DK147488B - COASTAL SECURITY SYSTEM - Google Patents
COASTAL SECURITY SYSTEM Download PDFInfo
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- DK147488B DK147488B DK354075AA DK354075A DK147488B DK 147488 B DK147488 B DK 147488B DK 354075A A DK354075A A DK 354075AA DK 354075 A DK354075 A DK 354075A DK 147488 B DK147488 B DK 147488B
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- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- blocks
- block
- rows
- protection system
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Description
147488147488
Opfindelsen angår et kystsikringsanlæg af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a coastal protection system of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Kysterosion ved bølgepåvirkning er et problem, der mest optræder langs kysterne af store vandområder, hvor der foregår kraftig og vedvarende bølgepåvirkning af kyststrækninger bestående af sand eller småsten. En detaljeret diskussion af dette problem findes i U.S.A. patentskrift nr. 3 387 458, hvor det er påpeget, at det mest anvendte kystsikringsanlæg, nemlig en væg opbygget af massive blokke, ofte er selvødelæggende derved, at væggen selv frembringer en udvaskende eller erosiv virkning kon- 2 147488 centreret ved foden af væggen.Coastal erosion by wave impact is a problem that occurs most along the shores of large bodies of water, where there is a strong and sustained wave impact on coastal stretches consisting of sand or pebbles. A detailed discussion of this problem can be found in the U.S.A. U.S. Pat. No. 3,387,458, which points out that the most widely used coastal protection system, namely a wall built of solid blocks, is often self-destructive in that the wall itself produces a leaching or erosive effect concentrated at the base of the wall.
Opfindelsen har til formål at angive et anlæg af den omhandlede art til brug på kyststrækninger med sand og/eller småsten, hvor indkommende og udgående bølger medfører betydelige mængder af kystmaterialet, hvilket anlæg har evne til dels at optage energien i ankommende bølger, dels at udøve en stærk virkning på tilbagestrømning af kystmaterialet.The object of the invention is to provide a plant of the type in question for use on coastal stretches with sand and / or pebbles, where incoming and outgoing waves carry significant amounts of coastal material, which plant has the ability to partly absorb the energy in incoming waves and partly to exercise a strong effect on the backflow of the coastal material.
Dette formål opnås ved, at kystsikringsanlægget er udformet som angivet i krav l's kendetegnende del, idet de indbyrdes forskudte åbninger i blokrækkerne frembringer en drøvlevirkning, som bevirker, at vandet gradvis tappes for sin bølgeenergi, efterhånden som det strømmer på tværs gennem blokrækkerne. Vandets tilbagestrømning foregår således med mindre kraft ved indstrømningen og med tilsvarende formindsket evne til at medføre kystmateriale. En væsentlig del af dette materiale bliver følgelig aflejret bag ved, i og foran blokrækkerne.This object is achieved in that the coastal protection system is designed as stated in the characterizing part of claim 1, the mutually offset openings in the block rows producing a throttling effect which causes the water to be gradually drained of its wave energy as it flows across the block rows. The backflow of water thus takes place with less force at the inflow and with a correspondingly reduced ability to carry coastal material. A significant part of this material is consequently deposited behind, in and in front of the block rows.
Ved at blokkene er samlet i enheder med tre blokke i hver som angivet i krav 2 opnås, at arbejdet med opbygning af kystsikringsanlægget lettes betydeligt.By assembling the blocks in units with three blocks in each as stated in claim 2, it is achieved that the work of building the coastal protection system is significantly facilitated.
Særlig hensigtsmæssig er den i krav 3 angivne udformning af blokenhederne, som medfører automatisk sammenlåsning af enhederne under anlæggets opbygning.Particularly suitable is the design of the block units specified in claim 3, which results in automatic locking of the units during the construction of the plant.
En lignende sammenlåsning kan også tilvejebringes ved hjælp af særlige til formålet bestemte organer som angivet i krav 4, f.eks. i form af kæder, kabler eller bøjler.A similar interlocking can also be provided by means of special means provided for the purpose as claimed in claim 4, e.g. in the form of chains, cables or hangers.
Ved at anlægget er udformet som angivet i krav 5, opnås en forøgelse af blokåbningernes ensrettende virkning på kystmateria-lebevægelserne, idet klapperne ikke frembyder nogen væsentlig hindring for materialets indadgående bevægelse, men derimod praktisk taget helt spærrer for udadgående materialebevægelse.By the plant being designed as stated in claim 5, an increase of the unidirectional effect of the block openings on the coastal material movements is achieved, as the flaps do not present any significant obstacle to the inward movement of the material, but on the contrary practically completely block out outward material movement.
147488 3147488 3
En hensigtsmæssig enkelthed er angivet i krav 6.An appropriate simplicity is set out in claim 6.
Opfindelsen skal forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser set fra oven og delvis i snit en sektion af muren ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 er et sidebillede af en del af muren i fig. 1, fig. 3 et tværsnit langs linien 3-3 i fig. 2, fig. 4 et perspektivisk billede af et par individuelle blokenhe der før samlingen, fig. 5 et billede set forfra af en individuel blok med klap- eller tungeventiler, fig. 6 et tværsnit langs linien 6-6 i fig. 5, fig. 7 et billede svarende til fig. 1, men hvor der er vist en modificeret konstruktion, og fig. 8 og 9 billeder set henholdsvis fra oven og fra enden af forskellige udførelsesformer for muren ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will be explained in more detail in the following with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a top view and partly in section a section of the wall according to the invention, fig. 2 is a side view of a part of the wall in fig. 1, fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2, fig. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a pair of individual block units there before assembly; Fig. 5 is a front view of an individual block with flap or tongue valves; 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5, fig. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but showing a modified construction, and FIG. 8 and 9 are views seen from above and from the end, respectively, of different embodiments of the wall according to the invention.
Den i fig. 4 viste mur W er opbygget af et antal betonblokke 10, som er af normal standardopbygning og har f.eks. en længde 1 på 16", en højde h på 12" og en bredde w på 8". Hver blok nedlægges på sin side således, at den normale breddedimension repræsenterer højden af blokken.The device shown in FIG. 4 shown wall 4 is built up of a number of concrete blocks 10, which are of normal standard construction and have e.g. a length 1 of 16 ", a height h of 12" and a width w of 8 ". Each block is laid down on its side so that the normal width dimension represents the height of the block.
Hver blok 10 består, når den er nedlagt på sin side, af en overvæg 12 og en undervæg 14, der er forbundet med tværgående ribber eller skillevægge 16, som ligger i langsgående retning i en vis afstand fra hinanden til dannelse af langsgående udkernede åbninger 18, der strækker sig på tværs gennem blokken. De to åbninger 18 repræsenterer ca. 50% af det totale sideareal af blokken.Each block 10, when laid down on its side, consists of a top wall 12 and a bottom wall 14 connected by transverse ribs or partitions 16 which lie longitudinally at a certain distance from each other to form longitudinal cored openings 18. , which extends across the block. The two openings 18 represent approx. 50% of the total side area of the block.
4 1474884 147488
Som det ses af fig. 4, er tre blokke 10 fæstnet eller på anden måde arrangeret side om side til dannelse af en tre-blokenhedf der som helhed er betegnet med 20 med midterblokken i hver enhed forskudt på langs i forhold til de to yderblokke således, at en fjeder- og notlåseforbindelse opnås mellem op til hinanden liggende blokenheder 20, når disse blokenheder oplægges således, at endefladerne støder op imod hinanden.As can be seen from FIG. 4, three blocks 10 are attached or otherwise arranged side by side to form a three-block unit which as a whole is denoted by 20 with the middle block in each unit staggered longitudinally relative to the two outer blocks so that a spring and groove lock connection is obtained between adjacent block units 20 when these block units are arranged so that the end faces abut each other.
Den langsgående forskydning af de individuelle blokke i hver blokenhed bestemmer positionen af de tværgående og lodrette forløbende skillevægge 16, der er forskudt i forhold til hinanden, hvilket bedst ses i fig. 1. Som følge heraf kan vand let flyde gennem en opbygget mur via de passager, der dannes af åbningerne 18, men disse passager er successivt opdelt således, at strøm gennem en mur, forårsaget af bølgepåvirkning, drøvles gennem skillevæggene med det resultat, at kraften fra bølgen successivt brydes op, idet bølgen løber gennem hver række af blokke i den opbyggede mur.The longitudinal displacement of the individual blocks in each block unit determines the position of the transverse and vertically extending partitions 16 which are displaced relative to each other, which is best seen in fig. As a result, water can easily flow through a built-up wall via the passages formed by the openings 18, but these passages are successively divided so that current through a wall, caused by wave action, is throttled through the partitions with the result that the force from the wave gradually breaks up, the wave running through each row of blocks in the built-up wall.
I fig. 1 og 2 er de to yderste blokke af en blokenhed 20 vist beliggende oprettet i tværgående retning i forhold til hianden. I-midlertid er en sådan tværgående opretning ikke påkrævet. Hvis en langsgående forskydning af hver række af blokke foretrækkes, hvilket er vist i fig. 7, opnås der en mere bugtet vej gennem muren.In FIG. 1 and 2, the two outermost blocks of a block unit 20 are shown located upright in the transverse direction relative to each other. However, such a transverse alignment is not required. If a longitudinal displacement of each row of blocks is preferred, as shown in FIG. 7, a more winding path is obtained through the wall.
En tre-blokenhed med to yderblokke oprettet i tværgående retning er imidlertid nemmere at håndtere, da enheden kan oplægges i fjeder og notsammenlåsning med den ene eller den anden side vendende opad.However, a three-block unit with two outer blocks set up in the transverse direction is easier to handle, as the unit can be laid in spring and tongue-and-groove interlocking with one or the other side facing upwards.
Ved oplægningen af muren nedlægges et med flanger forsynet basiselement 22 i form af en metalstrimmel, som f.eks. kan bestå af aluminium, langs den linie, der skal følges af muren. Basiselementet 22 tjener først og fremmest til at holde naboblokke 20 i hovedsagen i niveau med hinanden samt tjener som styreenhed for nedlægningen af den første bane. Det er ikke specielt kritisk, hvis muren synker noget på den overflade, hvorpå den læg ges. Basiselementet 22 virker primært således, at det sikrer, at muren synker på en jævn måde, hvis en sådan sammensynkning over- 5 147488 hovedet finder sted.When laying the wall, a base element 22 provided with flanges is laid down in the form of a metal strip, such as e.g. may consist of aluminum, along the line to be followed by the wall. The base member 22 serves primarily to keep neighboring blocks 20 substantially level with each other and serves as a control unit for laying down the first web. It is not particularly critical if the wall sinks somewhat on the surface on which it is laid. The base member 22 acts primarily to ensure that the wall sinks evenly if such collapse occurs overhead.
Den første bane oplægges på den øverste del af basiselementet 22 ved enkel udlægning af individuelle blokke eller blokenheder på basiselementet ende mod ende med hullerne 18 i hovedsagen beliggende i vandret retning og vendende mod søen. Yderligere rækker og baner oplægges derefter, hvorved der dannes flere baner og flere rækker af blokke. Når hver række er oplagt, bliver blokkene i langsgående retning forskudt i forhold til naborækken således, at åbningerne i naborækkerne af blokkene nok har forbindelse med hinanden, men er forskudt i forhold til hinanden.The first web is laid on the upper part of the base element 22 by simple laying of individual blocks or block units on the base element end to end with the holes 18 substantially located in the horizontal direction and facing the lake. Additional rows and lanes are then laid, thereby forming more lanes and several rows of blocks. When each row is obvious, the blocks are displaced in the longitudinal direction relative to the adjacent row so that the openings in the adjacent rows of the blocks are probably connected to each other, but are displaced relative to each other.
Naborækker og baner sammenlåses mekanisk til hinanden ved hjælp af mekaniske befæstelsesmidler eller forankringselementer. De enkelte mekaniske befæstelseselementer kan f.eks. bestå af et antal organer som f.eks. kæder eller kabler. Hvis det foretrækkes, kan imidlertid et befæstelseselement 24 bestå af en aflang metalstang eller strimmel, der stikkes gennem nogle af eller alle åbningerne i en blok eller blokenhed, hvorefter strimmelen eller stangen som vist ved 26 bøjes tilbage i åbningerne af blokken i den nedenunder liggende bane. Befæstelseselementerne 24 fungerer primært til forhindring af en vandret bevægelse af den ene bane i forhold til den anden. Hvis det foretrækkes, kan befæstelseselementet 24 også benyttes til at fæstne basisdelen 22 til den nederste bane.Adjacent rows and tracks are mechanically locked together by means of mechanical fasteners or anchoring elements. The individual mechanical fastening elements can e.g. consist of a number of bodies such as chains or cables. If preferred, however, a fastener 24 may consist of an elongate metal rod or strip that is inserted through some or all of the openings in a block or block unit, after which the strip or rod as shown at 26 is bent back into the openings of the block in the underlying web. . The fasteners 24 function primarily to prevent a horizontal movement of one web relative to the other. If preferred, the fastener 24 may also be used to secure the base member 22 to the lower web.
I nogle tilfælde kan det være ønskeligt at anvende en klapventil eller tungeventil, der som helhed er betegnet med 28 (fig. 5 og 6) i nogle af eller alle blokåbningerne. Ventilen 28 kan bestå af en fjedrende, fleksibel metalplade eller plastplade. Som det bedst ses i fig. 5, er den tværgående bredde af pladedelen eller ventiltungen 30 af ventilen noget mindre end bredden af en blokåbning 18, men længden af pladedelen 30 er noget større end højden af blokåbningen. Pladedelen går ved sin øvre ende over i en monteringspladedel 32, der er bøjet således, at den ligger oven på blokkens øvre overflade. Ventilerne anvendes normalt ikke i den øverste bane og holdes iøvrigt i position af 6 147488 vægten af den overliggende bane, der hviler på den øverste del af monteringspladedelen 32.In some cases it may be desirable to use a flap valve or tongue valve which is designated as a whole by 28 (Figs. 5 and 6) in some or all of the block openings. The valve 28 may consist of a resilient, flexible metal plate or plastic plate. As best seen in FIG. 5, the transverse width of the plate portion or valve tongue 30 of the valve is somewhat smaller than the width of a block opening 18, but the length of the plate portion 30 is somewhat larger than the height of the block opening. The plate part merges at its upper end into a mounting plate part 32 which is bent so that it lies on top of the upper surface of the block. The valves are not normally used in the upper web and are otherwise held in position by the weight of the overlying web resting on the upper part of the mounting plate part 32.
Pladedelen 30 kan drejes eller bøjes om den øverste kant af åbningen, i hvilken pladen er monteret, og pladedelen er orienteret således, at ventilen befinder sig på den søværts side af blokken. Ventilen kan således afbøjes opad fra den fuldt optrukne position, der er vist i fig. 6, svarende til påvirkningen ved indkommende bølger under dannelse af en relativ bred åben passage for den indkommende bølge og indtrængende sand, idet et sådant materiale relativt frit kan passere i indadgående retning fra søsiden til vandsiden af muren. Når bølgen igen bevæges udefter, vender pladedelen 30 tilbage til den fuldt optrukne position, der er vist i fig. 6, i hvilken position pladedelen i væsentlig grad indsnævrer passagen for udadågende vandstrømme og indespærret sand, hvorved man opnår, at en stor del af det indtrængende sand vil forhindres i at flyde ud gennem muren.The plate part 30 can be rotated or bent about the upper edge of the opening in which the plate is mounted, and the plate part is oriented so that the valve is on the seaward side of the block. The valve can thus be deflected upwards from the fully extended position shown in fig. 6, corresponding to the influence of incoming waves, forming a relatively wide open passage for the incoming wave and penetrating sand, such material being able to pass relatively freely in the inward direction from the sea side to the water side of the wall. When the wave is again moved outwards, the plate part 30 returns to the fully extended position shown in fig. 6, in which position the plate part substantially narrows the passage for outwardly flowing water streams and trapped sand, whereby it is obtained that a large part of the penetrating sand will be prevented from flowing out through the wall.
. Den opbyggede mur tillader således en gennemstrømning af en stor del af det indkommende vand og sand og udøver en modstand eller drøvling imod den indkommende bølge, og de i langsgående retning forskudte skillevægge i efterfølgende rækker af blokke bryder successivt kraften af den indkommende bølge således, at kraften og hastigheden af bølgen reduceres meget i løbet af den tid, der går under bølgepassagen gennem muren. Den drøvlende virkning, der således udøves på den indkommende bølge, hjælper til med at foranledige en aflejring af indkommende sand eller småsten på landsiden af muren, og muren udøver også en anden drøvlende virkning på den udadgående bølge til sikring af yderligere aflejring af sand fra vandet, idet bølgen passerer udad gennem muren. En kraftigere drøvling imod udadgående bølger opnås ved anvendelse af pladeventilerne 28.. The built-up wall thus allows a flow of a large part of the incoming water and sand and exerts a resistance or turbidity against the incoming wave, and the longitudinally displaced partitions in subsequent rows of blocks successively break the force of the incoming wave so that the force and velocity of the wave are greatly reduced during the time that passes during the wave passage through the wall. The throttling effect thus exerted on the incoming wave helps to cause a deposit of incoming sand or pebbles on the land side of the wall, and the wall also exerts another throttling effect on the outward wave to ensure further deposition of sand from the water , as the wave passes outward through the wall. A stronger throttle against outgoing waves is obtained by using the plate valves 28.
Muren W er normalt opbygget i hovedsagen parallelt med kystlinien. Antallet af rækker og baner af blokke er generelt bestemt ved 7 147488 højden af de bølger, der optræder under storm. Det er imidlertid betydningsfuldt, at muren er i stand til at modstå kraften fra stormbølger, der eventuelt optræder kort efter opbygningen af muren. Murens stabilitet under denne kritiske periode kan opnås på et antal forskellige måder. F.eks. kan muren i tværsnit være af i hovedsagen pyramideformet opbygning, hvilket er vist i fig. 9. En sådan mur er bredere ved sin nedre del end ved sin øvre del, og derved opnås en betydelig modstand mod væltning. Yderligere findes færre åbninger og færre skillevægge ved murens øvre del end ved murens nedre del, da muren indeholder færre blokke i den øvre del af den opbyggede mur. Herved angriber de største kræfter på den del af muren, der er beliggende i murens nedre del.The wall W is usually built mainly parallel to the coastline. The number of rows and paths of blocks is generally determined by the height of the waves occurring during storms. It is significant, however, that the wall is able to withstand the force of storm waves that may occur shortly after the construction of the wall. The stability of the wall during this critical period can be achieved in a number of different ways. For example. For example, the cross-sectional wall may be of a substantially pyramidal structure, as shown in FIG. Such a wall is wider at its lower part than at its upper part, and thereby a considerable resistance to overturning is obtained. In addition, there are fewer openings and fewer partitions at the upper part of the wall than at the lower part of the wall, as the wall contains fewer blocks in the upper part of the built-up wall. Hereby the greatest forces attack on the part of the wall which is located in the lower part of the wall.
Det er ikke nødvendigt at opbygge en mur med færre rækker af blokke i den øvre del end i den nedre del for at opnå en uens fordeling af kræfter over murhøjden. En formindskelse af de kræfter, der angriber ved den øvre del af muren, kan opnås ved forandring af den udstrækning, i hvilken blokkene er forskudt i naborækker.It is not necessary to build a wall with fewer rows of blocks in the upper part than in the lower part to achieve an uneven distribution of forces over the wall height. A reduction in the forces attacking at the upper part of the wall can be achieved by changing the extent to which the blocks are displaced in adjacent rows.
Således kan blokkene i naborækkerne i den øverste del af muren forskydes i mindre grad end tilfældet er i den nedre del af muren således, at åbningerne i den øverste del af muren er mere eller mindre beliggende i forlængelse af hinanden.Thus, the blocks in the adjacent rows in the upper part of the wall can be displaced to a lesser extent than is the case in the lower part of the wall so that the openings in the upper part of the wall are more or less located in extension of each other.
Som vist i fig. 8 kan muren i nogle tilfælde være forsynet med fløjdele, der i hovedsagen rager frem vinkelret på muren W, og disse fløjdele er opbygget på samme som resten af muren med undtagelse af, at åbningerne i blokkene forløber i hovedsagen parallelt med kysten. Funktionen af fløjdelene er den samme som ved muren W og er af speciel betydning i de tilfælde, hvor retningen af indkommende bølger ikke er vinkelret på muren W. Fløjdelene tjener også til afstivning af enderne af muren.As shown in FIG. 8, the wall may in some cases be provided with wing parts which project substantially perpendicular to the wall W, and these wing parts are built on the same as the rest of the wall except that the openings in the blocks run substantially parallel to the shore. The function of the flute parts is the same as at the wall W and is of special importance in cases where the direction of incoming waves is not perpendicular to the wall W. The flute parts also serve to brace the ends of the wall.
En betydelig mængde sand, der føres med af vandet gennem muren i hver retning, aflejres ud for modstående sider af muren, såvel som i åbningerne af blokkene. Det aflejrede sand vil såleA significant amount of sand carried by the water through the wall in each direction is deposited off opposite sides of the wall, as well as in the openings of the blocks. The deposited sand will sole
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US49484574 | 1974-08-05 | ||
US494845A US3894397A (en) | 1974-08-05 | 1974-08-05 | Beach erosion control structure |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DK354075A DK354075A (en) | 1976-02-06 |
DK147488B true DK147488B (en) | 1984-08-27 |
DK147488C DK147488C (en) | 1985-03-25 |
Family
ID=23966219
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK354075A DK147488C (en) | 1974-08-05 | 1975-08-04 | COASTAL SECURITY SYSTEM |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3894397A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5334427B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7504993A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1007874A (en) |
DK (1) | DK147488C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2281462A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1487646A (en) |
NL (1) | NL182330C (en) |
SE (1) | SE409342B (en) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO743469L (en) * | 1974-09-26 | 1976-03-29 | Ekas | |
JPS5119344A (en) * | 1974-08-08 | 1976-02-16 | Nippon Tetrapod Co | Shohayoganpeki |
US4297052A (en) * | 1975-05-02 | 1981-10-27 | Rankin William J | Bank erosion control units |
US4073145A (en) * | 1977-06-17 | 1978-02-14 | Sandgrabber, Inc. | Shore erosion control structure |
US4227829A (en) * | 1978-11-29 | 1980-10-14 | Landry Jr Kossuth J | Soil erosion prevention blocks |
JPS582188B2 (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1983-01-14 | 大阪セメント株式会社 | Fluid hydrofluoric anhydride composition |
JPS56155610U (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-11-20 | ||
DE3050333A1 (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 1982-06-16 | K Landry | SOIL EROSION PREVENTION BLOCKS |
US4370075A (en) * | 1980-10-28 | 1983-01-25 | Nicolon Corporation | Revetment grids and mats |
US4439058A (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1984-03-27 | University Of Miami | Asymmetric seaweeds |
DE3371379D1 (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1987-06-11 | Hans Ribbert | Arrangement for the reduction of the erosive influence of rough waters on the marginal surfaces between water and land and/or for the reclamation of land |
GB2156885A (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1985-10-16 | Watershield Limited | Coastline protection |
US4978247A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1990-12-18 | Lenson Walter J | Erosion control device |
JPH02169077A (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-29 | Dan Sangyo Kk | Bottle washing device |
US4975205A (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1990-12-04 | Subaqueous Services, Inc. | Apparatus and method for receiving, draining and disposing of dredged material |
US5402609A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1995-04-04 | Kelley, Jr.; Michael L. | Concrete building block system |
US5586835A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1996-12-24 | Fair; Samuel S. | Shore erosion control structures |
US5651642A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1997-07-29 | Kelley, Jr.; Michael L. | Concrete building blocks |
US5833387A (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1998-11-10 | Tackney; David T. | Directional groin |
US5879105A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1999-03-09 | Bishop; Robert | Wave energy dispersion system |
US6746177B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2004-06-08 | Bousai Corporation | Block and a riparian improvement structure inhabitable for aquatic life |
US20020132539A1 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2002-09-19 | Smith Dennis G. | Ribbed module for wave energy dispersion |
US20030066259A1 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-04-10 | Sudweeks Dan L. | Fastener system and method for attaching manufactured brick or stone to a surface |
EP1319896A3 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2004-05-12 | R. Jan Mowill | Gas turbine engine fuel/air premixers with variable geometry exit and method for controlling exit velocities |
US6669403B2 (en) * | 2002-04-06 | 2003-12-30 | Wave Control Systems Inc. | Wave attenuator |
US7165912B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2007-01-23 | Herzog Kenneth H | Apparatus for rebuilding a sand beach |
US7029200B1 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2006-04-18 | Granger Plastics Company | Shoreline erosion barrier |
US20060159518A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-07-20 | The Granger Plastics Company | Shoreline erosion barrier and method |
US8888481B2 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2014-11-18 | Stable Concrete Structures, Inc. | Machine for manufacturing concrete U-wall type construction blocks by molding each concrete U-wall construction block from concrete poured about a block cage made from reinforcing material while said block cage is loaded within said machine |
US9644334B2 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2017-05-09 | Stable Concrete Structures, Inc. | Methods of and systems for controlling water flow, breaking water waves and reducing surface erosion along rivers, streams, waterways and coastal regions |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2474786A (en) * | 1946-09-09 | 1949-06-28 | Harvey J Humphrey | Permeable breakwater |
US2755631A (en) * | 1952-02-12 | 1956-07-24 | Beach & Shore Inc | Erosion control apparatus |
US3011316A (en) * | 1958-12-18 | 1961-12-05 | Allen B Wilson | Breakwater and method of dissipating waves |
US3176468A (en) * | 1962-02-27 | 1965-04-06 | Takashi Takada | Block for absorbing water flow energy |
US3252287A (en) * | 1962-12-10 | 1966-05-24 | Suzuki Bunko | T-shaped concrete block |
US3386252A (en) * | 1966-09-08 | 1968-06-04 | Carl P. Nelson | Rip rap structure device |
US3844125A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1974-10-29 | J Williams | Anti-erosion device |
-
1974
- 1974-08-05 US US494845A patent/US3894397A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-07-29 CA CA232,479A patent/CA1007874A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-04 FR FR7524294A patent/FR2281462A1/en active Granted
- 1975-08-04 DK DK354075A patent/DK147488C/en active
- 1975-08-04 GB GB32513/75A patent/GB1487646A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-05 JP JP9479675A patent/JPS5334427B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-08-05 NL NLAANVRAGE7509306,A patent/NL182330C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-08-05 BR BR7504993*A patent/BR7504993A/en unknown
- 1975-08-05 SE SE7508825A patent/SE409342B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1007874A (en) | 1977-04-05 |
NL182330B (en) | 1987-09-16 |
FR2281462A1 (en) | 1976-03-05 |
JPS5143835A (en) | 1976-04-14 |
AU8352375A (en) | 1977-02-17 |
FR2281462B1 (en) | 1977-12-09 |
SE409342B (en) | 1979-08-13 |
BR7504993A (en) | 1976-07-27 |
NL182330C (en) | 1988-02-16 |
GB1487646A (en) | 1977-10-05 |
DK354075A (en) | 1976-02-06 |
JPS5334427B2 (en) | 1978-09-20 |
NL7509306A (en) | 1976-02-09 |
SE7508825L (en) | 1976-02-06 |
DK147488C (en) | 1985-03-25 |
US3894397A (en) | 1975-07-15 |
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