DK152057B - ENZYMOUS PARTICLES, PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE IN DETERGENTS - Google Patents

ENZYMOUS PARTICLES, PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE IN DETERGENTS Download PDF

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DK152057B
DK152057B DK323478A DK323478A DK152057B DK 152057 B DK152057 B DK 152057B DK 323478 A DK323478 A DK 323478A DK 323478 A DK323478 A DK 323478A DK 152057 B DK152057 B DK 152057B
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enzyme
particles
weight
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Pieter Karel Bogerman
Petrus Johannes Eygermans
Antoon Gerardus Van Velzen
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Gist Brocades Nv
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  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
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Description

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Opfindelsen angår smidige og ikke-støvende enzymholdige partikler ejendommelige ved det i krav l's kendetegnende del anførte. Endvidere angår opfindelsen en fremgangsmåde til partiklernes fremstilling og partiklernes anvendelse som bestanddel i vaskemidler .The invention relates to flexible and non-dusty enzyme-containing particles characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the particles and the use of the particles as a component in detergents.

Som enzymer i de omhandlede partikler er der navnlig tale om de enzymer, som sædvanligvis anvendes i vaskemidler, og desuden enzymer anvendt til andre formål, f.eks. i farmaceutiske præparater .In particular, the enzymes in question are those enzymes commonly used in detergents, and also enzymes used for other purposes, e.g. in pharmaceutical preparations.

Enzymer er blevet anvendt i vaskemidler i adskillige år.Enzymes have been used in detergents for several years.

Et af problemerne ved dannelse af enzymatisk aktive vaskemidler er imidlertid den kendsgerning, at der under fremstilling af det enzymatiske vaskemiddel dannes enzymstøv. Dette er ubehageligt for de folk, som arbejder med enzymmaterialet, og somme tider forekommer der hudirritationer og allergiske reaktioner.However, one of the problems with the formation of enzymatically active detergents is the fact that during the preparation of the enzymatic detergent enzyme dust is formed. This is uncomfortable for the people who work with the enzyme material, and sometimes there are skin irritations and allergic reactions.

Støvning af enzymet kan i væsentlig grad undgås ved at bringe enzymet på anden form end pulverform, som er den form, i hvilken det normalt fås. Dette gøres med fordel ved at bringe enzymet i en fast partikelform. Fra dansk patentansøgning nr. 3696/71 kendes en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et enzympræparat bestående af sfæriske enzymholdige pellets, ud fra en.blanding af 75-97% enzymholdigt pulver og 25-3% vand, ved en sfæroniserings-proces, der gør brug af en rotationshastighed på op til ca. 2000 rpm i et apparat, hvori centrifugal- og friktionskræfter virker på nævnte pellets, hvorefter de herved vundne sfæriske, faste partikler eventuelt tørres i et fluidiseringslag. Det er nødvendigt at tilsætte vand for at gennemføre ekstruderingsprocessen. De vundne sfæriske enzympræparater kan belægges, fortrinsvis med en vokstype, der imidlertid skal være vandojoløselig eller disperger-bar. Blandt andre forbindelser er polyethylenglycol 1000-6000 nævnt som eksempel på et egnet belægningsmateriale. Et organisk kohæsivt og/eller smørende middel kan også sættes til de materialer, der skal ekstruderes og sfæroniseres. Polyethylenglycoler er nævnt som egnede smøremidler, og dextrin, polyvinylpyrrolidon og polyvinylalkohol er nævnt som kohæsive midler.Dust of the enzyme can be substantially avoided by bringing the enzyme into a form other than powder form, which is the form in which it is normally obtained. This is advantageously done by bringing the enzyme into a solid particle form. Danish Patent Application No. 3696/71 discloses a process for preparing an enzyme preparation consisting of spherical enzyme-containing pellets, from a mixture of 75-97% enzyme-containing powder and 25-3% water, in a spheronization process which uses of a rotational speed of up to approx. 2000 rpm in an apparatus in which centrifugal and frictional forces act on said pellets, after which the spherical solid particles thus obtained are optionally dried in a fluidization layer. It is necessary to add water to complete the extrusion process. The spherical enzyme compositions obtained can be coated, preferably with a wax type, which, however, must be water-insoluble or dispersible. Among other compounds, polyethylene glycol 1000-6000 is mentioned as an example of a suitable coating material. An organic cohesive and / or lubricant may also be added to the materials to be extruded and spheronized. Polyethylene glycols are mentioned as suitable lubricants and dextrin, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol are mentioned as cohesive agents.

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Kasein, magert mælkepulver og polyvinylpyrrolidon har en stabiliserende indvirkning på enzymer. Ifølge nævnte patentansøgning kan enzympræparaterne også pudres med et uorganisk oxid, såsom titan-dioxid, eller et uorganisk salt for at hindre klumpdannelse af det granulære slutprodukt. Det lave fugtighedsindhold i de således fremstillede enzympræparater, forårsaget af tørring eller fordampning af fugtighed under lagring, har imidlertid en ugunstig indvirkning på deres smidighed„ Partiklerne viser sig at være temmeligt skøre i praksis.Casein, lean milk powder and polyvinylpyrrolidone have a stabilizing effect on enzymes. According to said patent application, the enzyme preparations can also be powdered with an inorganic oxide such as titanium dioxide or an inorganic salt to prevent clumping of the granular final product. However, the low moisture content of the enzyme preparations thus produced, caused by drying or evaporation of moisture during storage, has an adverse effect on their flexibility. "The particles prove to be rather brittle in practice.

Britisk patentskrift nr. 1.342.116 beskriver en fremgangsmåde, ved hvilken en flydende blanding af enzymet og et bindemiddel, d.v.s. et lavt smeltende ikke-ionisk emulgeringsmiddel, dis-pergeres i dråber ved hjælp af en tandplade og ledes ned i et køletårn, hvor dråberne størkner. På denne måde opnås der et støvfrit produkt, som let formuleres til vaskemidler. Selv om de ifølge dette patentskrift opnåede enzympartikler er gode og kan anvendes uden risiko for støvdannelse, så kan de forbedres for at undgå, at de, hvis mekanisk tryk udøves på partiklerne, såsom trykket fra fødderne af en person, der går over spildte partikler, let bryder ned i mindre partikler og pulver, således at enzympulver fra brudte partikler kan bæres afsted af luftstrømme.British Patent Specification No. 1,342,116 discloses a process by which a liquid mixture of the enzyme and a binder, i.e. a low-melting non-ionic emulsifier, dispersed in droplets by means of a tooth plate and guided into a cooling tower where the droplets solidify. In this way, a dust-free product is obtained which is easily formulated for detergents. Although the enzyme particles obtained according to this patent are good and can be used without the risk of dust formation, they can be improved to avoid those whose mechanical pressure is exerted on the particles, such as the pressure from the feet of a person passing over spilled particles, easily breaks down into smaller particles and powders so that enzyme powder from broken particles can be carried off by air currents.

Gennem de omhandlede enzymholdige partikler er der tilvejebragt smidige enzympartikler, som ikke eller i det væsentlige ikke nedbrydes til pulver, når der udøves mekanisk tryk på dem.Through the present enzyme-containing particles, flexible enzyme particles are provided which do not or substantially do not degrade to powder when mechanical pressure is exerted on them.

Den omhandlede fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af de enzymholdige partikler ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at man homogent blander en mængde (fortrinsvis op til 6Q vægt%, baseret på den totale materialeblanding) af et enzym i tør eller i det væsentlige tør tilstand til opnåelse af den ønskede enzymaktivitet i de dannede partikler, ca. 2Q til ca. 6Q vægt%, baseret på den totale materialeblanding (fortrinsvis ca. 30 til ca. 5Q%)l af et hydrophilt organisk bindemiddel, som er foreneligt med enzymet, ca. 10 til ca. 60 vægt%, baseret på den totale materialeblanding (fortrinsvis ca. 20 til ca. 45%). af et strukturmiddel, som er egnet til anvendelse i enzymmaterialet, og om nødvendigt en lille mængde vand, som er tilstrækkelig til at give et fugtighedsindhold i de dannede partikler på fra 5 til 15 vægt%, at man mekanisk op-The present process for preparing the enzyme-containing particles of the invention is characterized by homogeneously mixing an amount (preferably up to 6% by weight, based on the total mixture of materials) of an enzyme in dry or substantially dry state to obtain the desired enzyme activity in the particles formed, ca. 2Q to approx. 6Q% by weight, based on the total mixture of materials (preferably about 30 to about 5Q%) 1 of a hydrophilic organic binder compatible with the enzyme, approx. 10 to approx. 60% by weight, based on the total material mix (preferably about 20 to about 45%). of a structural agent suitable for use in the enzyme material and, if necessary, a small amount of water sufficient to give a moisture content of the formed particles of from 5 to 15% by weight that

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3 deler den opnåede blanding i partikler, d.v.s. småkugler af ønsket størrelse, og overtrækker partiklerne med et vandskyende middel.3 divides the obtained mixture into particles, i.e. beads of the desired size, and coating the particles with a water repellent.

Det behøver ikke at være nødvendigt at tilsætte vand, hvis fug-tighedsindholdet af bestanddelene er tilstrækkeligt til tilførsel af det nødvendige fugtighedsindhold i slutproduktet. Der kan eventuelt tilsættes en mængde fugtighedsregulerende middel, som er tilstrækkelig til opretholdelse af fugtighedsindhold'et i de dannede partikler på fra ca. 5 til ca. 15 vægt% ved almindelige temperaturer og almindelige værdier for relativ fugtighed.It need not be necessary to add water if the moisture content of the ingredients is sufficient to supply the required moisture content in the final product. Optionally, an amount of humidity regulator may be added which is sufficient to maintain the moisture content of the formed particles of from approx. 5 to approx. 15% by weight at ordinary temperatures and normal relative humidity values.

De i denne beskrivelse og kravene nævnte procentdele er vægtprocent, med mindre andet er angivet.The percentages mentioned in this specification and claims are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Til anvendelse i vaskemidler, kan grundbestanddelene udvælges blandt en stor mængde råmaterialer, da de ikke behøver at kunne forbruges, selv om de fortrinsvis er bionedbrydelige. Til anvendelse i farmaceutiske præparater til oral indgift bør bestanddelene være spiselige og farmaceutisk acceptable.For use in detergents, the basic constituents can be selected from a large amount of raw materials as they do not need to be consumable, although they are preferably biodegradable. For use in oral pharmaceutical preparations, the ingredients should be edible and pharmaceutically acceptable.

De omhandlede enzymholdige partikler er meget nyttige til anvendelse i vaskemidler, hvis enzymerne til dette formål er udvalgt blandt de enzymer, der sædvanligvis anvendes i vaskemidler. Eksempler på sådanne enzymer er proteolytiske enzymer (proteaser), amylolytiske enzymer (amylaser). eller lipolytiske enzymer (lipaser) og blandinger deraf. Eksempler på egnede proteolytiske enzymer er enzymer af bakteriel oprindelse, såsom proteolytiske enzymer fra Bacillusarter, f.eks. B. subtilis, B. licheniformis og B. alcalophilus. hmylolytiske enzymer er fortrinsvis også enzymer af bakteriel oprindelse, såsom amylolytiske enzymer frembragt af Bacillusarter, f.eks. B. subtilis. Nogle bakterier frembringer egnede proteolytiske og amylolytiske enzymer samtidig, Lipolytiske enzymer, der kan anvendes, er fortrinsvis også enzymer af mikrobiel oprindelse. De kan frembringes af Candidaarter, f.eks. Candida cylindraceae. Laktaser er også nyttige. Enzymerne til farmaceutiske præparater er f.eks. en laktase eller glucoamylase.The present enzyme-containing particles are very useful for use in detergents if the enzymes for this purpose are selected from the enzymes usually used in detergents. Examples of such enzymes are proteolytic enzymes (proteases), amylolytic enzymes (amylases). or lipolytic enzymes (lipases) and mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable proteolytic enzymes are enzymes of bacterial origin, such as proteolytic enzymes from Bacillus species, e.g. B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. alcalophilus. Preferably, myylolytic enzymes are also enzymes of bacterial origin, such as amylolytic enzymes produced by Bacillus species, e.g. B. subtilis. Some bacteria produce suitable proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes at the same time. Lipolytic enzymes that can be used are preferably also enzymes of microbial origin. They can be produced by Candidate species, e.g. Candida cylindraceae. Lactases are also useful. The enzymes for pharmaceutical compositions are e.g. a lactase or glucoamylase.

Det hydrophile organiske bindemiddel anvendt til de omhandlede enzymholdige'partikler kan udvælges blandt stivelse- og cellulosederivater, og en foretrukken type stivelsederivat er ace= tyleret amylopektin, kaldet "amylopektingummi". Denne type gummiThe hydrophilic organic binder used for the subject enzyme-containing particles can be selected from starch and cellulose derivatives, and a preferred type of starch derivative is acetylated amylopectin, called "amylopectin gum". This type of rubber

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4 er et amylopektin med en acetyleringsgrad på ca. 5% til ca. 30%. Eksempler på andre nyttige bindemidler er gummi arabicum, dextrin, karayagummi, methylcellulose, tragacanth og andre typer amylopek-tin, såsom methylamylopektin. Visse stivelsehydrolysater (fortrinsvis med DE (dextroseækvivalent) på ca. 30) kan også anvendes.4 is an amylopectin with an acetylation degree of approx. 5% to approx. 30%. Examples of other useful binders are gum arabic, dextrin, karaya gum, methyl cellulose, tragacanth and other types of amylopectin such as methyl amylopectin. Certain starch hydrolysates (preferably with DE (dextrose equivalent) of about 30) may also be used.

Et stivelsehydrolysat kan anvendes som bindemiddel, hvis det har klæbeegenskaber, d.v.s. hvis det indeholder amylopektinderivater.A starch hydrolyzate can be used as a binder if it has adhesive properties, i.e. if it contains amylopectin derivatives.

Det til de enzymholdige partikler anvendte strukturmiddel er fortrinsvis et vandopløseligt carbonhydrat , generelt indeholdende fra 5 til 12 (fortrinsvis 6) carbonatomer. Egnede eksempler på carbonhydrater med 5 carbonatomer, pentoser, er xylose, arabinose, ribose og lyxose. Egnede eksempler på carbonhydrater med 6 carbonatomer, hexoser, er glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose og sorbose. Yderligere kan anvendes disaccharider, normalt med 12 carbonatomer, såsom sucrose, maltrose eller cellobiose. Det mest foretrukne carbonhydrat er glucose. Da glucose krystalliserer temmelig let (og det gør andre carbonhydrater også) kan en del eller al glucose eller andet carbonhydrat erstattes af stivelse hydrolyseret til en vis grad. Et stivelsehydrolysat på ca. 20 til 70 DE, fortrinsvis ca. 30 til ca. 60 DE, anvendes med fordel. Disse stivelsehydrolysater kaldes også glucosesirupper. Fortrinsvis anvendes en mængde på ca. 40% til ca. 70% af den totale vægt af strukturmidlet til at erstatte glucose eller andet carbonhydrat.The structural agent used for the enzyme-containing particles is preferably a water-soluble carbohydrate, generally containing from 5 to 12 (preferably 6) carbon atoms. Suitable examples of carbohydrates with 5 carbon atoms, pentoses, are xylose, arabinose, ribose and luxose. Suitable examples of carbohydrates with 6 carbon atoms, hexoses, are glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose and sorbose. In addition, disaccharides can be used, usually with 12 carbon atoms, such as sucrose, maltose or cellobiose. The most preferred carbohydrate is glucose. Since glucose crystallizes fairly easily (and so do other carbohydrates), some or all of the glucose or other carbohydrate can be replaced by starch hydrolyzed to some degree. A starch hydrolyzate of approx. 20 DEG to 70 DEG, preferably approx. 30 to approx. 60 DE, is used advantageously. These starch hydrolysates are also called glucose syrups. Preferably, an amount of approx. 40% to approx. 70% of the total weight of the structural agent to replace glucose or other carbohydrate.

De foretrukne strukturmidler er glucose, sucrose og stivelsehydrolysat.The preferred structural agents are glucose, sucrose and starch hydrolyzate.

Det bør bemærkes, at stivelsehydrolysater med klæbeegenskaber kan udøve en dobbeltvirkning som klæbemiddel og strukturmiddel.It should be noted that starch hydrolysates with adhesive properties can exert a dual effect as adhesive and structural agent.

Smøremidler kan sættes til enzymblandingen for at lette opdeling af blandingen i partikler med mekaniske midler. Fortrinsvis sættes ca. 2% til ca. 7% (helst ca, 3% til ca. 5%) smøremiddel til enzymblandingen.Lubricants can be added to the enzyme mixture to facilitate partitioning of the mixture into particles by mechanical means. Preferably, approx. 2% to approx. 7% (preferably about 3% to about 5%) of lubricant for the enzyme mixture.

Eksempler på smøremidler, som kan anvendes, er polymere stoffer, såsom polyvinylalkohol, paraffinolie eller voks, stearinsyre og polyvinylpyrrolidon. Også glycerol virker som smøremiddel.Examples of lubricants which may be used are polymeric substances such as polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin oil or wax, stearic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Glycerol also acts as a lubricant.

Et fugtighedsregulerende middel kan som nævnt indføres i enzymblandingen i en mængde tilstrækkelig til opretholdelse af 5As mentioned, a humectant can be introduced into the enzyme mixture in an amount sufficient to maintain 5

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det ønskede fugtighedsindhold. Det er nødvendigt at opretholde et totalt futighedsindhold på ca. 5% til ca. 15%, fortrinsvis ca. 5% til ca. 10%, for at opretholde den smidige beskaffenhed af enzympartiklerne efter deres dannelse. Eksempler på midler, som er nyttige ved opretholdelse af fugtighedsindholdet, er polyoler med 2-6 carbonatomer og 2-4 hydroxygrupper knyttet til forskellige carbonatomer. Eksempler på denne gruppe forbindelser er ethylen-glycol, 1,2- og 1,3-propylenglycol, 1,2-, 1,3- og 2,2-butylengly-col, glycerol og sorbitol. Glycerol og sorbitol anvendes fortrins« vis. For at opretholde det i det foregående nævnte fugighedsind-hold tilsættes ca. 0,5 til ca. 5 vægt%, fortrinsvis ca. 1 til ca.the desired moisture content. It is necessary to maintain a total moisture content of approx. 5% to approx. 15%, preferably approx. 5% to approx. 10%, to maintain the supple nature of the enzyme particles after their formation. Examples of agents useful in maintaining the moisture content are polyols having 2-6 carbon atoms and 2-4 hydroxy groups attached to various carbon atoms. Examples of this group of compounds are ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-, 1,3- and 2,2-butylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol. Glycerol and sorbitol are preferably used. To maintain the moisture content mentioned above, approx. 0.5 to approx. 5% by weight, preferably approx. 1 to approx.

3 vægt%, af det fugtighedsregulerende middel, afhængigt af omstændighederne .3% by weight, of the humectant, depending on the circumstances.

Yderligere kan andre bestanddele sættes til enzymblandingen før dannelse af partikler deraf, f.eks. pigment, såsom titandioxid, eller en optisk lysner. De normalt anvendte mængder er ca. 1 til ca. 10 vægt%, fortrinsvis ca. 3 til ca. 7 vægt%, af pigment, især i tilfælde med titandioxid.Further, other constituents may be added to the enzyme mixture prior to formation of particles thereof, e.g. pigments, such as titanium dioxide, or an optical lighter. The quantities normally used are approx. 1 to approx. 10% by weight, preferably approx. 3 to approx. 7% by weight of pigment, especially in the case of titanium dioxide.

Desuden kan fyldstoffer tilsættes, såsom silica, penicil-liummycelium, celluloseholdigt pulver eller fibre, savstøv og bentonit, i mængder på f.eks. 3-10%. Fyldstofferne kan tilsættes med henblik på strukturel stabilitet af partiklerne, især når materialet skal behandles i store mængder.In addition, fillers such as silica, penicillium mycelium, cellulosic powder or fiber, saw dust and bentonite can be added in amounts of e.g. 3-10%. The fillers can be added for structural stability of the particles, especially when the material is to be treated in large quantities.

Bestanddelene kan blandes sammen i vilkårlig rækkefølge ved stuetemperatur og endog ved forhøjede temperaturer, idet maksimumtemperaturen afhænger af enzymets beskaffenhed.The ingredients can be mixed together in any order at room temperature and even at elevated temperatures, the maximum temperature being dependent on the nature of the enzyme.

Blandingen er et pulver ved almindelige temperaturer, men bliver plastisk ved forhøjede temperaturer og ved påførsel af tryk. Den lavest anvendelige temperatur kan være den, ved hvilken blandingen netop bliver plastisk, og den højeste temperatur er afhængig af enzymets beskaffenhed. Temperaturer på ca, 4Q° til ca. 70°C er sædvanligvis egnede, men i særlige tilfælde kan eller skal andre temperaturer anvendes. Blødgøringen af blandingen kan udføres ved hjælp af en kneader-blander og i princippet en hvilken som helst blander, hvori blandingen blødgøres under milde betingelser (ved lav forskydning!, og fra hvilken den blødgjorte blanding kan udtages portionsvis eller kontinuerligt.The mixture is a powder at ordinary temperatures but becomes plastic at elevated temperatures and by application of pressure. The lowest usable temperature may be that at which the mixture just becomes plastic and the highest temperature depends on the nature of the enzyme. Temperatures of approx. 4Q ° to approx. 70 ° C is usually suitable, but in special cases other temperatures may or may not be used. The softening of the mixture can be carried out by means of a kneader mixer and, in principle, any mixer in which the mixture is softened under mild conditions (at low shear) and from which the softened mixture can be extracted portionwise or continuously.

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Lige efter blødgøring presses den stadigt plastiske blanding gennem en ' pumpe og et strengdannende apparat, f.eks. en gearpumpe og en extruder. Det strengdannende apparat kan onfatte en formplade med et eller flere huller, gennem hvilke strenge af ønsket tværsnit kan dannes, f.eks. tværsnit på ca. 0,5 til ca. 3 iren, fortrinsvis 0,7 til 1,5 irm.Just after softening, the still plastic mixture is pressed through a pump and a string forming apparatus, e.g. a gear pump and an extruder. The strand forming apparatus may comprise a mold plate having one or more holes through which strands of the desired cross-section may be formed, e.g. cross section of approx. 0.5 to approx. 3 µm, preferably 0.7 to 1.5 µm.

De ønskede partikler kan opnås i granuleret form ved afskæring af de dannede strenge. Granuleringsudstyr til dette formål kan anbringes i nogen afstand fra pladen. Granuleringen kan også udføres ved hjælp af skæreudstyr, forsynet med en eller flere bevægelige kanter, der afskærer det extruderede produkt på form-pladen. Skæreudstyret består fortrinsvis af et antal roterende knive på en sådan måde, at knivene afhængigt af beliggenheden af rotationsaksen i forhold til formpladen, bevæger sig enten kontinuerligt eller en gang pr. rotation tværs over fonrpladen.The desired particles can be obtained in granulated form by cutting off the strands formed. Granulating equipment for this purpose can be placed at some distance from the plate. The granulation can also be carried out by cutting equipment, provided with one or more moving edges which cut off the extruded product on the mold plate. The cutting equipment preferably consists of a plurality of rotating blades in such a way that, depending on the location of the rotational axis relative to the mold plate, the blades move either continuously or once per second. rotation across the filler plate.

Det er også muligt at kombinere blødgøring, pumpning og granulering i et enkelt apparat, f.eks. en skrueextruder. Tragten i extruderen er fyldt med en pulverformig blanding, der når den tilføres apparat et, gøres plastisk ved hjælp af varme og tryk frembragt ved hjælp af den roterende skrue. Den sidste del af skruevirkningen er en blanding og trykfrembringelse tilstrækkelig til extrusion gennem en' fontplade med flere huller.It is also possible to combine softening, pumping and granulation in a single apparatus, e.g. a screw extruder. The hopper in the extruder is filled with a powdery mixture which, when applied to the apparatus, is plasticized by heat and pressure generated by the rotary screw. The last part of the screw action is a mixture and pressure generation sufficient for extrusion through a multi-hole font plate.

Blandingens bestanddele kan også i ønsket forhold føres særskilt til passende apparatur, som kombinerer blanding, blødgøring, pumpning og extrusion gennem en fontplade. Et eksempel på sådant udstyr er en dobbelt skrueextruder forsynet med blandeapparatur.The constituents of the mixture can also be fed separately to the appropriate apparatus in a desired ratio, combining mixing, softening, pumping and extrusion through a font plate. An example of such equipment is a double screw extruder fitted with mixing equipment.

Afhængigt af den ønskede størrelse af enzympartiklerne anvendes en plade ned åbninger på ca. 0,5 til ca, 3 nm, fortrinsvis 0,7 til 1,5 irm, men også større eller mindre åbninger kan anvendes i særlige tilfælde. Størrelsen og desuden formen på enzympartikleme afhænger også af hastigheden af skæreknivene, deres antal og sammensætningen af blandingen.Depending on the desired size of the enzyme particles, a plate down apertures of approx. 0.5 to about 3 nm, preferably 0.7 to 1.5 µm, but larger or smaller apertures may also be used in particular cases. Also, the size and shape of the enzyme particles also depend on the speed of the cutting blades, their number and the composition of the mixture.

For at undgå tab af fugtighed overtrækkes de dannede partikler, fortrinsvis med ca, Q,5 til ca. 5 vægt% (afhængig af arten af belægningsmiddel 1 af et vandskyende middel, såsem paraffinolie eller hørfrøolie, flere typer voks, f.eks. jordvoks, cacaofedt, candelillavoks, camaubavoks, ceresinvoks, lanolin, paraffinvoks, bivoks og blandinger deraf. Agglcmerering af partiklerne, der kan forekomme, når de anbringes i sække til transport, kan undgås ved belægning af partiklerne, som allerede er overtrukket som beskrevet i det foregående, med et an-tiklunpningsmiddel, såsom majsstivelse eller andre stivelser, absorberende silica, såsom "AerosiT®, eller talkunpulver.To avoid loss of moisture, the particles formed are preferably coated with about, Q, 5 to approx. 5% by weight (depending on the nature of coating agent 1 of a water repellent, such as paraffin oil or flaxseed oil, several types of wax, e.g., ground wax, cocoa fat, candelilla wax, camauba wax, ceresin wax, lanolin, paraffin wax, beeswax and mixtures thereof. which may occur when placed in sacks for transport may be avoided by coating the particles already coated as described above with an anticliner such as corn starch or other starches, absorbent silica such as "AerosiT®, or talcum powder.

De omhandlede enzymholdige partikler giver ikke eller i det væsentlige ikke anledning til dannelse af enzymstøv. Dannelsen af 7The present enzyme-containing particles do not or substantially do not give rise to enzyme dust formation. The formation of 7

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enzymstøv kan måles ved hjælp af en standardprøvemetode, f.eks. elutriationstesten. Denne prøve er beskrevet i belgisk patentskrift nr. 838125 og udføres med en prøve på 60 gram. Støvets aktivitet måles for protease i DU (Delft enheder, fremgangsmåden er beskrevet i britisk patentskrift nr. 1353317, side 4, linie 114 og følgende).enzyme dust can be measured by a standard test method, e.g. elutriationstesten. This test is described in Belgian Patent No. 838125 and is carried out with a test of 60 grams. The activity of the dust is measured for protease in DU (Delft units, the procedure is described in British Patent Specification No. 1353317, page 4, line 114 et seq.).

Den støvdannelse, som måles ved elutriationstesten, er for de omhandlede enzymholdige partikler under ca. 100 DU, fortrinsvis under ca. 50 DU.The dust formation measured by the elutriation test for the subject enzyme-containing particles is below ca. 100 DU, preferably below approx. 50 DU.

Afhængigt af de betingelser, hvorunder de omhandlede enzymholdige partikler er fremstillet, kan de til anvendelse i vaskemidler have partikelstørrelse på ca. 0,2 til ca. 3 mm, fortrinsvis ca. 0,5 til ca. 1,5 mm, i tværsnit. Til andre formål, f.eks. anvendelse i farmaceutiske præparater indgivet oralt, vil partikelstørrelsen som i normal praksis sædvanligvis være større. Partiklerne er af smidig beskaffenhed og kan deformeres under tryk uden at nedbrydes til pulver og på denne måde forårsage støvdannelse. Imidlertid skal tryk ikke, således som det forekommer i sække fyldt med partikler, deformere partiklerne for meget. Partiklernes smidighed kan tilpasses forskellige sækkes størrélser. I små sække er trykket på partiklerne i sækkenes nederste del mindre end i store sække, og for små sække er kravene til modstand mod deformation mindre strenge end for store sække.Depending on the conditions under which the subject enzyme-containing particles are prepared, for use in detergents, they may have a particle size of approx. 0.2 to approx. 3 mm, preferably approx. 0.5 to approx. 1.5 mm, in cross section. For other purposes, e.g. When used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, the particle size will, as in normal practice, usually be larger. The particles are of a smooth nature and can be deformed under pressure without degrading to powder, thus causing dust formation. However, as it appears in bags packed with particles, pressure should not deform the particles too much. The agility of the particles can be adapted to different sack sizes. In small bags, the pressure on the particles in the bottom of the bags is less than in large bags, and for small bags the requirements for resistance to deformation are less stringent than for large bags.

De vaskemidler, hvori de omhandlede enzymholdige partikler kan anvendes som bestanddel, kan indeholde et eller flere detergen-ser, son sædvanligvis anvendes i enzymatiske vaskemidler, såsem ikke-ioniske og anioniske detergenser, f.eks. natriumbenzensulfonat. Vaskemidlerne indeholder normalt bestanddele, der bl.a. har en blødgørende virkning på vaskevandet, såsom komplekse phosphater, f.eks. natriumtripolyphosphat, natrium-pyrophosphat, eller phosphatfri vandblødgørere, f.eks. nitrilotri-eddikesyre eller dens salte eller natriumcitrat. Andre bestanddele kan tilsættes, feks. vandfri natriumsilikat, svage alkaliske bestanddele, såsom natriumcarbonat, oxiderende midler, såsom natriumperborat fyldstof, såsom natriumsulfat, og andre bestanddele, såsom carboxy-methylcellulose, parfumer, optiske lysnere og pigmenter, såsom titan-dioxid.The detergents in which the subject enzyme-containing particles can be used as a constituent may contain one or more detergents, usually used in enzymatic detergents such as nonionic and anionic detergents, e.g. sodium benzenesulphonate. The detergents usually contain ingredients that has a softening effect on the wash water, such as complex phosphates, e.g. sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, or phosphate-free water softeners, e.g. nitrilotriacetic acid or its salts or sodium citrate. Other ingredients may be added, e.g. anhydrous sodium silicate, weak alkaline components such as sodium carbonate, oxidizing agents such as sodium perborate filler such as sodium sulfate, and other ingredients such as carboxymethyl cellulose, perfumes, optical lighters and pigments such as titanium dioxide.

Sædvanligvis anvendes en mængde enzympartikler fremstillet ved behandling, ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, af et proteolytiskUsually, an amount of enzyme particles produced by the treatment, in the process of the invention, of a proteolytic

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8 enzym til opnåelse af et færdigt vaskemiddel med en proteolytisk aktivitet på ca. 1000 til ca. 3000, fortrinsvis,ca. 1500 til ca. 2500 DU/g. Mængden af detergens anvendt i vaskemidler er sædvanligvis fra ca. 4% til ca. 20%, fortrinsvis ca. 6% til ca. 12%. Mængden af vandblødgøringsmiddel er sædvanligvis ca. 35% til ca. 55%, fortrinsvis ca. 40% til ca. 50%. Mængden af tilbageværende bestanddele er sædvanligvis ca. 1% til ca. 20%, idet fyldstoffet giver 100%. Fremstillingen af vaskemidlet sker på sædvanlig måde. Alle bestanddelene kan blot blandes sammen, eller der fremstilles først en blanding, som indeholder nogle af de bestanddele, der skal tilsættes i lav mængde.8 enzyme to obtain a finished detergent having a proteolytic activity of approx. 1000 to approx. 3000, preferably, approx. 1500 to approx. 2500 DU / g. The amount of detergent used in detergents is usually from ca. 4% to approx. 20%, preferably approx. 6% to approx. 12%. The amount of water softener is usually approx. 35% to approx. 55%, preferably approx. 40% to approx. 50%. The amount of residual constituents is usually approx. 1% to approx. 20%, with the filler yielding 100%. The detergent is prepared in the usual manner. All of the ingredients can simply be mixed together or first a mixture is prepared containing some of the ingredients to be added in low volume.

Opfindelsen beskrives nærmere gennem følgende eksempler.The invention is further described by the following examples.

Eksempel 1 (A) Fremstilling af partikler indeholdende "Maxatase'®.Example 1 (A) Preparation of particles containing "Maxatase".

Følgende bestanddele blev blandet sammen under opvarmning, indtil alle bestanddele var opløst: 1 vægtdel glycerol, 2 vægtdele polyvinylpyrrolidon, 2 vægtdele "Berol"® 80 (C^g-fedtalkoholpolyethylencxid med oa, 80 ethylenoxidenheder).The following ingredients were mixed together under heating until all ingredients were dissolved: 1 part by weight glycerol, 2 parts by weight polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2 parts by weight "Berol" ® 80 (C ^ gt fatty alcohol polyethylene oxide, etc., 80 ethylene oxide units).

Denne blanding blev sat til 26 vægtdele "Maxatase'®- koncentrat med ca. 1,7 MDU/g, og derpå blev tilsat; 5 vægtdele titandioxid, 15 vægtdele glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysat med ca. 43 DE) 15 vægtdele glucose, 33 vægtdele Amylogum CLS-0473 (handelsnavn, acyleret amylopektin fra Avebe, Holland), og ca. 1 vægtdel vand.This mixture was added to 26 parts by weight of "Maxatase "® concentrate with about 1.7 MDU / g and then added; 5 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 15 parts by weight glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate with about 43 DE) 15 parts by weight glucose, 33 parts by weight Amylogum CLS-0473 (trade name, acylated amylopectin from Avebe, The Netherlands), and about 1 part by weight of water.

Det totale fugtighedsindhold i den resulterende blanding var ca. 7%.The total moisture content of the resulting mixture was approx. 7%.

Det hele blev blandet til en homogen pasta ved en temperatur på ca. 65°C og tilført en extruder forsynet med en perforeret plade med åbninger på 1 mm. Extruderen blev yderligere forsynet med 2 roterende skæreknive lige bag den perforerede plade og med en kappe med kølevand eller varmevand efter ønske. Pastaen blev extru-deret ved en temperatur på ca. 65°C, og de extruderede strenge blev 9The whole was mixed to a homogeneous paste at a temperature of approx. 65 ° C and supplied with an extruder fitted with a perforated plate with openings of 1 mm. The extruder was further provided with 2 rotating cutting blades just behind the perforated plate and with a sheath with cooling or heating water as desired. The paste was extruded at a temperature of approx. 65 ° C and the extruded strands became 9

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øjeblikkelig skåret af i små partikler ved hjælp af skæreknivene. Partiklerne blev afkølet på en bakke.immediately cut into small particles using the cutting blades. The particles were cooled on a tray.

De således opnåede partikler med et tværsnit på ca. 2 mm og med en (beregnet) proteolytisk aktivitet på 0,43 MDU/g blev overtrukket med 1 vægtprocent paraffinolie, efterfulgt af 3% majsstivelse. belagt med 1 vægtprocent paraffinolie, efterfulgt af 3% majsstivelse De således opnåede enzymholdige partikler kunne deformeres under mekanisk tryk uden at gå i stykker, men under det tryk, som normalt forekommer i de lavere dele af almindeligt anvendte sække blev partiklerne næppe deformeret mere end nogle få procent.Elutri-ationstesten viste en værdi på 18 DU. .The particles thus obtained having a cross section of approx. 2 mm and with a (calculated) proteolytic activity of 0.43 MDU / g was coated with 1 wt% paraffin oil, followed by 3% corn starch. coated with 1 wt.% paraffin oil, followed by 3% corn starch. The enzyme-containing particles thus obtained could be deformed under mechanical pressure without breaking, but under the pressure normally found in the lower portions of commonly used bags, the particles were hardly deformed more than some. few percent.The Elutration test showed a value of 18 DU. .

(B) Frembringelse af et vaskemiddel.(B) Generating a detergent.

De således opnåede partikler blev anvendt i et vaskemiddel. Følgende bestanddele blev blandet sammen: 54 vægtdele natriumsulfat, 24 vægtdele natriumtripolyphosphat, 6 vægtdele natriumpyrophosphat, 10 vægtdele natriumbiearbonat, 2 vægtdele natriumcarboxymethylcellulose og 4 vægtdele dialkylphenoxypoly(ethylenoxyiethanol.The particles thus obtained were used in a detergent. The following ingredients were mixed together: 54 parts by weight sodium sulfate, 24 parts by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, 6 parts by weight sodium pyrophosphate, 10 parts by weight sodium biorbonate, 2 parts by weight sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 4 parts by weight dialkylphenoxypoly (ethylene oxyethanol).

Efter grundig blanding af bestanddelene til vaskemiddel, blev 0,5 vægtdele enzymholdige partikler (fremstillet som angivet under (A)) tilsat og grundigt blandet sammen med vaskemidlet. Det således opnåede vaskemiddel havde samme vaskeaktivitet som lignende vaskemidler, hvor de enzymholdige partikler var erstattet af en mængde enzympartikler opnået ifølge den i britisk patentskrift nr. 1324116 angivne fremgangsmåde og med samme enzymaktivitet i det endelige vaskemiddel (ca. 2000 DU/g).After thorough mixing of the detergent ingredients, 0.5 parts by weight of enzyme-containing particles (prepared as indicated in (A)) was added and thoroughly mixed with the detergent. The detergent thus obtained had the same detergent activity as similar detergents in which the enzyme-containing particles were replaced by an amount of enzyme particles obtained according to the process disclosed in British Patent No. 1324116 and with the same enzyme activity in the final detergent (about 2000 DU / g).

Eksempel 2Example 2

Fremstilling af enzymholdige partikler med varierende indhold af fyldstof og forskellige belægninger.Preparation of enzyme-containing particles with varying contents of filler and different coatings.

Med udgangspunkt i den i eksempel 1 (A) angivne recept til fremstilling af enzymholdige partikler blev følgende fyldstoffer og belægninger anvendt i de angivne mængder: 10Starting from the recipe set forth in Example 1 (A) for the preparation of enzyme-containing particles, the following fillers and coatings were used in the amounts indicated:

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Fyldstof :: Belægning 1 Belægning 2 Elutriationstest (DU) 5% C 0,5% E 3% G 45 2% A 2,5% E + 2,5% F 2% A 32 2% A 2,5% Ξ + 2,5% F 3% G 18 2% A 0,5% E + 0,5% F 1% A 10 1% A — 1% A 80 /6\ -A - "Aero s il' '972 (et" hydropMlt silica-adsorbensj C = Arbocel C250 (handelsnavn, fint savstøvi D = bentonit E = paraffinolie F = glycerolmonostearat G = majsstivelse oFiller :: Coating 1 Coating 2 Elutriation Test (DU) 5% C 0.5% E 3% G 45 2% A 2.5% E + 2.5% F 2% A 32 2% A 2.5% Ξ + 2.5% F 3% G 18 2% A 0.5% E + 0.5% F 1% A 10 1% A - 1% A 80/6 \ -A - "Aero s il" '972 (et "Hydropyl silica adsorbent C = Arbocel C250 (trade name, fine saw dust D = bentonite E = paraffin oil F = glycerol monostearate G = corn starch o

Tabellen viser, at alle fremstillede enzymhoidige partikler har temmeligtlave elutriationsværdier, idet den bedste er den 4. prøve. Enzympartiklerne blev anvendt i vaskemidler på den i eksempel 1 (B) angivne måde. Vaskemidlerne viste samme vaskeaktivitet som et lignende vaskemiddel indeholdende enzympartikler ifølge britisk patentskrift nr. 1324116.The table shows that all produced enzyme-containing particles have fairly low elutriation values, the best being the 4th sample. The enzyme particles were used in detergents in the manner set forth in Example 1 (B). The detergents showed the same detergent activity as a similar detergent containing enzyme particles according to British Patent Specification No. 1324116.

Den elutriationstest, som er nævnt i det foregående, udføres som følger:The elutriation test mentioned above is performed as follows:

Et leje af enzympartikler udsættes for en luftstrøm på en sådan måde, at de partikler, som har en forud bestemt endelig hastig hed eller derunder, føres med luftstrømmen. Denne fremgangsmåde er en modifikation af den standardelutriationsfcest, som er beskrevet i BS 3406, bind 3, 1963, og udføres i et vertikalt anbragt elutriations-rør indeholdende et støvfilter. De medførte partikler opsamles på filteret og vejes, og deres enzymatiske virkning bestemmes (udtrykt i systemenheder eller Delft-enheder). Hastigheden af hovedluftstrømmen er 0,8 m/sek.A bed of enzyme particles is subjected to an air flow in such a way that the particles having a predetermined final velocity or less are fed with the air flow. This method is a modification of the standard elutriation fester described in BS 3406, Volume 3, 1963, and carried out in a vertically disposed elutriation tube containing a dust filter. The entrained particles are collected on the filter and weighed and their enzymatic action determined (expressed in system units or Delft units). The velocity of the main air flow is 0.8 m / sec.

Eksempel 3Example 3

Fremstilling af enzymhoidige partikler med varierende mængde af andre fyldstoffer.Preparation of enzyme-containing particles with varying amounts of other fillers.

Med udgangspunkt i den i eksempel 1 (A) angivne recept til fremstilling af enzymhoidige partikler blev anvendt følgende fyldstoffer: 2% "Aerosir® '972, 5% og 10% bentonit, 5% penicillinmyceli- -um (opnået ud fra fermenteringsvæsken fra penicillin-G-fermentering). Partiklerne blev belagt med 1% paraffinolie, efterfulgt af 1% "Aerosil^S) 972.Based on the recipe set forth in Example 1 (A) for preparing enzyme-containing particles, the following fillers were used: 2% Aerosir® 972, 5% and 10% bentonite, 5% penicillin mycelium (obtained from the penicillin fermentation liquid (G fermentation) The particles were coated with 1% paraffin oil, followed by 1% Aerosil (S) 972.

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Alle de angivne fyldstoffer viste sig at være anvendelige,, men partiklerne indeholdende 10% bentonit havde tendens til at vær© en lille smule skøre.All of the fillers listed proved to be useful, but the particles containing 10% bentonite tended to be slightly brittle.

Enzympartiklerne blev anvendt i vaskemidler på den i eksempel 1 (B) beskrevne måde. Vaskemidlerne havde samme vaskeaktivitet ses-lignende vaskemidler indeholdende enzympartikler ifølge britisk patentskrift nr. 1324116.The enzyme particles were used in detergents in the manner described in Example 1 (B). The detergents had the same detergent activity seen as detergent containing enzyme particles according to British Patent Specification No. 1324116.

Eksempel 4Example 4

Variation i eksempel l's recept til fremstilling af enzymholdxge partikler.Variation in Example 1's recipe for the preparation of enzyme-containing particles.

Fremstilling af partikler ifølge eksempel 1 (A) blev gentaget med den forskel, at Amylogum CLS-0473 blev erstattet af en tilsvarende mængde Paselli MD-30 (handelsnavn, et stivelsehydrolysat med en DS på ca. 30 fra Avebe, Holland). Partiklerne blev belagt med 1% paraff; n-olie efterfulgt af 1% nAerosil1^ 972.Preparation of particles of Example 1 (A) was repeated with the difference that Amylogum CLS-0473 was replaced by a similar amount of Paselli MD-30 (trade name, a starch hydrolyzate with a DS of about 30 from Avebe, The Netherlands). The particles were coated with 1% paraffin; n-oil followed by 1% nAerosil1 ^ 972.

Ifølge et andet forsøg blev fremstilling af partiklerne gentaget ifølge eksempel 1 (A) , med den undtagelse at "BerpI"'^' £ polyvinylpyrrolidon og glucose ikke blev anvendt, og der i stede! blev anvendt 10 vægtdele bentonit. Alle bestanddelene blev blot-blandet sammen til en temperatur på ca. 65°C, og den resulterende pasta blev extruderet og udskåret i partikler. Partiklerne blev belagt på samme måde som for partikler indeholdende Paselli MB-3GAccording to another experiment, the preparation of the particles was repeated according to Example 1 (A), with the exception that "BerpI" £ poly polyvinylpyrrolidone and glucose were not used and present! 10 parts by weight of bentonite was used. All of the components were blended together to a temperature of ca. 65 ° C and the resulting paste was extruded and cut into particles. The particles were coated in the same way as for particles containing Paselli MB-3G

Begge slags partikler fremstillet ifølge dette eksempel vis·.;® sig at være meget nyttige, og vaskemidler, fremstillet på samme måde som beskrevet i eksempel 1 (B) viste i det væsentlige samme vaske--= aktivitet som lignende vaskemidler indeholdende enzympartikler tf;· -ge britisk patentskrift nr. 1324116,Both types of particles prepared according to this example prove to be very useful, and detergents prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 (B) showed essentially the same washing - = activity as similar detergents containing enzyme particles tf; · British Patent Specification No. 1324116,

Eksempel 5Example 5

Fremstilling af enzymholdige partikler til farmaceutisk brug.Preparation of enzyme-containing particles for pharmaceutical use.

Følgende forskrift blev anvendt til fremstilling af et granulat ifølge opfindelsen.The following specification was used to prepare a granulate according to the invention.

25% glucoamylase (ca. 25.000 U/g), 6,25% invertase (ca. 325.000 SU/g), 45% Amylogum CLS-0473, 20% glucosesirup (stivelsehvdpolysat med ca. 43 DE), 3,75%, glycerol.25% glucoamylase (about 25,000 U / g), 6.25% invertase (about 325,000 SU / g), 45% Amylogum CLS-0473, 20% glucose syrup (starch whey polysate with about 43 DE), 3.75%, glycerol.

i * 12i * 12

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ll

Pulveret blev direkte extruderet gennem åbninger 'på 1 mm i diameter, og extrudatet blev omdannet til granulat. Kornene blev belagt som beskrevet i eksempel 3. Denne type præparat er nyttig til oral indgift til patienter, som lider af carbonhydratmeta-bolisme forårsaget af mangel på invertase, glucoamylase eller iso-maltase.The powder was directly extruded through openings 1 mm in diameter and the extrudate was converted into granules. The grains were coated as described in Example 3. This type of preparation is useful for oral administration to patients suffering from carbohydrate metabolism caused by a lack of invertase, glucoamylase or iso-maltase.

Eksempel 6Example 6

Andre partikler indeholdende "Haxatase'® .Other particles containing "Haxatase".

Følgende forskrift blev anvendt til dette formål: 50% "Maxatase® (2,3 million DU/g), 35% Amylogum CLS-0473, 15% glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysat, ca. 43 DE).The following specification was used for this purpose: 50% Maxatase® (2.3 million DU / g), 35% Amylogum CLS-0473, 15% glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate, about 43 DE).

Denne blanding blev omdannet til korn som angivet i eksempel 5. Efter granulering og belægning som i eksempel 3 blev partiklerne belagt med 5% titandioxid.This mixture was converted to grain as set forth in Example 5. After granulation and coating as in Example 3, the particles were coated with 5% titanium dioxide.

Eksempel 7Example 7

Yderligere fremstilling af partikler indeholdende "Maxatase®.Further preparation of particles containing "Maxatase®.

Følgende forskrift blev anvendt hertil: 45% methylcellulose, 20% "Maxatase’® (2,4 'million DU/g}., 10% glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysat, ca. 43 DE) , 4% paraffinvoks, 5% titandioxid, 2% glycerol, 14% glucose.The following specification was used for this: 45% methylcellulose, 20% "Maxatase "® (2.4 'million DU / g}., 10% glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate, about 43 DE)), 4% paraffin wax, 5% titanium dioxide, 2% glycerol, 14% glucose.

Et granulat blev fremstillet ved den i eksempel 5 beskrevne fremgangsmåde og viste sig at have lignende egenskaber. (Belægning af granulatet blev udført som beskrevet i eksempel 3).A granulate was prepared by the procedure described in Example 5 and found to have similar properties. (Coating of the granulate was performed as described in Example 3).

Eksempel 8 _ (£)Example 8 (£)

Yderligere fremstilling af partikler indeholdende :,I/;axatase,Ke>' Følgende forskrift blev anvendt hertil.Further preparation of particles containing:, I /; axatase, Ke> 'The following specification was used for this purpose.

i 13 DK 152057 B| i 45% gummiarabicum, 20% "Maxatase’® (2,4 million. DU/gJ., 10% glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysåt, ca. 43 DE) , 4% paraffinvoks, 5% titandioxid, 2% glycerol, 14% glucose.in 13 DK 152057 B | in 45% rubber arabic, 20% Maxatase® (2.4 million. DU / gJ., 10% glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate, about 43 DE)), 4% paraffin wax, 5% titanium dioxide, 2% glycerol, 14% glucose.

Et granulat blev fremstillet ved den i eksempel 5 beskrevne fremgangsmåde og viste sig at have lignende egenskaber. (Belægning af granulatet blev udført som beskrevet i eksempel 3).A granulate was prepared by the procedure described in Example 5 and found to have similar properties. (Coating of the granulate was performed as described in Example 3).

Eksempel 9Example 9

Præparat indeholdende amylase.Preparation containing amylase.

Følgende forskrift blev anvendt hertil? 25% amylase (16,400 BAU/g), 37% Amylogum CLS-0473, 16% glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysat, ca. 43 DS), 16% glucose, 5% titandioxid, 1% glycerol.The following regulation was used for this? 25% amylase (16,400 BAU / g), 37% Amylogum CLS-0473, 16% glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate, ca. 43 DS), 16% glucose, 5% titanium dioxide, 1% glycerol.

Desuden anvendes denne forskrifts 50% amylase (16,000 BAU/g), 35% Amylogum CLS-0473, 15% glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysat,, ca. 43 DE) .In addition, this regulation uses 50% amylase (16,000 BAU / g), 35% Amylogum CLS-0473, 15% glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate, about 43 DE).

Et granulat blev fremstillet ifølge disse forskrifter efter den i eksempel 5 beskrevne fremgangsmåde, og begge præparater viste sig at have lignende egenskaber.(Belægning af granulaterne blev udført som beskrevet i eksempel 3).A granulate was prepared according to these instructions according to the procedure described in Example 5, and both preparations were found to have similar properties (Coating of the granules was performed as described in Example 3).

j tr 14j tr 14

DK j52057 BDK j52057 B

* J!·* J! ·

Eksempel 10Example 10

Flere præparater indeholdende "llaxatase®.Several preparations containing "llaxatase®.

Prøve nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Sample # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Amylogum CLS-0473 (%) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 "Maxatase1® (%J (11 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 sorbitol (%) -2----- glycerol (%) 2-22222 paraffinvoks (%) -'-4-244 HAerosil'®972 (%I ---21-- "Berol®80 (%I 1 1 1 1 1 - - titandioxid (%) 5555555 glucose (ft) 22 22 18 20 19 19 14 glucosesirup (%) (2) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10Amylogum CLS-0473 (%) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 "Maxatase1® (% J (11 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 sorbitol (%) -2 ----- glycerol (%) 2-22222 paraffin wax (% ) -'- 4-244 HAerosil® 972 (% I --- 21-- "Berol®80 (% I 1 1 1 1 1 - - titanium dioxide (%) 5555555 glucose (ft) 22 22 18 20 19 19 14 glucose syrup (%) (2) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Elutriationstest (3) 29 20 14 10 20 32 11 (1) 2,18 million DU/gElutriation Test (3) 29 20 14 10 20 32 11 (1) 2.18 million DU / g

(2) stivelsehydrolysat, ca. 43 DE(2) starch hydrolyzate, ca. 43 DE

(3) pr. 60 gram prøve.(3) per 60 grams of sample.

Belægning af partiklerne blev udført som beskrevet i eksempel 3.Coating of the particles was performed as described in Example 3.

Eksempel 11Example 11

Præparat indeholdende alkalisk protease.Composition containing alkaline protease.

Følgende forskrift blev anvendt hertil: 34% Amylogum CLS-0473, 17% glucose, 17% glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysat, ca. 43 DÉ1, 7% stearinsyre, 20% PB 92 (1,7 million ADU/g) (1), 5% titandioxid.The following specification was used for this: 34% Amylogum CLS-0473, 17% glucose, 17% glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate, approximately 43 DE1, 7% stearic acid, 20% PB 92 (1.7 million ADU / g) (1), 5 % titanium dioxide.

(1) PB 92 er et alkalisk proteolytisk enzym, som er beskrevet i US patentskrift nr. 4.002.572.(1) PB 92 is an alkaline proteolytic enzyme disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,002,572.

Der blev fremstillet et granulat ifølge den i eksempel 5 beskrevne fremgangsmåde, og granulatet viste sig at have lignende egenskaber. Bl.a. viste elutriationstest anvendt på en prøve på 60 g en værdi på 95 ADU/g. (Belægning af granulatet blev udført som beskrevet i eksempel 3).A granulate was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 5 and the granulate was found to have similar properties. Among other things. showed elutriation tests applied to a sample of 60 g, a value of 95 ADU / g. (Coating of the granulate was performed as described in Example 3).

1515

DK 152057 BDK 152057 B

Eksempel 12Example 12

Oplagringsstabilitet af et granulat ifølge opfindelsen indeholdende "iiaxatas'e'®.Storage stability of a granule according to the invention containing "iiaxatas'e".

Et på markedet tilgængeligt vaskepulver (400 g), indeholdende natriumperborat blev anvendt. En mængde enzymgranulat ifølge ek^em-pel 10 (prøve 5), som forud var belagt med 1% af en 1:1 blanding af glycerolmonostearat og paraffinolie, til opnåelse af en aktiv; -'.et på 6000 DU/g, blev tilsat, og materialet blev blandet grundigt.A commercially available washing powder (400 g) containing sodium perborate was used. An amount of enzyme granulate of Example 10 (Sample 5), previously coated with 1% of a 1: 1 mixture of glycerol monostearate and paraffin oil, to give an active; - 6000 DU / g, was added and the material was thoroughly mixed.

Afvejede prøver på 20 g blev lige efter blandingen taget fra materialet til anvendelse ved en oplagringsstabilitetstes "C, ΒΟί· blev foretaget efter 0,5, 1, 2 og 3 måneders oplagring ved 37°C0 Prøverne blev testet efter opløsning i syntetisk ledningsvand (indeholdende 111 mg/1 Caø, 27,5 mg/1 MgO og 210 mg/1 NaHCOg, tysk hårdhed 15%)f indeholdende tilstrækkeligt natriumdithionit til neutralisering af virkningen af perboratet, og fortynding med syntetisk ledninasvand til en koncentration egnet til testning af aktiviteten i Delfi enheder (jvf. britisk patentskrift nr. 1.353.317) (serie A i følg-n-de tabel).Weighed samples of 20 g were taken from the material immediately after mixing for use in a storage stability test "C, ·ί · was made after 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 months of storage at 37 ° C. The samples were tested after dissolution in synthetic tap water (containing 111 mg / l CaO, 27.5 mg / l MgO and 210 mg / l NaHCOg, German hardness 15%) containing sufficient sodium dithionite to neutralize the effect of the perborate, and dilution with synthetic conductinase water to a concentration suitable for testing the activity in Delphi units (cf. British Patent Specification No. 1,353,317) (series A of the following table).

En lignende test blev udført med et i handelen forekommende granulat af samme enzym ("Maxatase'® p, fra Gist-Brocades, Holland, fremstillet ifølge den i britisk patentskrift nr. 1.324.116 (serie B] beskrevne metode). Følgende resultater blev opnået:A similar test was performed with a commercially available granule of the same enzyme ("Maxatase "®, from Gist-Brocades, The Netherlands, prepared according to the method described in British Patent Specification No. 1,324,116 (Series B]). achieved:

Oplagringstid (måneder) 0,5 1 2 3Shelf life (months) 0.5 1 2 3

Serie A 100 99 89 91Series A 100 99 89 91

Serie B 94 92 82 75Series B 94 92 82 75

Tabellen viser, at oplagringsstabiliteten af serie A, ifølge opfin-delsen, er god og desuden bedre end sammenligningsserien B, som og^å har temmelig god stabilitet.The table shows that the storage stability of series A, according to the invention, is good and, in addition, better than the comparison series B, which also has a fairly good stability.

Eksempel 13Example 13

Præparat indeholdende lactase.Composition containing lactase.

Følgende forskrift blev anvendt til dette formål: 45% Amylogum CLS-0473, 30% lactase (udfældet), 25% glucosesirup (stivelsehydrolysat, ca. 43 DE).The following specification was used for this purpose: 45% Amylogum CLS-0473, 30% lactase (precipitated), 25% glucose syrup (starch hydrolyzate, about 43 DE).

Et granulat blev fremstillet ved den i eksempel 5 beskrevne fremgangsmåde og belagt som beskrevet i eksempel 3. Når temperaturen blev holdt ved 50°C eller derunder under fremstillingen af granulatet, '.var aktiviteten af granulatet 95% af udgangsaktiviteten, mens irA granulate was prepared by the procedure described in Example 5 and coated as described in Example 3. When the temperature was maintained at or below 50 ° C during the preparation of the granulate, the activity of the granulate was 95% of the starting activity, while ir

Claims (18)

1. Smidige og ikke-støvende ensymholdige partikler, kendetegnet ved, at de foruden et enzym i en mængde, der giver den ønskede enzymaktivitet., indeholder ca. 20 til ca, 60 vægt%, baseret på den totale materialeblanding, af et hydrophilt organisk bindemiddel, som er foreneligt med enzymet, og ca. 10 til ca. 60 vægt%, baseret på den totale materialeblanding, af et strukturmiddel, som er egnet til anvendelse i enzympræparater, og har et fugtighedsindhold på fra 5 til 15 vægt%, hvorhos partiklerne er overtrukket med et vandskyende middel.1. Flexible and non-dusty enzyme-containing particles, characterized in that they contain, in addition to an enzyme in an amount which gives the desired enzyme activity. 20 to about 60% by weight, based on the total mixture of materials, of a hydrophilic organic binder compatible with the enzyme, and about 10 to approx. 60% by weight, based on the total material mixture, of a structural agent suitable for use in enzyme preparations and having a moisture content of from 5 to 15% by weight, the particles being coated with a water repellent. 2. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af enzymholdige partikler ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet véd, at man homogent blander en mængde af et enzym i tør eller i det væsentlige tør tilstand til opnåelse af den ønskede enxymaktivitet i de dannede partikler, ca. 2Q til ca. 60 vægt%. Baseret på den totale materialeblanding, af et hydrophilt organisk bindemiddél, som er foreneligt med enzymet, ca. 10 til ca. 60 vægt%, baseret på den totale materialeblanding, af et strukturmiddel, som er egnet til anvendelse i enzymmaterialet, og om nødvendigt en lille mængde vand, som er tilstrækkelig til at give et fugtighedsindhold i de dannede partikler på fra 5 til 15 vægt%, at man mekanisk opdeler den opnåede bian- DK 152057B ding i partikler af ønsket størrelse og overtrækker partiklerne med et vandskyende middel.Process for the preparation of enzyme-containing particles according to claim 1, characterized in that an amount of an enzyme in a dry or substantially dry state is homogeneously mixed to obtain the desired enzyme activity in the particles formed, approx. 2Q to approx. 60% by weight. Based on the total material mix, of a hydrophilic organic binder compatible with the enzyme, approx. 10 to approx. 60% by weight, based on the total material mix, of a structural agent suitable for use in the enzyme material and, if necessary, a small amount of water sufficient to give a moisture content of the formed particles of 5 to 15% by weight, mechanically dividing the obtained base into particles of the desired size and coating the particles with a water repellent. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet ved, at man yderligere iblander et fugtighedsregulerende middel.Process according to claim 2, characterized in that a humidity control agent is further admixed. 4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 2 eller 3, kendetegnet ved, at det hydrophile bindemiddel er valgt blandt stivelse- og cellulosederivater.Process according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the hydrophilic binder is selected from starch and cellulose derivatives. 5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 2-4 , kendetegnet ved, at det hydropbile bindemiddel er acety-leret amylopectin med en acetyleringsgrad på ca. 5 til 30%.Process according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the hydropilic binder is acetylated amylopectin with an acetylation degree of approx. 5 to 30%. 6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 2-5, kendetegnet ved, at mængden af anvendt hydrophilt binde-middel er ca. 30 til ca. 50 vægt%.Process according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the amount of hydrophilic binder used is approx. 30 to approx. 50% by weight. 7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 2-6, kendetegnet ved, at strukturmidlet er valgt blandt vandopløselige carbonhydrater indeholdende 5-12 carbonatomer.Process according to any of claims 2-6, characterized in that the structural agent is selected from water-soluble carbohydrates containing 5-12 carbon atoms. 8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 2-7, kendetegnet ved, at strukturmidlet er en blanding af glucose og 40 til 70 vægt% stivelsehydrolysat med en dextroseækvi-valent på ca. 20 til ca. 70.Process according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that the structural agent is a mixture of glucose and 40 to 70% by weight of starch hydrolyzate with a dextrose equivalent of approx. 20 to approx. 70th 9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at dextroseækvivalenten i stivelsehydrolysatet er ca. 3Q til ca. 60.Process according to claim 8, characterized in that the dextrose equivalent in the starch hydrolyzate is approx. 3Q to approx. 60th 10„ Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 2-10, kendetegnet ved, at den anvendte mængde strukturmiddel er ca. 20 til ca. 45 vægt%.Process according to any one of claims 2-10, characterized in that the amount of structural agent used is approx. 20 to approx. 45% by weight. 11. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 3-10, kendetegnet ved,, at det tilsatte fugtighedsregulerende middel er valgt blandt polyoler med 2-6 carbonatomer og 2-4 hy-droxygrupper knyttet til forskellige carbonatomer.Process according to any of claims 3-10, characterized in that the added humidity regulator is selected from polyols having 2-6 carbon atoms and 2-4 hydroxy groups attached to different carbon atoms. 12. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 11, kendetegnet ved, at det fugtighedsregulerende middel er valgt blandt glycerol og sorbitol,Process according to claim 11, characterized in that the humectant is selected from glycerol and sorbitol. 13. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 11 eller 12, kendetegnet ved, at den anvendte mængde fugtighedsregulerende middel er ca. 0,5 til ca. 5 vægt%. / DK T52057 BProcess according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the amount of humidity regulating agent used is approx. 0.5 to approx. 5% by weight. / DK T52057 B 14. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 13, kendetegnet ved, at mængden af fugtighedsregulerende middel er ca. 1 til ca. 3 vægt%.Process according to claim 13, characterized in that the amount of humidity regulator is approx. 1 to approx. 3% by weight. 15. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 2-14, kendetegnet ved, at den anvendte mængde enzym er op til ca. 50 vægt%.Process according to any one of claims 2-14, characterized in that the amount of enzyme used is up to approx. 50% by weight. 16. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et vilkårligt af kravene 2-15, kendetegnet ved, at partiklerne er overtrukket med ca. 0,5 til ca. 5 vægt% af det vandskyende middel.Process according to any one of claims 2-15, characterized in that the particles are coated with approx. 0.5 to approx. 5% by weight of the water repellent. 17. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 16, kendetegnet ved, at partiklerne desuden er belagt med et antiklumpningsmiddel.Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the particles are additionally coated with an anti-caking agent. 18. Anvendelse af enzymholdige partikler ifølge krav 1 som bestanddel af vaskemidler.Use of enzyme-containing particles according to claim 1 as a component of detergents.
DK323478A 1977-07-20 1978-07-19 ENZYMOUS PARTICLES, PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE IN DETERGENTS DK152057C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB30556/77A GB1603640A (en) 1977-07-20 1977-07-20 Enzyme particles
GB3055677 1977-07-20
GB3055678 1978-05-17
GB3055678 1978-05-17

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5988088A (en) * 1982-11-12 1984-05-21 Nagase Seikagaku Kogyo Kk Production of enzyme-containing granule
US6500463B1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2002-12-31 General Mills, Inc. Encapsulation of sensitive components into a matrix to obtain discrete shelf-stable particles

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2099349A5 (en) * 1970-07-28 1972-03-10 Novo Terapeutisk Labor As
US3775331A (en) * 1970-12-22 1973-11-27 Colgate Palmolive Co Manufacture of enzyme spheres
US3853780A (en) * 1969-10-06 1974-12-10 Colgate Palmolive Co Granular non-dusting enzyme product for detergent use
US4009076A (en) * 1972-11-03 1977-02-22 Lever Brothers Company Enzyme granules

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853780A (en) * 1969-10-06 1974-12-10 Colgate Palmolive Co Granular non-dusting enzyme product for detergent use
FR2099349A5 (en) * 1970-07-28 1972-03-10 Novo Terapeutisk Labor As
US3775331A (en) * 1970-12-22 1973-11-27 Colgate Palmolive Co Manufacture of enzyme spheres
US4009076A (en) * 1972-11-03 1977-02-22 Lever Brothers Company Enzyme granules

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JPS5423190A (en) 1979-02-21
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MX4829E (en) 1982-10-21
DK323478A (en) 1979-01-21

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