DK160000B - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A HOLE CONTAINER. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A HOLE CONTAINER. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK160000B DK160000B DK104286A DK104286A DK160000B DK 160000 B DK160000 B DK 160000B DK 104286 A DK104286 A DK 104286A DK 104286 A DK104286 A DK 104286A DK 160000 B DK160000 B DK 160000B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- starting
- superplastic
- container
- starting material
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
- B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
DK 160000 BDK 160000 B
Opfindelsen vedrører fremstilling af hule beholdere, såsom væskebeholdere og trykbeholdere, ved superplastisk ekspansion af et udgangsemne af et superplastisk deformerbart metal.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to the manufacture of hollow containers, such as liquid containers and pressure vessels, by superplastic expansion of a starting blank of a superplastic deformable metal.
5 Det skal her bemærkes, at udtrykket "et superpla stisk materiale" anvendes om et materiale, der er i stand til at undergå en superplastisk deformation.5 It should be noted here that the term "a superplastic material" is used to refer to a material capable of undergoing superplastic deformation.
Det er kendt at fremstille hule beholdere ved at ekspandere udgangsemner, der er fremstillet af super-10 plastiske materialer i arkform. Ved sådanne fremgangsmåder smeltesvejses et, to eller flere ark af det superplastiske materiale sammen langs deres periferier, hvorved der dannes en konvolut, der derefter ekspanderes superplastisk mod et formeværktøj med henblik på at dan-15 ne beholderen. Det er i beholdere fremstillet på denne måde konstateret, at den lokale mikrostruktur, der er et resultat af smeltesvejsningen, ikke udviser superplastiske egenskaber i nævneværdig grad. Yderligere formodes det, at tilstedeværelsen af en søm ødelægger beholderens 20 strukturelle helhed, ligesom det færdige produkt vil have en ekstern flange, der forløber langs sømmen, og som det vil være nødvendigt at fjerne ved maskinel bearbejdning, hvis beholderen skal have en glat ydre overflade.It is known to manufacture hollow containers by expanding starting blanks made of super-10 sheet material. In such methods, one, two, or more sheets of the superplastic material are welded together along their peripheries, forming an envelope which is then superplastically expanded against a molding tool to form the container. It has been found in containers made in this way that the local microstructure resulting from the melt welding does not exhibit appreciable superplastic properties. Further, it is believed that the presence of a seam destroys the structural integrity of the container 20, just as the finished product will have an external flange extending along the seam and which will need to be removed by machining if the container is to have a smooth outer surface. .
25 De fleste kendte eksempler på strukturer dannes ud fra et udgangsemne, som er fremstillet af ark- eller pladeformet materiale. Ansøgeren selv mente tidligere, at det var umuligt eller i hvert fald meget uønsket at anvende noget andet materiale end plade, fordi materia-30 let, som skal undergå superplastisk deformation, bør have i det væsentlige isotrope egenskaber (som kan udvikles i plade) i stedet for de ensrettede egenskaber, der opstår i stangmateriale, som følge af formningsprocessen.Most known examples of structures are formed from a starting blank which is made of sheet or sheet material. The applicant himself previously believed that it was impossible or at least very undesirable to use any material other than plate because the material which is to undergo superplastic deformation should have essentially isotropic properties (which can develop in plate) in instead of the unidirectional properties that occur in rod material as a result of the molding process.
35 I FR 2 245 428 er imidlertid foreslået fremstil ling af et hult, rørformet udgangsemne ved trækning el-35 In FR 2 245 428, however, it is proposed to make a hollow tubular blank by drawing or
DK 160000 BDK 160000 B
2 ler ekstrudering af en metalskive, at underkaste udgangsemnet en overfladebehandling, eksempelvis polering eller "strygning" og derefter, efter et forvarmetrin, at deformere udgangsemnet superplastisk til beholderfacon.2, extrusion of a metal disc allows the substrate to be subjected to a surface treatment, for example polishing or "ironing" and then, after a preheating step, to deform the starting material superplastically to the container shape.
5 Ifølge opfindelsen er tilvejebragt en fremgangs måde ved fremstilling af en hul beholder, eksempelvis en fluidbeholder eller en trykbeholder, hvorved et hult udgangsemne fremstillet af superplastisk deformerbart metal, ekspanderes til den ønskede facon for beholderen 10 ved at tilføre tryk i udgangsemnet, medens det holdes ved en temperatur, som tillader superplastisk deformation af metallet, som er ejendommelig ved, at der til fremstilling af udgangsemnet tilvejebringes en længde af massiv, superplastisk deformerbar metalstang, hvorefter 15 det centrale område, som strækker sig langs og omkring stanglængdens centrale akse fjernes ved bearbejdning, således at udgangsemnet efterlades med en væg, der har en kornstruktur, som er egnet til superplastisk deformation.5 According to the invention, there is provided a method of making a hollow container, for example a fluid container or a pressure vessel, whereby a hollow starting material made of superplastic deformable metal is expanded to the desired shape of the container 10 by applying pressure to the starting blank. at a temperature which permits superplastic deformation of the metal, characterized in that a length of solid superplastically deformable metal rod is provided to produce the starting material, after which the central region extending along and around the central axis of the rod is removed by machining. , leaving the starting blank with a wall having a grain structure suitable for superplastic deformation.
20 Fortrinsvis bores et aksialt udstrakt hul i en længde af massiv, varmvaiset titaniumlegeringsstang.Preferably, an axially extended hole is drilled in a length of solid, hot-welded titanium alloy rod.
Fortrinsvis ekspanderes udgangsemnet i et formværktøj ved at tilføre et styret tryk i udgangsemnet for at opnå en indledningsvis ekspansion af udgangsemnet 25 ved superplastisk deformation, og derefter, ved en tøj-ningshastighed af udgangsemnets metal, som er mindre end under den indledningsvise ekspansion, og i løbet af et væsentligt tidsrum, at ekspandere udgangsemnet videre ved en krybedeformationsproces.Preferably, the output blank is expanded in a mold tool by applying controlled pressure to the output blank to achieve an initial expansion of the output blank 25 by superplastic deformation, and then, at a strain rate of the starting blank metal, which is less than during the initial expansion. during a significant period of time to further expand the starting material by a creep deformation process.
30 I det følgende forklares opfindelsen nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et skematisk længdesnit gennem et udgangsemne, fig. 2 et skematisk længdesnit gennem det i form-35 værktøjet anbragte udgangsemne før formning, fig. 3 et skematisk længdesnit gennem trykbeholderen, der er dannet ved ekspansion af udgangsemnet, ogIn the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through an output blank; FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section through the starting blank placed in the molding tool prior to molding; FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal section through the pressure vessel formed by expansion of the starting blank, and
DK 160000 BDK 160000 B
3 fig. 4 et snit gennem et andet udgangsemne anbragt i dets tilhørende formværktøj før formning.3 FIG. 4 is a section through another starting blank positioned in its associated molding tool prior to molding.
Som det ses på tegningen, består udgangsemnet af en hoveddel 1 i form af et afskåret stykke stang, 5 hvori der er boret eller bearbejdet en blind passage. Stangen er varmvalset, pinolløst slebet, bejdset og fremstillet ved almindelig metallurgisk bearbejdning af legeringen Ti-6Al-4V.As can be seen in the drawing, the starting piece consists of a main part 1 in the form of a cut piece of rod 5 in which a blind passage is drilled or machined. The rod is hot-rolled, pinlessly ground, stained and manufactured by ordinary metallurgical machining of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
En prop 2 er drejet af det samme stangmateriale 10 som hoveddelen 1 ligesom et mundstykke 3. Hoveddelen 1, proppen 2 og mundstykket 3 affedtes grundigt, og elektronstrålesvej ses derefter sammen til et udgangsemne 4.A plug 2 is pivoted by the same rod material 10 as the main part 1, just like a nozzle 3. The main part 1, the plug 2 and the nozzle 3 are degreased thoroughly and the electron beam path is then viewed together to an output blank 4.
Udgangsemnet renses og affedtes og anbringes der-15 efter i et formeværktøj, der omfatter to formparter 5 og 51. Formen er af blødt stål, som, før udgangsemnet indføres i dennes indre, affedtes og påsprøjtes en blanding af Yttrium slip-middel og et opløsningsmiddel med efterfølgende opvarmning i en ovn for at fjerne op-20 løsningsmidlet.The starting blank is cleaned and degreased and then placed in a molding tool comprising two mold portions 5 and 51. The mold is of soft steel which, before introducing the starting blank into its interior, is degreased and sprayed with a mixture of Yttrium release agent and a solvent. with subsequent heating in an oven to remove the solvent.
Det samlede formeværktøj, hvori udgangsemnet er anbragt, placeres i en muffelkasse 6 af rustfrit stål, der derefter forsegles ved svejsning, men har tilgange for henholdsvis dækgas og formegas. Muffeikassen og dens 25 indhold anbringes derefter i en koldpresse. Gas under lavt tryk ledes derefter til muffeikassen via tilgangen 7, og koldpressen opvarmes elektrisk til en temperatur på 930°C ±5°C og tillades at stabilisere sig.The total molding tool in which the starting piece is placed is placed in a stainless steel muffle box 6, which is then sealed by welding, but has approaches for cover gas and molding gas respectively. The sleeve case and its contents are then placed in a cold press. Low pressure gas is then fed to the socket box via the inlet 7 and the cold press is electrically heated to a temperature of 930 ° C ± 5 ° C and allowed to stabilize.
Når udgangsemnets temperatur har nået temperatu-30 ren for den superplastiske formning (denne temperatur ligger typisk mellem 900°C og 950°C), ledes argongas under tryk til udgangsemnet via mundstykket 3. Trykket øges over et tidsrum gradvis fra atmosfærisk tryk til formetrykket (der typisk ligger mellem 1,4 MPa og 35 2,8 MPa) og holdes på denne værdi i et tidsrum, der er passende i relation til den superplastiske deformations-When the temperature of the starting material has reached the temperature of the superplastic molding (this temperature is typically between 900 ° C and 950 ° C), argon gas is pressurized to the starting material via the nozzle 3. The pressure increases gradually over a period of time from atmospheric pressure to the mold pressure ( typically between 1.4 MPa and 2.8 MPa) and maintained at this value for a period appropriate to the superplastic deformation.
DK 160000BDK 160000B
4 hastighed, hvorefter trykket fjernes (hele processen tager ca. 3 timer).4 speed after which the pressure is removed (the whole process takes about 3 hours).
Derefter tillades formen at afkøles til en temperatur, der er så lav, at emnet kan håndteres, hvorefter 5 muffelkassen med indhold fjernes fra pressen og adskilles, så man kan fjerne den fremstillede komponent.Then the mold is allowed to cool to a temperature so low that the workpiece can be handled, after which the muffle box with contents is removed from the press and separated so that the component produced can be removed.
Det må her understreges, at de angivne eksempler på værdiintervaller for henholdsvis temperatur og tryk kun er relevante i forbindelse med det aktuelle eksem-10 pel· Passende parametre for andre udgangsemner kan beregnes ud fra kendskab til det aktuelle superplastiske materiales flydespænding og en vurdering af det indvendige tryk, der er nødvendigt for at tilvejebringe en stort set tilsvarende ringspænding.It should be emphasized here that the examples of value ranges for temperature and pressure, respectively, are only relevant in connection with the current example. · Appropriate parameters for other starting items can be calculated from knowledge of the liquid stress of the current superplastic material and an assessment of it. internal pressure needed to provide a substantially similar ring tension.
15 I det anførte eksempel anvendes Ti-6Al-4V, men det antages, at den ovenfor beskrevne fremgangsmåde ligeledes kan anvendes i forbindelse med andre superplastiske materialer.In the example given, Ti-6Al-4V is used, but it is believed that the above-described method can also be used in conjunction with other superplastic materials.
Ved udformningen af et passende udgangsemne er 20 det forholdet mellem vægtykkelsen og den indvendige diameter, der er den kritiske faktor ved fastlæggelsen af formetrykcyklussen. Udgangsemnet kan såvel udvendigt som indvendigt formes ved hjælp af konventionelle bearbejdningsmetoder, idet der f.eks. kan udformes udvendige 25 flige eller indvendige ribber.In designing a suitable starting blank, it is the ratio of the wall thickness to the inside diameter that is the critical factor in determining the molding cycle. The starting blank can be formed both externally and internally by conventional machining methods, e.g. can be formed outside 25 tabs or inner ribs.
I det ovenfor angivne eksempel omfatter formeværktøj et to parter af blødt stål. Værktøjet kunne dog også være fremstillet af rustfrit stål, hvilket faktisk er foretrukket, idet det overfløddiggør behovet for en 30 muffelkasse.In the example given above, molding tools comprise two parts of soft steel. However, the tool could also be made of stainless steel, which is actually preferred, eliminating the need for a 30 muffle box.
Det stangmateriale, hvoraf hoveddelen 1, proppen 2 og mundstykket 3 til udgangsemnet 4 er fremstillet kan tilvejebringes ved varmvalsning, som tidligere nævnt, eller alternativt ved smedning.The rod material from which the body part 1, the plug 2 and the nozzle 3 of the starting blank 4 are made can be provided by hot rolling, as previously mentioned, or alternatively by forging.
35 Varmvalsningen eller smedningen må være udført således, at efter at den centrale passage er dannet i 5 DK ΙόΟΟϋΟΒ stangen står hoveddelen 1 tilbage med en cylindrisk væg, i hvilken korndimensionerne ikke er for aflange i én retning, dvs. enten aksialt eller i omkredsretningen.The hot rolling or forging must be designed so that after the central passage is formed in the 5 DK ΙόΟΟϋΟΒ rod, the main part 1 is left with a cylindrical wall in which the grain dimensions are not too elongated in one direction, ie. either axially or circumferentially.
Navnlig i de tilfælde, hvor det emne, der frem-5 stilles, skal have et eller flere forholdsvis skarpe hjørner, såsom det rundtgående hjørne, hvor den færdige trykbeholders cylindriske del møder beholderens hvælvede endeflade, som vist i fig. 3, foretrækkes det at styre trykket i udgangsemnet, således at hovedparten af ud-10 gangsemnets ekspansion sker ved en superplastisk deformationsproces, medens resten af ekspansionen, dvs. slut-ekspansionen ud i formværktøjets skarpe hjørner, sker ved en krybedeformationsproces. Idet udgangsemnet under hele processen holdes på temperaturen for den superpla-15 stiske deformation, kan det i udgangsemnet tilførte tryk styres, så der opretholdes en tøjningshastighed i udgangsemnets materiale på eller omkring 10“3 til 10“4 s"1, hvilket udgør det superplastiske deformationstrin under processen, hvorefter trykket holdes konstant eller 20 kun øges meget langsomt til en værdi, der giver en tøjningshastighed på omkring 10“‘ s-1 i et tidsrum svarende til omkring en tredjedel af den samlede deformationsproces 1 tid med henblik på at tilvejebringe det sidste kry-bedeformationstrin.In particular, in the case where the workpiece produced must have one or more relatively sharp corners, such as the circumferential corner, where the cylindrical portion of the finished pressure vessel meets the vaulted end surface of the container, as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable to control the pressure in the starting blank so that the majority of the output of the starting blank is effected by a superplastic deformation process, while the rest of the expansion, i.e. the end expansion into the sharp corners of the molding tool is done by a creep deformation process. As the output blank is maintained at the temperature of the superplastic deformation throughout the process, the pressure applied to the output blank can be controlled to maintain a strain rate in the output of the output blank at or about 10 "3 to 10" 4 s "1, which is the superplastic deformation steps during the process, after which the pressure is kept constant or only slowly increases to a value which gives a strain rate of about 10 "s-1 for a period equal to about one-third of the total deformation process 1 time to provide it. last get-bite formation stage.
2 5 Fig. 4 illustrerer fremstillingen af et andet hult emne, nemlig en torums trykbeholder til brug ved fremstilling af tør, kold luft. Udgangsemnet omfatter to cylindriske stangstykker 41 og 42, der begge har en boring i den ene ende i form af et blindt hul. Der er 30 ligeledes boret et radialt hul i begge stykkerne, hvilke huller er indbyrdes forbundne ved hjælp af et rørstykke 43 af en titaniumlegering, der er fastgjort ved svejsning til de respektive radiale huller. Mundingen af hullet i stykket 41 er lukket ved isvej sning af en 35 massiv titaniumlegeringprop 44, medens mundingen af hullet i stykket 42 er forbundet med en prop 2 og etFIG. 4 illustrates the preparation of another hollow blank, namely a torque pressure vessel for use in the preparation of dry, cold air. The starting piece comprises two cylindrical rod pieces 41 and 42, both of which have a bore at one end in the form of a blind hole. A radial hole is also drilled in both pieces, which holes are interconnected by means of a pipe piece 43 of a titanium alloy attached by welding to the respective radial holes. The mouth of the hole in the piece 41 is closed by ice welding a massive titanium alloy plug 44, while the mouth of the hole in the piece 42 is connected to a plug 2 and a
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8506157 | 1985-03-09 | ||
| GB858506157A GB8506157D0 (en) | 1985-03-09 | 1985-03-09 | Superplastic forming |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK104286D0 DK104286D0 (en) | 1986-03-07 |
| DK104286A DK104286A (en) | 1986-09-10 |
| DK160000B true DK160000B (en) | 1991-01-14 |
| DK160000C DK160000C (en) | 1991-06-17 |
Family
ID=10575741
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK104286A DK160000C (en) | 1985-03-09 | 1986-03-07 | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A HOLE CONTAINER. |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0194827B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0790295B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3663458D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK160000C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8702187A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB8506157D0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO163598C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3543523A1 (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1987-06-11 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONTAINERS BY SUPERPLASTIC FORMING |
| US5407494A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-04-18 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Method of fabricating a welded metallic duct assembly |
| US6182487B1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2001-02-06 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Metal vessel and a fabrication method for the same |
| FR2772459A1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-06-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Process for fabricating a watertight envelope for a reservoir |
| US8991683B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2015-03-31 | The Boeing Company | Mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding |
| CN103769482B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-08-24 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | A kind of integral forming method of titanium alloy air intake duct part |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB276247A (en) * | 1927-02-24 | 1927-08-25 | Ernst Asberger | Improved metal blowing process |
| GB888461A (en) * | 1956-11-14 | 1962-01-31 | Thompson J Wolverhampton Ltd | Improvements relating to a method of and means for forming an inflated hollow body from sheet or plate metal |
| GB1378421A (en) * | 1972-01-18 | 1974-12-27 | British Aircraft Corp Ltd | Forming articles from superplastic alloys |
| JPS5640652B2 (en) * | 1973-10-02 | 1981-09-22 | ||
| JPS52130465A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-11-01 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Bulge processing method |
| GB2030480B (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1982-08-04 | British Aerospace | Method of making a stiffened panel |
| FR2453693A1 (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1980-11-07 | Aerospatiale | PROCESS FOR FORMING SUPERPLASTIC MATERIAL |
| JPS5744431A (en) * | 1980-08-30 | 1982-03-12 | Nippon Koki Kk | Formation of hot bulge and pattern or the like for pipe to be worked using metallic bead as medium |
-
1985
- 1985-03-09 GB GB858506157A patent/GB8506157D0/en active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-03-07 NO NO860872A patent/NO163598C/en unknown
- 1986-03-07 DK DK104286A patent/DK160000C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-08 ES ES552806A patent/ES8702187A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-10 JP JP61050712A patent/JPH0790295B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-10 EP EP19860301667 patent/EP0194827B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-10 DE DE8686301667T patent/DE3663458D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-03-10 GB GB08605888A patent/GB2175235B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2175235B (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| GB2175235A (en) | 1986-11-26 |
| NO860872L (en) | 1986-09-10 |
| GB8506157D0 (en) | 1985-04-11 |
| NO163598C (en) | 1990-06-27 |
| DK104286D0 (en) | 1986-03-07 |
| DE3663458D1 (en) | 1989-06-29 |
| EP0194827A3 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
| EP0194827B1 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
| GB8605888D0 (en) | 1986-04-16 |
| EP0194827A2 (en) | 1986-09-17 |
| NO163598B (en) | 1990-03-19 |
| ES552806A0 (en) | 1987-01-01 |
| ES8702187A1 (en) | 1987-01-01 |
| JPH0790295B2 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
| DK160000C (en) | 1991-06-17 |
| DK104286A (en) | 1986-09-10 |
| JPS61253130A (en) | 1986-11-11 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PBP | Patent lapsed |