DK141577B - Carriage for a container. - Google Patents

Description

(11) FREML/E66ELSJESIKRIFT 141577' (%a\(11) FOREIGN / ECONOMIC SECRETARY 141577 '(% a \

1 199 I1 199 I

\Ra/ DANMARK (B1> ® p 9/00 // b 65 g 63/02 §(21) Ansøgning nr. 5227/75 (22) Indleveret den 20· nOV. 1975 (23) Løbedag 20. nOV. 1975 (44) Ansøgningen fremlagt og η η fremlæggeleesekriftet offentliggjort den 2θ. apr. 1 9v0\ Ra / DENMARK (B1> ® p 9/00 // b 65 g 63/02 § (21) Application No. 5227/75 (22) Filed on 20 · Nov. 1975 (23) Running day 20 Nov. 1975 ( 44) The application submitted and the η η presentation reading published on 2θ Apr 1 9v0

DIREKTORATET FORDIRECTORATE OF

PATENT-OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENET (30) Prioritet begæret fra den <71> GEOFFREY FRANCIS MCKENZIE, Ginebunbun, Box No. 271, P.O., Rabaul, Pap»1' pua New Guinea, PG.PATENT AND TRADE MARKET (30) Priority requested from <71> GEOFFREY FRANCIS MCKENZIE, Ginebunbun, Box no. 271, P.O., Rabaul, Pap »1 'pua New Guinea, PG.

(72) Opfinder: Samme.(72) Inventor: Same.

(74) Fuldmægtig under sagens behandling:(74) Plenipotentiary in the proceedings:

Ingeniørfirmaet Hofman-Bang & Boutard.Hofman-Bang & Boutard Engineering Company.

(64) Transportvogn for en container.(64) Transport container for a container.

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en transportvogn af den i den indledende del af krav 1 angivne art.The present invention relates to a carriage of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Transport af gods over land og ad luftvejen i containere er forøget betydeligt i de senere år. Blandt de tidlige systemer, der benyttedes ved søværts transport var det såkaldte Matson system, der introducerede containere med målene 2,44 m x 2,59 m x 7,32 m med specielle hjørnefittings, låseapparater og løftebjælker.Transport of goods over land and by air in containers has increased significantly in recent years. Among the early systems used in maritime transport was the so-called Matson system, which introduced containers measuring 2.44 m x 2.59 m x 7.32 m with special corner fittings, locking devices and lifting beams.

Omtrent på samme tid ombyggede Grace Lines to skibe til benyttelse til containertransport, hvor der blev benyttet containere med målene 2,44 m x 2,44 m x 5,18 m, og hvor der endvidere blev benyttet forskellige typer på låse- og løftesystemer fra Matson typen. Jernbanerne 2 141577 udviklede også deres eget system for containertransport, mest af alt for at imødegå den stadigt stigende konkurrence fra vejtransportindustrien .At about the same time, Grace Lines rebuilt two vessels for use in container transport, using containers with dimensions of 2.44 mx 2.44 mx 5.18 m, and where different types of locking and lifting systems from the Matson type were also used. . Railways 2 141577 also developed their own container transport system, most of all to meet the ever-increasing competition from the road transport industry.

Svarende hertil steg behovet for en standardisering af containernes størrelse, og i slutningen af 1965 godkendte The Internationel Organization for Standardisation (I.S.O.) i stor grad det amerikanske Standards Association standarder for containere. Selv om mange ikke standard containersystemer endnu er i brug, benyttes I.S.O. standardcontainere i stadig stigende grad til transportformål.Similarly, the need for standardization of container size increased, and by the end of 1965, The International Organization for Standardization (I.S.O.) largely approved the American Standards Association standards for containers. Although many non-standard container systems are still in use, I.S.O. standard containers are increasingly being used for transport purposes.

Et resultat af den større benyttelse af containere har været forøgede krav til kajfaciliteter, samt krav til styrkelse af kajarealet på grund af de meget store belastninger, som disse kajer og deres nærmeste omgivelser kan udsættes for. Dette kan naturligvis imødekommes på passende måde og på økonomisk måde i store havne som f.eks. Tokyo, Amsterdam og Sidney, men i mindre havne, som f.eks. mange stillehavshavne, der ikke behandler store godsmængder og således ikke er i stand til at udbygge havnefaciliteterne i stor grad, kan containertransportproblemerne blive ret store.As a result of the greater use of containers, there have been increased requirements for berth facilities, as well as requirements for strengthening the berth area due to the very large loads to which these berths and their immediate surroundings can be exposed. This can, of course, be accommodated appropriately and economically in large ports such as. Tokyo, Amsterdam and Sidney, but in smaller ports such as many Pacific ports that do not process large volumes of goods and thus are not able to expand the port facilities to a large extent, the container transport problems can become quite large.

Nogle af de maskiner, der benyttes ved løftning og transport af containere er f.eks. beskrevet i en artikel i Containerisation International side 43 f.f., maj 1975. Artiklen er skrevet af David R. Lauder fra Containerbases Ltd., og i denne artikel er diskuteret fordelene og ulemperne ved et antal maskiner, og desuden er der fremført kommentarer til de bedste anvendelser for hver type.Some of the machines used for lifting and transporting containers are e.g. described in an article in Containerisation International page 43 et seq., May 1975. The article was written by David R. Lauder of Containerbases Ltd. and this article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a number of machines, and comments on the best uses for each type.

Mellem de diskuterede maskiner findes følgende:Among the machines discussed are the following:

Skinnemonterede Gantry kraner.Rail mounted Gantry cranes.

Disse udgøres af store maskiner, der sædvanligvis er drevet ad elektrisk vej, men på grund af deres installationsomkostninger er de kun økonomiske i havne med store godsmængder.These are made up of large machines, which are usually electrically driven, but because of their installation costs, they are only economical in ports with large volumes of goods.

Dieseldrevne mobile Gantry kraner.Diesel-powered mobile Gantry cranes.

Disse maskiner er forsynet med gummihjul og kan operere de fleste steder, herunder køre over spor. Førerens synsfelt er noget ind- 3 141577 snævret og maskinerne er ret kostbare.These machines are equipped with rubber wheels and can operate in most places, including driving over tracks. The driver's field of view is somewhat narrow and the machines are quite expensive.

Dieseldrevne "Sideloaders"Diesel-powered "Side Loaders"

Disse hører til de første maskiner, der blev indført til håndtering af containere, men der er ved disse maskiner forskellige problemer, der er forårsaget af de modstridende krav om udbalancering af en belastning samtidigt med, at chassiset skal have så lille en bredde som muligt.These are among the first machines introduced to handle containers, but there are various problems with these machines caused by the conflicting requirements for balancing a load while keeping the chassis as small as possible.

Dieseldrevne "Straddle Carriers" “Diesel-powered "Straddle Carriers" “

Disse maskiner er blevet den mest almindelige type for store og mellemstore havneterminaler. Disse maskiner skal imidlertid arbejde næsten uafbrudt for at være økonomiske.These machines have become the most common type for large and medium-sized port terminals. However, these machines have to work almost continuously to be economical.

Frontlæssere.Front loaders.

Store gaffeltrucks forsynet med automatisk eller teleskopisk virkende løftearme kan benyttes ved alle typer containere. Hvor der forefindes en tilstrækkelig stor trafikmængde kan disse maskiner benyttes til transport af tomme containere, men maskinernes kapacitet er begrænset af, at de fleste store gaffeltrucks kun har op til 10 tons løfteevne.Large forklifts with automatic or telescoping lifting arms can be used for all types of containers. Where there is a sufficient amount of traffic, these machines can be used to transport empty containers, but the capacity of the machines is limited by the fact that most large forklifts have only up to 10 tonnes capacity.

Udliggerkraner eller svingbomkraner.Outrigger cranes or swing boom cranes.

Disse benyttes ofte på mindre terminaler til transport af gods mellem skib og kaj, men deres arbejdsfelt er meget begrænset, da containernes hjørnelåse skal indsættes manuelt, og styringen af drejningen af godset sker ved hjælp af én håndline.These are often used at smaller terminals for the carriage of goods between ship and berth, but their field of work is very limited, as the containers' corner locks must be inserted manually and control of the turning of the goods is done with one handline.

Alle de ovenfor omtalte maskiner er meget kostbare og kan kun anvendes på havneterminaler, hvor der forefindes en stor godsmængde, og på grund af maskinernes størrelse og vægt stilles der særlige krav til opbygningen af sådanne kajpassere.All the machines mentioned above are very expensive and can only be used at port terminals where there is a large amount of freight, and due to the size and weight of the machines special requirements are set for the construction of such berths.

Der eksisterer derfor et behov for en billigere type apparat til løftning og transport af containere, specielt på steder, hvor den transporterede godsmængde ikke er meget stor.There is therefore a need for a cheaper type of apparatus for lifting and transporting containers, especially in places where the amount of goods transported is not very large.

4 1415774 141577

Fra svensk fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 318.227 kendes en transportvogn for en container, hvilken transportvogn omfatter en på hjul kørbar U-formet ramme, der på leddelt måde kan kobles til en gaffeltruck. Rammen er ved hjælp af gaffeltruckens løfteorgan drejelig i et lodret plan omkring hjulenes drejningsakser. Ved hjælp af trucken kan rammen manøvreres omkring en container i en passende stilling for tilslutning af koblingsorganer til containerens nederste hjørner. Rammen svinges til en sådan stilling, at koblingsorganerne kan bringes i kontakt med containerens ene ende. Derefter svinges rammen tilbage for indkobling i modsat ende ved hjælp af tilhørende koblingsorganer. Containeren kan nu i en indstillet vandret transportstilling transporteres ved hjælp af trucken.From Swedish Patent Specification No. 318,227 there is known a transport trolley for a container, the transport trolley comprising a wheel-drive U-shaped frame which can be connected in a articulated manner to a forklift. The frame is rotatable by means of the lifting device of the forklift in a vertical plane about the axes of rotation of the wheels. By means of the truck, the frame can be maneuvered around a container in a suitable position for connecting coupling means to the lower corners of the container. The frame is pivoted to such a position that the coupling means can be brought into contact with one end of the container. Then the frame is pivoted back for engagement at the opposite end by associated coupling means. The container can now be transported in a set horizontal transport position by the truck.

Koblingsorganerne ifølge denne kendte teknik består af låsetappe, der er indrettet til at kunne indskydes i modsvarende udsparinger i containerens side. Dette kræver, at rammen skal være nøjagtig afpasset til containeren såvel i langsgående retning som i tværgående retning for at låsetappene skal kunne passe i udsparingerne. Endvidere skal rammen indstyres nøjagtigt for at en indkobling skal kunne foretages. En yderligere forudsætning er naturligvis, at containeren er forsynet med de krævede udsparinger i containerens rammepartier.The coupling means according to this prior art consist of locking pins arranged to be inserted into corresponding recesses in the side of the container. This requires that the frame must be precisely aligned to the container both longitudinally and transversely in order for the locking pins to fit into the recesses. In addition, the frame must be precisely adjusted for a connection to be made. A further prerequisite is, of course, that the container is provided with the required recesses in the frame portions of the container.

Transportvognen ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det, der er angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 1. Ved en således angivet udformning af transportvognen kræves der ikke nogen nøjagtigt udformede udsparinger for låsetappene i containeren. De glidbart lejrede glidelåseorganer kan altid let tilsluttes til containeren, da kæderne muliggør en fleksibel tilpasning af glidelåseorganeme. Disse skal kun ligge an mod containeren ved en passende plan overflade af denne. Ved løftning vil kæderne strækkes og derved trykke glidelåseorganeme imod containeren således, at denne holdes fuldstændigt indstyret i rammen. Det indses, at åbningen mellem rammens ben ikke behøver at være nøjagtigt afpasset til bredden af containeren. Det skal endvidere bemærkes, at glidelåseorganeme ikke udsættes for bøjning på samme måde som låsetappene ifølge det nævnte svenske fremlæggelsesskrift. Låsetappene belastes dels ved et ak-sialt tryk fra containeren dels gennem en skråt nedad rettet trækkraft fra kæden. Denne kraft har i det væsentlige altid samme ret- 5 141577 ning. Glidelåseorganerne påvises således tf to nedad rettede lodrette bøjningskræfter, nemlig dels en Ipdret kraftkomposant for kæden og dels en friktionskraft i glidelåseorganets modsatte ende. Glidelåseorganerne bliver således belastet på en sådan måde, at disse ikke beskadiges under brug.The transport vehicle according to the invention is characterized by that which is defined in the characterizing part of claim 1. In such a design of the transport vehicle no precisely designed recesses for the locking pins in the container are required. The slidably mounted zipper means can always be easily connected to the container as the chains allow for flexible adaptation of the zipper means. These should only be in contact with the container at a suitably level surface thereof. Upon lifting, the chains will be stretched, thereby pushing the zipper members against the container so that it is completely secured in the frame. It will be appreciated that the opening between the frame legs need not be exactly aligned to the width of the container. It should also be noted that the zipper means are not subjected to bending in the same way as the locking pins according to the said Swedish presentation. The locking pins are loaded partly by an axial pressure from the container and partly by an oblique downward pulling force from the chain. This force is essentially always in the same direction. Thus, the zipper means are detected by two downward vertical bending forces, namely, a suppressed force component of the chain and partly a frictional force at the opposite end of the zipper. Thus, the zipper means are loaded in such a way that they are not damaged during use.

Transportvognen ifølge opfindelsen kan være udformet som angivet i krav 2. Derved sikres på enkel måde en pålidelig tilslutning af kæderne til containeren.The transport trolley according to the invention can be configured as claimed in claim 2. This ensures a reliable connection of the chains to the container in a simple manner.

Opfindelsen skal i det følgende nærmere beskrives med henvisning til tegningen, hvor ' -i: « fig, 1 viser et billede, set fra oven, af transportvognen ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 viser et sidebillede af transportvognen ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 3 viser et snitbillede af en chassisrammedel på transportvognen ifølge opfindelsen langs linien Y-Y 1 fig. 2, og visende den kasseformede opbygning af chassiset, fig, 4 viser et snit langs linien X-X i fig. 2, og visende beife-stelsesarrangementet, fig. 5 viser et billede set forfra af bugsenarrangementet (der tænkes anvendt i forbindelse med en gaffeltruck eller et andet passende køretøj), og fig. 6 viser et sidebillede af bugserarrangementet ifølge fig. 5.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: 2 shows a side view of the transport vehicle according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a chassis frame member of the truck according to the invention along the line Y-Y in FIG. 2, showing the box-shaped structure of the chassis; fig. 4 shows a section along the line X-X in fig. 2, showing the fixing arrangement; FIG. 5 shows a front view of the towing arrangement (which is thought to be used in connection with a forklift truck or other suitable vehicle), and FIG. 6 is a side view of the towing arrangement of FIG. 5th

På tegningen betegner henvisningstallene følgende dele: 1. kassedrager for ohassisrammen; 2, trækstang; 3, kugleled; 4, hjul; 5. de nederste glidelåseorganer; 6. drejelåseorganer; 7« løftekæder; 8. container; 9. fundamentplade; 10. kugleunderstøtning; 11. understøttelsesflange for en nedtrykningsstang 13; lg.kug-le; 14. slidser til befæstelsesbolte til gaffelen på en gaffeltruck; .In the drawing, the reference numerals denote the following parts: 1. box carrier for the ohassis frame; 2, drawbar; 3, ball joints; 4, wheels; 5. the lower zipper means; 6. pivot locking means; 7 «lift chains; 8. container; 9. foundation plate; 10. ball support; 11. support flange for a depression rod 13; lg.kug-le; 14. slots for fastening bolts to the fork of a forklift; .

15. de øvre glidelåseorganer, der passer gennem huller 16 i på chassiset fastsatte A-formede konsoller.15. the upper zipper means which pass through holes 16 in the A-shaped brackets provided on the chassis.

6 141577 Når chassiset til understøtningen af en container skal benyttes i forbindelse med manøvrering ved hjælp af en gaffeltruck, fæstnes chassiset til den forreste del af gaffeltrucken ved hjælp af et bugserarrangement. Herunder hænger løftekæderne og drejelåseorga-nerne frit ned. Chassiset manøvreres da i en stilling rundt om containeren med begge sæt glidelåseorganer i yderste position således, at containeren kan få plads mellem chassisets dele. Den forreste del af rammen sænkes ved aktivering af gaffeltrucken således, at løftedrejelåseorganerne indtræder i den nedre løfteposition (i hjørnerne) på containeren, og glidelåseorganerne skubbes i indadgående retning således, at de ligger an mod containeren.6 141577 When the chassis for supporting a container is to be used in connection with maneuvering by a forklift truck, the chassis is attached to the front part of the forklift by means of a towing arrangement. Below, the lift chains and the pivot locks hang freely. The chassis is then maneuvered in a position around the container with both sets of zipper members in the extreme position so that the container can fit between the chassis parts. The front part of the frame is lowered by actuation of the forklift so that the lifting locking means enter the lower lifting position (in the corners) of the container and the zippering means is pushed inwards so that they abut against the container.

Den forreste del af containeren hæves derefter ved aktivering af gaffeltrucken. Naturligvis forbliver drejelåseorganerne i indgreb med containeren under denne operation, og de forreste glidelåse-organer forbliver i stilling imod containerens side under, denne arbejdsgang. Når den forreste del af containeren er hævet tilstrækkeligt, skubbes de bageste glidelåseorganer imod containeren, og de bageste løftedrejelåseorganer indsættes i de nedre stillinger på containeren.The front of the container is then raised by activating the forklift. Of course, the pivot locking means engage with the container during this operation, and the front zipper means remain in position against the side of the container during this operation. When the front portion of the container is raised sufficiently, the rear zipper means are pushed against the container, and the rear lifting latch means are inserted into the lower positions of the container.

Den forreste del af containeren sænkes herefter, og den bageste del af containeren hæves ved hjælp af gaffeltrucken. Ved denne arbejdsgangs afslutning befinder bunden af containeren sig i hovedsagen i vandret plan, og containeren er nu klar til at blive flyttet. Det er klart, at afstanden mellem containeren og jordplanet forrest eller bagest på containeren kan varieres, hvis dette ønskes, og dette kan ske ved en passende operation af gaffeltrucken.The front part of the container is then lowered and the rear part of the container raised by the forklift. At the end of this workflow, the bottom of the container is essentially horizontal, and the container is now ready to be moved. It is clear that the distance between the container and the ground plane at the front or rear of the container can be varied if desired and this can be done by an appropriate operation of the forklift.

Det bemærkes, at skønt det beskrevne chassis til understøtning af container er indrettet til brug for containere med dimensionerne 6,10 m x 2,44 m x 2,44 m, kan også andre containere med andre dimensioner behandles af chassiset ifølge opfindelsen. Ønskelige dimensioner for chassiset ifølge opfindelsen er: Længde overalt ca. 8,53 m maksimal bredde ca. 3>34 m 7 141577 afstand mellem centrene for de bageste og de forreste glidelåseorganer 5,72 jn frigang mellem chassisramme og hjul 7,6 cm afstand mellem hjulcenter og de forreste koffengere 3,05 m afstand mellem hjulcenter og den bageste kofanger 2,67 mIt should be noted that although the described container support chassis is designed for use with containers of dimensions 6.10 m x 2.44 m x 2.44 m, other containers with other dimensions can also be treated by the chassis according to the invention. Desirable dimensions of the chassis according to the invention are: Length anywhere approx. 8.53 m maximum width approx. 3> 34 m 7 141577 Distance between the centers of the rear and front zipper members 5.72 jn clearance between chassis frame and wheels 7.6 cm distance between wheel center and front coffers 3.05 m distance between wheel center and rear bumper 2.67 m

Under brug har det vist sig, at der ikke er nogen vanskeligheder forbundet med at løfte og transportere en fyldt 6,10 m x 2,44 m x 2,44 m container under beskyttelse af en 3 1/2 tons gaffeltruck.In use, it has been found that there is no difficulty in lifting and transporting a loaded 6.10 m x 2.44 m x 2.44 m container under the protection of a 3 1/2 ton forklift truck.

Når det ønskes at placere containeren på en lastvogn skal følgende procedure benyttes, idet der herunder gøres brug af de øvre glidelåseorganer 15 i forbindelse med de A-formede konsoller.When it is desired to place the container on a truck, the following procedure must be used, including the use of the upper zipper means 15 in connection with the A-shaped brackets.

Containeren placeres først på chassiset som beskrevet ovenfor. Derefter trykkes den forreste del nedad, hvorved den bageste del hæves, og klodser indsættes under denne bageste del. Glidelåse-organerne i den bageste del udtrækkes herefter, og den forreste del løftes op på en underlagsklods. De forreste glidelåseorganer fjernes herefter, og de øvre glidelåseorganer placeres i A-konsoUer-ne, hvorefter den forreste del løftes, og derefter placeres de bageste glidelåseorganer i A-konsollerne, hvorefter chassiset igen bringes til vandret stilling. Ladet på en lastvogn bakkes herefter ind under containeren, efter at underlagsklodserne er fjernet, og containeren kan nu sænkes ned på lastvognen. Dette kan ske ved at benytte den før omtalte metode successivt bag fra, d.v.s. ved først at løfte den forreste del af chassiset, indtil den bageste del af containeren hviler på ladet, fjernelse af de bageste glidelåseorganer, hvorefter den forreste del af containeren sænkes under successiv fjernelse af de forreste glidelåseorganer. Herefter kan containeren transporteres til et ønsket sted.The container is first placed on the chassis as described above. Then, the front part is pressed downwards, thereby raising the rear part, and bricks are inserted below this rear part. The zipper members in the rear portion are then pulled out and the front portion is lifted onto a support pad. The front zipper means are then removed and the upper zipper members are placed in the A brackets, then the front portion is lifted, and then the rear zipper members are positioned in the A brackets, after which the chassis is again brought into horizontal position. The load on a lorry is then backed into the container after the pads have been removed and the container can now be lowered onto the lorry. This can be done by using the aforementioned method successively from behind, i.e. by first lifting the front portion of the chassis until the rear portion of the container rests on the load, removing the rear zipper means, and then lowering the front portion of the container during successive removal of the front zipper members. After that, the container can be transported to a desired location.

Chassiset kan fremstilles af et hvilket som helst passende materiale og kan omfatte et 25,4 cm x 12,7 cm R.S.J.-profil med siden og bunden sammensvéjst til dannelse af en bjælkesektion.The chassis may be made of any suitable material and may comprise a 25.4 cm x 12.7 cm R.S.J. profile with the side and bottom welded together to form a beam section.

Chassiset ifølge opfindelsen er specielt anvendelig ved kajan- g 141577 læg, hvor der kun findes en mindre godsmængde, der skal behandles, og chassiset kan yderligere modificeres til tungere belastninger. Chassiset kan fremstilles i samlesæt og samles på stedet ved at sammenbolte de forskellige dele, og disse kan yderligere sammensvejses, hvis der ønskes en større styrke.The chassis according to the invention is particularly useful in berth 141577, where there is only a small amount of goods to be treated, and the chassis can be further modified for heavier loads. The chassis can be made in assemblies and assembled on site by bolting the various parts together and these can be further welded together if greater strength is desired.