DK156410B - Method for feeding of ruminants and enclosure for housing the ruminants which are fed in accordance with the method - Google Patents

Description

DK 156410 BDK 156410 B

Den foreliggende opfindelse angâr en fremgangsmâde til fodring af dravtyggere og et indelukke til anbringelse af dravtyggere, der fod-res i henhold til fremgangsmâden.The present invention relates to a method for feeding chewing gum and an enclosure for placing chewing gum fed according to the method.

Dravtyggere har igennem ârhundreder haft væsentlig betydning ved 5 udnyttelse af jorden til fadeproduktion. Dette hænger naje sammen med, at dravtyggere, nâr de er nogle fâ uger garnie, udvikler et symbiotisk forhold med mikrofloraen i formaven (vommen), hvilket sætter dem i stand til at udnytte næringsstoffer med et stort indhold af râ fibre (fx græs eller halm), som ikke kan udnyttes af enmavede 10 dyr, herunder mennesker.Hundreds of chickens have for centuries been of significant importance in the 5 utilization of land for crop production. This is closely related to the fact that when they are a few weeks old, chewing gum develops a symbiotic relationship with the microflora in the stomach (rumen), which enables them to utilize nutrients with a high content of raw fiber (eg grass or straw). ), which cannot be exploited by one-tailed 10 animals, including humans.

Mikroorganismerne i vommen omdanner en væsentlig del af de fibrose stoffer i foderet til flygtige carboxylsyrer (især eddikesyre, pro-pionsyre og smarsyre) samt mikrobielle proteiner og nukleinsyrer. Carboxylsyrerne og visse andre produkter fra den mikrobielle meta-15 bolisme absorberes direkte geimem vomvæggen, hvorimod den mikrobielle biomasse og den del af foderet, som af forskellige ârsager ikke er blevet omdannet, passerer videre til labemaven, hvor den udnyttes efter samme principper som i enmavede dyr.The microorganisms in the rumen convert a significant portion of the fibrosis substances in the feed into volatile carboxylic acids (especially acetic, propionic and succinic) as well as microbial proteins and nucleic acids. The carboxylic acids and certain other products of microbial metabolism are directly absorbed by the gut wall, whereas the microbial biomass and the portion of the feed, which for various reasons has not been converted, passes on to the lab stomach where it is utilized according to the same principles as in the stomach. animals.

Dravtyggere udnytter næringsstoffer med et lille indhold af râ fibre 20 (herunder cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pektiner, etc.), sâsom korn og oliekager, mindre effektivt end enmavede dyr sâsom svin eller fjerkræ, hvilket betyder, at fx en vægtforagelse pâ 1 kg hos kvæg kræver optagelse af 5-7 kg korn-oliekageblanding, hvorimod en vægtforagelse pâ 1 kg kan opnàs hos svin med mindre end halvdelen af 25 denne fodermængde. Den mindre effektive udnyttelse af foder, som kun indeholder fâ râ fibre, og som fx kan være proteinrige eller fedthol-dige næringsstoffer, skyldes de fordajelsesprocesser, som finder sted i vommen. Dravtyggere, hvis vomfunktion ikke er udviklet, og hvis basale foder er mælk, er i stand til at lukke bollerenden (en âbning, 30 som befinder sig for enden af spiseraret, og som, nâr den er âben, leder det indtagne foder ned i vommen) og danne et rar, som gàr forbi vommen og leder direkte til labemaven, sâledes at unge dravtyggere udviser en haj udnyttelse af foder, som kun indeholder fâ râ fibre, far og i labet af den période, hvor de udvikler deres vomfunktion til 35 at fordaje celluloseholdigt foder. Hvis man giver en voksen dravtyg-ger mælk, vil bollerenden forblive âben, og mælken vil passere tilChewing gum utilizes nutrients with a low content of raw fiber 20 (including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectins, etc.), such as cereals and oilcakes, less efficiently than homemade animals such as pigs or poultry, which means, for example, a weight loss of 1 kg in cattle, uptake of 5-7 kg of grain-oil cake mix requires, whereas a weight reduction of 1 kg can be obtained in pigs with less than half of this feed quantity. The less efficient utilization of feed containing only raw fiber and which may, for example, be protein-rich or high-fat nutrients, is due to the digestive processes that take place in the rumen. Chewing gum, whose rumen function is not developed and whose basic feed is milk, is able to close the bun end (an opening 30 located at the end of the esophagus and, when open, directs the ingested feed into the rumen ) and form a furrow that goes past the rumen and leads directly to the lab belly, so that young gourds exhibit a shark utilization of feed containing only few fibers, father and during the period in which they develop their rumen function to 35 distribute cellulosic feed. If you give an adult lactating milk, the bun end will remain open and the milk will pass to

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Hos voksne drevtyggere er proteinudnyttelsen i særlig grad dârlig, fordi stsrstedelen af foderproteinet i vommen nedbrydes til ammoniak, som delvis udnyttes til opbygning af værdifulde mikrobielle proteiner og delvis gâr tabt eller i det væsentlige gâr tabt ved, at det omdan-5 nés til urinstof og nukleinsyrer, som ikke kan udnyttes af drovtyg-geren i sterre mængder. I lebemaven og i tarmen nedbrydes de fieste proteiner fra den mikrobielle biomasse og éventuelle ikke-nedbrudte dele af foderproteinet til smâ peptider og frie aminosyrer, som ab-sorberes gennem tarmvæggen og udnyttes til opbygning af nye proteiner 10 i dyret. Denne sidste del af proteinomdannelsen er lige sâ effektiv hos drevtyggere som hos enmavede dyr.In adult ruminants, protein utilization is particularly poor because most of the feed protein in the rumen is broken down into ammonia, which is partially utilized to build up valuable microbial proteins and is partially lost or substantially lost by converting it to urea and nucleic acids which cannot be utilized by the ruminant in sterile amounts. In the stomach and intestine, most proteins from the microbial biomass and any non-degraded portions of the feed protein are broken down into small peptides and free amino acids which are absorbed through the intestinal wall and utilized to build new proteins 10 in the animal. This latter part of protein conversion is just as effective in chewing gum as it is in monotonous animals.

Det har i flere âr været kendt, at der kunne opnâs en væsentlig for-egelse i drevtyggeres proteinudnyttelse ved at beskytte foderproteinet ved hjælp af varme- eller fornaiinbehandling, sâledes at en stor 15 del af proteinet passerer gennem vommen uden at blive nedbrudt. I aile vigtige kvægproducerende lande er der derfor blevet drevet om-fattende forskning for at udvikle behandlingsmetoder, som giver mak-simal beskyttelse mod proteinnedbrydelse i vommen, og som samtidig sikrer, at den nedgang i fordejeligheden i lebemaven og tarmen, som 20 ofte forârsages af behandlingen, er sâ lille som mulig.It has been known for several years that a significant improvement in the protein utilization of chewing gum could be achieved by protecting the feed protein by heat or feed treatment, such that a large portion of the protein passes through the rumen without being degraded. In all important cattle-producing countries, therefore, extensive research has been conducted to develop treatment methods that provide maximum protection against protein degradation in the rumen and at the same time ensure that the decrease in the benefit of the stomach and intestine, which is often caused by the treatment is as small as possible.

Fedt bliver ligesom protein omdannet i vommen omend med mindre dras-tiske virkninger. Den vigtigste ændring er en omfattende hydrogéné-ring af éventuelle umættede fedtsyrer, som er til stede i foderet, pâ grund af indvirkningen af mikroorganismerne i vommen, sâledes at 25 smarfedt altid har et relativt lille indhold af umættede fedtsyrer (lavt iodtal), selv nâr fedtet i foderet er stærkt umættet. Pâ grund af publicering af materiale, som viser de gunstige virkninger ved an-vendelsen af umættede fedtsyrer i kosten til mennesker, er smer blevet ugunstigt sammenlignet med fx vegetabilsk margarine, hvilket har 30 pâvirket salget af smer.Fat, like protein, is converted into the rumen, albeit with less drastic effects. The most important change is the extensive hydrogenation of any unsaturated fatty acids present in the feed due to the action of the microorganisms in the rumen, so that 25 butterfat always has a relatively low content of unsaturated fatty acids (low iodine), even when the fat in the feed is highly unsaturated. Due to publication of material which shows the beneficial effects of the use of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet of humans, pain has become unfavorable compared with, for example, vegetable margarine, which has affected the sales of pain.

Endnu en uansket virkning ved, at drevtyggere indtager fedt i vommen, er en reduktion i fordejeligheden af andre organiske materialer. Selv om fedt er en ensket bestanddel i foderet pâ grund af dets lave pris pr. foderenhed (i nærværende sammenhæng defineres en "foderenhed" som 35 nettoenergiværdien af 1 kg byg indeholdende 17% fugt), vil et stortAnother undesirable effect of chewing gum fat is a reduction in the advantage of other organic materials. Although fat is an individual ingredient in the feed due to its low cost per day. feed unit (in this context a "feed unit" is defined as the 35 net energy value of 1 kg of barley containing 17% moisture), a large

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3 fedtindhold i foderet bevirke en betydelig reduktion af især rà fibres fordojelighed i vommen.3 fat content in the feed causes a significant reduction in the digestibility of raw fiber in particular.

Parallelt med udviklingen af metoder til beskyttelse af protein har man derfor forsegt at behandle fedt pâ en sâdan mâde, at de négative 5 virkninger ved dets ophold i vommen elimineres eller i det mindste minimeres. Den mest kendte metode er en metode, hvorved fine fedt-partikler fordeles i en proteinpasta, som derefter formalin- og/eller varmebehandles, hvorved der pà samme tid opnâs to fordele, idet fed-tet beskyttes ved at blive inkorporeret i beskyttet protein.Parallel to the development of methods for the protection of protein, therefore, attempts have been made to treat fat in such a way that the negative effects of its stay in the rumen are eliminated or at least minimized. The most well-known method is a method whereby fine fat particles are distributed in a protein paste which is then formalin and / or heat treated, thereby obtaining two benefits at the same time, protecting the fat by being incorporated into protected protein.

10 Imidlertid er der den ulempe ved beskyttelsen af protein og fedt, at det er en kostbar procès, samt at den reducerer fordejeligheden af begge typer stof i lebemaven og tarmen.10 However, the disadvantage of the protection of protein and fat is that it is a costly process and also reduces the advantage of both types of substance in the stomach and intestine.

Der er sâledes et betydelig behov for at opnâ en forbedret udnyttelse af det foder, som gives til drovtyggere, især ikke-celluloseholdigt 15 foder med et stort energiindhold, pâ andre mâder. Det har nu vist sig, at det er muligt at stimulere drovtyggere til at lukke bolleren-den, nâr de indtager flydende foder, selv nâr de har en fuldt ud-viklet vomfunktion, og selv nâr det flydende foder ikke er mælk eller en mælkeerstatning.Thus, there is a significant need to achieve improved utilization of the feed given to ruminants, especially non-cellulosic 15 high-energy feed, in other ways. It has now been found that it is possible to stimulate ruminants to close the bollard when consuming liquid feed, even when they have a fully developed rumen function and even when the liquid feed is not milk or milk substitute.

20 Den foreliggende opfindelse angâr sâledes en fremgangsmâde til fod- ring af en drevtygger med en fuldt udviklet vomfunktion, hvor foderet er opdelt i to dele omfattende et flydende foder, som gives, medens drovtyggeren stimuleres pâ en sâdan mâde, at bollerenderefleksen aktiveres under indtagelsen af det flydende foder, og et fast foder, 25 som gives pâ en sâdan mâde, at bollerendens lukkerefleks ikke aktiveres under indtagelsen af det faste foder, hvor begge typer foder uafhængigt af hinanden er tilgængelige via separate dispensersyste-mer, hvilken fremgangsmâde er ejendommelig ved, at det flydende foder tilfores automatisk i en mængde pâ 0,5-10 1 ved hver fodringsperiode 30 2-8 gange dagligt via en dispenseranordning, der er anbragt ved drevtyggerens fodringssted i en sâdan stilling, at hovedet hos en drovtygger, som drikker af dispenseranordningen, i det væsentlige indtager samme stilling som diestillingen hos et ikke-fravænnet dyr af samme dyreart, idet det flydende foder omfatter en oplosning, sus-35 pension eller opslæmning af proteiner, peptider eller aminosyrer i DK 156410 B j 4 ! letfordejelige carboiihydrater i en mængde i omrâdet 0-50 vægtprocent af torstofindholdet i foderet og/eller fedtstoffer i en mængde i omrâdet 15-100 vægtprocent af terstofindholdet i foderet, i en accep-tabel væske sâsom vand, plantesaft, gærflode eller animalske sera 5 sâsom mælk, valle, blodserum eller helblod eller opleselige stoffer fra fisk, idet én eller flere af bestanddelene i det flydende foder er helt eller delvis hydrolyserede, og det faste foder omfatter carborihydrater, som er mindre fordojelige, sâsom cellulose eller hemicellulose, og som udger mindst ca. 30% af torstofindholdet, for-10 trinsvis mindst 60% af tarstofindholdet i foderet samt ikke-protein-holdige, nitrogenholdige forbindelser sâsom urinstof, ammoniumfor-bindelser, nitrater, etc., der udgor mindst ca. 1%, fortrinsvis mindst ca. 1,5% af terstofindholdet i foderet.The present invention thus relates to a method of feeding a chewing gum having a fully developed womens function, wherein the feed is divided into two parts comprising a liquid feed which is provided while stimulating the chewing gum in such a way that the bulb end reflex is activated during the ingestion of the liquid feed, and a solid feed, provided in such a way that the bulb end shutter reflex is not activated during ingestion of the solid feed, where both types of feed are available independently of each other via separate dispensing systems, the method being characterized by: that the liquid feed is automatically fed in an amount of 0.5-10 liters at each feeding period 30 2-8 times daily via a dispenser arranged at the feeding place of the chewing gum in such a position that the head of a ruminant drinking from the dispenser device essentially occupies the same position as the feeding position of a non-weaned animal of the same animal species, the liquid feed comprising is a solution, suspension or slurry of proteins, peptides or amino acids in DK 156410 B j 4! readily digestible carbohydrates in an amount in the range of 0-50% by weight of the solids content of the feed and / or fats in an amount in the range of 15-100% by weight of the solids content of the feed, in an acceptable liquid such as water, plant juice, yeast flow or animal sera 5 milk, whey, blood serum or whole blood or soluble substances of fish, one or more of the constituents of the liquid feed being wholly or partially hydrolyzed, and the solid feed comprising less digestible carbohydrates, such as cellulose or hemicellulose, which produce at least ca. 30% of the solids content, preferably at least 60% of the solids content of the feed, and non-proteinaceous nitrogenous compounds such as urea, ammonium compounds, nitrates, etc., constituting at least approx. 1%, preferably at least approx. 1.5% of the material content of the feed.

Ved denne fremgangsmâde ber drikkevand være tilgængeligt ad libitum, 15 da et torstigt dyr har en tendens til at forveksle det flydende foder med drikkevand, som i det væsentlige altid passerer til vommen, og derfor ikke lukker bollerenden.In this method, drinking water is requested to be available ad libitum, since a thirsty animal tends to confuse the liquid feed with drinking water which is essentially always passed to the rumen and therefore does not close the bunker end.

Hovedfordelene ved at anvende fodringsmetoden ifolge opfindelsen, nemlig opdeling af foderbestanddelene i en flydende og en fast del (i 20 det folgende ogsâ betegnet "splitfeeding"), og ved at anvende kon-trollerede og biologisk optimale mængder af hver foderbestanddel, er felgende: 1. Der opnâs en forbedret foderudnyttelse, da de letfordejelige foderbestanddele med et stort energiindhold ledes direkte til 25 den del af fordajelsessystemet, hvor de kan udnyttes optimalt, dvs. lebemaven, medens de mindre fordojelige foderbestanddele, som udnyttes bedre efter at være blevet udsat for de mikrobi-elle enzymer i vommen, ledes til vommen uden de négative virkninger, som foràrsages af store mængder letfordejelige 30 bestanddele i vommen, 2. en forbedret udnyttelse af billige næringsstoffer, som har et stort celluloseindhold sâsom halm og ikke-proteiriholdige nitrogenholdige forbindelser sâsom urinstof eller ammoniumfor-bindelser,The main advantages of using the feeding method according to the invention, namely the division of the feed constituents into a liquid and a solid portion (hereinafter also referred to as "splitfeeding"), and by using controlled and biologically optimal amounts of each feed ingredient, are the following: 1 Improved feed utilization is achieved since the easily digestible feed ingredients with a high energy content are fed directly to the part of the digestive system where they can be utilized optimally, ie. the stomach, while the less digestible feed ingredients, which are better utilized after being exposed to the microbial enzymes in the rumen, are fed to the rumen without the adverse effects caused by large quantities of easily digestible 30 ingredients in the rumen, 2. improved utilization of cheap nutrients having a high cellulose content such as straw and non-proteinaceous nitrogenous compounds such as urea or ammonium compounds,

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5 3. en hojere produktivitet, som kan opnâs pâ grund af den for- 0gede og, specielt, mere afbalancerede tilforsel af absorber-bare stoffer, der opnâs ved hjælp af splitfeeding i stedet for konventionel fodring, 5 4. det er blevet muligt at regulere indholdet og sammensætningen af fedtstoffer i den mælk, der fâs fra drovtyggeren, ved at inkorporere det onskede indhold og form af fedtet i det fly-dende foder.5 3. higher productivity, which can be achieved due to the increased and, in particular, more balanced supply of absorbable substances obtained by split feeding instead of conventional feeding; 4. it has become possible to regulating the content and composition of fats in the milk obtained from the ruminant by incorporating the desired content and form of the fat into the liquid feed.

Nâr dravtyggerne er kvæg, kan den forbedrede foderudnyttelse mâles 10 ved det hojere mælkeudbytte og/eller den nettovægtforogelse, der opnâs i sammenligning med konventionelt fodrede dyr eller i tilfælde af et drægtigt dyr en tilfredsstillende fosterudvikling. Selvfolgelig er den mest kontrollerede pâvisning af de fordelagtige virkninger, der opnâs ved fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen, at mâle mængden og sam-15 mensætnlngen af udskilningsprodukterne fra dyret og sammenligne det med sammensætningen og mængden af det indtagne foder.When cattle are cattle, the improved feed utilization can be measured by the higher milk yield and / or the net weight gain achieved in comparison with conventionally fed animals or in the case of a pregnant animal a satisfactory fetal development. Of course, the most controlled demonstration of the beneficial effects obtained by the method of the invention is to measure the amount and composition of the animal excretory products and compare it with the composition and amount of the feed consumed.

I nogen grad udviser fremgangsmâden ifelge opfindelsen ligheder med én af de fremgangsmâder, der anvendes til at fodre tremmekalve for at fâ kalveked, som har en karakteristisk lys farve. Denne fremgangsmâde 20 udnytter ogsâ en opdeling af foderet i en flydende del, som bestâr af en mælkeerstatning, og en fast del, som er en celluloserig foderbe-standdel sâsom halm, som gores tilgængelig for dyrene i begrænsede mængder i pelleteret form. Det flydende foder indtages, med lukket bollerende.To some extent, the method of the invention exhibits similarities to one of the methods used to feed calf calves to obtain calf meat which has a characteristic light color. This method 20 also utilizes a division of the feed into a liquid portion consisting of a milk substitute and a solid portion which is a cellulosic feed ingredient such as straw which is made available to the animals in limited quantities in pelleted form. The liquid feed is consumed, with closed muffling.

25 Imidlertid er fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen gennemgribende for-skellig fra denne kendte fremgangsmâde til fodring af tremmekalve derved, at 1. fremgangsmâden ifelge opfindelsen er beregnet til drovtyggere med en fuldt udviklet vomfunktion, medens tremmekalvene pâ 30 grund af den begrænsede tilgængelighed af det faste foder kun udvikler en meget begrænset vomfunktion og slagtes, for deres vom er fuldt udviklet. I modsætning til fremgangsmâden til fodring af tremmekalve kan fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen med fordel anvendes til fodring af voksne dravtyggere sâsom 6However, the method according to the invention is fundamentally different from this known method for feeding calf calves in that the first method according to the invention is intended for ruminants with a fully developed rum function, while the calves are only 30 due to the limited availability of the solid feed. develops a very limited rumen function and is slaughtered, because their rumen is fully developed. In contrast to the method of feeding calf calves, the method of the invention can advantageously be used for feeding adult chewing gum such as 6

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2. Drovtyggere, der fodres i henhold til den foreliggende frem-gangsmâde, modtager ogsâ en fuld tilfersel af fast foder, her-under celluloseholdige forbindelser. Tremmekalve modtager sæd-vanligvis ikke mere end 0,4 g cellulose/kg legemsvægt/dag, 5 hvilket svarer til en maksimal mængde pâ 80 g cellulose/dag for et dyr pâ 200 kg. Ifelge den foreliggende opfindelse fâr drovtyggerne imidlertid celluloseholdige foderbestanddele svarende til en mængde pâ mindst 2 g cellulose/kg legemsvægt/-dag, hvilket er mindst fem gange sâ meget som den mængde 10 cellulose, der gives til tremmekalvene.2. Drugs fed according to the present method also receive a full supply of solid feed, including cellulosic compounds. Quail calves usually receive no more than 0.4 g of cellulose / kg body weight / day, which corresponds to a maximum amount of 80 g of cellulose / day for an animal of 200 kg. However, according to the present invention, the ruminants obtain cellulose-containing feed ingredients corresponding to an amount of at least 2 g of cellulose / kg body weight / day, which is at least five times as much as the amount of 10 cellulose given to the calf calves.

3. Tremmekalve, der fodres ifelge den ovenfor beskrevne frem-gangsmâde, modtager ca. 90% af deres energitilfarsel fra mælkeerstatningen i modsætning til fremgangsmâden ifolge den foreliggende opfindelse, hvor forholdet mellem energioptagelse 15 fra det flydende (hojenergi) og faste (lavenergi) foder kan variere fra et forhold mellem flydende og fast foder pâ 75:25 til 0:100 for mallceksers vedkommende, afhængig af trinnet af deres lactationsperiode. I lobet af den forste tid efter kælvningen, hvor deres produktion er hoj, og energibehovet er 20 tilsvarende stort, dominerer mængden af flydende foder ener- gioptagelsen, medens det billigere faste foder dominerer energitilfsrslen i slutningen af mælkegivningsperioden, hvor energibehovet er raindre.3. Calf calves fed according to the above described method receive approx. 90% of their energy supply from the milk substitute as opposed to the method according to the present invention, where the ratio of energy absorption 15 from the liquid (high energy) to solid (low energy) feed can vary from a liquid to solid feed ratio of 75:25 to 0: 100 for mall breeders, depending on the stage of their lactation period. During the first time after the calving, when their production is high and the energy demand is 20 correspondingly large, the amount of liquid feed dominates the energy intake, while the cheaper solid feed dominates the energy supply at the end of the milk-giving period where the energy demand is lower.

4. Tremmekalve modtager normalt hele eller næsten hele deres næ- 25 ringsstoftilfersel fra mælk eller mælkeerstatning to gange daglig fra fedsel til slagtning, hvilket betyder, at deres evne til at lukke bollerenden ved at indtage flydende foder kan opretholdes, uden at der tages specielle forholdsregler.4. Calf calves usually receive all or almost all of their nutrient supply from milk or milk replacement twice daily from food to slaughter, which means that their ability to close the bunker end by consuming liquid feed can be maintained without special precautions being taken. .

Det ber imidlertid understreges, at det er nedvendigt at 30 tilfere det faste foder efter det flydende foder for at undgà fordejelsesproblemer. Hvis det faste foder gives ferst, vil kalven ofte undlade at lukke bollerenden, nâr den bagefter drikker det flydende foder. Dette betyder, at det flydende foder ledes til vommen og medfarer de ovenfor beskrevne pro-35 blemer.However, it should be emphasized that it is necessary to feed the solid feed after the liquid feed to avoid digestive problems. If the solid feed is given hard, the calf will often fail to close the bun end when afterwards drinking the liquid feed. This means that the liquid feed is led to the rumen and causes the problems described above.

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7 Pâ den anden side sigter fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen mod at regulere bollerendens lukkerefleks under fodringsbetingel-ser, soin er mere komplekse, end tilfældet er med tremmekalve-ne. Farst og fremmest kræver den starre mængde fast foder, der 5 skal indtages, at bollerenden er âben i flere timer i dagnet, sâledes at medmindre der tages specielle forholdsregler ifalge opfindelsen for at undgâ dette, vil dravtyggerne undlade at lukke bollerenden, nâr de drikker det flydende foder. Endvi-dere skal fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen tilpasses til at 10 overvinde de vanskeligheder, der er forbundet med ansket om at være i stand til at variere energifordelingen mellem flydende og fast foder inden for et bredt omrâde. For kvægs vedkommende er det fx ikke nadvendigt at tilfare koncentreret energi til kvier ud fra flydende foder i længere tidsrum (sâsom fra 15 adskillige mâneder til næsten to âr), og dette er ogsâ til- fældet med voksne kaer i slutningen af deres mælkegivnings-periode. I labet af sâdanne perioder vil dyrene miste deres évne til at lukke bollerenden, medmindre de fodres ifalge fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen. Endvidere har det vist sig, 20 at den rækkefalge, hvori det flydende og det faste foder gares tilgængeligt for dravtyggeren, ikke har nogen betydning, nâr de fodres i henhold til fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen.7 On the other hand, the method of the invention aims to regulate the shutter end shutter reflex under feeding conditions, soin is more complex than is the case with the calf calves. First and foremost, the rigid amount of solid feed required to be consumed requires the bunker end to be open for several hours during the day, so that unless special precautions are taken in accordance with the invention to avoid this, the trawlers will fail to close the bunker end when drinking it. liquid feed. Furthermore, the method of the invention must be adapted to overcome the difficulties associated with the desire to be able to vary the energy distribution between liquid and solid feed within a wide range. For cattle, for example, it is not necessary to add concentrated energy to heifers from liquid feed for extended periods of time (such as from 15 several months to almost two years), and this is also the case with adult cows at the end of their milk-feeding period. . In the course of such periods, the animals will lose their ability to close the bunker end unless they are fed according to the method of the invention. Furthermore, it has been found that the order in which the liquid and solid feed are made available to the chewing gum does not matter when fed according to the method according to the invention.

I overensstemmelse med princippet ifalge opfindelsen har det vist sig, at en biologisk optimal mængde proteiner, peptider eller amino-25 syrer ligger i omràdet 30-60, især ca. 50, vægtprocent af tarstofind-holdet i det flydende foder. Den proteinholdige bestanddel, der anvendes som bestanddel i det flydende foder, kan være en hvilken som helst proteinholdig bestanddel, som kan udnyttes i dravtyggerens labemave og tarm. Den proteinholdige bestanddel kan sâledes omfatte 30 proteinrige biprodukter fra kornforarbejdning sâsom ris, byg, havre eller hvedeklid eller majsgluten; bælgfrugtproteiner, fx lucerne-, sojabanne-, lupin-, ærte- eller hestebanneproteiner; og kartoffelpro-teiner, palmekernekage, solsikkefrakage og bomuldsfrakage, eller en blanding af hvilke som helst af disse. Det er en fordel, hvis det 35 proteinholdige produkt, der gives til dravtyggeren, har et relativt lille indhold af carbonhydrater. Det har derfor vist sig hensigts-mæssigt at tilfare proteinerne i form af animalske proteiner sâsom casein, valle, blod, sérum, kad- og/eller benmel, helfiskemel, op- 8In accordance with the principle of the invention, it has been found that a biologically optimal amount of proteins, peptides or amino acids is in the range of 30-60, in particular about. 50, weight percent of the liquid content of the liquid feed. The proteinaceous ingredient used as a liquid feed ingredient can be any proteinaceous ingredient that can be utilized in the gut's gut and intestine. The proteinaceous component may thus comprise 30 protein-rich by-products of cereals such as rice, barley, oats or wheat bran or corn gluten; legume proteins, e.g., alfalfa, soybean, lupine, pea or equine proteins; and potato proteins, palm kernel cake, sunflower freckle and cotton freckle, or a mixture of any of these. It is an advantage if the protein-containing product given to the killer has a relatively low carbohydrate content. Therefore, it has been found appropriate to add the proteins in the form of animal proteins such as casein, whey, blood, semen, cad and / or bone meal, whole fish meal,

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produkter eller en blanding deraf. En anden intéressant proteinkilde er biomasse (ogsâ kendt som "enkeltcelle-protein"), som fremstilles ved at fermentere carbonhydratkilder med en mikroorganisme pâ i og for sig kendt mâde. I modsætning til konventionel enkeltcelle-pro-5 teinfremstilling er det muligt i det væsentlige at udelade de be- kostelige processer med isolering og oprensning af mikroorganismerne og terring af det oprensede isolat, da biomassen ved fremgangsmâden ifelge opfindelsen kan gives til drevtyggerne mere eller mindre i den form, som den er fremstillet i, eller hejst i form at et vàdt mikro-10 bielt isolat (fx gærflode).products or a mixture thereof. Another interesting source of protein is biomass (also known as "single cell protein"), which is produced by fermenting carbohydrate sources with a microorganism in a manner known per se. In contrast to conventional single cell protein production, it is essentially possible to omit the costly processes of isolating and purifying the microorganisms and drying of the purified isolate, since the biomass of the process of the invention can be more or less given to the drive chews. the mold in which it is made, or harvested in the form of a wet microbial isolate (e.g., yeast river).

Det har vist sig, at det flydende foder ikke ber indeholde for store mængder letfordejelige carbohhydrater, jfr. den nedenfor anferte forklaring. Derfor kan en hensigtsmæssig mængde letfordejelige car-bonhydrater ligge i omrâdet 5-40, især ca, 20, vægtprocent af tersto-15 findholdet i det flydende foder, afhængig af den mængde flydende foder, der gives til drevtyggeren pr. dag. Det foretrækkes især, at mængden af letfordejelige carbonhydrater svarer til den mængde, der indeholdes som en rest i den proteinholdige bestanddel af de ovenfor anferte kornsorter eller andre afgreder. De letfordejelige carbonhy-20 drater omfatter sukkerarter sâsom glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose eller lactose, og stivelse, især kornstivelse sâsom bygstivelse, rugstivelse, majsstivelse, havrestivelse, risstivelse eller hvedesti-velse, eller kartoffelstivelse, eller en blanding deraf.It has been found that the liquid feed should not contain excessive amounts of easily digestible carbohydrates, cf. the explanation given below. Therefore, a suitable amount of readily digestible carbohydrates may be in the range of 5 to 40, in particular about 20% by weight of the dry matter content of the liquid feed, depending on the amount of liquid feed given to the chewing gum per day. day. In particular, it is preferred that the amount of readily digestible carbohydrates be equal to the amount contained as a residue in the proteinaceous component of the cereals or other crops listed above. The readily digestible carbohydrates include sugars such as glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose or lactose, and starch, especially cereal starch such as barley starch, rye starch, corn starch, oat starch, rice starch or wheat starch, or potato starch, or a mixture thereof.

Som nævnt ovenfor er ét af de særlig intéressante træk ved den fore-25 liggende opfindelse, at mængden og sammensætningen af fedtstoffer i det flydende foder kan varieres inden for brede grænser, idet ind-holdet af fedtstoffer i det flydende foder i det mindste i nogen grad bestemmes af det onskede indhold af fedtstoffer i slutproduktet. De fedtstoffer, der inkorporeres i det flydende foder, kan omfatte bàde 30 mættede og umættede fedtsyrer, mono-, di- eller triglycerider af fedtsyrer, fedtestere eller salte af fedtsyrer, og det har overra-skende vist sig, at ved fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen er det blevet muligt at opnâ det onskede indhold af umættede fedtstoffer i mælken ved simpelt hen at inkorporere det onskede indhold af umættede 35 fedtstoffer i det flydende foder. Dette har hidtil ikke været muligt, da storstedelen af de umættede bindinger, som kunne være til stede i de fedtstoffer, som inkorporeres i foderet, ville blive hydrogeneret og derfor mættet i vommen. Ved fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen kanAs mentioned above, one of the particularly interesting features of the present invention is that the amount and composition of fats in the liquid feed can be varied within wide limits, with the content of fats in the liquid feed at least in some degree is determined by the desired fat content in the final product. The fats incorporated in the liquid feed may comprise both 30 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, mono-, di- or triglycerides of fatty acids, fatty esters or salts of fatty acids, and it has surprisingly been found that in the process of the invention, it has become possible to obtain the desired content of unsaturated fats in the milk by simply incorporating the desired content of unsaturated fats into the liquid feed. This has not hitherto been possible since the majority of the unsaturated bonds which could be present in the fats incorporated in the feed would be hydrogenated and therefore saturated in the rumen. In the method according to the invention,

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9 umættede eller polyumættede fedtsyrer eller derivater deraf sâledes inkorporeres i det flydende foder, hvis der anskes en haj grad af umættethed i slutproduktet. Mono-, di- eller triglycerider af umættede fedtsyrer, som med fordel kan anvendes til dette formai, kan 5 vælges blandt majsolie, jordnaddeolie, solsikkeolie, sojabanneolie, sennepsfraolie, rapsolie, druekerneolie, olivenolie eller fiskeolie.9 unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids or derivatives thereof are thus incorporated into the liquid feed if a shark degree of unsaturation is desired in the final product. Mono-, di- or triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids which can be advantageously used for this purpose can be selected from maize oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, mustard oil, canola oil, grape seed oil, olive oil or fish oil.

Det er intéressant at bemærke, at selv nâr der anvendes en temmelig skarp olie sàsom fiskeolie, har de resulterende mælkeprodukter ikke vist sig at hâve nogen ubehagelig eftersmag. I overensstemmelse med 10 dette princip kan de umættede fedtsyrer udgare 10-100%, fortrinsvis 20-80%, især 30-60% sàsom ca. 40%, af den samlede mængde fedtstoffer i det flydende foder til mælkegivende dyr. For at forage deres for-dajelighed bar fedtstofferne fortrinsvis være i emulgeret form.It is interesting to note that even when a fairly sharp oil such as fish oil is used, the resulting milk products have not proved to have any unpleasant aftertaste. In accordance with this principle, the unsaturated fatty acids may be 10-100%, preferably 20-80%, especially 30-60% such as approx. 40%, of the total amount of fats in the liquid feed for lactating animals. In order to enhance their predictability, the fats should preferably be in emulsified form.

I stedet for at tilfare hver af foderbestanddelene i i det væsentlige 15 ren form er det naturligvis mere fordelagtigt i praksis at tilveje-bringe proteinerne, de letfordajelige carbonhydrater og fedtstofferne samtidig, dvs. i det samme foder, idet man vælger ét, som inde-holder den mest gunstige balance mellem de anskede foderbestanddele, hvilket er tilfældet, nâr det flydende foder indeholder formalede, 20 ekstruderede eller valsede og eventuelt pressede eller delvis presse-de oliefra (fx sojabonner, solsikkefra, harfra, bomuldsfra, jordnad-der, palmekerner og rapsfra) i form af en opslæmning deraf i en væske. En yderligere mængde af en hvilken som helst eller to af foderbestanddelene kan eventuelt tilsættes, indtil man har opnâet den 25 anskede balance mellem proteiner, letfordajelige carbonhydrater og fedtstoffer.Of course, instead of adding each of the feed ingredients in substantially pure form, it is more advantageous in practice to provide the proteins, readily digestible carbohydrates and fats simultaneously, i.e. in the same feed, choosing one that holds the most favorable balance between the desired feed ingredients, which is the case when the liquid feed contains milled, extruded or rolled and optionally pressed or partially pressed oil offs (e.g. soybeans). , sunflower, harp, cotton, earth, palm kernels and rapeseed) in the form of a slurry thereof in a liquid. An additional amount of any one or two of the feed ingredients may optionally be added until the desired balance of proteins, readily digestible carbohydrates and fats is reached.

I overensstemmelse med opfindelsen har det faktisk vist sig at være muligt at tilfare det flydende foder i en form, hvor det har et stort tarstofindhold sàsom 15-40, især 20-30, vægtprocent tarstof, sâledes 30 at der dannes en tyk opslæmning eller tynd vælling, medens bolle-rendens lukkerefleks stadig opretholdes, og det er end ikke nadven-digt at tilvejebringe bestanddelene i en særlig findelt form. Dette er overraskende, da det eneste flydende foder, som normalt ville fremkalde lukning af bollerenden hos unge dravtyggere, er mælk eller 35 mælkeerstatninger, sâledes at kun flydende foder med smagen og sam-mensætningen af mælk kunne forventes at stimulere denne lukning.In fact, in accordance with the invention, it has been found to be possible to feed the liquid feed into a form where it has a high content of tar, such as 15-40, especially 20-30, weight percent tar, such that a thick slurry or thin slurry is formed. swelling while still maintaining the bunker gutter shutter reflex, and it is not even necessary to provide the components in a particularly finely divided form. This is surprising as the only liquid feed that would normally induce closure of the bunker end in young chewing gum is milk or 35 milk substitutes, so that only liquid feed with the taste and composition of milk could be expected to stimulate this closure.

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Som anfart ovenfor er én eller flere af bestanddelene i det flydende foder delvis eller fuldstændig hydrolyseret for at reducere begræns-ningerne i foderudnyttelsen, som skyldes for lille eller Ingen en-zymatisk aktivitet i labemaven og tarmen til hydrolyse af nogle af 5 bestanddelene i det flydende foder med den hastighed, der er nadven-dig for en optimal foderudnyttelse. Især har det vist sig at være nadvendigt bâde at reducere mængden af carbonhydrater og i det væ-sentlige tilvejebringe dem kun som monosaccharider eller lactose, da de enzymer, som kræves for at nedbryde carbonhydrater, ikke findes i 10 dravtyggeres labemave og tarm. De eneste undtagelser fra denne ge- nerelle regel (dvs. at kun monosaccharider kan udnyttes i dravtygger-nes labemave og tarm) synes at være lactose og formodentlig mindre mængder stivelse, især i gelatiniseret form. Hvis hajere carbonhydrater (sàsom oligo- eller polysaccharider) er til stede i det flydende 15 foder (bortset fra lactose og mindre mængder stivelse som anfart ovenfor), bar de derfor hydrolyseres til monosaccharider og/eller flygtig carboxylsyre sâsom eddike- eller propionsyre eller mælkesyre far tilfarslen af foderet. Det har vist sig, at kvæg kan tâle ca.As stated above, one or more of the ingredients in the liquid feed are partially or completely hydrolyzed to reduce the limitations in feed utilization due to too little or no enzymatic activity in the lab stomach and intestine to hydrolyze some of the 5 ingredients in the liquid. feed at the speed required for optimal feed utilization. In particular, it has been found to be both necessary to reduce the amount of carbohydrates and essentially provide them only as monosaccharides or lactose, since the enzymes required to break down carbohydrates are not found in the gastrointestinal and intestinal tracts of gums. The only exceptions to this general rule (i.e., that only monosaccharides can be utilized in the gut's stomach and intestines) appear to be lactose and presumably smaller amounts of starch, especially in gelatinized form. Therefore, if higher carbohydrates (such as oligo or polysaccharides) are present in the liquid feed (other than lactose and less starch as indicated above), they should be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and / or volatile carboxylic acids such as acetic or propionic or lactic acid. the case of the feed. It has been found that cattle can withstand approx.

1 kg/dag monosaccharider.1 kg / day monosaccharides.

20 Hydrolyse er ogsâ en vigtig faktor ved reduktionen af de négative virkninger, som kan forârsages af indfarslen af visse proteiner di-rekte i labemaven og tarmen, da antigen-bestanddele af proteineme har vist sig at medfare gastrointestinale hypersensitive reaktioner hos dravtyggerne, hvilket bl.a. forer til en forkortelse og udvidelse 25 af villi pâ tarmslimhinden, hvilket igen giver anledning til hæmmet fordajelse og i ekstreme tilfælde til daden. For at kompensere for, at fordajelsesprocesserne i dravtyggernes fordajelseskanal ikke let nedbryder antigen-bestanddele af protein, kan den proteinholdige foderbestanddel hydrolyseres, hvorved proteineme nedbrydes til 30 polypeptider og i nogen grad til mindre peptider og aminosyrer, og éventuelle antigen-bestanddele i ait væsentligt inaktiveres.Hydrolysis is also an important factor in the reduction of the negative effects that can be caused by the entry of certain proteins directly into the lab stomach and intestine, as antigenic constituents of the proteins have been shown to cause gastrointestinal hypersensitive reactions in the ruminants. a. leads to a shortening and enlargement of villi on the intestinal mucosa, which in turn gives rise to inhibited digestion and in extreme cases to death. To compensate for the digestive processes in the digestive tract of the chewing gums not readily degrading protein antigen components, the proteinaceous feed component can be hydrolyzed, thereby degrading the proteins into 30 polypeptides and to some minor peptides and amino acids, and substantially antigenic components substantially .

Hydrolysen kan udfares ved hjælp af visse enzymer sâsom proteaser og forskellige carbonhydrat-nedbrydende enzymer. Eksempler pâ egnede enzymer er alcalase og reminase.The hydrolysis can be carried out by certain enzymes such as proteases and various carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Examples of suitable enzymes are alkalase and reminase.

35 En anden mâde til at lase problemet med betydelige mængder carbonhydrater, som eventuelt er til stede i det flydende foder, samt de ovenfor nævnte antigen-bestanddele af foderproteinerne er at inkor-Another way to alleviate the problem of significant amounts of carbohydrates possibly present in the liquid feed, as well as the antigenic constituents of the feed proteins mentioned above, is to incorporate

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porere syreproducerende bakterier i det flydende foder, da disse er i stand til at omdanne carbonhydrater til carboxylsyrer sâsom eddike-syre, propionsyre eller mælkesyre og samtidig tilvejebringer de enzy-mer, som er n0dvendige til at inaktivere de ovennævnte antigeribe-5 standdele. De syreproducerende bakterier kan være en hvilken som helst af de bakteriearter, der sædvanligvis findes i vommen, eller en kombination deraf til tilvejebringelse af de enzymer, der er nodven-dige til at bevirke hydrolysen og/eller inaktiveringen, eller de kan være mælkesyrebakterier. Endvidere har syreproducerende bakterier 10 vist sig at være gunstige for fordojelsen, idet forekomsten af bak-terieinfektioner i tarmen er reduceret, hvilket i det mindste delvis kan tilskrives dannelsen af syre. For at opnâ denne virkning ber bakterierne være til stede i tilstrækkelige mængder og ber fà lov til at virke i et tilstrækkeligt tidsrum til at give en pH-værdi i det 15 flydende foder pâ mindre end 6, fortrinsvis mindre end 5, især mindre end 4,5 (denne pH-værdi kan naturligvis ogsâ opnâs ved at tilsætte en hensigtsmæssig syre). I forbindelse med nogle mælkesyrebakterier kan den gunstige virkning af deres tilstedeværelse ogsâ i nogen grad tilskrives deres produktion af visse antibiotikalignende stoffer. De 20 syreproducerende bakterier fungerer, nâr de er til stede, ogsâ som antibakterielle konserveringsmidler i det flydende foder. De syreproducerende bakterier kan sættes til det flydende foder i form af flydende, frosne eller terrede koncentrater i en mængde svarende til en mængde pâ 1 x 10^-1 x 10^/ml i det flydende foder (efter forme-25 ring). Nâr der er syreproducerende bakterier til stede i det flydende foder, er det vigtigt, at det flydende foder lagres og tilferes pâ en sâdan mâde, at det holdes under anaerobe betingelser.pore acid producing bacteria in the liquid feed as they are capable of converting carbohydrates to carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid or lactic acid and at the same time provide the enzymes necessary to inactivate the aforementioned antigenic components. The acid-producing bacteria may be any of the bacterial species usually found in the rumen, or a combination thereof to provide the enzymes necessary to effect the hydrolysis and / or inactivation, or they may be lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, acid-producing bacteria 10 have been found to be beneficial for digestion, with the incidence of bacterial infections in the gut being reduced, which can be attributed, at least in part, to the formation of acid. In order to achieve this effect, the bacteria must be present in sufficient quantities and be allowed to operate for a sufficient period of time to give a pH value in the 15 liquid feed of less than 6, preferably less than 5, especially less than 4. , 5 (this pH value can of course also be obtained by adding an appropriate acid). In the case of some lactic acid bacteria, the beneficial effect of their presence may also be to some extent attributed to their production of certain antibiotic-like substances. The 20 acid-producing bacteria, when present, also act as antibacterial preservatives in the liquid feed. The acid-producing bacteria can be added to the liquid feed in the form of liquid, frozen or dried concentrates in an amount corresponding to an amount of 1 x 10 ^ -1 x 10 ^ / ml in the liquid feed (after forming). When acid-producing bacteria are present in the liquid feed, it is important that the liquid feed is stored and fed in such a way that it is kept under anaerobic conditions.

Alt efter behov kan det flydende foder desuden være suppleret med aminosyrer sâsom lysin eller methionin, vitaminer, især E-vitamin, 30 makromineraler sâsom P, K, Na, Ca, Mg eller S, sporelementer sâsom Co, Cu, Se, Zn, Va, I, F, Mn, etc., vækstfremmende midler sâsom antibiotika, kuprisulfat eller carboxylsyrer sâsom citron-, æble-, propion- eller fumarsyre eller hormoner sâsom ostrogener eller ste-roider.In addition, as required, the liquid feed can be supplemented with amino acids such as lysine or methionine, vitamins, especially vitamin E, macrominerals such as P, K, Na, Ca, Mg or S, trace elements such as Co, Cu, Se, Zn, Va. , I, F, Mn, etc., growth promoters such as antibiotics, cyper sulfate or carboxylic acids such as citric, apple, propionic or fumaric acid or hormones such as estrogens or steroids.

35 Ved konventionel fodring fungerer vommen som en stodpude mellem det indtagne foder og tilferslen af næringsstoffer til tarmen, sâledes at denne er relativt ensartet i lebet af det meste af dognet. Ved split-35 In conventional feeding, the rumen acts as a cushion between the ingested feed and the supply of nutrients to the intestine, so that it is relatively uniform throughout most of the dog. For split-

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12 vommen, hvilket giver anledning til en mulighed for periodiske be-lastninger af den fordaj ende og absorberende evne af tarmene hos især meget produktive dyr. Ifolge opfindelsen kan denne belastning delvis imedegâs ved at tildele det flydende foder i flere mindre portioner 5 som beskrevet nedenfor. Den potentielt ufordelagtige virkning kan ogsâ imedegâs ved at give mslk eller mælkeerstatninger i det flydende foder, da ensartet tilfersel af næringsstoffer til tarmen, nâr fx kalve indtager mslk eller mælkeerstatninger, som gâr udenom vommen, sikres ved hjælp af det fænomen, at mælkeproteineme koagulerer i 10 lebemaven ved de tilstedeværende enzymers og syrers indvirkning.12, which gives rise to periodic stresses on the digestive end and absorbent capacity of the intestines of especially highly productive animals. According to the invention, this load can be partially mitigated by allocating the liquid feed into several smaller portions 5 as described below. The potentially disadvantageous effect can also be counteracted by providing milk or milk replacements in the liquid feed, since uniform delivery of nutrients to the intestine when, for example, calves consume milk or milk replacements, through the phenomenon of cow milk 10 the stomach by the action of the enzymes and acids present.

Koagelet nedbrydes derefter langsomt med en ensartet frigivelse af næringsstoffer.The clot is then slowly decomposed with a uniform release of nutrients.

I tilfælde af voksne drovtyggere er mælkeproteiner imidlertid sædvan-ligvis for dyre til at inkorporere i det flydende foder. I overens-15 stemmelse med opfindelsen har det derfor ofte vist sig at være nyt-tigt at supplere det flydende foder med ét eller flere midler, der regulerer det flydende foders rheologiske egenskaber og dermed ind-holdet af lebemaven, sâledes at der opnâs en hejere viskositet deraf, og sâledes at der opnâs en endnu mere ensartet tilfersel af nærings-20 stoffer til tarmen end det, der kan opnâs ved blot at tildele det flydende foder i mindre portioner.However, in the case of adult ruminants, milk proteins are usually too expensive to incorporate into the liquid feed. Accordingly, in accordance with the invention, it has often been found to be useful to supplement the liquid feed with one or more agents which regulate the rheological properties of the liquid feed and thus the contents of the lip stomach so as to obtain a higher viscosity thereof, and thus obtaining an even more uniform supply of nutrients to the intestine than can be obtained by simply dividing the liquid feed into smaller portions.

Midler, som kan være nyttige til dette formâl, er fortykningsmidler, fx pektinholdige stoffer sâsom kartoffel-, roe-, æble- eller citrus-pulp; hydrotermisk behandlet (kogt) korn eller fro sâsom byg, majs, 25 havre eller hvede, eller horfro og visse mineraler med udtalte hydro-kolloide egenskaber (absorptionsevne) sâsom lerarter, kaolin, bento-nit, diatoméjord, kolloidt siliciumdioxid eller silikater.Agents which may be useful for this purpose are thickeners, for example, pectin-containing substances such as potato, beet, apple or citrus pulp; hydrothermally treated (cooked) cereals or seeds such as barley, maize, oats or wheat, or horfro and certain minerals with pronounced hydrocolloidal properties (absorbency) such as clays, kaolin, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, colloidal silica or silicates.

En yderligere fordelagtig virkning af i det mindste nogle af disse stoffer er, at de kan forhindre diarré, og at de kan modvirke en 30 tendens hos det flydende foder til at blive udfældet i lobemaven.A further advantageous effect of at least some of these substances is that they can prevent diarrhea and that they can counteract a tendency of the liquid feed to become precipitated in the lobe stomach.

Som anfort ovenfor gâr en del af det protein, som passerer til vommen, tabt ved de traditionelle fodringsprocedurer, idet en del deraf omdannes til urinstof og nukleinsyrer. Da proteinet i overensstem-melse med den foreliggende opfindelse tilvejebringes i det flydende 35 foder, som passerer direkte til lebemaven, hvor det bedre kan ud-nyttes, foretrækkes det, at det faste foder har et nitrogenindholdAs noted above, part of the protein that passes into the rumen is lost by the traditional feeding procedures, part of which is converted into urea and nucleic acids. Since the protein in accordance with the present invention is provided in the liquid feed which passes directly to the lip stomach where it can be better utilized, it is preferred that the solid feed has a nitrogen content.

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13 som frie aminosyrer, peptider eller proteiner, sora i det væsentlige ikke overstiger 1,5% af tarstofindholdet og fortrinsvis ikke over-stiger ca. 1% af tarstofindholdet i foderet for at undgâ unadvendigt spild. For at undgâ en reduktion i fordajeligheden af celluloseholdi-5 ge materialer i vommen pâ grund af tilstedeværelsen af fedtstoffer deri foretrækkes det ligeledes, at det faste foder har et indhold af fedtstoffer, som i det væsentlige ikke overstiger 5% af tarstofind-holdet og fortrinsvis ikke overstiger ca. 2,5-3% af tarstofindholdet i foderet. Denne reduktion af mængden af fedtstoffer, som inkorpo-10 reres i det faste foder, gares mulig af, at fedtstoffer er tilveje-bragt i rigelig mængde i det flydende foder, hvor deres udnyttelse er langt mere effektiv, end nâr de er til stede i det faste foder.13 as free amino acids, peptides or proteins, does not substantially exceed 1.5% of the tariff content and preferably does not exceed about 5%. 1% of the feed content of the feed to avoid unnecessary waste. In order to avoid a reduction in the viability of cellulose-containing materials in the rumen due to the presence of fats therein, it is also preferred that the solid feed has a content of fats which does not substantially exceed 5% of the tariff content and preferably does not exceed approx. 2.5-3% of the feed content of the feed. This reduction in the amount of fats incorporated in the solid feed is made possible by the fact that fats are provided in copious amounts in the liquid feed, where their utilization is far more efficient than when present in the feed. the solid feed.

I overensstemmelse med opfindelsen har det vist sig at være fordel-agtigt at tilvejebringe en foderkombination, som indeholder 15 a) et flydende foder omfattende det letfordejelige carbonhydrat eller de proteinholdige bestanddele af foderafgrader, og b) et fast foder, som omfatter celluloseholdige eller fibrose bestanddele af foderafgrader.In accordance with the invention, it has been found advantageous to provide a feed combination containing a) a liquid feed comprising the readily digestible carbohydrate or proteinaceous components of feed grade, and b) a solid feed comprising cellulosic or fibrosis components. of feed crops.

Den foderafgrade, der anvendes som udgangsmateriale, kan vælges 20 blandt græs, lucerne, klaver, lupin, ærter, vandhyacint, andemad, t sasalat, planter af slægten Mimosae, turniptoppe, ensilage, turnips, roer og guleradder. De to typer foder kan fordelagtigt fâs ved at presse friske granne foderafgrader eller andre friske foderafgrader sâsom radder eller rodknolde og skille den resulterende saft omfat-25 tende letfordajelige proteiner, carbonhydrater og vitaminer sâsom A-og E-vitamin (som skal anvendes som den flydende foderbestanddel) fra pressekagen, der indeholder det i hovedsagen celluloseholdige celle-vægmateriale (som skal anvendes som den faste foderbestanddel).The feed grade used as a starting material can be selected from grass, alfalfa, piano, lupine, peas, water hyacinth, duckweed, t lettuce, plants of the genus Mimosae, turnip tops, silage, turnips, beets and carrots. The two types of feed may advantageously be obtained by pressing fresh, thin feed crops or other fresh feed crops such as rye or tubers and separating the resulting juice comprising easily digestible proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins such as vitamin A and E (to be used as the liquid feed component) from the press cake containing the substantially cellulosic cell wall material (to be used as the solid feed component).

Den friske granne foderafgrade, som skal anvendes som udgangsmateria-30 le, kan farst disintegreres, fx ved findeling, for at sprænge celle-væggene og gare pressekagematerialet mere letfordajeligt i vommen.The fresh, lean feed grade to be used as starting material can be disintegrated, for example by comminution, to disrupt the cell walls and make the cake material more easily digestible in the rumen.

Ved presning kan 30% af tarstofindholdet i ràmaterialet fâs i saften, der indeholder ca. 43% af det râ protein og det meste af de letfordajelige carbonhydrater af ràmaterialet. Ca. 3% af tarstofindholdet i 35 saften er fedtstoffer. Alt i ait kan i det mindste ca. 30% af ener- 14By pressing, 30% of the tar content in the raw material can be found in the juice containing approx. 43% of the raw protein and most of the easily digestible carbohydrates of the raw material. Ca. 3% of the tar content in the juice is fat. All in all, at least approx. 30% of energy 14

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Falgende eksempel kan anvendes til at belyse fordelene ved at be-handle foderafgrader pâ denne mâde og give dem til dravtyggere i overensstemmelse med fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen: 1 ton frisk lucerne indeholder 200 kg tarstof svarende til 132 foder-5 enheder. Ved traditionel kadproduktion kræves der 5,5 foderenheder til at producere 1 kg kad, dvs. 1 ton frisk lucerne svarer til det energiforbrug, der kræves for at producere 24 kg kad.The following example can be used to illustrate the advantages of treating feed crops in this manner and to give them to chewing gum in accordance with the method of the invention: 1 ton of fresh alfalfa contains 200 kg of tariff equivalent to 132 feed-5 units. In traditional cad production, 5.5 feed units are required to produce 1 kg cad, ie. 1 tonne of fresh alfalfa corresponds to the energy consumption required to produce 24 kg of cad.

Ved fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen kan udnyttelsen af det flydende foder forbedres, idet der kun kræves 2,5 foderenheder flydende foder 10 til at fremstille 1 kg kad. Foderomdannelsen af det faste foder er stadig 5,5 foderenheder/kg kad.In the method according to the invention, the utilization of the liquid feed can be improved, since only 2.5 feed units of liquid feed 10 are required to produce 1 kg of cad. The feed conversion of the solid feed is still 5.5 feed units / kg cad.

Dette kan vises soin falger:This can be shown soin fakes:

Traditionel fodring: 132 foderenheder -*· 24 kg kadTraditional feeding: 132 feeding units - * · 24 kg carcass

Splitfeeding: 40 foderenheder flydende foder ·+ 16 kg kad 15 92 foderenheder fast foder -+ 17 kg kad = i ait 33 kg kad.Splitfeeding: 40 feed units liquid feed · + 16 kg cad 15 92 feed units solid feed - + 17 kg cad = a total of 33 kg cad.

Af ovenstâende fremgâr det, at foderomdannelsen kan forbedres med 37% i forhold til traditionel fodring, nâr granne foderafgrader opdeles i en flydende og en fast del, som gives i overensstemmelse med frem-20 gangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen.From the foregoing, it is apparent that feed conversion can be improved by 37% over traditional feeding when granular feed grades are divided into a liquid and a solid portion which is given in accordance with the method of the invention.

Det centrale princip ved fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen er baseret pâ den erkendelse, at det er muligt at stimulere dravtyggere med en fuldt udviklet vomfunktion pâ en sâdan mâde, at bollerendens lukke-refleks aktiveres under indtagelsen af det flydende foder. Fremgangs-25 mâden ifalge opfindelsen udnytter det samme princip til fodring af dravtyggere med en fuldt udviklet vomfunktion, som er instinktiv hos unge, ikke-udviklede dravtyggere i den période, hvor de normalt ud-vikler deres vomfunktion, dvs. i overgangsperioden, hvor de bliver vant til at indtage fast foder, og i labet af hvilken période de 30 stadig har adgang til mælk eller mælkeerstatninger, som indtages med en refleksmæssig lukning af bollerenden. Ved traditionel fodring gares denne période normalt sâ kort som mulig (ca. 2 mâneder) for at minimere forbruget af den relativt dyre mælk eller mælkeerstatning,The central principle of the method according to the invention is based on the recognition that it is possible to stimulate chewing gum with a fully developed rumen function in such a way that the closing end of the boll end is activated during the ingestion of the liquid feed. The method of the present invention utilizes the same principle for feeding gum with a fully developed rumen function which is instinctive in young, undeveloped gum in the period in which they usually develop their gum function, ie. during the transitional period in which they become accustomed to consuming solid feed, and during the lapse of which period the 30 still have access to milk or milk replacements consumed with a reflexive closure of the bun end. In traditional feeding, this period is usually kept as short as possible (about 2 months) to minimize consumption of the relatively expensive milk or milk substitute,

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15 og ved den traditionelle fodring af voksne dyr aktiveres bollerende-refleksen ikke, selv om dyrene fâr disse produkter.15 and in the traditional feeding of adult animals, the bolligerent reflex is not activated even if the animals receive these products.

Ved fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen er det blevet muligt at opret-holde eller genetablere en drevtyggers evne til at lukke bollerenden 5 ud over fravænningsperioden ved regelmæssigt at give en flydende fo-derkomposition eller ved at genoptræne drovtyggeren til at aktivere bollerendens lukkerefleks. I hvert tilfælde kræver fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen, at det flydende foder gives via en dispensera-nordning, hvis tilstedeværelse og funktion stimulerer dr0vtyggeren 10 sâledes, at bollerendens lukkerefleks aktiveres. Individuel variation i reaktioneme hos hvert dyr ma imidlertid tages i betragtning, idet nogle drovtyggere meget hurtigt kan optrænes til at lukke bollerenden, nâr de fâr flydende foder via dispenseranordningen ifolge opfindelsen, selv om de ikke er blevet stimuleret til at aktivere denne 15 refleks i et længere tidsrum, hvorimod andre drovtyggere skal trænes til at indtage flydende foder via drikkeanordningen pâ et tidligt trin, hvor lukningen af bollerenden finder sted instinktivt soin en normal funktion i den daglige foderindtagelse, dvs. under fravænningsperioden.In the process of the invention, it has become possible to maintain or restore the ability of a chewing gum to close the bunker end 5 beyond the weaning period by regularly providing a liquid feed composition or by retraining the ruminant to activate the bunker end shutter. In each case, the method of the invention requires the liquid feed to be delivered via a dispensing device whose presence and function stimulate the ruminant 10 so that the bulb end shutter reflex is activated. However, individual variation in the reactions of each animal must be taken into account, as some ruminants may very quickly appear to close the bunker end when they receive liquid feed through the dispenser of the invention, although they have not been stimulated to activate this reflex in a prolonged periods of time, whereas other ruminants need to be trained to ingest liquid food via the drinking device at an early stage where the closure of the bun end takes place instinctively so that a normal function in daily feed intake, ie. during the weaning period.

20 Soin nævnt ovenfor er dispenseranordningen til det flydende foder anbragt ved fodringsstedet i en sâdan stilling, at hovedet pâ den drovtygger, som drikker af dispenseranordningen, i det væsentlige indtager samme diestilling som et ikke-fravænnet dyr af samme dyre-art. Dette kan fx opnâs ved at anbringe dispenseranordningen eller i 25 det mindste àbningen deraf i et sâdant niveau over dyret, at det tvinges til at strække hovedet og halsen opad for at nâ àbningen. Fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen udnytter sâledes, at drovtyggere ligesom aile andre pattedyr har et dieinstinkt. Desuden udnyttes den funktion, som er specifik for drovtyggere (en betinget refleks), 30 hvorved dyret sædvanligvis dier og lukker bollerenden samtidig. Selv om det ikke er absolut nodvendigt, at drovtyggeren dier for at lukke bollerenden, hvilket for kvægs vedkommende illustreres af, at mange kalve i intensiv kvægproduktion ojeblikkelig lærer at drikke mælk eller mælkeerstatninger af en spand, dvs. uden at die, og sâdanne kalve 35 stadig lukker bollerenden, vil sâdanne dyr sædvanligvis "glemme", hvordan de skal lukke bollerenden efter fuld fravænning, dvs. nâr de fâr betydelige mængder fast foder. Dette betyder, at nâr sâdanne dyr20 As mentioned above, the liquid feed dispenser device is positioned at the feeding site in such a position that the head of the ruminant drinking from the dispenser device occupies essentially the same diet as a non-weaned animal of the same animal species. This can be achieved, for example, by placing the dispenser or at least the opening thereof at such a level above the animal that it is forced to extend the head and neck upward to reach the opening. The method according to the invention thus exploits that ruminants, like all other mammals, have a dietary instinct. In addition, the function specific to ruminants (a conditional reflex) is utilized, whereby the animal usually dies and closes the bun end simultaneously. Although it is not absolutely necessary that the ruminant dies to close the bunker end, which for cattle is illustrated by the fact that many calves in intensive cattle production immediately learn to drink milk or milk replacements of a bucket, ie. without dying, and such calves 35 still closing the bun end, such animals will usually "forget" how to close the bun end after full weaning, ie. when they receive substantial amounts of solid feed. This means that when such animals

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le ifelge opfindelsens princip, kan der i begyndelsen opstâ vanskelighe-der, fordi de i stor udstrækning har undertrykt den iboende inter- aktion mellem dien og lukning af bollerenden.According to the principle of the invention, difficulties may initially arise because they have largely suppressed the inherent interaction between the diene and the closing of the bunker end.

Det har vist sig, at den letteste mâde at optræne fx kvæg til split-5 feeding-metoden ifalge opfindelsen er at lære meget unge kalve at drikke mælk eller mælkeerstatninger af en dispenseranordning ifalge opfindelsen og opretholde denne evne ved regelmæssigt at tilfare flydende foder via dispenseranordningen, sâledes at dyrene ikke "glemmer" eller undertrykker deres evne til at aktivere bollerendens 10 lukkerefleks. Det har imidlertid overraskende vist sig, at de fieste voksne kaer, som ikke har fâet flydende foder i form af mælk eller mælkeerstatninger eller i nogen anden form siden deres fravænning, relativt let kan optrænes til at genaktivere bollerendens lukkere-fleks ved at die ved dispenseranordningen ifalge opfindelsen. For at 15 vække interesse for dispenseranordningen er det en fordel, hvis dyrene er sultne, nâr optræningen pâbegyndes, og det kan endvidere være en fordel at pâfare et velsmagende stof pâ den del af dispenseranordningen, hvor dyrene antages at ville die, fx mêlasse, og lokke dyret til at slikke det af. Dyret vil derefter gradvis lære at 20 die ved dispenseranordningen, og dette tilfredsstiller faktisk et instinktivt behov, sâledes at oplevelsen af at die fales behagelig for dyret, hvorved det bringes til at fortsætte, sâ meget desto mere som de modtager en belanning i form af et flydende foder fra dispenseranordningen. Det har ogsâ vist sig, at kaer er i stand til at 25 lære af hinanden, sâledes at en ko, som allerede er blevet optrænet til at indtage foder ved en dispenseranordning og synes at finde det behageligt, kan "inspirere" andre tilstedeværende kaer til at forsage at die ved anordningen.It has been found that the easiest way to train, for example, cattle for the split-5 feeding method according to the invention is to teach very young calves to drink milk or milk replacements of a dispensing device according to the invention and maintain this ability by feeding liquid feed through the dispensing device regularly. , so that the animals do not "forget" or suppress their ability to activate the bouncing end of the shutter end 10. However, it has surprisingly been found that most adult cows that have not received liquid feed in the form of milk or milk replacements or in any other form since their weaning can be relatively easily trained to reactivate the shutter end shutter flexion by dying by the dispenser. according to the invention. In order to arouse interest in the dispensing device, it is advantageous if the animals are hungry when training is commenced, and it may also be advantageous to apply a tasty substance to the part of the dispensing device where the animals are believed to die, e.g. lure the animal to lick it off. The animal will then gradually learn to die by the dispensing device, and this actually satisfies an instinctive need, so that the experience of the die failing pleasantly for the animal, thereby causing it to continue, the more they receive a reward in the form of a liquid feed from the dispenser. It has also been found that cows are able to learn from each other, so that a cow that has already been trained to feed by a dispensing device and seems comfortable can "inspire" other cows present to to die by the device.

Àbninger til at frigive flydende foder fra dispenseranordningen kan 30 hâve en hvilken som helst egnet form, dvs. en hvilken som helst form, som fâr et dyr, som indtager foder ved anordningen, til at lukke bollerenden. Àbningen kan sâledes hâve form af en tud, en dyse, en tap, en taphane eller et stykke gummirar eller metalrar, som eventu-elt er forsynet med en hensigtsmæssig ventil for at regulere strammen 35 af flydende foder. Det foretrækkes imidlertid, at àbningen har en sutlignende form, dvs. at den bl.a. er forsynet med en relativt snæver âbning ved den ende, hvor dyret modtager det flydende foder, hvilket vil blive nærmere forklaret nedenfor. Det foretrækkes, atSlots for releasing liquid feed from the dispenser may be of any suitable shape, viz. any form which causes an animal ingesting feed at the device to close the bunker end. The opening may thus take the form of a spout, a nozzle, a tap, a tap or a piece of rubber or metal tubing, which may be provided with an appropriate valve for regulating the flow of liquid feed. However, it is preferred that the aperture be of a teat-like shape, viz. that it is provided with a relatively narrow opening at the end where the animal receives the liquid feed, which will be explained in more detail below. It is preferred that

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17 sutten er fremstillet af et plastisk eller elastisk materiale'sâsom gummi.The 17 pacifier is made of a plastic or elastic material such as rubber.

Selv om suttens tilstedeværelse, form, konsistens, lugt eller farve, nâr dien med lukning af bollerenden er blevet forbundet med en be-5 stemt sut, sædvanligvis er tilstrækkelig til at aktivere refleksen, kan den forstærkes yderligere ved at tilvejebringe yderligere stimuli af akustisk, sanselig, visuel, elektrisk, mekanisk, kemisk eller termisk art, soin enten anvendes separat eller soin en kombination af ét eller flere af disse stimuli. Disse stimuli kan tilvejebringes ved 10 dispenseranordningen i form af en anordning, soin frembringer signaler, der tilvejebringer disse stimuli for fx at fâ dyrene til at forbinde signalet med den spænding, der opleves, nâr de dier med lukket bollerende, og derfor pâbegynde indtagelsen af foder.Although the presence, shape, texture, odor or color of the pacifier, when the dummy closure has been associated with a particular pacifier, is usually sufficient to activate the reflex, it can be further enhanced by providing additional acoustic stimuli. sensory, visual, electrical, mechanical, chemical or thermal, soin either used separately or soin a combination of one or more of these stimuli. These stimuli can be provided by the dispenser device in the form of a device, which produces signals which provide these stimuli to, for example, cause the animals to connect the signal with the voltage experienced when they are closed-bollied and therefore commence the feeding of the feed. .

Soin nævnt ovenfor har det vist sig at være muligt at genetablere 15 aktivering af bollerendens lukkerefleks hos drovtyggere, hvor denne aktivering ikke er forekommet siden en meget ung aider. Fremgangs-mâden ifolge opfindelsen kan sâledes med fordel udnyttes i forbindel-se med drovtyggere, sont pâ et tidligere trin i deres udvikling er blevet fuldstændig fravænnet. Fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen kan 20 indfores, nâr drovtyggeren har en aider pâ fra fuld fravænning til ca. 12 mâneder, og kan fordelagtigt anvendes til fodring af stude op til en slagtningsvægt pâ ca. 230 kg, som de nâr hurtigere end kon-ventionelt fodrede dyr. Endvidere er det muligt at indfore fodrings-metoden ifolge opfindelsen, nâr drovtyggeren har en aider pâ mellem 25 fuld fravænning og kælvning, fx nâr drovtyggeren er en kvie, som sandsynligvis ikke i særlig grad vil drage nytte af den koncentrerede energitilforsel, som er til stede i det flydende foder. Dette be-tyder, at det er muligt at genetablere den refleksmæssige lukning af bollerenden, selv nâr dyret ikke har aktiveret denne refleks i en 30 période pâ fra ca. 12-14 mâneder til ca. 20 mâneder eller endog mere.Soin mentioned above, it has been found possible to restore activation of the bony end shutter reflex in ruminants, where this activation has not occurred since a very young aider. The method according to the invention can thus advantageously be used in connection with ruminants, which at a previous stage in their development has been completely weaned. The method of the invention can be introduced when the ruminant has an aider of from full weaning to approx. 12 months, and can advantageously be used for feeding cattle up to a slaughter weight of approx. 230 kg, which they reach faster than conventionally fed animals. Furthermore, it is possible to introduce the feeding method according to the invention when the ruminant has an aider of between 25 full weaning and calving, for example when the ruminant is a heifer which is unlikely to benefit to a great extent from the concentrated energy supply present. in the liquid feed. This means that it is possible to re-establish the reflex closure of the bollard end, even when the animal has not activated this reflex for a period of about 30 years. 12-14 months to approx. 20 months or even more.

Endelig kan fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen anvendes i forbindelse med voksne drovtyggere, fx produktive, dvs. mælkegivende og/eller drægtige, koer. I sàdanne tilfælde vil der være en tæt sammerihæng mellem den mængde flydende foder, der gives til dyret, og dets trin i 35 mælkegivningsperioden, sâledes at der vil blive givet mindre foder (eftersom mindre intensiv energi er pâkrævet) hen imod afslutningen af mælkegivningsperioden, og omvendt vil der blive givet mere flyden-Finally, the method of the invention can be used in conjunction with adult ruminants, e.g. lactating and / or pregnant cows. In such cases, there will be a close correlation between the amount of liquid feed given to the animal and its increments during the lactation period, so that less feed (since less intensive energy is required) towards the end of the lactation period, and conversely, more flow will be given-

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18 dette trin er meget hejt, og energibehovet er tilsvarende stort.18 this step is very high and the energy demand is correspondingly large.

André drevtyggere end kvæg, som kan tages i betragtning i forbindelse med den foreliggende fodringsmetode, er fâr, befler, kameler og geder.Other chicks other than cattle which may be considered in connection with the present feeding method are sheep, mutton, camels and goats.

5 Det flydende foder kan selvfelgelig tilferes til dispenseranordnin-gerne pâ en hvilken som helst hensigtsmæssig mâde sâsom simpelt hen ved manuelt at hælde det flydende foder fra en spand eller en anden beholder ud i dispenseranordningerne. Især nâr det drejer sig om store bestande, kan det imidlertid være mere praktisk at udfere 10 tilferslen af flydende foder til dispenseranordningerne automatisk.The liquid feed can, of course, be fed to the dispensing devices in any convenient manner, as simple as by manually pouring the liquid feed from a bucket or other container into the dispensing devices. However, especially in the case of large stocks, it may be more convenient to perform the feeding of liquid feed to the dispenser devices automatically.

Sâledes er en mâde at tilfere flydende foder til dispenseranordningerne at blande bestanddelene, som udger det flydende foder, i en beholder forsynet med en omrerer og pumpe den resulterende blanding til dispenseranordningen, som findes ved hvert fodringssted, gennem 15 en foderledning, hvorigennem det flydende foder kontinuerligt eller sekventielt pumpes, indtil den enskede mængde flydende foder er blevet tilfert til aile dispenseranordningerne. Ét System, som med mindre ændringer kan anvendes til dette formâl, kan være et konven-tionelt system til tilfersel af flydende foder til grise under den 20 forudsætning, at dispenseranordningerne ifelge opfindelsen er for-bundet til et sâdant system. Det pâtænkes at tilpasse tilfarslen af flydende foder til hvert dyrs individuelle behov, sâledes at mængden af flydende foder, som tilferes til hver dispenseranordning, afhænger af de specifikke behov hos hvert enkelt dyr, som skal fodres ved 25 denne bestemte dispenseranordning, sâsom dets produktionsniveau, dets vægt eller tilstand (fx om det er drægtigt eller ej). En sâdan specialiseret eller individualiseret tilfersel kan reguleres ved hjælp af en computer, som er programmeret til dette formâl; en sâdan regulering er konventionel for tildeling af terre foderkoncentrater 30 til lesgâende dyr, som holdes i samme indhegning, fx kvæg i en kvæg-fold, for at serge for en individuel tilfersel af foder til hvert dyr og kan let tilpasses til at regulere tilferslen af flydende foder pâ lignende mâde.Thus, one way of adding liquid feed to the dispensing devices is to mix the constituents constituting the liquid feed into a container provided with an agitator and pump the resulting mixture to the dispenser device found at each feeding site through a feed line through which the liquid feed continuously or sequentially pumped until the individual amount of liquid feed has been fed to all dispenser devices. One System, which may be used for this purpose with minor modifications, may be a conventional feeding system for liquid feed to pigs, provided that the dispensing devices of the invention are connected to such system. It is envisaged to adapt the case of liquid feed to the individual needs of each animal, so that the amount of liquid feed supplied to each dispenser device depends on the specific needs of each animal to be fed by this particular dispenser device, such as its production level, its weight or condition (e.g., whether it is pregnant or not). Such a specialized or individualized case can be regulated by a computer programmed for this purpose; such a regulation is conventional for the allocation of terra fodder concentrates 30 to read animals kept in the same enclosure, e.g., cattle in a cattle fold, to provide for an individual feed of feed to each animal and can be readily adapted to regulate the feeding of liquid feed in a similar way.

Som anfert ovenfor kan den samlede mængde flydende foder, som til-35 feres i lebet af hver fodringsperiode, ligge i omrâdet 0,5-10 1, afhængig af vægten og produktionsniveauet af det dyr, som skal fodres. Det antages for tiden, at en optimal foderudnyttelse kan opnâs ved at tildele det flydende foder ca. 5 gange om dagen.As noted above, the total amount of liquid feed supplied during each feeding period may be in the range of 0.5-10 liters, depending on the weight and production level of the animal to be fed. It is currently believed that optimum feed utilization can be achieved by assigning the liquid feed approx. 5 times a day.

1919

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Opfindelsen angàr ogsâ en indhegning til at huse drovtyggere, der fodres ved fremgangsmâden ifelge opfindelsen. Indhegningen omfatter en dispenseranordning til flydende foder, som er forsynet med tilfer-selsmidler til at tildele flydende foder til en drovtygger og âb-5 ninger, der er tilpasset til at frigive det flydende foder, nâr de aktiveres af drovtyggeren, og som er anbragt i en hoj de, som i det væsentlige ligger over skulderhojden pâ den drevtygger, som skal anbringes i indhegningen, dvs. i en sâdan haj de, at dyret tvinges til at strække hovedet og halsen opad for at nâ âbningen og sâledes ind-10 tager samme diestilling som et ikke-fravænnet dyr af samme dyreart. Âbningerne omfatter fortrinsvis en beholder til flydende foder, hvil-ken beholder star i forbindelse med âbningerne, og afmàlingsorganer til at afmâle den specifikke dosis af flydende foder, som skal til-deles dravtyggeren. Disse afmàlingsorganer kan hensigtsmæssigt om-15 fatte organer til at variere beholderens volumen.The invention also relates to an enclosure for housing ruminants fed by the method of the invention. The enclosure comprises a liquid feed dispensing device provided with feeding means for assigning liquid feed to a ruminant and apertures adapted to release the liquid feed when activated by the ruminant and disposed in a high one which is substantially above the shoulder height of the chewing gum to be placed in the enclosure, i. in such a shark, the animal is forced to extend its head and neck upward to reach the opening and thus occupy the same diet position as a non-weaned animal of the same animal species. Preferably, the openings comprise a liquid feed container, which container is connected with the openings, and metering means for measuring the specific dose of liquid feed to be assigned to the drawstring. These metering means may conveniently include means for varying the volume of the container.

Én udferelsesform for tilforselsorganerne omfatter, at beholderen omfatter en cylinder, og afmâlingsorganerne omfatter et stempel, som er anbragt forskydeligt deri. En yderstilling af stemplet i cylin-deren og dermed cylinderens maksimale volumen kan bestemmes ved at 20 placere en stopring over stemplet for at forhindre det i at hæve sig over et forud fastlagt niveau, idet stopringen har en storrelse, som er valgt til at tilvejebringe et onsket beholdervolumen. Stopringen kan erstattes med en stopring med en anden starrelse for at tilvejebringe et storre eller mindre volumen ait efter onske. Stemplet selv 25 kan være gjort tungt, sâledes at det udover et hensigtsmæssigt tryk pâ det flydende foder, nâr dette tildeles, og sikrer en i det væsentlige fuldstændig udtamning af beholderen, hvilket forârsages af stem-plets nedadgâende bevægelse. En alternativ mâde til at tilvejebringe et tilstrækkeligt tryk kan være at anbringe en klokkeformet anordning 30 over stemplet ved stopringens nedre kant. Den klokkeformede anordning er forbundet med en vandforsyning pâ en sâdan mâde, at der kan etab-leres et variabelt vandtryk over stemplet. Til fyldning af beholderen udoves der et storre tryk af det flydende foder, som flyder ind i beholderen, end det tryk, som udoves af vandet, sâledes at stemplet 35 bevæger sig opad til kanten af stopringen. Nâr flydende foder pâ den anden side tildeles til drovtyggeren, vil vandtrykket være tilstrækkeligt til at bevæge stemplet nedad i cylinderen, da der ikke udovesOne embodiment of the delivery means comprises the container comprising a cylinder and the metering means comprising a piston which is slidably disposed therein. An outer position of the piston in the cylinder and thus the maximum volume of the cylinder can be determined by placing a stop ring over the piston to prevent it from rising above a predetermined level, the stop ring having a size selected to provide a desired container volume. The stop ring can be replaced with a stop ring with a different starch to provide a larger or smaller volume after the spring. The plunger itself 25 can be made heavy so that, besides an appropriate pressure on the liquid liner when it is assigned, it ensures a substantially complete discharge of the container, which is caused by the downward movement of the plunger. An alternative way to provide sufficient pressure may be to place a bell-shaped device 30 over the piston at the lower edge of the stop ring. The bell-shaped device is connected to a water supply in such a way that a variable water pressure can be established over the piston. To fill the container, a greater pressure of the liquid feed flowing into the container is exerted than the pressure exerted by the water such that the piston 35 moves upwardly to the edge of the stop ring. When liquid feed, on the other hand, is assigned to the ruminant, the water pressure will be sufficient to move the piston downward in the cylinder, since there is no exertion

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20 Nâr det flydende foder, som skal tilfores til drovtyggeren, er et foder, som indeholder mælkesyrebakterier, er det vigtigt, at stemplet passer tæt sammen med cylindervæggene for at sikre anaerobe betin-gelser.20 When the liquid feed to be fed to the ruminant is a feed containing lactic acid bacteria, it is important that the piston matches closely with the cylinder walls to ensure anaerobic conditions.

5 I en anden, for tiden mere foretrukken udforelsesform for organeme .. til tilforsel af flydende foder til en drovtygger er beholderen frem-stillet af et oppusteligt materiale, og afmâlingsorganeme omfatter en aftagelig ydre beholder af et stift materiale, som omgiver den op-pustelige indre beholder, sâledes at det maksimale volumen af den in-10 dre beholder defineres. Den indre beholder kan være en ballonlignende gummi- eller plastbeholder (som sikrer, at det flydende foder holdes under anaerobe betingelser), som er fæstnet til toppen af den ydre beholder, hvilken indre beholder, nâr den fyldes med flydende foder, ekspanderer og udfylder det volumen, som defineres af den ydre be-15 holder. Denne kan være fremstillet af et stift materiale sâsom et métal (aluminium, zink, plademetal) eller plast. De indre og ydre beholdere kan udskiftes med andre beholdere med en anden storrelse ait efter den onskede dosis flydende foder, som skal tilfores.In another, currently more preferred embodiment of the means for supplying liquid fodder to a ruminant, the container is made of an inflatable material, and the metering means comprise a removable outer container of a rigid material surrounding the inflatable material. inner container such that the maximum volume of the inner container is defined. The inner container may be a balloon-like rubber or plastic container (which ensures that the liquid liner is kept under anaerobic conditions) which is attached to the top of the outer liner which, when filled with liquid liner, expands and fills it. volume defined by the outer container. This can be made of a rigid material such as a metal (aluminum, zinc, sheet metal) or plastic. The inner and outer containers can be replaced with other containers of a different size depending on the desired dose of liquid feed to be fed.

Tilforselsorganerne kan ogsâ være sâdanne, hvor beholderen er en • 20 beholder af et bojeligt materiale, og afmâlingsorganeme omfatter et par kompressionsorganer til pâ justerbar mâde at komprimere en del af beholdervæggene derimellem. Sâledes kan beholderen omfatte en sektion af et gummieret lærredsror, som er lukket ved toppen og hensigtsmæs-sigt ophængt. Kompressionsorganerne kan omfatte et par valser, som 25 kan glide og er fastgjort til en ramme, der er anbragt sâledes, at den omgiver beholderen. Valserne er anbragt modsat hinanden pâ en sâdan mâde, at beholderens vægge presses tæt sammen. Rammen er for-synet med stopringe, der bestemmer valsernes yderstilling og dermed beholderens maksimale volumen. Nâr beholderen fyldes med flydende 30 foder, presses valserne opad til stopringenes laveste kant, medens valserne, nâr det flydende foder tilfores, bevæger sig nedad og sikrer, at beholderen tommes, og at der opretholdes et passende tryk.The delivery means may also be such that the container is a flexible container and the metering means comprise a pair of compression means for adjustably compressing a portion of the container walls therebetween. Thus, the container may comprise a section of a rubberized canvas tube closed at the top and suitably suspended. The compression means may comprise a pair of rollers which are slidable and secured to a frame arranged so as to surround the container. The rollers are positioned opposite each other in such a way that the walls of the container are pressed tightly together. The frame is provided with stop rings which determine the outer position of the rollers and thus the maximum volume of the container. When the container is filled with liquid feed, the rollers are pressed upwardly to the lowest edge of the stop rings, while the rollers, as the liquid feed is being fed, move downward and ensure that the container is emptied and that an appropriate pressure is maintained.

Tilforselsorganerne kan yderligere være sâdanne, hvor beholderen er i form af en bojelig slange, der stàr i forbindelse med et bevægeligt 35 kompressionsorgan, sâledes at der dannes en peristaltisk pumpe, som 2l DK 1564101 onskede mængde flydende foder, som skal fores gennem den bojelige slange og sâledes tildeles drovtyggeren. Nâr indhegningen er en sâ-dan, som er beregnet til at huse en enkelt drovtygger, som er tojret deri, og nâr dispenseranordningen derfor kun skal benyttes af ét 5 dyr, kan kompressionsleddet bringes i bevægelse ved det trykfald, der foràrsages af temningen af én del af den bojelige slange gennem âb-ningen og samtidig af det forogede tryk, som udoves af det flydende foder, som flyder ind i en anden sektion af den bojelige slange pâ den anden side af kompressionsleddet. Nâr flere losgâende dyr derimod 10 holdes i den samme indhegning, og dispenseranordningen folgelig skal deles af flere dyr, som hver kræver en forskellig mængde flydende foder, foretrækkes det at anvende en motor til at bevæge kompressionsleddet, da dette gor det lettere at regulere det antal gange pumpen aktiveres.The delivery means may further be such that the container is in the form of a flexible hose connected to a movable compression member so as to form a peristaltic pump which requests the amount of liquid feed to be fed through the flexible hose. and thus is assigned the chopper. When the enclosure is one which is intended to house a single ruminant, which is tethered therein, and therefore, when the dispenser is to be used by only one animal, the compression joint can be moved by the pressure drop caused by the sealing of one part of the flexible hose through the aperture and at the same time by the increased pressure exerted by the liquid feed flowing into another section of the flexible hose on the other side of the compression joint. On the other hand, when several unloading animals are kept in the same enclosure and the dispensing device must be divided by several animals, each requiring a different amount of liquid feed, it is preferable to use a motor to move the compression joint, as this makes it easier to control the number times the pump is activated.

15 Âbningerne i dispenseranordningen kan hâve en hvflken som helst hensigtsmæssig form, dvs. en form, som stimulerer det dyr, som ind-tager foder ved anordningen, til at lukke bollerenden, og kan sâledes hâve form af en tud, en dyse, en tap, en taphane «lier et stykke gummirer eller metalror, som eventuelt er forsynet med en hensigts-20 mæssig ventil for at regulere stremmen af flydende foder. Det foretrækkes imidlertid, at âbningerne omfatter et sutlignende organ og især et organ, som er fremstillet af et elastisk materiale sâsom naturligt eller syntetisk gummi eller plast. Den frie ende af det sutlignende organ er hensigtsmæssigt forsynet med en spaltelignende 25 âbning, som i det mindste delvis er defineret af relativt stive modstâende sutvægorganer, som kan vippes omkring drejetap-lignende vægorganer, sâledes at den spaltelignende âbning âbnes ved at kompri-mere det sutlignende organ. De relativt stive sutvægorganer nær ved den spaltelignende âbning kan tilvejebringes ved hjælp af en sterre 30 vægtykkelse eller ved hjælp af et lag af et stivere materiale sâsom et hârdere gummimateriale eller metalmateriale pâ sutvæggens indre overflade eller ved en kombination af disse foranstaltninger. De drejetap-lignende vægorganer kan udgeres af et drejetaporgan af et stift materiale sâsom métal, der er indlejret i sutvæggen. Tværsnit-35 tet af det rum, som defineres af sutvæggene, er fortrinsvis udformet sâledes, at man forhindrer et fuldstændigt sammenfald af sutvæggene, nâr de komprimeres, hvilket ellers i det væsentlige ville forhindre det flydende foder i at passere gennem det sutlignende organ. Ind- o-P /lûf eii+-T i frnanrlû ΛΤ·(τηη Iran irjnrû pAfcimof marJ û-n b-AnfvaI _The openings in the dispenser may be of any suitable shape, i.e. a mold which stimulates the animal which enters feed by the device to close the bunker end, and may thus take the form of a spout, nozzle, tap, a tap, or a piece of rubber or metal rudder, which may be provided with an appropriate valve to regulate the flow of liquid feed. However, it is preferred that the apertures comprise a teat-like member and, in particular, a member made of an elastic material such as natural or synthetic rubber or plastic. Conveniently, the free end of the teat-like member is provided with a slit-like opening, which is at least partially defined by relatively rigid, resistant teat-wall means which can be tilted about pivot-like wall members to open the slit-like opening by compressing it. sucking-like organ. The relatively rigid suction wall means near the slit-like opening can be provided by a sterile wall thickness or by a layer of a stiffer material such as a harder rubber material or metal material on the inner surface of the suction wall or by a combination of these measures. The pivot-like wall members may be constituted by a pivot member of a rigid material such as metal embedded in the pacifier wall. The cross-section of the space defined by the pacifier walls is preferably designed to prevent a complete collapse of the pacifier walls when compressed, which would otherwise substantially prevent the liquid feed from passing through the pacifier. Ind- o-P / luf eii + -T i frnanrlû ΛΤ · (τηη Iran irjnrû pAfcimof marJ ú-n b-AnfvaI _

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22 ventil i de tilfælde, hvor det tryk, der udeves ved tilforslen af det flydende foder, er relativt lille for at forhindre det flydende foder i at blive presset tilbage til beholderen, nâr drovtyggeren presser sutvæggene sammen.22 valve in cases where the pressure exerted by the supply of the liquid feed is relatively small to prevent the liquid feed from being pressed back into the container when the ruminant compresses the peat walls.

5 Alternatîvt kan det sutlignende organ omfatte et indre og ydre ror, idet rummet, som er defineret mellem de indre og ydre r0r, eventuelt er fyldt med et elastisk materiale sâsom gummi for at forstærke sut-tens vægge. Det indre ror kan være fremstillet af et ekspanderbart materiale. Der kan tilvejebringes et lukke ved den frie ende af det 10 sutlignende organ ved hjælp af et klemmeorgan. De dele af klemmeor-ganet, som sammenpresser væggene af det indre ror, kan tvinges fra hinanden ved at sammenpresse det sutlignende organ, hvorved man aktiverer f jederorganer, som befinder sig ved eller grænsende op til det ydre rors indre vægge.Alternatively, the teat-like member may comprise an inner and outer tube, the space defined between the inner and outer tubes being optionally filled with an elastic material such as rubber to reinforce the walls of the teat. The inner rudder may be made of an expandable material. A closure may be provided at the free end of the teat-like member by a clamping means. The parts of the clamping member which compress the walls of the inner tube can be forced apart by compressing the suction-like means, thereby activating spring means located at or adjacent to the inner walls of the outer tube.

15 Det har vist sig fordelagtigt at anbringe âbningerne uden for dyrenes rækkevidde, nâr de ikke er i brug. Dette har til formâl at beskytte âbningerne mod at blive odelagt, da dyrene ellers ville hâve en ten-dens til hele tiden at "gumle pâ" eller "nippe til" âbningerne, selv nâr der ikke tilfores flydende foder; tilsynekomsten af âbningerne 20 tjener endvidere til at stimulere drovtyggerne til at begynde at die og samtidig lukke bollerenden.15 It has been found advantageous to place the openings out of the reach of the animals when not in use. This is intended to protect the openings from being destroyed, as otherwise the animals would have a tendency to constantly "munch on" or "sip" the openings, even when no liquid feed is supplied; the appearance of the apertures 20 further serves to stimulate the ruminants to begin to die and at the same time close the buns end.

Til dette formâl kan indhegningen ifelge opfindelsen endvidere omfatte et drejeligt monteret skjold, som definerer en âbning deri, idet skjoldet kan bevæges mellem en beskyttende stilling, hvor âb-25 ningerne er dækket af skjoldet, og en afdækkende stilling, hvor âbningerne strækker sig gennem âbningen i skjoldet og er af dækket for drovtyggerne i indhegningen. For at hindre drovtyggeren i at nâ âbningerne fra siden kan det beskyttende skjold strække sig i det væ-sentlige tværs over hele indhegningens bredde.For this purpose, the enclosure of the invention may further comprise a pivotally mounted shield defining an opening therein, the shield being movable between a protective position where the apertures are covered by the shield and a covering position where the apertures extend through the aperture. in the shield and is off the cover of the ruminants in the fence. To prevent the chopper from reaching the side openings, the protective shield may extend substantially across the entire width of the fence.

30 I en foretrukken udforelsesform omfatter dispenseranordningen en ind-lebsâbning for flydende foder og en ventil, som kan bevæges mellem en stilling, hvor indlobsâbningen er lukket, medens udlobsàbningen er àben, hvilken stilling opretholdes, medens drovtyggeren indtager foder ved anordningen, og en anden stilling, hvor udlobsâbningen er 35 lukket, medens indlebsâbningen er àben, hvilken stilling opretholdes, 23In a preferred embodiment, the dispensing device comprises an inlet opening for liquid feed and a valve which can be moved between a position where the inlet opening is closed while the outlet opening is open, which position is maintained while the ruminant takes up feed at the device and another position. where the outlet opening is 35 closed while the opening opening is open, which position is maintained, 23

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trinsvis en klapventil. Der kan endvidere tilvejebringes bevægel-sesorganer til samtidig at bevæge skjoldet fra dets beskyttende til dets afdækkende stilling og ventilen fra dens anden til dens forste stilling, og vice versa. Bevægelsesorganerne kan være mekaniske og 5 aktiveres elektronisk, mekanisk, hydraulisk, pneumatisk eller manu-elt.stepwise a flap valve. Moving means may also be provided for simultaneously moving the shield from its protective to its covering position and the valve from its second to its first position, and vice versa. The movement means may be mechanical and actuated electronically, mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or manually.

Opfindelsen belyses nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, pâ hvil-ken fig. 1-4 viser tværsnit af forskellige udforelsesformer for dispen-10 seranordningen ifolge opfindelsen, fig. 5 viser, set forfra, den udforelsesform for dispenseranordningen ifolge opfindelsen, som er vist i fig. 4, fig. 6 og 7 viser, i tværsnit og set fra neden, et sutlignende organ ifolge opfindelsen i henholdsvis ikke-sammenpresset og sammenpresset 15 tilstand, fig. 8 og 9 viser, i tværsnit og set fra neden, en anden udferelses-form for et sutlignende organ ifolge opfindelsen i henholdsvis ikke-sammenpresset og sammenpresset tilstand, og fig. 10 viser en udforelsesform for en indhegning ifolge opfindelsen.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1-4 show cross sections of various embodiments of the dispensing device according to the invention; 5 is a front view of the embodiment of the dispenser according to the invention shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 and 7 show, in cross-section and from below, a teat-like means according to the invention in the uncompressed and compressed state respectively. Figures 8 and 9 show, in cross-section and from below, another embodiment of a teat-like member according to the invention in the uncompressed and compressed state, respectively. 10 shows an embodiment of an enclosure according to the invention.

20 I fig. 1 er en fodeledning 10 til tilforsel af flydende foder til en dispenseranordning forbundet med en indlebsâbning 11 til flydende foder og udlobsàbninger, som er formet som en sut, 12, og som er tilpasset til at frigive det flydende foder, nâr de aktiveres af en drovtygger. En klapventil 13 er bevægelig mellem en stilling, hvor 25 indlobsâbningen 11 er lukket, medens en indlobsende af sutten 12 er âben, og en anden stilling, hvor indlobsenden af sutten 12 er lukket, medens indlebsâbningen 11 er âben. Nâr flydende foder strommer génnem indlobsâbningen 11, ekspanderes en indre beholder 14 og fylder volu-menet af en ydre beholder 15. Et drejeligt monteret skjold 16 kan 30 bevæges mellem en beskyttende stilling, hvor sutten 12 er dækket af skjoldet 16, og en afdækkende stilling 16a, hvor sutten 12 strækker sig gennem en àbning i skjoldet 16. Til pâbegyndelse af en fodrings-periode bevæges skjoldet 16 fra dets beskyttende stilling til dets afdækkende stilling ved hjælp .af bevægelsesorganer (ikke vist), som 35 aktiveres elektronisk, mekanisk, hydraulisk, pneumatisk eller manu-elt. De samme organer anvendes til at bevæge klapventilen 13 fra den stilling, hvor indlobsenden af sutten 12 er lukket, til den stil-In FIG. 1 is a feed line 10 for supplying liquid feed to a dispenser device connected to a feed opening 11 for liquid feed and outlet openings shaped as a teat 12 adapted to release the liquid feed when activated by a chewing gum . A flap valve 13 is movable between a position where the inlet port 11 is closed while an inlet end of the teat 12 is open, and another position where the inlet end of the teat 12 is closed while the inlet port 11 is open. As liquid lining flows through the inlet port 11, an inner container 14 is expanded and fills the volume of an outer container 15. A pivotally mounted shield 16 may be moved between a protective position, the pouch 12 being covered by the shield 16, and a covering position. 16a, wherein the teat 12 extends through an opening in the shield 16. At the beginning of a feeding period, the shield 16 is moved from its protective position to its covering position by means of movement means (not shown) which are activated electronically, mechanically, hydraulically. , pneumatic or manual. The same means are used to move the flap valve 13 from the position where the inlet end of the teat 12 is closed to the positioning valve.

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24 ringsperioden, dvs. nâr beholderen 14 er tom, bevæges skjoldet 16 tilbage til dets beskyttende stilling, og klapventilen 13 bevæges til den stilling, hvori indlebsenden af sutten 12 er lukket.24 ring period, ie. When the container 14 is empty, the shield 16 is moved back to its protective position and the flap valve 13 is moved to the position in which the insertion end of the teat 12 is closed.

I fig. 2 henvises der til de dele, der svarer til delene vist i fig.In FIG. 2, the parts corresponding to the parts shown in FIG.

5 1, ved hjælp af de samme numre. Derudover omfatter dispenseranord- ningen en cylindrisk beholder 20, i hvilken et stempel 21 er aribragt forskydeligt. En yderstilling af stemplet 21 bestemmes af den nedre kant af en stopring 22. Nâr flydende foder strommer gennem indlobsâb-ningen 11, presses stemplet 21 opad til den nedre kant af stopringen 10 22, og nâr en drevtygger indtager foder ved dispenseranordningen, bevæges stemplet 21 nedad i beholderen 20 og hjælper med at tomme den. Skjoldet 16 og klapventilen 13 bevæges som beskrevet ovenfor.5 1, using the same numbers. In addition, the dispensing device comprises a cylindrical container 20 in which a piston 21 is slidably arranged. An outer position of the piston 21 is determined by the lower edge of a stop ring 22. As liquid feed flows through the inlet opening 11, the piston 21 is pressed upwardly to the lower edge of the stop ring 10 22, and as a chewing gum takes up feed at the dispenser device, the piston 21 is moved. down in the container 20 and helps to empty it. The shield 16 and the valve 13 are moved as described above.

I fig. 3 henvises der til de dele, som er vist i fig. 1, med de samme numre. Fodeledningen 10 er forbundet med en bojelig slange 30, som er 15 anbragt pâ indersiden af et stift, krumt underlag 31, som i tværsnit er i det væsentlige halvcirkelformet, og som definerer omkredsen af slangen 30 og tjener som stette derfor. Et bevægeligt kompressions-organ 32, som omfatter et par roterende valser 33 forbundet med en stav eller stang 34, hvis længde i det væsentlige svarer til diame-20 teren af underlaget 31, drives ved hjælp af en motor 35 til at sam-menpresse slangen 30, sâledes at flydende foder, der er tilfort til slangen 30, presses mod udlobsâbningen 12. En fremspringende knop 36, som er anbragt pâ omdrejningsakselen af kompressionsorganet 32 og er tilpasset til at gribe ind i fremspring eller tænder pâ et glide-25 led 37, som er tilpasset til at glide langs med en glideskinne 38, der er fæstnet til underlaget 31, hvilken knop 36 bevæger sig én tand fremad for hver omdrejning af kompressionsleddet 32. Antallet af omdrejninger af kompressionsorganet 32 bestemmes ved hjælp af en stopklods 39, som er fastgjort justerbart til glideskinnen 38. En 30 anden fremspringende knop 40, som ogsâ griber ind i fremspringene eller tænderne pâ glideleddet 37, forhindrer glideleddet 37 i at bevæge sig til udgangsstillingen. Ved afslutningen af en fodrings-periode frigores kompressionsorganet 32 fra glideleddet 37, hvorved glideleddet 37 bevæger sig tilbage til sin udgangsstilling.In FIG. 3, reference is made to the parts shown in FIG. 1, with the same numbers. The foot conduit 10 is connected to a flexible hose 30 which is disposed on the inside of a rigid, curved support 31, which in cross section is substantially semicircular, which defines the circumference of the hose 30 and serves as a support therefor. A movable compression member 32, comprising a pair of rotating rollers 33 connected to a rod or rod 34, the length of which substantially corresponds to the diameter of the base 31, is driven by a motor 35 to compress the hose. 30, such that liquid lining applied to the hose 30 is pressed against the outlet opening 12. A projecting knob 36 which is disposed on the pivot shaft of the compression member 32 and is adapted to engage the projections or teeth of a sliding joint 37 adapted to slide along a slide rail 38 attached to the support 31, which knob 36 moves one tooth forward for each rotation of the compression joint 32. The number of revolutions of the compression member 32 is determined by a stop block 39 which is fixed adjustably to the slide rail 38. A second protruding knob 40, which also engages the projections or teeth of the slide joint 37, prevents the slide joint 37 from moving to the starting position. none. At the end of a feeding period, the compression member 32 is released from the slider 37, whereby the slider 37 moves back to its initial position.

35 I fig. 4 og 5 henvises der til de dele, som svarer til de dele, der er vist i fig. 1, med de samme numre. En ventil 50 regulerer strommen35 In FIG. 4 and 5 reference is made to the parts corresponding to the parts shown in FIG. 1, with the same numbers. A valve 50 regulates the flow

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25 ophængt ved hjælp af ophængningsanordninger 52. Et par valser 53 er fastgjort, sâ de kan glide, til en ranime 54 og er ahbragt sàledes, at de sammenpresser væggene af beholderen 51. En yderstilling af valser-ne 53 bestemmes ved hjælp af stopklodser 55. Nâr beholderen 51 fyldes 5 med flydende foder, presses valserne 53 opad til den nedre kant af stopklodserne 55, medens valserne 53, nâr der tilfares flydende foder, bevæger sig nedad og sikrer, at beholderen 51 tommes. Skjoldet 16 betjenes som beskrevet ovenfor under henvisning til fig. 1.25 are suspended by means of suspension means 52. A pair of rollers 53 are secured so that they can slide into a ranime 54 and are arranged to compress the walls of the container 51. An outer position of the rollers 53 is determined by means of stop blocks 55 As the container 51 is filled with liquid liner 5, the rollers 53 are pressed upwardly to the lower edge of the stop pads 55, while the rollers 53, as liquid liner is applied, move downward and ensure that the container 51 is emptied. The shield 16 is operated as described above with reference to FIG. First

I fig. 6 og 7 er en sut 60 af et elastisk materiale forsynet med en 10 spaltelignende àbning 61 ved den frie ende, hvilken âbning er define-ret af stive vægorganer 62 (tilvejebragt af en lag af et hârdere materiale pâ den indre overflade af suttens væg), som kan vippes om-kring en omdrejningstap 63, sàledes at den spaltelignende âbning 61 âbnes, nâr sutten 60 presses sammen, medens dyret sutter (vist i fig.In FIG. 6 and 7 is a teat 60 of a resilient material provided with a slot-like opening 61 at the free end, which is defined by rigid wall members 62 (provided by a layer of a harder material on the inner surface of the teat wall). , which can be tilted about a pivot 63 so that the slot-like opening 61 is opened as the teat 60 is compressed while the animal is sucking (shown in FIG.

15 7). Indlabsenden 64 af sutten 60 er forsynet med en stopventil 65 for at forhindre, at flydende foder presses tilbage i beholderen til flydende foder, nâr sutten 60 presses sammen.7). The inlet end 64 of the teat 60 is provided with a stop valve 65 to prevent liquid feed from being pushed back into the liquid feed container when the teat 60 is compressed.

I fig. 8 og 9 omfatter en sut et ydre rar 70 af et elastisk materiale og et indre rar 71 af et ekspanderbart materiale. Et lukke af det in-20 dre rar 71 ved den frie ende af sutten tilvejebringes ved hjælp af en slangeklemme 72, sàledes at det gares muligt for flydende foder at udfylde og/eller ekspandere det indre rar 71. Nâr sutten presses sammen, medens dyret sutter, aktiveres bladfjedre 73, der er anbragt grænsende op til indervæggene af det ydre rar 70 og forbundet med 25 slangeklemmen 72, hvorved de dele af slangeklemmen 72, som sammenpresser væggene af det indre rar 71, tvinges fra hinanden og âbner en passage 74 for det flydende foder.In FIG. 8 and 9, a suction comprises an outer scoop 70 of an elastic material and an inner scarf 71 of an expandable material. A closure of the inner vein 71 at the free end of the pacifier is provided by a hose clamp 72 so as to allow liquid feed to fill and / or expand the inner pouch 71. When the teat is compressed while the animal is compressed suction, leaf springs 73 actuated adjacent to the inner walls of the outer groove 70 and connected to the hose clamp 72 are activated, thereby forcing those parts of the hose clamp 72 which compress the walls of the inner groove 71 to open a passage 74 for the liquid feed.

I fig. 10 er den i fig. 1 viste dispenseranordning monteret i en bâs 80. En ko 81, som indtager foder ved dispenseranordningen, strækker 30 hovedet og halsen opad for at nâ sutten 12. Bâsen 80 er endvidere forsynet med et fodertrug 82 til fast foder.In FIG. 10 is that of FIG. 1, mounted in a stall 80. A cow 81, which feeds on the dispenser, extends head 30 and neck upward to reach the teat 12. The stall 80 is further provided with a feeding trough 82 for solid feed.

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Opfindelsen belyses nærmere under henvisning til nedenstâende ek-sempler.The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following examples.

EKSEMPEL 1EXAMPLE 1

Produktivitetsfor0gelse ved hjælp af splitfeeding 5 2 grupper frisiske malkekoer (2 koer i hver gruppe) med et gennem- snitligt dagligt mælkeudbytte pâ 36 kg mælk fik som fast foder den samme type vâde grovfoderblanding ad libitum bestâende af 55 vægtpro-cent NH3 -behandlet halm, 24 vægtprocent melasseret, terret roepulp, 18 vægtprocent NaOH-behandlede hele bygkorn (NaOH = 3% af byggen) og 10 3 vægtprocent af en minerai-vitamin-forblanding (vægtprocent af torstof).Productivity increase by splitfeeding 5 2 groups of Frisian dairy cows (2 cows in each group) with an average daily milk yield of 36 kg milk received as solid feed the same type of wet fodder mix ad libitum consisting of 55% by weight NH3-treated straw, 24% by weight molassed, terraced beet pulp, 18% by weight NaOH treated whole barley grain (NaOH = 3% of barley) and 10% by weight of a mineral vitamin premix (% by weight of dry matter).

Én gruppe fik ogsâ 7 kg (6,3 kg torstof) af et foderkoncentrat, som blev tildelt to gange daglig ved konventionelle metoder. Foderkoncen-tratet indeholdt 40% byg, 20% sojabennemel, 20% kokosnoddekage og 10% 15 fiskemel (vægtprocent af terstof).One group also received 7 kg (6.3 kg dry matter) of a feed concentrate which was administered twice daily by conventional methods. The feed concentrate contained 40% barley, 20% soybean meal, 20% coconut cake and 10% 15 fishmeal (weight percent of terry).

Den anden gruppe fik 9 1 flydende foder indeholdende 3 kg letfor-dojeligt torstof, som blev tilfsrt i henhold til fremgangsmâden ifalge opfindelsen via dispenseranordninger forsynet med en sutformet âbning 5 gange i lobet af et tidsrum pâ 24 timer. Det flydende foder 20 indeholdt 20% fiskemel, 10% vallepulver, 30% hydrolyseret ristet sojabennemel, 5% glucose, 2,5% majsstivelse, 2,5% formalet hvede, 5% af en minerai-vitamin-forblanding, 20% vegetabilsk fedt og 5% ani-malsk fedt (vægtprocent af terstof).The second group received 9 liters of liquid feed containing 3 kg of easily digestible dry matter, which was supplied in accordance with the method according to the invention via dispensing devices provided with a tapered opening 5 times over a period of 24 hours. The liquid feed 20 contained 20% fishmeal, 10% whey powder, 30% hydrolyzed roasted soybean meal, 5% glucose, 2.5% corn starch, 2.5% ground wheat, 5% of a vitamin Minerai premix, 20% vegetable fat and 5% ani malic fat (wt% of tersten).

Begge grupper havde fri adgang til drikkevand.Both groups had free access to drinking water.

25 Den ved splitfeeding fodrede gruppe blev kontinuerligt testet for vomindholdet, hvilket viste, at intet af det flydende foder blev ledt videre til vommen, dvs. at bollerendens lukkerefleks var fuldt ud aktiv. Testen kan udfores ved at mærke det flydende foder med en chromforbindelse. Hvis der ikke findes noget chrom i proven af vom-30 indholdet, som tages umiddelbart efter fodring med det flydende foder, er det flydende foder gâet forbi vommen. Praven tages ved sug-The split-fed group was continuously tested for the rumen content, which showed that none of the liquid feed was passed on to the rumen, ie. that the ball end shutter reflex was fully active. The test can be performed by labeling the liquid feed with a chromium compound. If there is no chromium in the samples of the rumen content, which is taken immediately after feeding the liquid feed, the liquid feed has passed the rumen. The test is taken by suction.

Tl i η σ ιταΗ n i aol Tl a·^ ati ΰΛπ/ίά enm farae ίη/1 1 iTAmmanTl i η σ ιταΗ n i aol Tl a · ^ ati ΰΛπ / ίά enm farae ίη / 1 1 iTAmman

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Fodringsforsoget blev kart i 8 uger.The feeding trial was short for 8 weeks.

I gennemsnit forbrugte gruppe 1 11 kg af grovfoderblandingen og aile 7 kg foderkoncentrat. I begyndelsen tabte koeme ca. 400 g i vægt om dagen og senere 200 g om dagen, idet det samlede vægttab i lobet af 8 5 uger var 18 kg. Mælkeudbyttet faldt stôt og udgjorde et samlet fald pâ 5 kg (til 31 kg/dag) i lobet af 8 uger; torstofindholdet i mælken var 12,4% (gennemsnit), og fedtindholdet 3,8%.On average, group 1 consumed 11 kg of coarse feed mixture and all 7 kg of feed concentrate. Initially, the cows lost about 400 g weight per day and later 200 g daily, with the total weight loss over the course of 8 weeks being 18 kg. The milk yield fell steadily and amounted to a total drop of 5 kg (to 31 kg / day) over the course of 8 weeks; the solids content of the milk was 12.4% (average) and the fat content 3.8%.

I gennemsnit forbrugte gruppe 2 18 kg af grovfoderblandingen og drak ait det flydende foder. I begyndelsen tabte koerne ca. 200 g om dagen 10 i vægt, men tog senere 300 g pâ om dagen, sâledes at det samlede vægttab i lobet af 8 uger var 6 kg. I begyndelsen steg mælkeudbyttet med 2 kg om dagen, men faldt i lobet af hele den 8 uger lange période med 3 kg til 34 kg om dagen. Torstofindholdet i mælken var 12,4% (gennemsnit), og fedtindholdet 4,2%.On average, group 2 consumed 18 kg of the coarse feed mixture and drank the liquid feed. Initially the cows lost approx. 200 g / day 10 weight, but later took 300 g / day, so that the total weight loss over the course of 8 weeks was 6 kg. Initially, milk yield increased by 2 kg per day, but decreased over the entire 8-week period by 3 kg to 34 kg per day. The solids content of the milk was 12.4% (average) and the fat content 4.2%.

15 Pâ ârsbasis svarer dette résultat til en stigning i mælkeydelsen pâ ca. 10% og i fedtindholdet pâ ca. 10,5%. Det kan derfor konkluderes, at der kan opnâs en betydelig okonomisk fordel ved at fodre malkekoer i overensstemmelse med fremgangsmâden ifolge opfindelsen.15 On a yearly basis, this result corresponds to an increase in milk yield of approx. 10% and in the fat content of approx. 10.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that a considerable economic benefit can be obtained by feeding dairy cows in accordance with the method according to the invention.

EKSEMPEL 2 20 Regulering af indholdet af umættede fedtsyrer i mælk fra koer, der er fodret ved splitfeeding 4 koer (frisisk malkerace) med et gennemsnitligt mælkeudbytte pâ 35 kg/dag, som var blevet opdrættet ifolge et sutfodringssystem, og som senere (som kalvekvier) var blevet optrænet til at beherske bolleren-25 dens refleksmæssige lukkefunktion, blev fodret i overensstemmelse med splitfeeding-metoden, medens de havde fri adgang til drikkevand.EXAMPLE 2 20 Regulation of the content of unsaturated fatty acids in cows' milk fed by split feeding 4 cows (Frisian dairy breed) with an average milk yield of 35 kg / day, which had been reared according to a suckling system and later (as calf heifers) had been trained to master the bollard's reflexive closing function, were fed in accordance with the splitfeeding method while having free access to drinking water.

Det faste foder (tilfort i et trug ad libitum ca. 16-17 kg/dag) indeholdt 50% hakket NHj-behandlet halm, 20% NaOH-behandlede hele bygkorn (3% NaOH), 25% melasseret roepulp og 5% af en mineralsk og 30 vitaminsk forblanding (vægtprocent af torstof).The solid feed (fed in a trough ad libitum about 16-17 kg / day) contained 50% minced NH 2 treated straw, 20% NaOH treated whole barley grain (3% NaOH), 25% molassed beet pulp and 5% of a mineral and 30 vitamin premix (weight percent of solids).

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Det flydende foder (tilfart via en med sut forsynet dispenseranord-ning 3 gange daglig i en mængde pâ 3 1 pr. fodringsperiode — 1,8 kg tarstof pr. dag) havde falgende sammensætning:The liquid feed (fed via a teat dispenser 3 times daily in an amount of 3 liters per feeding period - 1.8 kg tariff per day) had the following composition:

Bestanddele S ammens ætning 5 (vægtprocent af tarstof)Ingredients S ammation s 5 (weight percent of tar)

I II IIII II III

Fiskemel 25 25 25Fishmeal 25 25 25

Vallepulver 15 15 15 10 Hydrolyseret sojamel 20 20 20Whey powder 15 15 15 10 Hydrolyzed soybean meal 20 20 20

Fiske- og benmel 55 5Fish and bone meal 55 5

Fiskeensilage 55 5Fish silage 55 5

Glucose 555Glucose 555

Mineralsk og vitaminsk 15 forblanding 55 5Mineral and vitamin 15 premix 55 5

Animalsk fedt 10 5 0Animal fat 10 5 0

Vegetabilsk fedt (indeholdende ca. 50% polyumættede fedtsyrer) 10 15 20 20 Dyrene blev opdelt i to grupper, sâledes at man fik et sâ ensartet mælkeudbytte i grupperne som muligt. De tre forskellige kompositioner (varierende indhold af polyumættede fedtsyrer) blev tildelt til hver gruppe pâ skift i 1 uge i henhold til falgende plan:Vegetable fat (containing about 50% polyunsaturated fatty acids) 10 15 20 20 The animals were divided into two groups so as to obtain as uniform milk yield in the groups as possible. The three different compositions (varying content of polyunsaturated fatty acids) were assigned to each group alternately for 1 week according to the following plan:

Tidsrum Gruppe 1 Gruppe 2 25 -Period Group 1 Group 2 25 -

A II IIIA II III

B III IIB III II

C I IC I I

30 De individuelle mælkeudbytter blev noteret hver dag, og der blev ta-get mælkeprever én gang om ugen. Praverne blev analyseret pâ Statens Forsagsmejeri i Hillerad.The individual milk yields were noted every day and milk samples were taken once a week. The samples were analyzed at the State Research Dairy in Hillerad.

Resultater 29Results 29

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1.. Mælkeudbyttet kan vises som felger:1. The milk yield can be shown as rims:

KompositionComposition

'Gruppe I II III'Group I II III

5-- 1 34,0 34,2 35,1 2 35,5 36,0 '36,55-- 1 34.0 34.2 35.1 2 35.5 36.0 '36.5

Gmsn. 34,8 35,1 35,0 10 Det Æreflçgàr,, ia.t .der ikke blev opnâet nogen sigiiüfikant forskel ved at :fo.dre koerne med de tre forskellige kompositioner.Gmsn. 34.8 35.1 35.0 10 There is no honorable distinction obtained by: feeding the cows with the three different compositions.

Z. :D:en'kemiske sanraiensætning af mælken kan vises som felger:Z.: D: a chemical chemistry of milk can be displayed as rims:

Sammensætning (% torstof)Composition (% solids)

IBestanddele I I IIIIngredients I I III

15 '(Torstof) .(Il, 94) (13,06) (13,04) -FHdtstoffer 3,38 4,26 4,6015 '(Solids). (II, 94) (13.06) (13.04) -Foods 3.38 4.26 4.60

Trotein 2,76 2,83 2,81Trotein 2.76 2.83 2.81

Lactose 5,02 4,83 4,87 20 Aske 0,68 0,68 0,70Lactose 5.02 4.83 4.87 20 Ash 0.68 0.68 0.70

Det fremgâr af tabellen, at mælken indeholder en progressivt stigende mængde fedt med et stigende indhold af vegetabilsk fedt i foderet,The table shows that the milk contains a progressively increasing amount of fat with an increasing content of vegetable fat in the feed,

Med hensyn til de evrige bestanddele var der kun mindre forskelle.As for the eternal constituents, there were only minor differences.

Claims (13)

1. Fremgangsmàde til fodring af en drevtygger med en fuldt udviklet 25 vomfunktion, hvor foderet er opdelt i to dele omfattende et flydende foder, som gives, medens drevtyggeren stimuleres pâ en sâdan mâde, at bollerenderefleksen aktiveres under indtagelsen af det flydende foder, og et fast foder, som gives pâ en sâdan mâde, at bollerendens lukkerefleks ikke aktiveres under indtagelsen af det faste foder, 30 hvor begge typer foder uafhængigt af hinanden er tilgængelige via separate dispensersystemer, DK 156410 B kendetegnet ved, at det flydende foder tilfares automatisk i en mængde pâ 0,5-10 1 ved hver fodringsperiode 2-8 gange dagligt via en dispenseranordning, der er aribragt ved dravtyggerens fodrings-sted i en sâdan stilling, at hovedet hos en dravtygger, som drikker 5 af dispenseranordningen, i det væsentlige indtager samme stilling som diestillingen hos et ikke-fravænnet dyr af samme dyreart, idet det flydende foder omfatter en oplasning, suspension eller opslæmning af proteiner, peptider eller aminosyrer i en mængde i omràdet 25-100 vægtprocent af trarstofindholdet i foderet, letfordajelige carbon-10 hydrater i en mængde i omràdet 0-50 vægtprocent af tarstofindholdet i foderet og/eller -fedtstoffer i en mængde i omràdet 15-100 vægtprocent af tarstofindholdet i foderet, i en acceptabel væske sâsom vand, plantesaft, gærflade eller animalske sera sàsom mælk, valle, blod-serum eller helblod eller oplaselige stoffer fra fisk, idet én eller 15 flere af bestanddelene i det flydende foder er helt eller delvis hydrolyserede, og det faste foder omfatter carbonhydrater, som er mindre fordajelige, sâsom cellulose eller hemicellulose, og som udgar mindst ca. 30% af tarstofindholdet, fortrinsvis mindst 60% af tersto-findholdet i foderet samt ikke-proteinholdige, nitrogenholdige for-20 bindelser sâsom urinstof, ammoniumforbindelser, nitrater, etc., der udgar mindst ca. 1%, fortrinsvis mindst ca. 1,5% af tarstofindholdet i foderet.A method of feeding a chewing gum having a fully developed rumen function, wherein the feed is divided into two parts comprising a liquid feed which is given while the chewing gum is stimulated in such a way that the bulb end reflex is activated during the ingestion of the liquid feed, and a solid feed which is provided in such a way that the bulb end shutter reflex is not activated during the ingestion of the solid feed, 30 of which both types of feed are available independently via separate dispenser systems, characterized in that the liquid feed is fed automatically in a amount of 0.5-10 liters at each feeding period 2-8 times daily via a dispenser arranged at the feeding site of the chewing gum in such a position that the head of a chewing gum drinking 5 of the dispensing device consumes substantially the same position as the diet of a non-weaned animal of the same animal species, the liquid feed comprising a dissolution, suspension or slurry of protein r, peptides or amino acids in an amount in the range 25-100% by weight of the solids content of the feed, easily digestible carbohydrates in an amount in the range 0-50% by weight of the solids content in the feed and / or fats in an amount in the range 15-100 % by weight of the feed content of the feed, in an acceptable liquid such as water, plant juice, yeast surface or animal sera such as milk, whey, blood serum or whole blood or soluble substances from fish, one or more of the constituents of the liquid feed being wholly or partially hydrolyzed, and the solid feed comprises less digestible carbohydrates, such as cellulose or hemicellulose, and which constitute at least approx. 30% of the solids content, preferably at least 60% of the feed content of the feed and non-proteinaceous nitrogenous compounds such as urea, ammonium compounds, nitrates, etc., comprising at least approx. 1%, preferably at least approx. 1.5% of the tar content in the feed. 2. Fremgangsmâde ifalge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at fedtstofferne er i emulgeret form.A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the fats are in emulsified form. 3. Fremgangsmâde ifalge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det flydende foder har en pH-værdi pâ under 6, fortrinsvis under 5, især mindre end 4,5.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid feed has a pH value below 6, preferably below 5, especially less than 4.5. 3. Iodtallet af mælken kan vises soin folger; Komposition Gruppe I II III 5 1 33,6 44,9 49,7 2 39,5 52,9 54,8 Gmsn. 36,55 48,90 52,25 Det fremgâr af tabellen, at der er en direkte og signifikant sammen-10 hæng mellem mængden af polyumættede fedtsyrer i det flydende foder og iodtallet af mælken fra keer, som er fodret i overensstemmelse med splitfeeding-metoden (iodtallet af mælk fra traditionelt fodrede koer er ca. 25 om vinteren og 35 ont sommeren). Ud fra dette forsog kan det konkluderes, at 1. keer ikke har nogen âbenbare problemer med at fordoje og absorbere de fedtstoffer, som passerer direkte til lebemaven; 2. mælkens samlede kemiske sammensætning pâvirkes kun i let grad af inkorporeringen af polyumættede fedtsyrer i foderet; og 3. indholdet af polyumættede fedtsyrer i mælken kan pâvirkes di- 20 rekte ved at inkorporere kilder til polyumættede fedtsyrer i det flydende foder, som gives til keer i overensstemmelse med splitfeeding-metoden.3. The iodine number of the milk may appear soin following; Composition Group I II III 5 1 33.6 44.9 49.7 2 39.5 52.9 54.8 Gmsn. 36.55 48.90 52.25 The table shows that there is a direct and significant correlation between the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liquid feed and the iodine number of milk from times fed in accordance with the splitfeeding method (The iodine number of milk from traditionally fed cows is about 25 in winter and 35 in summer). From this experiment it can be concluded that the 1st time has no apparent difficulty in digesting and absorbing the fats which pass directly to the lip stomach; 2. The overall chemical composition of the milk is only slightly affected by the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into the feed; and 3. the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk can be directly affected by incorporating sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liquid feed which are given at times in accordance with the splitfeeding method. 4. Fremgangsmâde ifalge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det flydende foder yderligere er ble-30 vet suppleret med aminosyrer, fx lysin og methionin, vitaminer, især E-vitamin, makromineraler sâsom P, K, Na, Ca, Mg eller S, sporele-menter sâsom Co, Cu, Se, Zn, Va, I, F, Mn, etc., vækstfremmende midler sâsom antibiotika, kuprisulfat eller carboxylsyrer sâsom citron- , æble-, propion- eller fumarsyre eller hormoner sâsom astroge-35 ner eller steroider. DK 156410 BMethod according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid feed has been further supplemented with amino acids, for example lysine and methionine, vitamins, in particular vitamin E, macrominerals such as P, K, Na, Ca, Mg or S, trace elements such as Co, Cu, Se, Zn, Va, I, F, Mn, etc., growth promoters such as antibiotics, cupric sulfate or carboxylic acids such as citric, apple, propionic or fumaric acid or hormones such as estrogens or steroids. DK 156410 B 5. Fremgangsmàde ifolge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det flydende foder yderligere er ble-vet suppleret med midler, soin regulerer det flydende foders rheolo-giske egenskaber, sâledes at der opnâs en haj ere viskositet deraf, 5 sâsom kartoffel-, roe-, æble- eller citruspulp, hydrotermisk behand-let korn eller fro sâsom byg, majs, havre eller hvede, eller horfro, og mineraler med en haj absorptionsevne sâsom lerarter, kaolin, bentonit, diatoméjord, kolloidt siliciumdioxid eller silikater.5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid feed has been further supplemented with agents, so as to regulate the rheological properties of the liquid feed so that a higher viscosity thereof is obtained, such as potato, beetroot and pulp. , apple or citrus pulp, hydrothermally treated grain or seeds such as barley, maize, oats or wheat, or horfro, and shark-absorbing minerals such as clays, kaolin, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, colloidal silica or silicates. 6. Fremgangsmàde ifolge krav 1, 10 kendetegnet ved, at foderet indeholder a) et flydende foder omfattende de letfordajelige carborihydrat-eller proteinholdige bestanddele af foderafgreder, og b) et fast foder, som omfatter de celluloseholdige eller fibrose bestanddele af foderafgroder.Method according to claim 1, 10, characterized in that the feed contains: (a) a liquid feed comprising the readily digestible carbohydrate or proteinaceous components of feed crops; and (b) a solid feed comprising the cellulose-containing or fibrosis components of feed crops. 7. Fremgangsmàde ifelge krav 6, kendetegnet ved, at de to typer foder er blevet opnâet ved at presse friske grenne foderafgroder eller andre friske foderaf-groder sâsom rodder eller rodknolde og adskille den resulterende saft (som skal anvendes som flydende foderbestanddel) fra pressekagen 20 (som skal anvendes som fast foderbestanddel).Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the two types of feed have been obtained by pressing fresh branch feed crops or other fresh feed crops such as roots or tubers and separating the resulting juice (to be used as liquid feed ingredient) from the press cake 20 (to be used as a solid feed ingredient). 8. Fremgangsmàde ifelge krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at dispenseranordningen til det flydende foder er forsynet med en sut.Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the liquid feed dispenser device is provided with a teat. 9. Fremgangsmàde ifolge krav 7 eller 8, 25 kendetegnet ved, at bollerendens refleks forstærkes ved, at der tilvejebringes yderligere stimuli af akustisk, sansemæssig, visuel, elektrisk, mekanisk, kemisk eller termisk art, anvendt enten séparât eller som en kombination af en eller flere af disse stimuli.Method according to claims 7 or 8, 25, characterized in that the ball end reflex is amplified by providing additional stimuli of acoustic, sensory, visual, electrical, mechanical, chemical or thermal nature, used either separately or as a combination of one or the other. several of these stimuli. 10. Indelukke til at huse drovtyggere, der fodres ved fremgangsmâden 30 ifolge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det omfatter en dispenserariordning til flydende foder, som er forsynet med organer til at tildele flydende foder til en drovtygger og udlobsorganer, som er tilpasset til at DK 156410 B er anbragt i enhejde i det væsentlige over skulderhoj den pâ de drev-tyggere, som skal huses i indelukket.Enclosure for housing ruminants fed by the method 30 according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a liquid feed dispensing arrangement provided with means for allocating liquid feed to a ruminant and outlet means adapted to: DK 156410 B is disposed at a height substantially above the shoulder height of the chewing gum to be housed in the enclosure. 11. Indelukke ifelge krav 10, kendetegnet ved, at tilforselsorganeme omfatter en behol-5 der til flydende foder, som stâr i forbindelse med udlebsorganerne, og afmâlingsorganer til afmâling af den specifikke dosis flydende foder, som skal tilfores til drevtyggeren.The enclosure according to claim 10, characterized in that the feeding means comprise a liquid feed container which communicates with the discharge means and metering means for measuring the specific dose of liquid feed to be fed to the driver. 12. Indelukke ifelge krav 10 eller il, k e n d e t e g n e t ved, at udlobsorganerne omfatter en sutlig-10 nende del.12. Enclosing according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the outlet means comprise a further portion. 13. Indelukke ;ifaOige et hvilket som helst af kravene 10-12, k e n d e t e g m æ -t ved, at det endvidere omfatter et drejeligt manteret skjo’ld, som definerer en âbning deri, idet skjoldet er bevæ-gel'igt mellem ten .beskyttende stilling, hvor udlobsorganerne er dækket 15 af skjoldet, og en afdækkende stilling, hvor udlsbsorganerne strækker sig ud gennem âbningen i skjoldet og er afdækket for dravtyggerne i indelukket.13. Enclosure according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that it further comprises a swivel-mounted shield which defines an opening therein, the shield being movable between the protective. a position in which the discharge means are covered by the shield and a covering position in which the discharge means extends through the opening in the shield and is exposed to the gutters in the enclosure.