice channel and a hull part on each side of it. Each of these hulls has planes 20 to run the icebreaker onto the ice, after which it is cleaved by sharp V-shaped wedge sections which eventually go into hulls with flat bottoms. The purpose of this construction is during the breaking of ice to keep the ice away from the screws by pushing the ice out to the side and partly out into the ice channel. In this, however, accumulation and packings of ice can occur, which can seriously affect the ice breaker's further progress. In addition, the ice breaks along a total of six fracture lines, which requires a large amount of power and energy consumption. The above-mentioned structural design, which provides very high propulsion resistance, also means that the icebreaker is generally considered to be uneconomical for tasks while sailing in ice-free water.

35 Det er derfor formålet med opfindelsen at anvise et skib af den indledningsvis nævnte art, hvor fremdrivningsmod-standen ved isfri sejlads svarer til eller er mindre end 2 DK 168815 B1 for et tilsvarende konventionelt en-skrogets skibs vedkommende, som kan forcere et isdække på vandet med mindre kraft og energiforbrug end hidtil kendt.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a ship of the type mentioned in the preamble, where the propulsion resistance of ice-free sailing corresponds to or is less than 2 DK 168815 B1 in the case of a similar conventional one-hull ship, which can force an ice deck of the water with less power and energy consumption than previously known.

5 Dette opnås, idet skibet ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommeligt ved det i krav l's kendetegnede del angivne. Isen ud for iskanalen kan herved passerer gennem denne uden at blive brudt, medens isen ud for skrogparterne brydes og skubbes ind under den omgivende is som følge af kølvæg-10 gens særlige forløb, hvor angrebspunktet successivt flyttes udefter under brydningen. Isen hobes således ikke op i iskanalen, hvor den kunne pakke sammen og nedsætte skibets fremdrift og evne til at kunne gå gennem isen. Samtidigt opnås, at isen kun brydes langs fire brudlinier, 15 hvorved der finder en betydelig nedsættelse af kraft- og energiforbruget sted i forhold til ovennævnte kendte isbryder, som må bryde isen op langs ialt seks brudlinier. Denne udformning af skrogparterne bibringer endvidere skibet ifølge opfindelsen en til et konventionelt en-20 skroget skib svarende ydre strømiinieform, der medfører, at skibet er særdeles velegnet til normal sejlads i isfrit vand. Da skibet samtidigt under bibeholdelse af rulningsstabiliteten kan udformes med en relativt lille dybgang i forhold til bredden, kan skibet ifølge opfindelsen 25 endvidere forbedre dets rulningsstabilitet.This is achieved since the ship according to the invention is peculiar to the part of claim 1. The ice off the ice channel can thereby pass through it without being broken, while the ice off the hull parts is broken and pushed under the surrounding ice as a result of the special course of the wake, where the point of attack is successively moved outwards during the breaking. Thus, the ice does not accumulate in the ice channel, where it could pack and reduce the ship's propulsion and ability to pass through the ice. At the same time, it is achieved that the ice is only broken along four breaking lines, 15 which significantly reduces the power and energy consumption compared to the above-mentioned known ice breaker, which must break the ice along a total of six breaking lines. Furthermore, this design of the hull parts provides the ship according to the invention with an external streamline shape corresponding to a conventional one-hull ship, which means that the ship is very suitable for normal sailing in ice-free water. Furthermore, since the ship can be designed at a relatively small draft with respect to its width while maintaining the rolling stability, the ship according to the invention 25 can further improve its rolling stability.

I underkravene er angivet fordelagtige udførelsesformer for skibet ifølge opfindelsen. Det har således vist sig, at den isbrydende effekt kan forstærkes i væsentligt grad 30 ved hjælp af det i krav 3-4 angivne, idet brudbelastningerne på isen herved fordeles ligeligt, således at skibets fremdriftmaskineri bliver optimalt udnyttet.Preferred embodiments of the ship according to the invention are indicated in the subclaims. Thus, it has been found that the ice breaking effect can be substantially amplified by the method of claims 3-4, with the breaking loads on the ice thereby being distributed evenly so that the ship's propulsion machinery is optimally utilized.

En yderligere fordel i denne forbindelse kan opnås ved 35 hjælp af det i krav 5 angivne, idet de brudte isflager herved kommer til at glide lettest muligt henover skrogets vægge, samtidigt med, at de skarpe kanter virker som 3 DK 168815 B1 knive, der trænger ind i isen og danner brudanvisere, som reducerer den kraftpåvirkning, som er nødvendig for at kunne bryde isen.A further advantage in this connection can be obtained by the means as claimed in claim 5, in that the broken ice flakes will thereby slide as easily as possible over the walls of the hull, while at the same time the sharp edges act as blades that penetrate. into the ice and form break indicators, which reduce the force needed to break the ice.

5 Ved hjælp af det i krav 6 angivne opnås fuld frigang for den is, der skal passere gennem iskanalen, således at isen ikke forklemmer mellem dennes sider.With the aid of the claim 6, full clearance is obtained for the ice which is to pass through the ice channel, so that the ice does not discriminate between its sides.

Opfindelsen forklares nedenfor under henvisning til teg-10 ningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et længdesnit gennem en udførelsesform for et skib med iskanal ifølge opfindelsen, 15 fig. 2 samme set oppe fra, fig. 3 samme set forfra i større målestok, fig. 4 et brudstykke af stævnen, hvor et indadvendende 20 fremspring i iskanalen ses, fig. 5 samme set oppe fra, fig. 6 samme set forfra, og 25 fig. 7-8-9-10 forskellige stadier af isbrydningsprocessen.The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through an embodiment of a ship with ice channel according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows the same view from above; FIG. 3 is a front view on a larger scale; FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section of the bow showing an inwardly extending projection in the ice channel; FIG. 5 shows the same view from above; FIG. 6 is a front view, and FIG. 7-8-9-10 different stages of the ice breaking process.

Fig. 1, 2 og 3 viser et skib ifølge opfindelsen, som i 30 sin helhed er angivet med henvisningstallet 1. Dette skib har et skrog 2, i hvis fulde udstrækning der fra forskrog 3 til agterskrog 4 forløber en iskanal 5, som i skroget 2's tværretning har en sådan udformning og placering, at en isflage, der flyder på vandet er i stand til uhindret 35 via iskanalen 5 at passere tværs gennem skroget 2, når skibet 1 sejler i et isfyldt farvand. Skibet skal derfor ikke bruge kraft og energi til at flytte og yderligere 4 DK 168815 B1 sønderdele denne del af isdækket, og skroget kan derfor udformes med en betydelig større bredde end tilsvarende konventionelle skibe og herved opnå en langt større stabilitet mod rulning.FIG. 1, 2 and 3 show a ship according to the invention, which in its entirety is indicated by the reference numeral 1. This ship has a hull 2, the full extent of which extends from ice hull 3 to stern hull 4, which in the transverse direction of the hull 2 has such a design and location that an ice floe floating on the water is able to pass unobstructed 35 via the ice channel 5 across the hull 2 as the ship 1 sails in an ice-filled water. Therefore, the ship does not need to use force and energy to move and further disassemble this part of the ice deck, and the hull can therefore be designed with a considerably greater width than similar conventional vessels, thereby achieving much greater stability against rolling.

55

Iskanalen 5 tjener til passage for is, der brydes op ud for skibets stævn. For at lette denne brydning og isens uhindrede passage gennem kanalen 5, strækker denne sig fortrinsvist både højere op og længere ned end henholds-10 vis over- og underside af det isdække, som gennemsejles.The ice channel 5 serves as a passage for ice breaking up off the bow of the ship. To facilitate this breaking and the unobstructed passage of the ice through channel 5, it preferably extends both higher up and further down than the upper and lower sides of the ice cover being traversed, respectively.

Som vist i fig. 2 forløber skæringslinierne 7 mellem horisontale snit gennem iskanalen 5 og skroget 2 parallelt med hinanden eller konvergerende mod skibets forstævn 8.As shown in FIG. 2, the intersecting lines 7 extend between horizontal sections through the ice channel 5 and the hull 2 parallel to each other or converging towards the bow of the ship 8.

15 Herved kan isflager, som ud for iskanalen brydes op med en omtrent til denne svarende bredde frit passere iskanalen uden at komme til at forklemme mellem dens sider.In this way, ice flakes which break off the ice channel by a width corresponding to this width can freely pass through the ice channel without interfering between its sides.

Som vist er iskanalen 5 opad til afgrænset af en øvre væg 20 9, som i tværretningen forløber i hovedsagen vandret.As shown, the ice channel 5 is upwardly bounded by an upper wall 20 9, which in the transverse direction extends substantially horizontally.

Langs siderne er iskanalen 5 afgrænset af en venstre- og højre kanalvæg 11a, 11b, som fra den øvre væg 9’s sidekanter 10a, 10b strækker sig i hovedsagen parallelt i retning fortrinsvis lodret nedefter. Hver af skrogparter-25 nes bund omfatter en første væg 13a, 13b som strækker sig fra den venstre- og højre kanalvægs 11a, 11b respektive nederste kanter 12a, 12b i et skråt ned- og udefter rettet forløb, som danner en spids vinkel a (fig. 9) med et vandret plan. Nedadtil har kanalen 5 ved den viste udfø-30 relsesform en åbning 6, og ved enderne 19a, 19b udmunder den i henholdsvis for- og agterskroget 3, 4. Herved bliver isbrydningsfunktionen meget effektiv, og samtidigt sikres det, at brudte isflager heller ikke ved lodrette bevægelser i iskanalen vil kunne komme til at forklemme 35 mellem dennes sider.Along the sides, the ice channel 5 is bounded by a left and right channel wall 11a, 11b which extends from the upper edges 9a, 10a, 10b of the upper wall 9, substantially parallel in the direction preferably vertically downwards. Each bottom of the hull parts 25 comprises a first wall 13a, 13b extending from the left and right channel walls 11a, 11b and lower edges 12a, 12b, respectively, in an oblique downward and outward direction, forming a pointed angle α ( Figure 9) with a horizontal plane. Downwardly, in the embodiment shown, the channel 5 has an opening 6, and at the ends 19a, 19b it opens into the front and aft hulls 3, 4, respectively. In this way, the ice breaking function becomes very effective, and at the same time it ensures that broken ice flakes also do not vertical movements in the ice channel may obscure 35 between its sides.

5 DK 168815 B1 På begge sider af iskanalen 5 har skrogparterne 2 hver en kølvæg 15a, 15b, som i tværretningen strækker sig i hovedsagen vandret udefter fra den første vægs 13a, 13b respektive nederste kanter 14a, 14b. Denne kølvæg 15a, 15b 5 forløber fra et område over vand-/isplanet 20 ved stævnen 8 skråt nedefter til et område 21, hvor skroget har sin største dybgang. Samtidig øges kølvæggens 15a, 15b afstand til den i samme side af skroget 2’s liggende kanalvæg 11a, 11b gradvist. Når skibet 1 går gennem isen, vil 10 denne først blive mødt af kølvæggene 15a, 15b ved forstævnen og påført deformationsforskydninger, der tillader skibet 1 at trænge længere frem i isen. På grund af kølvæggenes 15a, 15b særlige forløb flyttes angrebsområdet på isen derefter successivt udefter, hvorved isen yderli-15 gere bliver tilføjet stadigt voksende bøjningsspændinger, der slutteligt udløser det endelige brud og efterlader en udskåret isflage 22 i iskanalen 5.On both sides of the ice channel 5, the hull portions 2 each have a follower wall 15a, 15b, which in the transverse direction extends substantially horizontally outwards from the first wall 13a, 13b and lower edges 14a, 14b respectively. This wake 15a, 15b 5 extends from an area above the water / ice plane 20 at the stern 8 obliquely down to an area 21 where the hull has its greatest draft. At the same time, the distance of the wake 15a, 15b to the channel wall 11a, 11b lying on the same side of the hull 2 is gradually increased. As the ship 1 passes through the ice, it will first be met by the wake walls 15a, 15b at the stern and applied deformation displacements allowing the ship 1 to penetrate further into the ice. Due to the particular course of the wake walls 15a, 15b, the attack area on the ice is then successively moved outward, thereby further adding to the ice the ever-increasing bending stresses that eventually trigger the final rupture leaving a cut ice flake 22 in the ice channel 5.

Som vist har hver af skrogparterne 2 en anden væg 17a, 20 17b. Denne strækker sig fra kølvæggens 15a, 15b respekti ve yderkanter 18a, 18b i et skråt ud- og opefter rettet forløb, som fortrinsvis danner samme spidse vinkel 0 (fig. 9) med det vandrette plan som den anden venstre- og højre kanalvæg 11a, 11b. Kølvæggen 15a, 15b forløber her-25 under i hovedsagen midt mellem de fra kølvæggen 15a, 15b fjernest liggende kanter 18a, 18b og 14a, 14b på hen holdsvis den anden væg 17a, 17b og den første væg 13a, 13b. Herved fordeles kraftpåvirkningen på isen ligeligt mellem bruddene ved iskanalen og bruddene ved skrogets 30 yderside. Dette medfører, at den disponible fremdriftskraft bliver optimalt udnyttet.As shown, each of the hull parts 2 has a different wall 17a, 17b. This extends from the respective outer edges 18a, 18b of the wake 15a, 15b, in an oblique outward and upward direction, preferably forming the same acute angle 0 (Fig. 9) with the horizontal plane as the second left and right channel wall 11a, 11b. The waveguide 15a, 15b hereby extends substantially in the middle between the edges 18a, 18b and 14a, 14b, which are farthest from the waveguides 15a, 15b, respectively on the second wall 17a, 17b and the first wall 13a, 13b, respectively. In this way, the force on the ice is distributed equally between the fractures at the ice channel and the fractures at the outside of the hull 30. This means that the available momentum is optimally utilized.

I fig. 4, 5 og 6 ses et indadvendende fremspring 23a, 23b, som er anbragt på iskanalens venstre- og højre ka-35 naivæg 11a, 11b. Dette fremspring 23a, 23b strækker sig et passende stykke i retning mod skibets agterstævn. Fremspringene 23a, 23b har fortrinsvis en skarp kant 24, 6 DK 168815 B1 der vender frem mod isen, og som tjener til at høvle den brudte isflage ned til en lidt mindre bredde end den efterfølgende kanal har og til at fjerne hindrende ujævnheder langs isflagens kanter. Dette sikrer fuldstændigt, at 5 den brudte isflage får fuld frigang i den efterfølgende iskanal, således at risikoen for, at en isflage forklem-• mer mellem kanalvæggene, elimineres. Fremspringene 23a, 23b øger sejlmodstanden ved fart i åbent vand og kan derfor fordelagtigt være løsbart fastgjort på skroget 2, så-10 ledes at de kun behøver at være påmonteret i den tid af året, hvor der må sejles i is.In FIG. 4, 5 and 6, an inwardly projecting projection 23a, 23b is seen, which is arranged on the left and right channel walls 11a, 11b of the ice channel. This projection 23a, 23b extends a suitable distance towards the stern of the ship. The projections 23a, 23b preferably have a sharp edge 24, 6 which faces the ice, which serves to plan the broken ice sheet down to a slightly smaller width than the subsequent channel has and to remove obstructing irregularities along the edges of the ice flag. . This completely ensures that the broken ice sheet gets full clearance in the subsequent ice channel, thus eliminating the risk of an ice sheet disintegrating between the channel walls. The projections 23a, 23b increase the sail resistance at speed in open water and can therefore advantageously be releasably attached to the hull 2, so that they need only be mounted during the time of year when ice must be sailed.

Ved den viste udførelsesform er iskanalens 5 og skrogparternes 2 vægge tildannet som enkeltkrumme flader 9; 11a, 15 11b; 13a, 13b; 15a, 15b; og 17a, 17b, der er forbundet med hinanden langs i hovedsagen skarpe kanter 12a, 12b; 14a, 14b; 16a, 16b og 18a, 18b. Dette bevirker, at skroget let kan glide henover brudt is, som holdes ind mod skroget med en linieberøring i stedet for som ved dob-20 beltkrumme flader med en mere koncentreret punktberøring, som yder større modstand mod glidende forskydning langs skibssiden, og som desuden er tilbøjelige til at knække isflagen op i flere småstykker med yderligere energitab til følge. De skarpe kanter, der forbinder de enkeltkrum-25 me flader, virker endvidere som knive, der let trænger ind i og danner forskydningsbrud i isen.In the embodiment shown, the walls of the ice channel 5 and the hull parts 2 are formed as single curved surfaces 9; 11a, 11b; 13a, 13b; 15a, 15b; and 17a, 17b connected to each other along substantially sharp edges 12a, 12b; 14a, 14b; 16a, 16b and 18a, 18b. This allows the hull to easily slide over broken ice which is held against the hull with a line touch rather than as in double curved surfaces with a more concentrated point touch, which provides greater resistance to sliding offset along the ship's side, and which is furthermore tend to break up the ice flake into several small pieces with additional energy loss. Furthermore, the sharp edges connecting the single curved surfaces act as knives that readily penetrate and form shear fractures in the ice.

Fig. 7-10 viser, hvorledes skibet baner sig vej gennem isen. Figurerne viser med normalt optrukket streg skibet 30 set forfra og med kraftigt optrukket streg skrogprofilet efter de respektive linier I-I, II-II, III-III og IV-IV i fig. 1.FIG. 7-10 shows how the ship makes its way through the ice. The figures show, with normally drawn line, the ship 30 seen from the front and with strongly drawn line the hull profile along the respective lines I-I, II-II, III-III and IV-IV in fig. First

Fig. 7 viser den situation, hvor skibsskroget 2 med sin 35 kølvæg 15a, 15b netop berører isen 30, uden at der endnu herved er opstået brud i denne. Når skibet fortsætter fremefter, vil skroget på grund af stævnvinklen r (fig.FIG. 7 shows the situation where the ship hull 2, with its 35 wake 15a, 15b, precisely touches the ice 30, without there being any rupture therein. As the ship continues forward, the hull due to the bow angle r (fig.

7 DK 168815 B1 1) trænge op over iskanten og påføre isen forskydningsspændinger på tværs af isplanet. Herved skærer skroget som en kniv ned i isen, således at det tillades at fortsætte længere frem.7 DK 168815 B1 1) push up the ice edge and apply shear stresses across the ice plane. In this way, the hull cuts like a knife into the ice, allowing it to continue further.

5 I fig. 8 er situationen nu den, at isen netop er klippet over ved iskanalens kanter, og samtidigt er angrebsområdet på isen rykket længere udefter som følge af kølvæggens 15a, 15b ned- og udadrettede forløb fra stævnen 8.5 In FIG. 8, the situation is now that the ice has just been cut at the edges of the ice channel, and at the same time the area of attack on the ice has moved further outwards as a result of the downward and outward course of the wake 15a, 15b from the bow 8.

10 Herved belastes isen med en kombineret bøjnings- og forskydningspåvirkning, der trykker den under skroget liggende del af isdækket længere og længere ned i vandet, til isen slutteligt også ved skrogets yderside knækker. I den i fig. 8 viste position for skibet er dette netop 15 sket.10 The ice is thus subjected to a combined bending and shear effect, which pushes the part of the ice deck under the hull further and further into the water, until the ice finally also breaks at the outside of the hull. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, this has just happened 15.

Skibet kan nu let komme videre frem i det område, hvor isdækket 30 er brudt, og herunder trykkes de under skroget liggende brudte isflager endnu længere nedefter, men 20 da skroget ved ydersiden i tværretningen forløber skråt ud- og opefter med vinklen 0, vil isflagerne herved kæntre som vist i fig. 9 og glide skråt ud- og opefter for til sidst at blive ført helt ind under det ikke brudte omgivende isdække 30.The ship can now easily advance in the area where the ice deck 30 is broken, and below that the broken ice flakes lying below the hull are pushed further downwards, but 20 as the hull at the exterior in the transverse direction extends obliquely upwards and upwards with the angle 0, the ice flags will hereby tines as shown in FIG. 9 and sliding obliquely up and down to eventually be inserted completely under the unbroken surrounding ice cover 30.

2525

Denne situation er vist i fig. 10. Her ligger isflagerne 32a, 32b nu inde under det omgivende isdække 30, således at de er fjernet helt fra skibets sejlbane og ikke længere udgør nogen hindring for skibets videre fremfærd. Den 30 ud for iskanalen 5 brudte isflage 22 flyder samtidigt frit i iskanalen 6 og bliver i det væsentlige liggende på sin oprindelige plads uden at lægge beslag på yderligere kraftforbrug. Selv om skibet derfor har en stor bredde og hermed følgende stor rulningsstabilitet, vil energifor-35 bruget til forcering af isen således ved anvendelse af skibet ifølge opfindelsen være langt mindre end ved de kendte konventionelle skibe med samme eller endog mindre bredde.This situation is shown in FIG. 10. Here, the ice flakes 32a, 32b now lie beneath the surrounding ice deck 30, so that they are completely removed from the ship's sailway and no longer impede the further conduct of the ship. The ice sheet 22 broken off the ice channel 5 at the same time flows freely in the ice channel 6 and remains essentially in its original position without any additional power consumption. Therefore, although the ship has a great width and consequently a high rolling stability, the energy consumption for forcing the ice by using the ship according to the invention will be far less than with the known conventional ships of the same or even smaller width.

Claims (6)

8 DK 168815 B18 DK 168815 B1 1. Skib til sejlads i isfyldte farvande, især et skib med 5 stævne (4, 8), og med relativ lille dybgang og i forhold hertil stor bredde, og som har et skrog (2), der fra et passende stykke over vandlinien og nedefter totalt i længderetningen er opdelt i henholdsvis en venstre- og en højre skrogpart af en iskanal (5), som er afgrænset på 10 tværs af to lodrette kanalvægge (11a, llb), og hvor hver af skrogparternes bund omfatter et langsgående kølområde (15a, 15b), en fra kølområdet til kanalvæggen (11a, llb) under en i forhold til vandret plan spids vinkel (a), skråt opefter og mod skibets centerplan forløbende første 15 væg (13a, 13b), samt en fra kølområdet til skrogets yderkontur under en i forhold til vandret plan spids vinkel (0) forløbende anden væg (17a, 17b), kendetegnet ved, at kølområdet omfatter en relativ smal, i hovedsagen vandret kølvæg (15a, 15b), som på langs strækker 20 sig ned til sit dybest liggende afsnit fra et i hovedsagen over vandlinien/isplanet liggende område på forstavnen (8) under successiv forøgelse af afstanden til den respektive kanal væg (11a, llb).1. A vessel for sailing in ice-filled waters, in particular a ship with 5 bowls (4, 8), of relatively small depth and relative width, and having a hull (2) extending from a suitable section above the waterline and downwards, total lengthwise is divided into a left and a right hull portion, respectively, of an ice channel (5) bounded on 10 across two vertical channel walls (11a, 11b) and each of the bottom of the hull portions comprising a longitudinal cooling region (15a , 15b), one from the cooling area to the channel wall (11a, 11b) below an angular point (a) relative to the horizontal plane, inclined upwards and extending towards the ship's center plane, the first 15 wall (13a, 13b), and one from the cooling area to the outer contour of the hull having a second wall (17a, 17b) extending relative to the horizontal plane angular (0), characterized in that the cooling region comprises a relatively narrow, generally horizontal, wake (15a, 15b) extending longitudinally down to its basically section from a substantially above waterline n / ice plane lying on the stern (8) while gradually increasing the distance to the respective channel wall (11a, 11b). 2. Skib ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at skæ ringslinierne mellem skroget (2) kanalvægge (11a, llb) og ethvert horisontalt snit gennem iskanalen (5) forløber indbyrdes parallelle eller konvergerende mod skibets forstavn (8). 30Ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the intersecting lines between the hull (2) channel walls (11a, 11b) and any horizontal section through the ice channel (5) extend mutually parallel or converging towards the ship's front (8). 30 3. Skib ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at de vinkler (a, 0), som henholdsvis den anden kanalvæg (13a, 13b) og skrogvæggen (17a, 17b) danner med et horisontalt plan, i hovedsagen er lige store. 35Ship according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the angles (a, 0) formed by the second channel wall (13a, 13b) and the hull wall (17a, 17b), respectively, with a horizontal plane are substantially equal. 35 4. Skib ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at kølvæggens (15a, 15b) dybest liggende afsnit lig- DK 168815 B1 9 ger fortrinsvis midt mellem iskanalens (5) kanalvæg (11a, 11b) og skrogets yderkontur.Ship according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the deepest section of the wake wall (15a, 15b) preferably lies midway between the channel wall (11a, 11b) of the ice channel (5) and the outer contour of the hull. 5. Skib ifølge ét eller flere af kravene 1-4, kende-5 tegnet ved, at iskanalens (5) og skrogets (2) vægge (9; 11a, 11b; 13a, 13b; 15a, 15b; 17a, 17b) er udformet som enkeltkrumme flader, som er indbyrdes forbundne langs i hovedsagen skarpe kanter (12a, 12b; 14a, 14b; 16a, 16b; 18a, 18b).Ship according to one or more of claims 1-4, characterized in that the walls (9; 11a, 11b; 13a, 13b; 15a, 15b; 17a, 17b) of the ice channel (5) and the hull (2) are formed as single curved surfaces which are interconnected along substantially sharp edges (12a, 12b; 14a, 14b; 16a, 16b; 18a, 18b). 6. Skib ifølge et eller flere af kravene 1-4, kendetegnet ved, at der på hver af kanalvæggenes (Ha, 11b) ydre side er indrettet fremspring (23a, 23b), som fra forstavnen strækker sig i hvert fald delvis hen mod 15 skibets hæk. 20 25 30 35Ship according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that projections (23a, 23b) are provided on each outer side of the channel walls (Ha, 11b) which extend at least partially towards the stern. the ship's stern. 20 25 30 35
DK447086A 1986-09-18 1986-09-18 Ship that can sail in ice-filled waters DK168815B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK447086A DK168815B1 (en) 1986-09-18 1986-09-18 Ship that can sail in ice-filled waters
PCT/DK1987/000112 WO1988001964A1 (en) 1986-09-18 1987-09-15 A ship capable of sailing in ice-filled waters

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK447086 1986-09-18
DK447086A DK168815B1 (en) 1986-09-18 1986-09-18 Ship that can sail in ice-filled waters

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DK447086D0 DK447086D0 (en) 1986-09-18
DK447086A DK447086A (en) 1988-03-19
DK168815B1 true DK168815B1 (en) 1994-06-20

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2508224C2 (en) * 2012-05-22 2014-02-27 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Towed device for ice breaking at making clear-way in ice

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3514555A1 (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-12-05 Thyssen Nordseewerke GmbH, 2970 Emden Ice-breaker

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