DK153307B - Laminat indeholdende et toppet ark - Google Patents
Laminat indeholdende et toppet ark Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK153307B DK153307B DK102274AA DK102274A DK153307B DK 153307 B DK153307 B DK 153307B DK 102274A A DK102274A A DK 102274AA DK 102274 A DK102274 A DK 102274A DK 153307 B DK153307 B DK 153307B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- core
- topped
- sheets
- laminate
- Prior art date
Links
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- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249982—With component specified as adhesive or bonding agent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
- Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
Description
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Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et laminat indeholdende et toppet ark og af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.
I nyere tid er termoplastisk arkmateriale formet til ønskede g former ved varmformningsteknik under anvendelse af differen-tialfluidumtryk, med eller uden mekanisk trækning til at strække arket på eller ind i en form. Sådanne former for form-n i ngsteknik er f.eks. foldni ngsformni ng og vakuumformning. Hensigtsmæssige termoplastiske materialer til disse former for varmformningsteknik har den egenskab, at de er elastiske, når de opvarmes til en temperatur, ved hvilken materialet kan varmformes. Den varme termoplastfilm eller -arket kræver en væsentlig trækning for at strække det, og arket er, medens det er varmt, i stand til at overføre, modstå og fordele trækspæn-dinger således, at trækspændingen ved en formningsproces er i det nærmeste ensartet hen over hele arket og således, at ekstrem lokal fortynding forhindres. Et sådant ark, der trækkes over skarpe fremspring eller ind i dybe snævre hulrum, modtager imidlertid en sådan koncentration af trækspænding, at 2Q sådanne "spidse ender" eller "grupper" hyppigst er de tyndeste områder på en formede genstand. Eksempler på materialer, der er hensigtsmæssige til vakuumformning og en lignende teknik er plastificeret polyvinylchloridfilm, det mod kraftige slag modstandsdygtige polystyrenpolyakrylat og ABS (akryl-2g nitril/en butadien/en styren) arkmateriale.
Visse andre vigtige termoplastiske stoffer savner gummiagtige egenskaber ved højere temperaturer og ark af disse materialer har i stedet for at blive elastiske egenskaber som for en membran af et fluidum med stor viskositet. Materiale med disse 30 egenskaber omfatter polyolefi ner, nyloner, polyethylenterep-thalat, organisk glas og visse syntetiske gummier såsom Krayton® eller Solprene ® 414 (handelsnavne for syntetiske gummiarter). Mange af disse materialer bedømmes som fiberdannende materiale hensigtsmæssige til smeltespinding af fibre.
Disse fluidumsmeltende materialer er ikke godt egnede til vakuumformning og beslægtet teknik, da store lokale tryk har en tendens til at fremkalde en katastrofal lokal udtynding eller 35
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2 bristning. Der er noget paradoksalt i, at materialer, som har en utrolig strækbarhed ved smeltespinding af fibre, optræder så dårlig ved den pneumatiske strækning af film eller folier.
5 I DK-B 133.637 svarende til stamansøgningen, beskrives et med toppe forsynet ark, herefter kaldt et toppet ark, en fremgangsmåde til at fremstille det toppede ark samt en indretning til at gennemføre fremgangsmåden til at fremstille det omtalte ark. Det der fremgår af patentskriftet medtages her som hen-visning til udgangsmaterialerne, der ligger til grund for laminatet ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse.
Det har således vist sig, at man ved at sammenføje, f.eks.
lime, en række ark med en adskillende membran til en plade, kan man frembringe et materiale, der, når det skæres op vin-15 kelret på dets komponentlag, danner et udmærket fjedrende materiale og materiale til udstopning.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår således et laminat, der er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 1 20 anførte.
Beklædningsarket eller -arkene består hensigtsmæssigt af polypropylen, der fortrinsvis er fastgjort til kernearket ved smeltesvejsning.
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Laminatet kan endvidere bestå af et toppet glasark fremstillet ifølge et eller flere af kravene ifølge DK-B-136.637, hvorved et toppet ark af glas er bundet til ark af glas, specielt natronglas.
30 Øvrige kendetegn for laminatet fremgår af den efterfølgende beskrivelse.
Laminaterne ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse har to eller tre lag og omfatter alternerende lag af beklædningsark og top-35 pede ark. Fortrinsvis skal det flade ark eller beklædningsarket være i stand til at berøre i det væsentlige alle spidserne af fremspringene på den flade af den toppede plade, til hvilken det bindes. Hvis beklædningsarkmaterialet er fleksibelt, 3
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kan arket deformeres til at berøre spidserne af fremspringene, men såfremt der er tale om ubøjelige ark, formes overfladen af beklædningsarkmaterialet fortrinsvis nøjagtigt efter den overflade, der er bestemt ved spidserne af fremspringene af en S flade af den toppede plade. Overfladen af beklædningsarket kan enten være glat, bulet eller tekstureret på en anden måde. Som yderste begrænsning kan tekstureri ngen af beklædningsarket være så dyb, at den i det væsentlige passer til formen af det toppede arks flade.
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Fordele ved laminaterne ved den foreliggende opfindelse i forhold til laminater med den samme tilsyneladende massefylde og fremstillet af lignende ark med anden udformning består først og fremmest i, at laminatets modstand mod deformation er opting mal, og for det andet i, at de tykkere spidser er nemmere at binde til beklædningsarket uden deformering af den toppede plade.
De toppede ark til laminaterne ifølge den foreliggnede opfindelse, kan fremstilles ved hjælp af enhver hensigtsmæssig 20 kendt fremgangsmåde. Toppede ark, der ifølge opfindelsen er fremstillet af materiale med gode smeltespindingsegenskaber kan fremstilles som angivet i DK-B 136.637.
Beklædningsarket kan fremstilles af ethvert hensigtsmæssigt 25 materiale som f.eks. metal, glas, papir, træ, puds, gips, plast eller plastbelagt papir.
De fysiske egenskaber af laminaterne ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse afhænger delvis af følgende faktorer: 30 1. Karakterer af de materialer, hvoraf beklædningsarket og det toppede kerneark består.
2. Arkenes tykkelse.
35 3. Udformningen af det toppede kerneark.
4. Arten af binding mellem det toppede ark og beklædningsarket .
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5. Størrelsen af forspændingen, hvis nogen, af det toppede ark før laminering.
6. Antallet af lag, hvoraf laminatet består.
5 I en foretrukken udførelsesform for opfindelsen fremstilles laminaterne af polyethylen eller polypropylen og er bundet sammen ved at svejse de tykkere spidser af fremspringene til beklædningsarket. Denne foretrukne udførelsesform drager fordel af, at spidserne af fremspringene er tykkere end resten af 10 den toppede plade og derfor lettere at punktsvejse til beklæd-ni ngsarket.
I en foretrukken udførelsesform for den foreliggende opfindelse er det toppede kerneark udformet som et dobbelt korruge-15 ret ark eller et siksak korrugeret ark. Denne udformning gør arket særlig modstandsdygtig mod deformering. Modstanden mod deformering og den tilsyneladende massefylde for laminaterne ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse kan forøges ved at sammenpresse det toppede ark før binding til beklædningsarket eller 20 arkene.
Det har vist sig, at laminatet ifølge opfindelsen har den uventede egneskab at være ekstremt let at forme ved foldning af bånd under opvarmning, hvilket gør det egnet til at frem-25 stille hjørner med stor holdbarhed. Desuden kan pladeformede laminater svejses sammen ende-mod-ende, hvilket gør fremstillingen af varer fra disse laminater forholdsvis let beregnet i arbejdsomkostninger.
Laminaterne ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse kan f.eks. be-30 nyttes som erstatning for bølgepap og som tekstilbetræk, væg-og gulvbelægning og som strukturelle byggeplader.
Formede genstande, der nemt kan fremstilles af laminaterne ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse ved foldning med opvarmet 35 bånd, omfatter f.eks. paller, formede understøtninger til rør, vægge til beholdere og møbler.
Laminater, der falder inden for den foreliggende opfindelse, kan fremstilles ved uden binding at lægge et ark af hensigts-
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5 mæssigt materiale mellem et ark af samme eller andet materiale og deformere alle arkene samtidigt ved hjælp af den beskrevne fremgangsmåde. Man har fundet, at når ark af syntetisk gummi såsom Krayton® eller Solprene® lamineres mellem ydre beklæd-5 ningsplader af en polyalken såsom en polyethen, dannes der laminater, hvor lagene er bundet sammen alene ved fremspringenes eller toppenes spidser, og hvor beklædningspladerne i det væsentlige har den samme form som kernearket. Sådanne laminater er af særlig interesse til brug for tekstiler og til væg- og 10 gulvbeklædning.
Bindingen af en termoplastisk kerne til beklædningsark af det samme materiale kan f.eks. udføres på følgende måde: først formes en kerne af polypropylen fra materiale, der er 2,54 mm „ _ tykt, ved at en 25,4 mm dyb formning blev fremstillet ud fra et kvadratisk mønster ved 6,350 mm nålestigning, jf. DK-B-136.637.
For at opnå laminering af de to mod hinanden vendende plader opvarmes de til en temperatur over deres smeltepunkt, især på 20 de inderste flader, der skal berøre toppene. Umiddelbart forud for opvarmningen af beklædningsarkene opvarmedes spidserne af toppene til en temperatur på ca. 120°C eller lige under deformer i ngstemperaturen . Beklædningsarkene og kernen blev nu ført sammen under let tryk og under stadig varmetilførsel via be-25 klædningsarkene. I det citerede eksempel opvarmedes beklædningsarkene over en periode på 95 sek. ved hjælp af i nærheden anbragte stråleopvarmere, der forbrugte 0,215 kW/dm2, og som var anbragt 51 mm fra plaststofferne.
30 I den samme 95 sek. periode var toppene af kernen i direkte berøring med metal varmeplader holdt ved 130°C. Umiddelbart efter dette forvarmningstrin førtes beklædningsarkene og kernen sammen under let sammenspænding ved hjælp af siliconegum-miremme, der var anbragt ud for varme plader ved 190°C og 35 holdt under sammenspænding i yderligere 12 sek., før de blev ført videre til et afkølingsområde, hvor en komprimeret luftstrøm førtes ind imod såvel de indre som de ydre laminatpla der. Et sådant laminat viste sig at være stærkt sammenbundet 6
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hen over hele dets struktur, og at det blev afkølet uden tab af overfladens plane karakter. Ved at variere opvarmnings- og sammenspændingscyklerne fremstilledes laminater med forskellig vægt, tykkelse og afstand ud fra forskellige plaststoffer.
5
De på denne måde fremstillede laminater blev underkastet omfattende fysiske forsøg, og viste sig at have usædvanligt gode egenskaber. Disse sammensatte materialer kan rent praktisk sammenlignes med på to sider hindebelagte skumgummiplader. Det er allerede blevet nævnt, at ved samme massefylde og materiale har produkter af toppede voluminøse former en overlegen trykstyrke .
Laminater med toppet kerneark er stærkere med hensyn til komprimering og forskydning end laminater baseret på skumstof. En 15 væsentlig forbedring med hensyn til styrken hidrører fra andre faktorer af væsentlig betydning. Et piastskumstof kan have meget små celler, f.eks. op til 60.000 pr. cm3. De enkelte cellevægge eller fibriler af så små bobler er særdeles tynde og skrøbelige; disse skumstoffer smuldrer ved gnidning 20 og kan let rives eller skrabes i stykker. Ydre beklædningsbaner kan nemt rives af, når først det mellemliggende skumstof er begyndt at nedbrydes. I de toppede kerner ifølge opfindelsen er den effektive størrelse af cellerne, dvs. afstanden mellem de til fremstilling benyttede nåle i nåleopstillingen, 25 som beskrevet i DK-B-136.637 imidlertid meget grov, og 0,6 til 3 celler pr. cm3 er typisk. Selv om den totale massefylde for den toppede kerne kan svare til massefylden af et skumstof med fine celler, betyder den grove struktur, at de individuelle fibriler er stærke stænger eller små rør. Den 30 nødvendige kraft til at skille kerne og beklædningsbaner ad i et laminat med toppet kerne er typisk ti gange den kraft, der er nødvendig til at skille et panel med kerner af skumstof og af tilsvarende vægt. Af disse grunde er en toppet kerneplade enestående velegnet til anvendelse under meget ugunstige be-3 5 tingerlser, som f.eks. anvendelse som en komponent med stor slagstyrke i køretøjer, som paller, som dele af tunge kasser og lignende.
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Laminater med ekstra ydre lag har følgende særlige fordele: Ekstra ydre lag Speciel brug 5--
Med tryk forsynede plastik- Dekorering, avertering osv. hinder af samme art til yderbeklædning og kerne
Papir belagt med plast af Kan trykkes, forstærket styrke 10 samme stof som beklædning reducerede omkostninger, og kerne
Præparerede eller forud Hårdhed, flammemodstandsevne, belagte folier.· metalark modstandsevne mod sollys og præpareret på en tilsvarende vejr. jg måde
Paneler med toppede kerner har i almindelighed meget ringere termisk isolerende egenskaber end tilsvarende plader, hvor man benytter opskummede kerner. Man har imidlertid fundet, at det 2Q er nemt at indfælde fibrøse isolerende stoffer mellem toppene og beklædningen under samlingen.
Paneler med toppede kerner har store bindingsstyrke ved flade-ti1-flade forbindelse. Såfremt de er forseglet langs kanten eller indsættes kant-ti 1-kant, har man fundet, at disse 2 5 paneler nemt er i stand til at modstå hydrauliske kræfter ved at fylde disse paneler med portland cement eller gipsslam. Man kan enten fylde den ene eller begge rummene mellem beklædningspladen og den neutrale akse. Ligamenter eller bånd, elektriske ledere og installationsrør kan anbringes i sådanne 30 strukturer. Fyldning af sådanne plader med hydraulisk cement tilfører masse, giver forbindelsesmidler, forbedrer de akustiske egenskaber og ildmodstanden.
De talrige stærke fibriler eller membraner, der forbinder de 35 ydre beklædningsbaner gennem kernemediet, gør det muligt for disse paneler at holde andre trykformer end hydraulisk tryk. Hvis kanterne forsegles, kan de også tåle pneumatiske tryk.
Det har været muligt at holde tryk på 1,4 kp/cm2 indenfor så-
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6 danne plader fremstillet af polypropylen. Hivs man benytter elastomere, kan pladerne pustes op og dog bevare en forholdsvis flad overflade.
5 Det har nu vist sig at gennemslagne sammensatte materialer baseret på en kaftig, tosidet toppet kerne med vævede eller ikke-vævede stoffer på begge yderflader har en enestående kombination af egenskaber. Sådanne sammensatte materialer beholder stor smidighed og foldeevne: hvis stofferne er strækbare, 10 f.eks. strikkede stoffer, kan hele det sammensatte materiale nemt deformeres og tilpasses buede eller krumme materialer. Trods deres smidighed forbliver laminaternes komprimerings-stryke imidlertid den samme. Disse sammensatte materialer kombinerer således smidighed med stor konstant- og ensartethed af tykkelsen og belastningsevnen. Letvægts- og relativt billigt materiale af denne art kan benyttes som lærred, letvægtsbyggeplader, kraftig teltdug og som en masse, der kan benyttes som udstopning eller overflade ved polstring.
Hvis det med stof eller fiberflader forsynede stof fugtes med 20 en hensigtsmæssig hærdelig væske som f.eks. termohærdende polyester eller epoxyharpiks, cementslam, udstøbelige polyure-thaner, gummilatex osv. med eller uden tilsætning af ekstra fibrøst materiale, opnås armerede ark, paneler, plader eller andre legemer ved hjælp af et med toppe forsynet ark som 25 kerne. På grund af den forøgede takdybde har sådanne genstande i armeret plast en stærkt forøget specifik stivhed. Det er vigtigt at understrege, at grundet kvaliteten af den konstante kernetykkelse, selv når pladen deformeres som et hele, kan man hyppigt fremstille åbenkernede strukturer uden modsvarende 30 forme ved blot at presse det armerede laminat mod en enkelt form ved hjælp af en gummisæk eller en vakuumsæk, osv. På denne måde kan store strukturelt effektive laminater fremstilles til f.eks. konstruktion af både, karosserier, beholdere, tanke, rør med stor diameter, osv.
Til brug ved fremstilling af laminatet ifølge opfindelsen benyttes fortrinsvis de toppede plader beskrevet i DK-B-136.637, der er fremstillet ved den deri beskrevne fremgangsmåde.
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Når gennemslagslaminater specielt skal beklædes med et metal-stof eller et porøst ark, såsom gaze eller metalf i 1igran, kan man benytte en speciel samlemetode. Man har fundet, at metalstoffet f.eks. kan opvarmes ved hjælp af en åben flamme umid-5 delbart før samlingen.
Fremstillingen af gennemslagslaminater vises i fig. 1-8. I fig. 1 vises, hvorledes et forud fremstillet "dobbelt-toppet" kerneark af en termoplast trækkes kontinuerligt mellem opvar-mede plader, medens forud opvarmede belægningsark påføres under kontrolleret tryk. Varme tilføres også lige før samlingen ved opvarmningsorganer, der er anbragt i fremføringsretningen. Beklædningsarkene kan være termop1 ast i ske eller termoplastisk belagte ark, der kan varmsvejses til kernearket, eller beklæd-ningsarkene kan være fibrøse eller permeable.
Fig. 2 viser en svejsning af toppe med en plast til plast og fig. 3 viser et fibrøst ark til topsvejsning, hvor den smeltede top effektivt trænger ind i eller imprægnerer stoffet.
20 Fibrøst beklædte eller gennemslagslaminater kan yderligere be handles ved imprægnering af beklædningsarket af stof med hærdelig harpiks, eventuelt under tilføjning af yderligere fibrøse lag. Hærdningen af denne harpiks frembringer et dobbelt-vægget, armeret plastlaminat med en toppet kerne. Fig. 7 viser 25 et snit gennem sådant laminat med toppene bundet ved gennemslag og med yderligere stof og harpiks tilføjet. Fig. 8 viser en forud i den samme produktionslinie fremstillet kerne, der først beklædes med stof ved gennemslag og derpå forsynes med en hærdende harpiks fra sprøjtedyser og derpå hærdes ved hjælp 30 af plader.
Eksempel 1
Laminater blev fremstillet ifølge den generelle fremgangsmåde, der benyttes til de toppede plader fremstillet som beskrevet i 3 5 eksempel 1-3 ifølge DK-B-136.637.
Et toppet kerneark blev anbragt oven på et beklædningsark, og de to ark blev anbragt med beklædningsarket i berøring med en 10
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varm ilade. ften varme 1^ade blødgjorde beklædningsarket og der dannes en forsegling mellem det toppede ark og beklædningsarket ved et let tryk. Derpå fjernes og afkøledes laminatet. Laminaterne var enten belagt på den ene side alene eller al-5 ternativt belagt på begge sider ved at gentage behandlingen på den modsatte flade.
De således fremstillede laminater fremgår af tabel I.
Tabel I
10 _Kerneark _
Antal af
Kerne- belagte ark flader 15 ifølge af
Materiale Tykkelse eks.nr. Beklædningsark kernearket
Polyethy- 0,254 mm 1 Polyethylenbelagt 1 len papir 0,254 mm 20 " 1 " 2
Polypro- Polypropylen pylen ” 2 0,254 mm 2 ” 1 2 25 Krayton® 2,54 mm 3 Polythylen 2 0,254 mm
Solprene® " 2 Polythylen 1 2,54 mm 3Q Eksempel 2
Man gentog den generelle fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af laminater som beskrevet i eksempel 1 med undtagelse af, at kernearket blev sammentrykket i sideværts retning under forseglingsarbejdsgangen. Laminaterne, der blev fremstillet, havde 35 en større stivhed og en højere tilsyneladende rumvægt.
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Eksempel 3
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Et 2,54 mm ark af Krayton® blev anbragt mellem to ark af 0,25 mm tykt polyethylen, og arkene blev spændt sammen og derefter _ formet ifølge en af fremgangsmåderne forklaret i eksempel 1 i
O
DK-B-136.637. Det opnåede produkt var et tredobbelt laminat, der omfattede en kerne af Krayton®, der på hver flade var bundet ved spidsen af hvert fremspring til et ark af polye-then, hvor arket af polythen var blevet dybtrukket til i det 0 væsentlige den samme form som Krayton® kernearket.
Eksempel 4
Et toppet natronglasark fremstillet som i eksempel 5 i DK-B-136.637 blev på den ene flade bundet til et sort 4,76 mm 15 tykt natronglasark og på den anden flade bundet til et klart 4,76 mm tykt natronglasark og fyldtes sparsomt med epoxyplast i toppene som bindemiddel. Det således fremstillede ark blev forseglet med tape langs alle kanter for at udelukke støv. Dette ark blev derefter afprøvet, og man fandt, at det havde 20 stivhed, en forskydningsstyrke og en trykstyrke af en sådan størrelsesorden, at det blev egnet til brug som et konstruktionselement i bygninger. Der blev også lavet prøver under brug af gennemsigtigt, klart glas.
25 Eksempel 5
En toppet kerne af klart natronglas ifølge eksempel 4 i DK-B-136.637 blev kemisk gjort spejlende før det blev limet til en pladeform, som i eksempel 4. Man opnåede en vægplade med en forbedret termisk isoleringsvirkning og dekorativ 30 effekt.
Eksempel 6
Pladen ifølge eksempel 5 blev forseglet langs kanterne ved 35 hjælp af epoxybundne lukkestrimler, og luften blev suget ud ved hjælp af en sugetap og en ventil. Den resulterende plade med sølvgiinsende toppet kerne havde en K faktor på 0,09 og kunne fungere som en varmeisol ator.
Eksempel 7 12
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Glaskernen ifølge eksempel 5 i DK-B-136.637 forsynedes med flade toppe på den i eksempel 10 for plaststofferne beskrevne _ måde ved omhyggeligt at opvarme toppene og ved at presse disse mellem stålplader smurt med grafit. Produktet havde forøget styrke og virkede visuelt tiltrækkende.
Eksempel 8 10 For at konstruere et stor, svagt rundet, cylindrisk, sammensat legeme blev den frie ende af en dobbelt-toppet laminatstrimmel, der var 152 mm bred og 427 cm lang, fastgjort til en enkel drejelig spindel i form af en trimme med en diameter på 305 mm.
15
Nabostillet til spindelen var der en strimmel på 30 mesh præparat. 6,54 cm2 kobbertrådnet, der var 152 mm bredt og 427 cm langt, og som kunne føres gennem en flammestribe, der kunne hæve metalnettets temperatur til rødglødvarme ved at blive 2Q ført gennem flammen med en hastighed på 1,5 m/min. Drejning af spindelen fik såvel den toppede kerne som metalstrimmelen til at blive snoet op under lav trækspænding. Der benyttedes en dobbelt-toppet polypropylenkerne trukket fra 2,54 mm bane med en dybde på 25,4 mm og en stigning på 6,4 mm. Ved opsnoning af __ dette system smeltede det rødglødvarme metalnet, der vejede 2 5 ca. 1,2 kg/m2, først hver top, som det kom i berøring med, men dets begrænsede varmeindhold blev straks ledt bort, og systemet afkøledes som et koncentrisk laminat, til hvilket yderligere lag hele tiden blev tilføjet, indtil materialerne var fuldt 30 opviklede på spindelen som et sammensat legeme bestående af fire cylindriske lag som en "roulade".
På lignende måde kan små stumper af metalnet, der holdes i tænger, opvarmes ved hjælp af en flamme og benyttes som et hurtigt bindingsmiddel for underenheder af stive eller ela-
3 S
stomere, toppede kernematerialer.
Eksempel 9 13
DK 153307 B
Et 20 mm tykt laminat, der på begge sider var beklædt med et 1 mm tyk polyethylenark, og med en polyethylenkerne baseret på 3 5 mm tykke ark, og som var blevet toppet ved hjælp af til hinanden passende kvadratmønstre af rækker nåle med en indbyrdes afstand på 8 mm, blev opvarmet på kun den nedre side langs en lige zone, der var 24 mm bred, ved hjælp af et afskærmet stråleopvarmningsorgan. Hele opvarmningscyklen tog 20 sek., og 10 overfladen nær ved opvarmningsorganet smeltede først, hvorpå der fulgte en fremadskridende deformering af de toppe, der var svejset til den pågældende flade. Opadrettet krympning af de nedre dele af toppene fremkaldte en indtrukken "varm kærv", hvorpå laminatet blev løftet fra opvarmningsorganet og bøjet 15 90°, idet de uopvarmede dele benyttedes som hængselsflige.
Efter afkøling viste det sig, at det bøjede laminat var stærkt og modstandsdygtigt mod yderligere deformation.
Eksempel 10 20
To prøver af det laminat, der benyttedes i eksempel 9, blev opvarmet langs en kant ved hjælp af et afskærmet stråleopvarmeorgan. De varme kanter blev skubbet sammen, og man lod dem køle. Man opnåede herved en stærk enede-ti1-ende 25 svejsning mellem to prøver af laminatet.
Eksempel 11 "Gennemslags"-laminater blev tilberedt ved at anbringe fibrøse ark på en toppet kerne, hvorefter en varm plade pressedes imod 30 denne enhed tilstrækkeligt længe til at smelte og udfladige spidserne af toppene, således at det smeltede plast trængte ind i berøringsområderne, hvorpå enheden køledes til bindingen var hærdet. En lang række forskellige kerner blev bundet til fibrøse eller porøse ark, som vist i tabel II. Den toppede 35 kerne var fremstillet ifølge eksempel 1 i DK-B-136.637.
DK 153307 B
14
TIPI] II
Kerne Beklædning(er) Bemærkning 5---
Form
To-toppet,kvadratisk Hver variant beklædt Disse lamina- gitter, 1,52 mm stigning med 200 mesh tråd- ter var net af rustfrit stål; stærkt bundet
Trækningsdvbde fibersilke; 28,35 g til hinanden 3,18 mm, 6,35 mm, glasfibervæv; på uden at punk- 10 9,53 mm. begge sider tere den top pede kerne.
Materiale
Polyethylen med lille massefylde,
Polyethylen med stor massefylde, 15 polypropylen, alle med en tykkelse på 1,01 mm
Form
Enkelt-toppet, hexagonalt Hver variant blev Disse lamina- gitter, belagt på den toppede ter havde en 6,35 mm stigning side med 0,020 bronze mindre bøje- 20 tråd mesh; fint vævet lighed
Trækningsdvbde linned; fint strikket 12,7 mm, 19,1 mm, 25,4 mm stof; 10 mesh glasfiberlærred
Materiale
Polypropylen, styren med høj slagstyrke, begge 25 3,810 mm tykke
Form
To-toppet, kvadratisk Hver variant blev Laminaterne gitter, 6,35 mm stigning beklædt med: var bøjelige middeltungt glasfi- og havde et
Trækningsdybde berklæde; polyester- behageligt 30 12,7 mm, 19,1 mm, 25,4 mm fibret let ravndug; greb;polyethy- 50 mesh trådnet; len og de
Materiale groft nylonstrikket strikkede
Polypropylen,polyethylen materiale stoffer,stift med lav massefylde,begge og læderagtigt trukket ud fra en i polypropylen 3,810 mm tyk bane og enkeltvævet 35 _I__
De ifølge det ovenstående fremstillede gennemslagslaminater 15
DK 153307B
kan benyttes som kerner i stive laminater. Gennemslagslaminater med en kerne, der er dannet ud fra en form med et totoppet, kvadratisk gitter med 6,4 mm stigning af 2,54 mm tyk polypropylen og trukket til en dybde på 19,1 mm og lamineret 5 til glasfiberklæde, blev ved hjælp af klæbemidler bundet til krydsfiner, træfiberplade, vinduesglas, støbte acrylplader og pladestål. I hvert tilfælde opnåedes en stærk binding mellem kernen og beklædningspladen.
10 Eksempel 12
Prøver på alle laminater (med undtagelse af de, der var beklædt med et metallag) vist i tabel II, fugtedes med en flydende, termohærdende polyesterharpiks, for at hærde ved stuetemperatur. I hvert tilfælde blev stoflaget til et hårdt 15 skind. Desuden blev prøver af alle de sammensatte legemer, der var belagt med fiberglasvæv eller vævede stoffer af fiberglas nævnt i tabel II gjort fugtige med flydende epoxyplast, der var katalyseret på en hensigtsmæssig måde, og to ekstra lag af et stof af vævet glasfiber blev tilføjet og derpå imprægneret 20 med den samme epoxyplast. Laminaterne blev sammenspændt mellem polerede plader beklædt med cellofan og hærdet i 1 time i en ovn ved 70°C. I hvert tilfælde opnåedes stærke plader bestående af to glasforstærkede plastplader, der var bundet til og holdt med indbyrdes afstand fra hinanden ved hjælp af den udfladede, 25 toppede gennemslagskerne.
Endelig blev en prøve af 25,4 mm polypropylen med to-toppet kerne beklædt på begge sider med strikket nylon (det sidste eksempel i tabel II), og fugtet med polyesterplast, sprøjtet 30 med fiberglasforgarn med en vægt på 260-270 g/m2 og gjort fugtig med yderligere plast. Denne prøve blev holdt udspændt imod en kugleformet overflade af en stor porcelænsdigel og hærdet som et stærkt laminat med krumning.
35 Eksempel 13
Smeltede laminater blev fremstillet ved at benytte den generelle fremgangsmåde beskrevet i eksempel 1 og som vist i den følgende tabel III.
Tabel III
16
DK 153307B
Kerne Beklædning(er) Bemærkning 5
Form
Siksak-mønster kant-til- Hver variant beklædt Tung plade til kant afstand 15,9 mm med polypropylen lastpaller, 2,54 mm osv.
Materiale 3,81 mm
Polypropylen 5,1 mm 5,10 mm 10 Trækni nqsdvbde 19,1 mm, 25,4 mm, 38,1 mm
Form og materiale
Som ovenfor Som ovenfor præpare- Som ovenfor; ret med 0,152 mm modstandsdyg- _ Trækningsdvbde aluminiumfolie tigt mod 25.4 mm sollys og flamme
Form og materiale
Som ovenfor Som ovenfor med Benyttes til glasfiberlærred i meget kraftig 20 Trækningsdvbde stedet for folie som belastning 25.4 mm forstærkning
Form
To-toppet, kvadratisk Hver variant beklædt Beholder og mønster, 9,5 mm stigning med 5,1 mm tyk camping- 25 polypropylen på begge vognsvægge,
Materiale sider byggeplader
Polypropylen 5,1 mm T rækni ngsdvbde 38,0 mm, 51,0 mm 30 35 17
DK 153307B
Tabel III (fortsat)
Kerne Beklædning(er) Bemærkning 5
Form
Som ovenfor Hver variant var SIagmodstands- beklædt med samme dygtig plade
Materiale materiale som til udpol-
Polyethylen med lav kernen string af massefylde 2,540 mm biler og stød- dæmpende
Trækni nqsdvbde emballage 19,1 mm, 25,4 mm
Form
To-toppet, kvadratisk Hver variant beklædt Forskellige mønster 5,1 mm med det samme mate- lette til 15 riale som kernen, middelkraftige
Materiale 10,16 mm, 15,24 mm, emballagepla-
Polypropylen 6,35 mm 20,32 mm tyk der, idet pla- 10,16 mm, 15,24 mm derne af poly- ethylen er polyethylen 10,16 mm, "seje", og de 15,24 mm, 2,540 mm af polypropy- 2o len er stive T rækni ngsdybde 6,4 mm, 12,7 mm, 19,1 mm
Form
Som ovenfor Beklædt på den ene Tæppeunderlag side med 20,32 mm og polstringstyk Krayton® plader 25
Materiale Krayton® gummi 2,540 mm tyk
Trækningsdybde 12,7 mm 35 30 ---
DK 153307 B
18
Tabel III (fortsat)
Kerne Beklædning(er) Bemærkning 5 Form
Siksak-mønster kant-ti 1- Beklædt på begge si- Yderst volumi-kant 51 mm afstand der med polyethylen nøst pakkema- med lille massefylde teriale med
Materiale 1,01 mm tyk lille masse-
Polyethylen med lav fylde til skøre massefylde 2,032 mm, genstande 3,048 mm
Trækninqsdvbde 101 mm
Som ovenfor i Krayton® Beklædt på begge si- Oppustelig med 3,18 mm der med Krayton® kanterne for- 15 1,52 mm tyk seglet ved fremsti 11 i ngen
Form
To-toppet, kvadratisk Beklædt på begge si- Billigt laminat mønster 6,35 mm der med polyethylen til færdigtryk 20 belagt Kraft-papir eller fortryk
Materiale Papir 0,51 mm
Polyethylen med lav mas- Hinde 0,051 mm sefylde 1,524 mm
Trækninqsdvbde 19,1 mm 25 ______
Alle de ovennævnte prøver blev foldet og svejset ende-ti1-ende ved hjælp af fremgangsmåden ifølge eksempel 9 til at lave prø-vepaller, -kasser og "foldede" plader.
30 Eksempel 14
Der blev fremstillet laminater ved at fremstille stærkt spigrede enkelt-toppede ark og "sømme” dem på letvægtskerner, idet de spigeragtige toppe fungerede som et "rammesøm". På denne __ måde fremstillede man sandwich-elementer med spændt yderbe- o 5 klædning på begge sider uden at kræve hverken klæbemidler eller tørretid. De fremstillede prøver fremgår af tabel IV.
Claims (5)
1. Laminat, kendetegnet ved, at det består af et smelte-spindbar termoplastisk toppet kerneark, der består af en serie hule fremspring, som stikker ud til en eller begge 35 sider fra arkets midterplan, og hvor fremspringenes ydre spidser ved de ender, der er længst fra midterplanet, er lukkede, og enderne af fremspringene i midterplanet er åbne, og hvor de ydre spidser af hvert fremspring er tykkere end den DK 153307B del af arket, dér forbinder de ydre spidser, hvor fremspringene danner en serie af markante toppe, hvor forholdet mellem toppens højde og toppens største tværsnitsdimension er større end 2:1, og at den ene eller begge sider af den toppede kerne 5 omfatter et beklædningsark, der er bundet ved toppenes spidser .
2. Laminat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at be klædningsarket er af polypropylen. 10
3. Laminat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at kernearket er af glas.
4. Laminat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at be klædningsarket er af glas. 15
5. Laminat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at be klædningsarket er af metal. 25 30 35
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPA721071 | 1971-11-29 | ||
AUPA721071 | 1971-11-29 | ||
AUPA820672 | 1972-03-08 | ||
AUPA820672 | 1972-03-08 | ||
AUPA859872 | 1972-04-13 | ||
AUPA859872 | 1972-04-13 | ||
AUPA952372 | 1972-06-29 | ||
AUPA952372 | 1972-06-29 | ||
ZA7309167 | 1973-12-03 | ||
ZA00739167A ZA739167B (en) | 1971-11-29 | 1973-12-03 | Laminate |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK153307B true DK153307B (da) | 1988-07-04 |
DK153307C DK153307C (da) | 1989-01-09 |
Family
ID=27507326
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK596172A DK136637C (da) | 1971-11-29 | 1972-11-29 | Toppet plade eller bane af termoplastisk materiale og fremgangsmaade og apparat til fremstilling deraf |
DK102274A DK153307C (da) | 1971-11-29 | 1974-02-26 | Laminat indeholdende et toppet ark |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK596172A DK136637C (da) | 1971-11-29 | 1972-11-29 | Toppet plade eller bane af termoplastisk materiale og fremgangsmaade og apparat til fremstilling deraf |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US3955019A (da) |
JP (2) | JPS5222024B2 (da) |
AR (1) | AR196102A1 (da) |
AU (1) | AU460849B2 (da) |
BE (1) | BE792077A (da) |
CA (2) | CA1016716A (da) |
CH (1) | CH573295A5 (da) |
DD (1) | DD102955A5 (da) |
DE (1) | DE2463067A1 (da) |
DK (2) | DK136637C (da) |
FR (1) | FR2162034B1 (da) |
GB (2) | GB1420929A (da) |
NL (1) | NL160512C (da) |
SE (3) | SE398462B (da) |
ZA (1) | ZA739167B (da) |
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US3724673A (en) * | 1970-08-28 | 1973-04-03 | Gen Electric | Textured membranes for blood dialyzers oxygenators and the like |
US3864446A (en) * | 1972-06-12 | 1975-02-04 | Plastic Tubing | Method of converting corrugated pipe molding machine |
US3902348A (en) * | 1974-04-15 | 1975-09-02 | Jesse R Hale | Method for forming superplastic and super ductile metal alloys |
-
0
- BE BE792077D patent/BE792077A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1972
- 1972-11-06 AU AU48569/72A patent/AU460849B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-10 GB GB5206472A patent/GB1420929A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-22 CA CA157,169A patent/CA1016716A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-28 DD DD16785272A patent/DD102955A5/xx unknown
- 1972-11-28 FR FR7242305A patent/FR2162034B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-11-28 NL NL7216093A patent/NL160512C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-28 SE SE7215515D patent/SE398462B/xx unknown
- 1972-11-29 DK DK596172A patent/DK136637C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-29 AR AR24537272A patent/AR196102A1/es active
- 1972-11-29 CH CH1738172A patent/CH573295A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-29 JP JP11971572A patent/JPS5222024B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-11-07 GB GB5159073A patent/GB1420930A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-03 ZA ZA00739167A patent/ZA739167B/xx unknown
-
1974
- 1974-01-11 DE DE19742463067 patent/DE2463067A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1974-02-26 DK DK102274A patent/DK153307C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-04-16 US US05/461,418 patent/US3955019A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-11-06 SE SE7512449A patent/SE419959B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-11-06 SE SE7512448A patent/SE417171B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-04-20 US US05/678,713 patent/US4025599A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-06-10 CA CA254,541A patent/CA1037216A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-12 JP JP13549076A patent/JPS5252982A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1504901A1 (de) * | 1965-08-03 | 1970-07-30 | Sp Kb Oboru Promyshlennostroit | Hohlplatten-Herstellungsverfahren und Einrichtung zu seiner Durchfuehrung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL160512C (nl) | 1979-11-15 |
JPS543909B2 (da) | 1979-02-28 |
SE7512449L (sv) | 1975-11-06 |
DD102955A5 (da) | 1974-01-05 |
GB1420929A (en) | 1976-01-14 |
DE2463067A1 (de) | 1981-04-23 |
US3955019A (en) | 1976-05-04 |
AU460849B2 (en) | 1975-05-08 |
BE792077A (da) | 1973-03-16 |
GB1420930A (en) | 1976-01-14 |
US4025599A (en) | 1977-05-24 |
DK153307C (da) | 1989-01-09 |
SE419959B (sv) | 1981-09-07 |
FR2162034B1 (da) | 1980-03-21 |
SE398462B (sv) | 1977-12-27 |
JPS5252982A (en) | 1977-04-28 |
DE2258513A1 (de) | 1973-06-07 |
CA1037216A (en) | 1978-08-29 |
JPS5222024B2 (da) | 1977-06-14 |
DK136637C (da) | 1978-04-10 |
AR196102A1 (es) | 1973-11-30 |
DK136637B (da) | 1977-11-07 |
AU4856972A (en) | 1974-05-09 |
DE2258513B2 (de) | 1976-09-23 |
SE417171B (sv) | 1981-03-02 |
ZA739167B (en) | 1975-04-30 |
CA1016716A (en) | 1977-09-06 |
CH573295A5 (en) | 1976-03-15 |
FR2162034A1 (da) | 1973-07-13 |
SE7512448L (sv) | 1975-11-06 |
NL7216093A (da) | 1973-06-01 |
JPS4875678A (da) | 1973-10-12 |
NL160512B (nl) | 1979-06-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PBP | Patent lapsed |