DK144227B - VACUUM SWITCH - Google Patents

VACUUM SWITCH Download PDF

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Publication number
DK144227B
DK144227B DK90877AA DK90877A DK144227B DK 144227 B DK144227 B DK 144227B DK 90877A A DK90877A A DK 90877AA DK 90877 A DK90877 A DK 90877A DK 144227 B DK144227 B DK 144227B
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
vacuum switch
contact
coil
metal
capsule
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DK90877AA
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Danish (da)
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DK90877A (en
DK144227C (en
Inventor
J H F G Lipperts
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Hazemeijer Bv
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL7602209.A external-priority patent/NL161609C/en
Application filed by Hazemeijer Bv filed Critical Hazemeijer Bv
Publication of DK90877A publication Critical patent/DK90877A/en
Publication of DK144227B publication Critical patent/DK144227B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK144227C publication Critical patent/DK144227C/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/627Devices to connect beams or arms to tractors or similar self-propelled machines, e.g. drives therefor
    • E02F3/6273Devices to connect beams or arms to tractors or similar self-propelled machines, e.g. drives therefor using legs to support the beams or arms on the ground during the connecting process

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Description

(19) DANMARK(19) DENMARK

|j| (12) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT (11) 144227 B| J | (12) PUBLICATION WRITING (11) 144227 B

DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETDIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Ansøgning nr. 9°8/77 (51) Int.CI.3 H 01 H 33/66 (22) Indleveringsdag 2. mar. 1977 (24) Løbedag 2. mar. 1977 (41) Aim. tilgængelig 4. s ep. 1 977 (44) Fremlagt 18. jan. 1982 (86) International ansøgning nr.(21) Application No. 9 ° 8/77 (51) Int.CI.3 H 01 H 33/66 (22) Filing date 2 Mar. 1977 (24) Race day 2 Mar 1977 (41) Aim. available 4th s ep. 1 977 (44) Submitted Jan 18 1982 (86) International application no.

(86) International indleveringsdag (85) Videreførelsesdag - (62) Stamansøgning nr. -(86) International filing day (85) Continuation day - (62) Master application no. -

(30) Prioritet 5· tnar. 1976, 76Ο22Ο9, NL(30) Priority 5 hours. 1976, 76Ο22Ο9, NL

(71) Ansøger HA.ZEMEIJER B.V., Hengelo, NL.(71) Applicant HA.ZEMEIJER B.V., Hengelo, NL.

(72) Opfinder Joseph Hubertus Franciscus Gerardus Lipperts, NL.(72) Inventor Joseph Hubertus Franciscus Gerardus Lipperts, NL.

(74) Fuldmægtig Ingeniørfirmaet Budde, Schou & Co.(74) Associate Engineering Company Budde, Schou & Co.

(54) Vakuumafbryder.(54) Vacuum switch.

Opfindelsen angår en vakuumafbryder, som omfatter et evakueret hylster, hvori der er anbragt to stationære kontaktelementer med mellemliggende elektrisk isolerende spalte, der i afbryderens lukkede tilstand er kortsluttet ved et tredie bevægeligt, U-formet kontaktelement og en elektromagnetisk spole, der er Indrettet til i og ved spalten mellem kontaktelementerne at tilvejebringe et magnetfelt i hovedsagen vinkelret på kontaktelementerne. En vakuumafbryder af denne art er beskrevet i britisk patentskrift nr.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vacuum switch comprising an evacuated casing in which are arranged two stationary contact elements with intermediate electrically insulating slots, which in the closed state of the switch are short-circuited by a third movable, U-shaped contact element and an electromagnetic coil arranged for and, by providing the gap between the contact elements, a magnetic field substantially perpendicular to the contact elements. A vacuum switch of this kind is disclosed in British Patent Specification no.

OQ 1.258.015.OQ 1.2581.015.

Denne kendte vakuumafbryder er forsynet med en elektro-;\J magnetisk spole, der omgiver vakuumafbryderens kapsel. Den ene af spolens ender er forbundet med et bevægeligt kontaktelement i vakuumafbryderen, r— hvorved afbryderens andet stationære element og den anden ende af spolen ^ kan anvendes til at forbinde vakuumkontakten med den strømkreds, der □ 2 144227 skal beskyttes. Spolen er serieforbundet med de to kontaktelementer, og når der løber en elektrisk strøm gennem vakuumafbryderen, og dermed tillige gennem spolen, frembringer spolen et aksialt magnetfelt, dvs. et magnetfelt, der under strømafbrydelsesperioder er parallelt med spaltebredden mellem kontaktelementerne og paralelt med den lysbue, der skal afbrydes mellem kontaktelementerne. Magnetfeltet Øger vakuumafbryderens strømbryderkapacitet. I den kendte vakuumafbryder er spolen hele tiden opladet, dvs. tillige når afbryderen er i en lukket stilling, hvori magnetfeltet ikke behøves. Dette medfører et unødvendigt energitab i spolen, og der frembringes en temperaturstigning i vakuumafbryderen, hvorved vakuumafbryderens strømafbryderkapacitet på uønsket måde reduceres.This known vacuum switch is provided with an electro - magnetic coil surrounding the vacuum switch capsule. One of the ends of the coil is connected to a moving contact element in the vacuum switch, r - whereby the other stationary element of the switch and the other end of the coil ^ can be used to connect the vacuum contact with the circuit to be protected. The coil is connected in series with the two contact elements, and when an electric current passes through the vacuum switch, and thus also through the coil, the coil produces an axial magnetic field, ie. a magnetic field which, during power-off periods, is parallel to the gap width between the contact elements and parallel to the arc to be interrupted between the contact elements. Magnetic field Increases the circuit breaker's circuit breaker capacity. In the known vacuum switch, the coil is constantly charged, ie. also when the switch is in a closed position in which the magnetic field is not needed. This results in an unnecessary loss of energy in the coil, and a temperature rise is produced in the vacuum switch, thereby undesirably reducing the capacity of the vacuum switch.

Opfindelsen har til formål at tilvejebringe en vakuumafbryder hvori spolen kun er opladet under afbryderoperationen, dvs. når kon-taktelementerne er åbne, og når der er tilvejebragt en elektrisk bue mellem disse. Dette formål opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved, at spolens to ledningsender er forbundet med hver sin metalskive, der er indbyrdes adskilt ved en elektrisk isolerende skive, hvorhos den enhed, der består af de to metalskiver og den mellemliggende isolerende skive, er anbragt i spalten mellem de to stationære kontaktelementer .The invention has for its object to provide a vacuum switch in which the coil is charged only during the switch operation, ie. when the contact elements are open and when an electric arc is provided between them. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the two wiring ends of the coil are connected to each of their metal discs, which are separated from each other by an electrically insulating disc, wherein the unit consisting of the two metal discs and the intermediate insulating disc is arranged in the gap between the two. two stationary contact elements.

Ifølge opfindelsen kan spolen være monteret på kapslens udvendige side, medens spolens ender er ført ind i kapslen gennem en tætnende isolator, der udgør en del af kapselvæggen.According to the invention, the coil may be mounted on the outer side of the capsule, while the ends of the coil are passed into the capsule through a sealing insulator forming part of the capsule wall.

Kapslen kan ifølge opfindelsen omfatte en metalcylinder, der har en isolerende strimmel, der er stukket ind i cylindervæggen, og som danner den elektromagnetiske spole, der forløber over en vinkelbue på i det væsentlige 360° omkring cylinderens centrum, hvorhos den ene ende af spolen er udformet som en elektrisk leder, der forbinder den ene metalskive og et område på metalcylinderen umiddelbart ved den ene side af den isolerende strimmel, medens den anden ende er udformet som en yderligere elektrisk leder, der forbinder den anden metalskive og et område på cylinderen umiddelbart ved siden af 3 144227 den anden side af den isolerende strimmel.The capsule may, according to the invention, comprise a metal cylinder having an insulating strip inserted into the cylinder wall and forming the electromagnetic coil extending over an angular arc of substantially 360 ° about the center of the cylinder, one end of which is the coil. formed as an electrical conductor connecting one metal disc and a region of the metal cylinder immediately at one side of the insulating strip, while the other end is configured as an additional electrical conductor connecting the other metal disc and a region of the cylinder immediately at side of 3 144227 the other side of the insulating strip.

Ved en på denne måde udformet vakuumafbryder opnås, at der kan spares en særskilt spole, idet dennes funktion varetages af en del af kapslen, dvs. metalcylinderen.By means of a vacuum switch designed in this way, a separate coil can be saved, the function of which is performed by a part of the capsule, ie. metal cylinder.

En yderligere fordel ved at anbringe den indretning, der omfatter de to metalskiver og den isolerende skive, inde i spalten mellem de to kontaktelementer består i, at den størst mulige spændingsbue under afbryderoperationen bliver mindre, hvorvedyakuumafbryderens strømafbryderkapacitet øges, hvilket er beskrevet i Mitchell's artiklen "High Current Vacuum Art", Del I, "An experimental Study", Proceedings I.E.E., bind 117, nr. 12, December 1970, side 2315 til 2326 incl.A further advantage of placing the device comprising the two metal wafers and the insulating wafer within the gap between the two contact elements is that the largest possible voltage arc during the switching operation is reduced, thereby increasing the power switching capacity of the vacuum switch, as described in Mitchell's article " High Current Vacuum Art ", Part I," An Experimental Study ", Proceedings IEE, Volume 117, No. 12, December 1970, pages 2315 to 2326 incl.

Opfindelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 viser et snit gennem en i overensstemmelse med opfindelsen udformet vakuumafbryder, fig. 2 et snit efter linien II-II i fig. 1, fig. 3 et snit gennem en anden udførelsesform for en vakuumafbryder, og fig. 4 et snit efter linien IV-IV i fig. 3.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which: 1 shows a section through a vacuum switch formed in accordance with the invention; FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a section through another embodiment of a vacuum switch, and FIG. 4 is a section along line IV-IV of FIG. Third

Som det fremgår af fig. 1 og 2 er vakuumaf bryderen forsynet med en evakueret, hermetisk tætnet kapsel, og kapslen er opbygget af en metalcylinder 6 og to isolerende skiver 7 og 8. Inde i kapslen er der anordnet to stationære kontaktelementer 1 og 2, og elementerne 1 og 2 er fastgjort ved hjælp af støtte- eller kontaktstænger 3 henholdsvis 4. Støtteelementerne 3 og 4 er på vakuumtæt måde ført gennem de isolerende skiver 7, henholdsvis 8 og frem til ydersiden. Vakuumafbryderen er forsynet med en elektromagnetisk spole, der omfatter to vindinger 18 og 19, der er indbyrdes forbundet ved hjælp af en leder 24, medens de to spoleender 14 og 15 forløber gennem en isolator 17 og ind i kapslen, hvorhos isolatoren 17 er monteret i metalcylinderen 6. Enderne 14 og 15 er forbundet med metalskiver 12, henholdsvis 13, og en isolerende skive 20 er anbragt mellem skiven 12 og 13. Den indretning, der består af skiverne 12, 13 og 20 er anbragt i midten af den isolerende spalte mellem kontaktelementerne 1 og 2 og er fastholdt ved hjælp af enderne 14 og 15 samt ved hjælp af metalstængerne 15'. Stængerne 15' er fastgjort til metalcylinderen 6's indervæg ved hjælp af isolatorer 16.As shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the vacuum switch is provided with an evacuated, hermetically sealed capsule, and the capsule is made up of a metal cylinder 6 and two insulating washers 7 and 8. Inside the capsule are disposed two stationary contact members 1 and 2 and the members 1 and 2 are secured by means of support or contact rods 3 and 4 respectively. The support elements 3 and 4 are passed in a vacuum-tight manner through the insulating discs 7, 8 and to the outside, respectively. The vacuum switch is provided with an electromagnetic coil comprising two turns 18 and 19 connected by means of a conductor 24, while the two coil ends 14 and 15 extend through an insulator 17 and into the capsule where the insulator 17 is mounted. the metal cylinder 6. The ends 14 and 15 are connected to metal discs 12 and 13, respectively, and an insulating disc 20 is arranged between the discs 12 and 13. The device consisting of the discs 12, 13 and 20 is placed in the middle of the insulating gap between the contact elements 1 and 2 and are secured by the ends 14 and 15 and by the metal bars 15 '. The rods 15 'are attached to the inner wall of the metal cylinder 6 by means of insulators 16.

De to stationære kontaktelementer 1 og 2 kan være forbundet ved et U-formet bevægeligt kontaktelement 5, der er tilvejebragt ved enden af en kontaktstang 5a. Stangen 5a er på vakuumtæt måde 4 144227 ført gennem kapslen ved hjælp af en fleksibel bælg 11. Kontaktstangen 5a kan bevæges op og ned, idet den er forbundet med den fleksible bælg, hvorved de stationære kontaktelementer 1 og 2 kan forbindes eller adskilles. Den fleksible bælg 11 er anbragt i et kammer 9, der står i forbindelse med det indre af metalcylinderen 6. Kammeret 9 er lukket ved en ringformet plade 10, og kontaktstangen 5a forløber gennem denne plade. I fig. 1 og 2 er vakuumafbryderen afbildet i en sluttet tilstand. Når vakuumafbryderen skal åbnes, trækkes kontaktstangen 5a nedad ved hjælp af en ikke vist styremekanisme, hvorved der først dannes to lysbuer, dvs. mellem kontaktstangen 3 og kontaktelementet 5 og mellem kontaktstangen 4 og kontaktelementet 5.The two stationary contact elements 1 and 2 may be connected by a U-shaped movable contact element 5 provided at the end of a contact rod 5a. The rod 5a is passed through the capsule in a vacuum-tight manner by means of a flexible bellows 11. The contact rod 5a can be moved up and down as it is connected to the flexible bellows whereby the stationary contact elements 1 and 2 can be connected or separated. The flexible bellows 11 is arranged in a chamber 9 which communicates with the interior of the metal cylinder 6. The chamber 9 is closed by an annular plate 10 and the contact rod 5a extends through this plate. In FIG. 1 and 2, the vacuum switch is depicted in a closed state. When the vacuum switch is to be opened, the contact rod 5a is pulled down by means of a control mechanism (not shown), thereby first forming two arcs, ie. between the contact rod 3 and the contact element 5 and between the contact rod 4 and the contact element 5.

På grund af kontaktelementet 5's U-form vil begge buer bevæge sig opad (fig. 1) og nå rummet mellem kontaktelementet 1 og metalskiven 13 og mellem kontaktelementet 2 og metalskiven 12.Strømmen vil herefter løbe gennem kontaktstangen 3, kontaktelementet 1, via buen mellem kontaktelementet 1 og metalskiven 13, gennem metalskiven 13, enden 15, snoningen 18, lederen 24, snoningen 19, enden 14, metalskiven 12, over buen mellem skiven 12 og kontaktelementet 2 samt gennem kontaktelementet 2 og kontaktstangen 4. De to snoninger 18 og 19 forløber i samme retning og frembringer et magnetfelt over spalten, dvs. vinkelret på kontaktelementerne 1 og 2 samt parallelt med buerne i spalten mellem kontaktelementet 1 og metalskiven 13 samt mellem kontaktelementet 2 og metalskiven 12. Buens spændingsfald vil således blive væsentligt nedsat.Due to the U-shape of the contact element 5, both arcs will move upwards (Fig. 1) and reach the space between the contact element 1 and the metal disc 13 and between the contact element 2 and the metal disc 12. The current will then flow through the contact rod 3, the contact element 1, via the arc between the contact element 1 and the metal disc 13, through the metal disc 13, the end 15, the twist 18, the conductor 24, the twist 19, the end 14, the metal disc 12, over the arc between the disc 12 and the contact element 2 and through the contact element 2 and the contact rod 4. The two turns 18 and 19 proceeds in the same direction and produces a magnetic field across the gap, ie. perpendicular to the contact elements 1 and 2 and parallel to the arcs in the gap between the contact element 1 and the metal disc 13 as well as between the contact element 2 and the metal disc 12. The arc voltage drop will thus be substantially reduced.

Når vakuumafbryderen er blevet sluttet (fig. 1), bliver de to snoninger 18 og 19 ikke opladet, hvorved der ikke udvikles varme heri.When the vacuum switch has been closed (Fig. 1), the two turns 18 and 19 are not charged, thereby generating no heat therein.

I fig. 3 og 4 er der vist en anden udførelsesform for en vakuumafbryder ifølge opfindelsen. Vakuumafbryderens kapsel er atter sammensat af en metalcylinder 6, der nu indeholder en aksialt forløbende, isolerende strimmel 23. Den indretning, der består af cylinderen 6 og den isolerende strimmel 23, tætnes ved begge ender ved hjælp af to isolerende skiver 7 og 8. To kontaktelementer 1 og 2 er anbragt inde i kapslen, og elementerne 1 og 2 er båret ved hjælp af kontaktstænger 3, henholdsvis 4. Kontaktstængerne 3 og 4 forløber udad på en vakuumtæt måde gennem henholdsvis skiverne 7 og 8.In FIG. 3 and 4, another embodiment of a vacuum switch according to the invention is shown. The vacuum switch capsule is again composed of a metal cylinder 6, now containing an axially extending insulating strip 23. The device consisting of the cylinder 6 and the insulating strip 23 is sealed at both ends by two insulating washers 7 and 8. Two contact members 1 and 2 are disposed within the capsule, and members 1 and 2 are supported by contact rods 3 and 4, respectively. Contact rods 3 and 4 extend outward in a vacuum-tight manner through the washers 7 and 8, respectively.

De to kontaktelementer 1 og 2 kan være forbundet ved et U-formet, bevægeligt kontaktelement 5, der er monteret på en kontrolstang 5a, der forløber udad på vakuumtæt måde ved hjælp af en fleksibel bælg 11. Bælgen 11 er anbragt i et kammer 9, der står i forbindelse med metal- 5 144227 cylinderen 6's indre. Kammeret 9 er lukket ved hjælp af en ringformet plade 10, og kontaktstangen 5a er ført gennem denne plade.The two contact elements 1 and 2 may be connected by a U-shaped movable contact element 5 mounted on a control rod 5a extending outward in a vacuum-tight manner by means of a flexible bellows 11. The bellows 11 is arranged in a chamber 9. which communicates with the interior of the metal cylinder 6. The chamber 9 is closed by means of an annular plate 10 and the contact rod 5a is passed through this plate.

I den i fig. 3 og 4 viste viste udførelsesform udgøres den elektromagnetiske spole af metalcylinderen 6, der er elektrisk afbrudt ved hjælp af den isolerende strimmel 23. Spolen omfatter således i det væsentlige én hel omdrejning. Spolens ender 21 og 22 er fastgjort til metalcylinderen 6 på hver side af den isolerende strimmel 23 og er forbundet med metalskiver 12, henholdsvis 13. Skiverne 12 og 13 er anbragt på hver side af den isolerende skive 20. Den indretning, der består af metalskiverne 12, 13 og den isolerende skive 20, er ophængt i spalten mellem de stationære kontaktelementer 1 og 2 og er fastholdt ved to spoleender 21 og 22 samt to metalstøtteelementer 15'. Støtteelementerne 15' er fastgjort på metalcylinderen 6's indervæg ved hjælp af isolatorer 16. Virkemåden for den i fig. 3 og 4 viste vakuumafbryder svarer i det hele til virkemåden for den i fig. 1 og 2 viste vakuumafbryder. Når afbryderen åbnes, hvorved den bevægelige kontaktstang 5 bevæges nedad over en vis længde, er strømforløbet under afbrydelsen således: gennem kontaktstangen 3, kontaktelementet 1, via en bue i retning mod metalskiven 13, gennem enden 22, metalcylinderen 6 (i fig. 4 i urets retning) imod den anden ende 21, gennem metalskiven 12, via en anden bue i retning mod det andet kontaktelement 2 og endelig via den anden kontaktstang 4.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and 4, the electromagnetic coil is formed by the metal cylinder 6 electrically disconnected by the insulating strip 23. The coil thus comprises essentially one full revolution. The ends 21 and 22 of the coil are attached to the metal cylinder 6 on each side of the insulating strip 23 and are connected to metal discs 12, respectively 13. The discs 12 and 13 are arranged on each side of the insulating disc 20. The device consisting of the metal discs 12, 13 and the insulating disc 20 are suspended in the gap between the stationary contact members 1 and 2 and are held at two coil ends 21 and 22 as well as two metal support elements 15 '. The support members 15 'are secured to the inner wall of the metal cylinder 6 by means of insulators 16. The operation of the embodiment of FIG. 3 and 4, the vacuum switch shown in general corresponds to the operation of the one shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the vacuum switch. When the switch is opened, whereby the movable contact rod 5 moves downward over a certain length, the current flow during the interruption is as follows: through the contact rod 3, the contact element 1, via an arc towards the metal disc 13, through the end 22, the metal cylinder 6 (in Fig. 4 in clockwise) towards the other end 21, through the metal disk 12, via a second arc in the direction of the second contact element 2 and finally via the second contact rod 4.

I den i fig. 3 og 4 viste vakuumafbryder løber der ingen strøm gennem spolen, dvs. gennem metalcylinderen 6, når afbryderen er i sin sluttede tilstand.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and 4, there is no current flowing through the coil, ie. through the metal cylinder 6 when the switch is in its closed state.

DK90877A 1958-05-09 1977-03-02 VACUUM SWITCH DK144227C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE853758X 1958-05-09
SE853758X 1958-05-09
SE1102044X 1958-05-09
SE1102044X 1958-05-09
NL7602209 1976-03-03
NL7602209.A NL161609C (en) 1976-03-03 1976-03-03 VACUUM SWITCH.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK90877A DK90877A (en) 1977-09-04
DK144227B true DK144227B (en) 1982-01-18
DK144227C DK144227C (en) 1982-06-21

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DK90877A DK144227C (en) 1958-05-09 1977-03-02 VACUUM SWITCH

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4797051A (en) * 1984-03-26 1989-01-10 Westendorf Mfg. Co., Inc. Loader device for a tractor

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DK90877A (en) 1977-09-04
DK144227C (en) 1982-06-21
GB853758A (en) 1960-11-09

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