DK141869B - Transparent heat insulating screen. - Google Patents
Transparent heat insulating screen. Download PDFInfo
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- DK141869B DK141869B DK99673A DK99673A DK141869B DK 141869 B DK141869 B DK 141869B DK 99673 A DK99673 A DK 99673A DK 99673 A DK99673 A DK 99673A DK 141869 B DK141869 B DK 141869B
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- Prior art keywords
- plate
- screen according
- heat insulating
- oxide
- coating
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/02—Doors specially adapted for stoves or ranges
- F24C15/04—Doors specially adapted for stoves or ranges with transparent panels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/225—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/25—Oxides by deposition from the liquid phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
- F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
- F23M11/042—Viewing ports of windows
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/211—SnO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/213—SiO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/215—In2O3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/23—Mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/24—Doped oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/25—Metals
- C03C2217/251—Al, Cu, Mg or noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/28—Other inorganic materials
- C03C2217/281—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/28—Other inorganic materials
- C03C2217/282—Carbides, silicides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/28—Other inorganic materials
- C03C2217/287—Chalcogenides
- C03C2217/288—Sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Description
141869141869
Opfindelsen angår en transparent varmeisolerende skærm, som er beregnet til at udgøre en del af en afgrænsning af en ovn.The invention relates to a transparent heat-insulating screen, which is intended to form part of a furnace definition.
Glasplader har potentiel værdi ved konstruktion af varmeisolerende skærme til forskellige former for genstande og Isolationer. Et eksempel 5 er anvendelsen af sådanne plader ved fremstilling af inspektionsvinduer eller døre i forskellige typer ovne.Glass panels have potential value in designing heat-insulating screens for various types of objects and insulation. An example 5 is the use of such plates in the manufacture of inspection windows or doors in various types of furnaces.
Imidlertid er ikke-behandlede glaspaneler ikke egnede til anvendelse i varmeisolerende skærme, som skal indarbejdes i væggene i forskellige typer ovne, når disse opvarmes til høje temperaturer, da sådanne 10 plader ikke er i stand til at opfylde minimale styrkekrav. Det er ikke kun mekanisk styrke eller med andre ord modstandsevnen overfor brud under eksternt påtrykte mekaniske kræfter, som er vigtig, men også skærmens evne til at modstå termiske chok. En anden meget vigtig faktor er forholdet mellem styrken og vægten af pladen eller pladerne, 15 som udgør skærmen.However, non-treated glass panels are not suitable for use in heat insulating screens which must be incorporated into the walls of various types of furnaces when heated to high temperatures, as such sheets are not capable of meeting minimum strength requirements. It is not only mechanical strength or, in other words, resistance to breakage under externally applied mechanical forces that is important, but also the ability of the screen to withstand thermal shock. Another very important factor is the relationship between the strength and weight of the plate (s), which make up the screen.
Den foreliggende opfindelse muliggør, at der kan fremstilles varmeisolerende skærme med plader af glas eller vitro krystallinsk materiale, som opfylder forskellige tekniske krav, som ikke kan opfyldes af de tidligere foreslåede glasskærme.The present invention enables heat-insulating screens with sheets of glass or in vitro crystalline material which meet various technical requirements which cannot be met by the previously proposed glass screens.
20 Ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse er der tilvejebragt en transpa rent varmeisolerende skærm, som er beregnet til at udgøre en del af en ovn, og med to plader af glas- eller vitrokrystallinsk materiale, der er anbragt parallelt med hinanden, og hvor mindst en af pladerne er kemisk hærdet, og skærmen er ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at 25 pladen, som vender mod ovnens yderside, er kemisk hærdet, og at pladen, som vender mod det indre af ovnen, bærer en belægning, som reflekterer infrarød stråling, hvilken belægning omfatter mindst et oxid valgt blandt tinoxid og indiumoxid.According to the present invention, there is provided a transparent thermal insulating screen, which is intended to form part of a furnace, and having two sheets of glass or vitrocrystalline material arranged parallel to each other, wherein at least one of the plates is chemically cured and the screen according to the invention is characterized in that the plate facing the exterior of the furnace is chemically cured and that the plate facing the interior of the furnace carries a coating reflecting infrared radiation, which coating comprises at least one oxide selected from tin oxide and indium oxide.
Opfindelsen medfører en kombination af vigtige fordele. Ved anven-30 delse af en kemisk hærdet plade af glas eller vitrokrystallinsk materiale er det muligt at fremstille en skærm med stor mekanisk styrke og modstandsevne overfor termiske chok, medens der samtidig kan anvendes en plade, som er væsentligt tyndere end en ikke-hærdet plade med sammenlignelig styrke. Endvidere vil en hærdet plade sædvanligvis 35 opretholde sin mekaniske styrke over et større temperaturområde end en tilsvarende men ikke hærdet plade. Da en kemisk hærdet plade kan være forholdsvis tynd, kan den have forholdsvis lille vægt, og dette har betydelig værdi i praksis ved ovnfremstilling, hvor vægthensyn er væsentlige, bl.a. fordi vægten af installationen stiger, hvis der benyttes en tung skærm, og også på grund af nødvendigheden af at benytte 2 141869 tunge understøtninger for skærmen. Dette er spild af råstoffer og er økonomisk ugunstigt, navnlig nir det drejer sig om masseproducerede kogeovne. Opfindelsen medfører endvidere den fordel, at en kemisk hærdet plade har specielle fordelagtige egenskaber, selv ved meget høje 5 temperaturer, således som disse opstår, f.eks. når pladen udgør en del af en skærm, som indgår i en ovn væg.The invention provides a combination of important advantages. By using a chemically cured sheet of glass or vitrocrystalline material, it is possible to produce a screen of high mechanical strength and resistance to thermal shock, while at the same time a sheet which is substantially thinner than a non-cured sheet can be used. with comparable strength. Furthermore, a cured sheet will usually maintain its mechanical strength over a larger temperature range than a corresponding but not cured sheet. Since a chemically cured plate may be relatively thin, it may have relatively small weight, and this has considerable value in practice in furnace manufacturing, where weight considerations are essential, i. because the weight of the installation increases if a heavy screen is used, and also because of the necessity of using 2 141869 heavy screen supports. This is a waste of raw materials and is economically disadvantageous, especially when it comes to mass-produced stoves. The invention furthermore has the advantage that a chemically cured sheet has special advantageous properties, even at very high temperatures as these arise, e.g. when the plate forms part of a screen that is part of an oven wall.
Pladerne af glas eller vitrokrystallinsk materiale, som indgår i skærmen, kan være plane eller krumme, og når det gælder krumme plader, kan krumningen være en sådan, at overfladerne af pladerne er 10 udfoldelige eller ikke-udfoldelige. Endvidere kan de plader, som anvendes til skærmen, have samme tykkelse overalt, eller de kan variere i tykkelse fra en del til en anden, f.eks. på samme måde som i en linse.The sheets of glass or vitrocrystalline material included in the screen may be planar or curved, and in the case of curved plates, the curvature may be such that the surfaces of the plates are unfoldable or unfoldable. Furthermore, the sheets used for the screen may have the same thickness throughout, or they may vary in thickness from one part to another, e.g. in the same way as in a lens.
De vitrokrystallinske plader, som indgår i en skærm, kan være transparente. En sådan skærm kan anvendes som et observationsvindue 15 i en ovn.The vitrocrystalline plates included in a screen may be transparent. Such a screen can be used as an observation window 15 in an oven.
Den ene plade eller hver af pladerne kan udgøres af en plade af sodakalkglas. Sodakalkglas er forholdsvis billigt.One or each of the plates may be a soda lime glass plate. Soda lime glass is relatively inexpensive.
Den kemiske hærdning af en glas eller vitrokrystallinsk plade, således som det er i og for sig kendt, medfører diffusion af ioner ind i 20 pladens overfladelag fra et kontaktmedium, medens pladen er opvarmet, og under sådanne betingelser, at overfladekompressionspåvirkninger opbygges f de nævnte lag, efterhånden som en sådan diffusion optræder, eller senere, når pladerne afkøles. Det foretrækkes, at en kemisk hærdningsbehandling af en plade, som anvendes til en skærm ifølge 25 opfindelsen, er en, hvori diffusionen af ioner ind i pladens overfladelag har fundet sted på begge sider af pladen og over hele arealet eller i det væsentlige hele arealet. I enkelte tilfælde er det imidlertid hensigtsmæssigt at benytte en plade, som er blevet hærdet ved diffusion af ioner, kun ind i den ene af fladerne.The chemical curing of a glass or vitrocrystalline plate, as is known per se, causes diffusion of ions into the surface layer of the plate from a contact medium while the plate is heated, and under such conditions that surface compression effects build up in said layers. , as such diffusion occurs, or later when the plates are cooled. It is preferred that a chemical cure treatment of a plate used for a screen according to the invention is one in which the diffusion of ions into the surface layer of the plate has occurred on both sides of the plate and over the whole area or substantially the entire area. In some cases, however, it is advisable to use a plate which has been cured by diffusion of ions into only one of the surfaces.
30 Den kemisk hærdede plade kan være en plade, som har været underkastet kemisk hærdningsbehandling af en type, som medfører bytning af aikalimetalioner mellem pladen og et behandlingsmedium. Sådanne behandlinger kan gennemføres let og billigt, og de tillader, at meget store overfladekompressionspåvirkninger opbygges, således at 35 pladen har et meget stort forhold mellem styrke og vægt. Behandlinger, som medfører en sådan bytning af aikalimetalioner, kan klassificeres som højtemperatur-og lavtemperaturbehandlinger. Ved ionbytningsbehandlinger ved høj temperatur erstattes ioner i overfladelagene af en glasplade med ioner, som på de nævnte overfladelag giver en lavere termisk udvidelseskoefficient, medens glasset har en temperatur over 141869 3 udglødningstemperaturen. Ved ionbehandlinger ved lav temperatur bliver ioner i glassets overfladelag erstattet med større ioner, medens glasset har en temperatur under udglødningstemperaturen.The chemically cured plate may be a plate which has been subjected to chemical curing treatment of a type which causes the exchange of alkali metal ions between the plate and a treatment medium. Such treatments can be carried out easily and inexpensively, and allow very large surface compression effects to be built up so that the plate has a very high strength-to-weight ratio. Treatments which result in such exchange of alkali metal ions can be classified as high temperature and low temperature treatments. In high temperature ion exchange treatments, ions in the surface layers are replaced by a glass plate with ions which, on said surface layers, provide a lower thermal expansion coefficient while the glass has a temperature above the annealing temperature. In low-temperature ion treatments, ions in the surface of the glass are replaced with larger ions, while the glass has a temperature below the annealing temperature.
Ved fremstilling af de mest foretrukne udførelsesformer for skærme 5 ifølge opfindelsen anvendes der en behandling i henhold til den anden type kemiske hærdningsbehandling, og den nævnte skærm omfatter mindst en glas- eller vitrokrystallinsk plade, som er blevet underkastet en kemisk hærdningsbehandling, som medfører diffusion af kaliumioner ind i pladen som erstatning for natriumioner. En plade, som er blevet 10 kemisk hærdet ved en sådan proces, beholder overfladekompressionspåvirkningerne op til forholdsvis høje temperaturniveauer.In the manufacture of the most preferred embodiments of screens 5 of the invention, a treatment according to the second type of chemical cure treatment is used, and said screen comprises at least one glass or vitrocrystalline plate which has been subjected to a chemical cure treatment which causes diffusion of potassium ions into the plate to replace sodium ions. A plate that has been chemically cured by such a process retains the surface compression effects up to relatively high temperature levels.
Der foreligger andre former for kemisk hærdningsbehandling, som kan anvendes ved fremstilling af en plade af glas- eller vitrokrystallinsk materiale til anvendelse i en skærm ifølge opfindelsen. F.eks. kan 15 overfladekompressionspåvirkninger opbygges i overfladelagene i glasset ved at forårsage, at ioner diffunderer ind i lagene fra et kontaktmedium under påvirkning fra et elektrisk felt, således at denne behandling ikke ledsages af en diffusion af ioner til det pågældende medium fra glasset eller det vitrokrystallinske materiale.There are other forms of chemical cure treatment which can be used in the manufacture of a sheet of glass or vitrocrystalline material for use in a screen according to the invention. Eg. For example, 15 surface compression effects can be built up in the surface layers of the glass by causing ions to diffuse into the layers of a contact medium under the influence of an electric field, so that this treatment is not accompanied by a diffusion of ions into that medium from the glass or the vitrocrystalline material.
20 En udførelsesform for skærmen er ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at pladerne holdes fra hinanden i en afstand, som mindst er lig med tykkelsen af pladerne eller tykkelsen af den tyndeste af disse, hvis de har forskellig tykkelse. Hvis denne betingelse opfyldes, understøttes opnåelsen af en effektiv termisk isolation. Sædvanligvis vil 25 effektiviteten være større, hvis afstanden mellem pladerne er større.An embodiment of the screen according to the invention is characterized in that the plates are kept apart at a distance which is at least equal to the thickness of the plates or the thickness of the thinnest if they have different thickness. If this condition is met, the achievement of an effective thermal insulation is supported. Usually, the efficiency will be greater if the distance between the plates is greater.
Ved et omhyggeligt valg af denne afstand er det muligt at sikre, at temperaturen i en af de ydre flader af skærmen vil være lavere end temperaturen i den anden af disse flader, i det mindste en vis minimumsværdi mindre, når den nævnte anden flade direkte bestråles fra det 30 indre af en ovn ved en given arbejdstemperatur. Temperaturforskellen kan f.eks. være således, at den formindsker eller eliminerer risikoen for forbrændinger, hvis personer skal berøre ydersiden af skærmen.By carefully selecting this distance, it is possible to ensure that the temperature in one of the outer surfaces of the screen will be lower than the temperature of the other of these surfaces, at least some minimum value less when said second surface is directly irradiated. from the interior of an oven at a given operating temperature. The temperature difference can e.g. be such that it reduces or eliminates the risk of burns if people are to touch the outside of the screen.
Denne sikkerhedsfaktor er særlig vigtig, når det drejer sig om skærme til husholdningsovne, som benyttes, hvor børn færdes.This safety factor is especially important when it comes to household stove screens, which are used where children move.
35 I en skærm, som omfatter i afstand fra hinanden anbragte plader, således som nævnt i det foregående, er det ifølge opfindelsen fordelagtigt, såfremt en af de nævnte plader består af borsilikatglas, som har en termisk udvidelseskoefficient på mindre end 5 x 10 ® pr. °C, En borsilikatglasplade er meget modstandsdygtig overfor termiske chok, og en sådan skærm har således fordelagtige egenskaber, når den monteres 4 141869 med barsi I i katgi asset på den side af skærmen, som vender mod det indre af ovnen.In a screen comprising spaced apart plates, as mentioned above, it is advantageous according to the invention if one of said plates consists of borosilicate glass having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 5 x 10 . ° C, A borosilicate glass plate is very resistant to thermal shocks, and such a screen thus has advantageous properties when mounted with bari I in katgi asset on the side of the screen facing the interior of the furnace.
I skærmen ifølge opfindelsen findes der en første glas- eller vitro-krystallinsk plade, som er bfevet kemisk hærdet, og som udgør en af de 5 ydre flader af skærmen, samt mindst en anden glas- eller vitrokrystal-linsk plade, som har en belægning, der reflekterer infrarød stråling.In the screen of the invention there is provided a first glass or in vitro crystalline plate which is chemically cured and constitutes one of the 5 outer faces of the screen, as well as at least one other glass or vitro crystal laminated plate having a coating. that reflects infrared radiation.
Nar en sidan skærm monteres i en ovnvæg med den nævnte første plade som ydersiden af ovnen, holdes den eller de hærdede plader på en lavere temperatur end hvad der ville være tilfældet, hvis der ikke 10 fandtes en på denne måde belagt plade. Dette muliggør, at pladen eller pladerne på ydersiden af en sådan eller sådanne belagte plader kan opretholde tilstrækkelig mekanisk styrke, også over et større arbejds-temperaturområde i ovnen, og dette muliggør også, at der til samme arbejdstemperaturområde kan benyttes yderplader, som er tyndere, og 15 som alligevel har den samme mekaniske styrke.When a side screen is mounted in an oven wall with said first plate as the outside of the oven, the cured plate (s) are kept at a lower temperature than would be the case if no such plate was coated in this way. This allows the plate or plates on the outside of such or such coated plates to maintain sufficient mechanical strength, even over a larger operating temperature range in the furnace, and this also allows the use of outer plates which are thinner for the same operating temperature range. and 15 which nevertheless have the same mechanical strength.
En sådan belægning kan bestå af et enkelt lag eller den kan bestå af flere lag, som omfatter et antal lag af ens eller forskellig tykkelse.Such a coating may consist of a single layer or it may consist of several layers comprising a plurality of layers of equal or different thickness.
De forskellige lag i belægningen kan være af samme belægningsmateriale eller af forskellige materialer.The different layers of the coating may be of the same coating material or of different materials.
20 Ifølge en anden foretrukken udførelsesform foreslås det, at pladen, som bærer belægningen, som reflekterer infrarød stråling, er kemisk hærdet. Også her . kan en sådan belagt plade gøres tyndere for at opnå den samme mekaniske styrke, men med reduceret totalvægt af skærmen. Sådanne udførelsesformer medfører også den specielle fordel, at begge 25 ydersiderne af skærmen kan gøres meget modstandsdygtige overfor mekaniske chok, og dette har stor praktisk betydning, hvor begge sider af skærmen fra tid til anden udsættes for stråling, således som tilfældet er, når skærmen indgår i en kogeovnsdør.According to another preferred embodiment, it is suggested that the plate bearing the coating reflecting infrared radiation is chemically cured. Here too . For example, such a coated sheet can be thinned to achieve the same mechanical strength, but with reduced overall screen weight. Such embodiments also have the special advantage that both outer surfaces of the screen can be made very resistant to mechanical shocks, and this is of great practical importance where both sides of the screen are exposed to radiation from time to time, as is the case when the screen is included. in a stove door.
Fortrinsvis er mindst en af de nævnte glas- eller vitro krysta 11 in ske 30 plader forsynet med en sådan afskærmningsbelægning, som reflekterer infrarød stråling, og som giver pladen en lille energitransmission og en høj energi refleksion, i det mindste inden for en del af bølgelængdeområdet fra 0,8-15 mikron. Dette er det vigtigste af bølgelængdeområderne for infrarød stråling fra det indvendige af en ovn, hvilken stråling bør 35 afskærmes. Flere oxidbelægninger er meget effektive som skærme til refleksion af infrarød stråling, medens de samtidig tillader godt gennemsyn gennem skærmen.Preferably, at least one of said glass or in vitro crystal 11 plates is provided with such a shielding coating which reflects infrared radiation and which gives the plate a small energy transmission and high energy reflection, at least within a portion of the wavelength range. from 0.8-15 microns. This is the most important of the wavelength ranges for infrared radiation from the inside of an oven, which radiation should be shielded. Several oxide coatings are very effective as screens for reflection of infrared radiation, while at the same time allowing for good screen-through viewing.
Ifølge opfindelsen er mindst et oxid valgt blandt følgende grupper: tinoxid og indiumoxid. Disse oxider er de mest effektive, og de er også hårde og slidmodstandsdygtige.According to the invention, at least one oxide is selected from the following groups: tin oxide and indium oxide. These oxides are the most effective, and they are also hard and abrasion resistant.
141869 5141869 5
Ifølge opfindelsen kan mindst en af de nævnte oxidbelægninger indeholde et tilsætningsstof, hvorved refleksionsegenskaberne overfor infrarød stråling for belægningen kan forøges væsentligt.According to the invention, at least one of said oxide coatings may contain an additive, whereby the reflection properties of infrared radiation for the coating can be substantially enhanced.
Ifølge udførelsesformer for opfindelsen, hvor mindst en af de 5 nævnte belægninger består af tinoxid, er det fordelagtigt, at tilsætningsstoffet er ioner eller atomer af antimon og/eller fluor og/eiler chlor, og i de udførelsesformer, hvor mindst en af de nævnte belægninger består af indiumoxid, foretrækkes det, at tilsætningsstoffet er ioner eller atomer af tin og/eller fluor og/eller chlor. Sådanne tilsætningsstof-10 fer er de mest effektive til anvendelse i forbindelse med de tilhørende oxider.According to embodiments of the invention, wherein at least one of said coatings consists of tin oxide, it is advantageous for the additive to be ions or atoms of antimony and / or fluorine and / or chlorine, and in the embodiments wherein at least one of said coatings consisting of indium oxide, it is preferred that the additive be ions or atoms of tin and / or fluorine and / or chlorine. Such additives are the most effective for use with the associated oxides.
Hensigtsmæssigt har mindst en af de nævnte oxidbelægninger ifølge opfindelsen en minimumstykkelse på 1000Å, idet denne tykkelse i mange tilfælde anses for at være det i praksis nødvendige minimum for at opnå 15 tilstrækkelig refleksion af infrarød bestråling.Conveniently, at least one of said oxide coatings according to the invention has a minimum thickness of 1000 Å, since in many cases this thickness is considered to be the practically necessary minimum to obtain sufficient reflection of infrared radiation.
Ved siden af den eller i det mindste en af de nævnte belægninger findes der hensigtsmæssigt ifølge opfindelsen et grundingslag af et stof, som er kemisk inaktivt i forhold til belægningen og til materialet i den belagte flade af den belagte plade. Dette træk er specielt vigtigt, når 20 der er risiko for en reaktion mellem belægningsmaterialet og pladen, og som kan forringe belægningens strålingsafskærmningsvirkning eller, i det tilfælde, hvor belægningen påføres en kemisk hærdet plade, når ioner fra belægningsmaterialet kan diffundere ind i overfladelag af pladen og således formindske overfladekompressionspåvirkningerne, som 25 er opbygget i pladen ved den kemiske hærdningsproces.Adjacent to the or at least one of said coatings, it is conveniently according to the invention to have a primer layer of a substance which is chemically inactive with respect to the coating and to the material in the coated surface of the coated plate. This feature is especially important when there is a risk of a reaction between the coating material and the plate and which may impair the radiation shielding effect of the coating or, in the case where the coating is applied to a chemically cured plate, when ions from the coating material can diffuse into the surface layer of the plate. thus reducing the surface compression stresses built up in the plate by the chemical curing process.
En specielt fordelagtig udførelsesform er ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at mindst en af de nævnte belægninger består af indiumoxid, ved siden af hvilken der findes et grundingslag af siliciumoxid.A particularly advantageous embodiment according to the invention is characterized in that at least one of said coatings consists of indium oxide, next to which there is a primer layer of silica.
På denne måde forhindres en reaktion mellem indiumoxidbeiægningen og 30 kaliumioner i den belagte plade.In this way, a reaction between the indium oxide coating and 30 potassium ions in the coated plate is prevented.
Hensigtsmæssigt er transmissionen af synligt lys gennem skærmen større end eller lig med 20%. Det er ønskeligt at opnå dette niveau for transmission af synligt lys, hvis der skal opnås tilstrækkeligt gennemsyn gennem skærmen.Conveniently, the transmission of visible light through the screen is greater than or equal to 20%. It is desirable to achieve this level of visible light transmission if sufficient screen penetration is to be achieved.
35 Forskellige foretrukne udførelsesformer for opfindelsen skal heref ter beskrives nærmere under henvisning til ikke-begrænsende eksempler og mere detaljeret under henvisning til den ledsagende tegning, hvor fig. 1 og 2 viser snit gennem udførelsesformer for den varmeisolerende skærm ifølge opfindelsen med to plader af glas, og fig. 3 et snit gennem en anden form for plade til indarbejdelse i en skærm ifølge opfindelsen.Various preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to non-limiting examples and in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 1 and 2 show sections through embodiments of the heat insulating screen according to the invention with two sheets of glass, and fig. 3 is a section through another form of plate for incorporation into a screen according to the invention.
6 1418696 141869
Eksempel 1Example 1
Fig. 2 viser i snit et observationsvindue tii en ovn til kogning af madvarer.FIG. 2 shows in section an observation window tii an oven for cooking food.
Observationsvinduet har form som en dobbelt glasenhed bestående 5 af to plader 16,17 af transparent glas med en afstand fra hinanden på 30 mm. Pladerne 16 og 17 er 2 mm tykke og består af transparent soda-kalkglas med sædvanlig sammensætning (72% SiC>2; 12,5% Na^O; 0,09% K20; 9,4% CaO; 3% MgO; 3% AI2C>3; 0,01% Fe203, alt i vægtprocenter), og pladerne er kemisk hærdede og således forstærket mekanisk ved 10 iondiffusionsbehandling, som forårsager kompressionspåvirkninger i pladernes overfladelag. Den kemiske hærdningsbehandling, som blev gennemført, var en diffusionsbehandling ved lav temperatur, som bestod i neddypning af pladerne i et bad af smeltet kaliumnitrat ved en temperatur på 470°C. Under behandlingen blev natriumioner i pladernes 15 overfladelag byttet med kaliumioner i badet af smeltet kaliumnitrat. Da diameteren af kaliumionerne er større end diameteren af natriumionerne, vil en sådan behandling medføre opbygning af kompressionspåvirkninger i pladernes overfladelag, hvilke kompressionspåvirkninger udligner trækpivirkninger, som opbygges i pladernes midte.The observation window is shaped like a double glazing unit consisting of two sheets 16,17 of transparent glass spaced 30 mm apart. Plates 16 and 17 are 2 mm thick and consist of transparent soda lime glass of the usual composition (72% SiC> 2; 12.5% Na 2 O; 0.09% K 2 O; 9.4% CaO; 3% MgO; 3 % Al 2 C> 3; 0.01% Fe 2 O 3, all in weight percent), and the plates are chemically cured and thus mechanically enhanced by 10 ion diffusion treatment which causes compression effects in the surface layers of the plates. The chemical curing treatment that was carried out was a low temperature diffusion treatment which consisted of immersing the plates in a bath of molten potassium nitrate at a temperature of 470 ° C. During treatment, sodium ions in the surface layers of the plates were exchanged with potassium ions in the bath of molten potassium nitrate. Since the diameter of the potassium ions is greater than the diameter of the sodium ions, such treatment will result in the build-up of compression effects in the surface layers of the plates, which compression effects are similar to tensile peaks which build up in the middle of the plates.
20 Pladen 17, som vendte mod det indvendige af ovnen, var belagt med et lag 18 af SnC>2, indeholdende 1,5 atomer antimon pr. 100 atomer tin, med en tykkelse på 2000Å. Antimonet udgjorde et tilsætningsstof for Sn02, som betydelig forøger belægningens evne til at reflektere infrarød bestråling.The plate 17 facing the interior of the furnace was coated with a layer 18 of SnC> 2, containing 1.5 atoms of antimony per minute. 100 atoms of tin, with a thickness of 2000Å. The antimony constituted an additive for SnO 2, which significantly increases the coating's ability to reflect infrared radiation.
25 Pladen 16 og pladen 17 med belægningen 18 blev holdt i afstand fra hinanden ved hjælp af en aluminiumsramme 13.The plate 16 and the plate 17 with the coating 18 were spaced apart by an aluminum frame 13.
Berøringen mellem rammen 13 og en stålplade 14 i ovnvæggen blev forhindret ved anbringelse af et asbestmel lemlæg 15 mellem rammen 13 og stål pladen 14.The contact between the frame 13 and a steel plate 14 in the furnace wall was prevented by the application of an asbestos flour liner 15 between the frame 13 and the steel plate 14.
30 Ved en temperatur inde i ovnen på 220°C måltes der en temperatur på 75°C i centrum af den ydre flade af pladen 16.At a temperature inside the oven of 220 ° C, a temperature of 75 ° C was measured in the center of the outer surface of the plate 16.
Som en variant blev pladen 17 dækket med en belægning 18 af SnC>2 med en tykkelse på 1500Å.As a variant, plate 17 was covered with a coating 18 of SnC> 2 with a thickness of 1500Å.
Pladen havde en transmission af synligt lys på 65% og en refleksion 35 på 36% for infrarød bestråling med bølgelængder svarende til 2,5 mikron. Skærmen var meget modstandsdygtig overfor brud på grund af termisk chok.The plate had a transmission of visible light of 65% and a reflection 35 of 36% for infrared radiation with wavelengths equal to 2.5 microns. The screen was very resistant to breakage due to thermal shock.
Dette observationsvindue muliggør en effektiv refleksion af infrarød bestråling. Det kan derfor benyttes til observation af varmekilder, som f.eks. det indvendige af ovne, medens intens gennemfaldende in- 141869 7 frarød bestråling samtidig forhindres.This observation window allows for efficient reflection of infrared radiation. It can therefore be used for the observation of heat sources, e.g. the interior of the furnaces, while simultaneously preventing intense radiation from radiation.
Som en yderligere variant kan en belægning 18 af indiumoxid med en tykkelse på 1500Å anvendes, og dette giver pladen 17 en transmission for synligt lys på 70% og en refleksion på 42% for infrarøde stråler 5 med en bølgelængde svarende til 2,5 mikron.As a further variant, a coating 18 of indium oxide having a thickness of 1500Å can be used and this gives the plate 17 a transmission for visible light of 70% and a reflection of 42% for infrared rays 5 with a wavelength corresponding to 2.5 microns.
Når en varmekilde, som skal undersøges, befinder sig ved meget høj temperatur, er den synlige stråling fra kilden meget intens, i hvilket tilfælde der med fordel kan benyttes en glasplade 17, som er farvet, f.eks. med koboltoxid, for at beskytte øjnene.When a heat source to be investigated is at a very high temperature, the visible radiation from the source is very intense, in which case a glass plate 17 which is colored, e.g. with cobalt oxide, to protect the eyes.
Hensigtsmæssigt er belægningen 18 anbragt mod varmekilden for at forhindre overopvarmning af den farvede plade 17.Conveniently, the coating 18 is disposed against the heat source to prevent overheating of the colored plate 17.
Som en variant kan glaspladen 17 forsynes med en belægning af tinoxid vendt mod det indre af ovnen og et ikke vist lag af koboltoxid mod ydersiden.As a variant, the glass plate 17 may be provided with a tin oxide coating facing the interior of the furnace and a layer of cobalt oxide not shown facing the outside.
15 Eksempel 2Example 2
Observationsvinduer og varmeisolerende skærme kan let tilpasses for opfyldelse af specielle krav. F.eks. kan pladen 17 i eksempel 1 erstattes med den plade, som er vist i fig. 3.Observation windows and heat insulating screens can easily be adapted to meet special requirements. Eg. For example, the plate 17 of Example 1 can be replaced by the plate shown in FIG. Third
Pladen 33 i fig. 3 er identisk med den plade, som er nævnt i ek-20 sempel 1, bortset fra, at den er belagt med et siliciumoxidlag 34 med en tykkelse på 100Å og en belægning 35 af Ir^Og med en tykkelse på 2000Å og indeholdende 2,2 atomprocent tin, der virker som tilsætningsstof. Formålet med siliciumoxidlaget 35 er at forhindre enhver kemisk reaktion mellem kaliumioner i overfladelaget af den kemisk hærdede pla-25 de 33 og indiumoxidbelægningen 35 under dannelsen af dette.The plate 33 in FIG. 3 is identical to the plate mentioned in Example 1, except that it is coated with a silica oxide layer 34 having a thickness of 100Å and a coating 35 of Ir ^ and having a thickness of 2000Å and containing 2, 2 atomic percent tin that acts as an additive. The purpose of the silica layer 35 is to prevent any chemical reaction between potassium ions in the surface layer of the chemically cured plate 33 and the indium oxide coating 35 during formation thereof.
Eksempel 3Example 3
Der blev konstrueret en skærm som vist i fig. 1 ved anvendelse af en dobbelt glasenhed bestående af to plader 10 og 11 af transparent glas, anbragt 30 mm fra hinanden.A screen was constructed as shown in FIG. 1 using a double glazing unit consisting of two sheets 10 and 11 of transparent glass, spaced 30 mm apart.
30 Pladerne, som havde følgende sammensætning på vægtbasis: 64%The plates having the following composition by weight: 64%
SiOg, 11% Na20, 6% CaO, 6% MgO, 8% BgOg, ^ Al2°3 °9 spor aF Fe2°3 blev tildelt en iondiffusionsbehandling ved høj temperatur.SiOg, 11% Na2O, 6% CaO, 6% MgO, 8% BgOg, ^ Al2 ° 3 ° 9 trace of Fe2 ° 3 was assigned a high temperature ion diffusion treatment.
Lithiumioner blev diffunderet ind i overfladelagene af glasset ved en temperatur på 590°C. Ionerne stammede fra et smeltet salt, som 35 bestod · af en blanding af 10 vægtprocent UNO^ og 90 vægtprocent NaNOg. Behandlingen varede i 25 minutter, og der blev opnået en stor modstandsdygtighed overfor termiske chok.Lithium ions were diffused into the surface layers of the glass at a temperature of 590 ° C. The ions were derived from a molten salt which consisted of a mixture of 10 wt% UNO 2 and 90 wt% NaNOg. The treatment lasted for 25 minutes and a high resistance to thermal shock was obtained.
Efter afkøling blev pladerne af glas skyllet i 1 minut i en vandig opløsning, som indeholdt 9% flussyre.After cooling, the glass plates were rinsed for 1 minute in an aqueous solution containing 9% hydrofluoric acid.
Efter at pladen 11 var skyllet og tørret, blev den belagt med en 8 141869 belægning 12 af tinoxid med en tilsætning af fluor og chlorioner som tilsætningsstof. Belægningen havde en tykkelse pi omtrent 2000Å og blev påført ved sprøjtning pi glaspladen ved en egnet temperatur af én opløsning bestående af: 46 cm3 SnCL, 6 cm3 HCI, 0,7 cm3 HF, 11 cm3 3 3 ^ 5 metanol, 35 cm vand og 2 cm organisk reduktionsmiddel (i dette specielle tilfælde blev der anvendt phenylhydrazin). Transmissionen for synligt lys gennem skærmen viste sig at være 80%, og den infrarøde refleksion var 30% for en bølgelængde på 2 mi kron og omtrent 60% for bølgelængder over 5 mi kron. Med en ovntemperatur pi 220°C viste 10 temperaturen i centrum af den ydre flade af den ydre plade 10 sig at være 75°C.After the plate 11 was rinsed and dried, it was coated with a tin oxide coating 12 with an addition of fluorine and chlorine ions as an additive. The coating had a thickness of about 2000 Å and was applied by spraying to the glass plate at a suitable temperature of one solution consisting of: 46 cm 3 SnCL, 6 cm 3 HCl, 0.7 cm 3 HF, 11 cm 3 3 5 methanol, 35 cm water and 2 cm organic reducing agent (in this particular case phenylhydrazine was used). The transmission for visible light through the screen was found to be 80%, and the infrared reflection was 30% for a wavelength of 2 m in crown and about 60% for wavelengths above 5 m in crown. With an oven temperature of 220 ° C, the temperature in the center of the outer surface of the outer plate 10 was found to be 75 ° C.
Eksempel 4Example 4
En plade af kemisk hærdet glas blev belagt med indiumoxid ved påsprøjtning af en opløsning af indiumchlorid (vandfrit eller hydratise-15 ret) opløst i butylacetat eller dimethylformamid på pladen efter opvarmning. Belægningen havde en tykkelse på 2000Å til 2500Å, og den belagte plade blev indarbejdet i en skærm som vist i fig. 1. Begge pladerne af glas havde samme sammensætning som den plade, der er beskrevet i eksempel 1, og pladen 10, som vendte mod det ydre af ovnen, var 20 tildelt en kemisk hærdningsbehandling ved lav temperatur for at give en høj mekanisk styrke, hvorimod pladen 11 med indiumoxidbelægningen 12, som vendte mod det indre af ovnen, var tildelt en kemisk hærdningsbehandling ved høj temperatur for at opnå stor modstandsdygtighed overfor termiske chok. Konstruktionen var som beskrevet i eksempel 3.A chemically cured glass plate was coated with indium oxide by spraying a solution of indium chloride (anhydrous or hydrated) dissolved in butyl acetate or dimethylformamide on the plate after heating. The coating had a thickness of 2000Å to 2500Å and the coated plate was incorporated into a screen as shown in FIG. 1. Both sheets of glass had the same composition as the plate described in Example 1, and plate 10 facing the exterior of the furnace was given a low temperature chemical curing treatment to provide a high mechanical strength whereas the plate 11 with the indium oxide coating 12 facing the interior of the furnace was given a high temperature chemical curing treatment to obtain high resistance to thermal shock. The construction was as described in Example 3.
25 Skærmens lystransmission viste sig at være 85%, og brøkdelen af infrarød bestråling, som blev reflekteret, var for en bølgelængde på 2,5 mi kron 40%, og for bølgelængder over 5 mi kron 80-90%.25 The light transmission of the screen was found to be 85%, and the fraction of infrared radiation reflected was for a wavelength of 2.5 m in crown 40% and for wavelengths above 5 m in 80-90%.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU64874 | 1972-03-02 | ||
| LU64874 | 1972-03-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK141869B true DK141869B (en) | 1980-07-07 |
| DK141869C DK141869C (en) | 1980-11-17 |
Family
ID=19726966
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK99673A DK141869B (en) | 1972-03-02 | 1973-02-23 | Transparent heat insulating screen. |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5636136B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE795926A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1014013A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH569246A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2310084C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK141869B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2174589A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1417333A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT977892B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7302772A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO132426C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE412282B (en) |
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| DE2440468C2 (en) * | 1974-08-23 | 1975-11-27 | Deutsche Spiegelglas Ag, 3224 Gruenenplan | EYE PROTECTION FILTERS FOR USE IN WELDING PROTECTION DEVICES |
| JPS537451U (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1978-01-23 | ||
| JPS5314536A (en) * | 1976-07-26 | 1978-02-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Noise filter |
| JPS54103174A (en) * | 1978-01-31 | 1979-08-14 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Cooking instrument |
| JPS5818086Y2 (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1983-04-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | High frequency heater door device |
| JPS5568542A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1980-05-23 | Toshiba Corp | Cooking equipment |
| JPS55140044A (en) * | 1979-04-17 | 1980-11-01 | Tokyo Electric Co Ltd | Cooker |
| JPS5893711U (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-25 | 松下精工株式会社 | heat reflective panel |
| JPS58179735A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1983-10-21 | Toshiba Corp | Oven toaster |
| JPS58179734A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1983-10-21 | Toshiba Corp | Oven toaster |
| US5279851A (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1994-01-18 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing a conductive glass with high strength and wear resistance |
| DE4333033C1 (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-05-24 | Schott Glas | Temperature-insulating viewing window or door for a device with an internal temperature that deviates from its ambient temperature |
| AT409028B (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2002-05-27 | Alfred Dr Schneider | WINDOWS OR GLASS DOORS WITH DOUBLE OR MULTIPLE GLASS PANELS |
| DE19945876C2 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2002-05-16 | Deutsche Bahn Ag | Multi-pane insulating glazing for rail vehicles, especially for high-speed trains |
| FR2873791B1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-11-03 | Eurokera | GLASS MATERIAL PLATE FOR DEVICE TYPE INSERT OF CHIMNEY OR STOVE. |
| EP1933095A1 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-18 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Domestic appliance comprising a fan |
| DE102007041891B4 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2020-07-02 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Door for a home appliance |
| DE102009017547B4 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2022-06-09 | Schott Ag | Glass or glass-ceramic pane reflecting infrared radiation and method for the production thereof |
| KR101983754B1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2019-05-29 | 닛폰 이타가라스 가부시키가이샤 | Single glass for fire door and double glass for fire door |
| JPWO2014168219A1 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2017-02-16 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Fireproof double glazing |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB957373A (en) * | 1961-08-23 | 1964-05-06 | New York Air Brake Co | Window pane |
| GB1222119A (en) * | 1967-04-27 | 1971-02-10 | Glaverbel | Processes for strengthening vitreous, vitrocrystalline and ceramic bodies |
| GB1223775A (en) * | 1968-03-16 | 1971-03-03 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Method of strengthening glass of thin dimension |
| JPS5035271Y2 (en) * | 1971-01-29 | 1975-10-14 | ||
| JPS473169U (en) * | 1971-02-02 | 1972-09-02 |
-
1973
- 1973-02-23 SE SE7302565A patent/SE412282B/en unknown
- 1973-02-23 NO NO73973A patent/NO132426C/no unknown
- 1973-02-23 DK DK99673A patent/DK141869B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-02-26 GB GB942573A patent/GB1417333A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-02-26 FR FR7306820A patent/FR2174589A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-02-26 BE BE795926D patent/BE795926A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-02-26 IT IT6749073A patent/IT977892B/en active
- 1973-02-27 CH CH281573A patent/CH569246A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-02-28 NL NL7302772A patent/NL7302772A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1973-02-28 CA CA164,851A patent/CA1014013A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-02-28 DE DE19732310084 patent/DE2310084C2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-01 JP JP2475273A patent/JPS5636136B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2174589A5 (en) | 1973-10-12 |
| DE2310084C2 (en) | 1983-04-14 |
| JPS48101412A (en) | 1973-12-20 |
| CH569246A5 (en) | 1975-11-14 |
| DK141869C (en) | 1980-11-17 |
| NO132426C (en) | 1975-11-12 |
| GB1417333A (en) | 1975-12-10 |
| AU5267973A (en) | 1974-08-29 |
| JPS5636136B2 (en) | 1981-08-21 |
| CA1014013A (en) | 1977-07-19 |
| NO132426B (en) | 1975-08-04 |
| IT977892B (en) | 1974-09-20 |
| NL7302772A (en) | 1973-09-04 |
| SE412282B (en) | 1980-02-25 |
| BE795926A (en) | 1973-08-27 |
| DE2310084A1 (en) | 1973-09-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |