DK0655084T3 - Forbedret apparat og fremgangsmåde til nedbrydning af smeltet metal - Google Patents
Forbedret apparat og fremgangsmåde til nedbrydning af smeltet metalInfo
- Publication number
- DK0655084T3 DK0655084T3 DK93908347T DK93908347T DK0655084T3 DK 0655084 T3 DK0655084 T3 DK 0655084T3 DK 93908347 T DK93908347 T DK 93908347T DK 93908347 T DK93908347 T DK 93908347T DK 0655084 T3 DK0655084 T3 DK 0655084T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- vessel
- molten metal
- hydrogen
- breaking down
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/348—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents by direct contact with heat accumulating liquids, e.g. molten metals, molten salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/10—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/182—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor horizontal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0485—Composition of the impurity the impurity being a sulfur compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1628—Controlling the pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US54223490A | 1990-06-21 | 1990-06-21 | |
US76309791A | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | |
US93025092A | 1992-08-13 | 1992-08-13 | |
US93953392A | 1992-09-01 | 1992-09-01 | |
PCT/US1993/002350 WO1994004633A1 (en) | 1990-06-21 | 1993-03-10 | Improved molten metal decomposition apparatus and process |
US5175393A | 1993-04-22 | 1993-04-22 | |
CN94112938A CN1124295A (zh) | 1990-06-21 | 1994-12-09 | 改进了的熔融金属分解设备及方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK0655084T3 true DK0655084T3 (da) | 1999-12-20 |
Family
ID=37101893
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK93908347T DK0655084T3 (da) | 1990-06-21 | 1993-03-10 | Forbedret apparat og fremgangsmåde til nedbrydning af smeltet metal |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5577346A (da) |
EP (1) | EP0655084B1 (da) |
JP (1) | JP2660102B2 (da) |
CN (1) | CN1124295A (da) |
AT (1) | ATE184633T1 (da) |
AU (1) | AU3919893A (da) |
CA (1) | CA2140876A1 (da) |
DE (1) | DE69326472T2 (da) |
DK (1) | DK0655084T3 (da) |
WO (1) | WO1994004633A1 (da) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2136073A1 (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1993-12-23 | Kevin A. Sparks | Method and apparatus for treating organic waste |
BR9306669A (pt) * | 1992-06-08 | 1998-12-08 | Molten Metal Tech Inc | Método de tratamento de um resíduo orgânico |
US5537940A (en) * | 1993-06-08 | 1996-07-23 | Molten Metal Technology, Inc. | Method for treating organic waste |
AU1211195A (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-06-27 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Improved molten metal decomposition apparatus and process |
SE505602C2 (sv) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-09-22 | Interproject Service Ab | Förfarande för att destruera gummibaserat material och plastmaterial |
US6110239A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 2000-08-29 | Marathon Ashland Petroleum Llc | Molten metal hydrocarbon gasification process |
AU6680396A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-20 | Ashland Inc. | Multi-zone molten-metal hydrogen generator |
WO1998022385A1 (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-05-28 | Ashland Inc. | Molten metal reactor and process |
AU1275697A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-06-22 | Ashland Inc. | Two-zone molten metal hydrogen-rich and carbon monoxide-rich gas generation process |
US6790430B1 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2004-09-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Hydrogen production from carbonaceous material |
US6685754B2 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2004-02-03 | Alchemix Corporation | Method for the production of hydrogen-containing gaseous mixtures |
GB0221402D0 (en) * | 2002-09-14 | 2002-10-23 | Warner Noel A | Liquid metal transport gasifier |
WO2007044592A2 (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2007-04-19 | Fairstock Technologies Corporation | Methods for transforming organic compounds using a liquefied metal alloy and related apparatus |
WO2008088790A1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-24 | Fairstock Technologies Corporation | Methods for transforming compounds using a metal alloy and related apparatus |
BRPI0817439A2 (pt) * | 2007-09-25 | 2019-09-24 | New York Energy Group Inc | gaseificador |
WO2009084751A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-09 | Posco | Method for forecasting sharp drop of pressure of melter-gasifier and method for controlling the pressure in ironmaking process |
US8303916B2 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2012-11-06 | Oscura, Inc. | Gaseous transfer in multiple metal bath reactors |
CN102439122B (zh) | 2009-05-14 | 2015-10-21 | 亚当·汉德雷克 | 用于实施化学过程的方法和设备 |
WO2012174284A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Ze-Gen, Inc. | Reactors containing liquid metal |
DE102013112205A1 (de) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-08 | Technische Universität Dortmund | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Pyrolyse wasserstoffhaltiger Verbindungen |
CN105524635B (zh) | 2016-01-19 | 2018-04-10 | 青岛理工大学 | 一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步技术 |
US20190346177A1 (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2019-11-14 | The University Of Adelaide | Concentrated solar receiver and reactor systems comprising heat transfer fluid |
EP3521241B1 (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2020-09-23 | Universidad Politécnica De Madrid | Process and device for direct thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons with liquid metal in the absence of oxygen for the production of hydrogen and carbon |
WO2019226416A1 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Natural gas conversion to chemicals and power with molten salts |
US11453584B2 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2022-09-27 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | High throughput methane pyrolysis reactor for low-cost hydrogen production |
CN114262621B (zh) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-12-13 | 北京航天石化技术装备工程有限公司 | 一种废塑料液化热解***及方法 |
EP4303177A1 (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-10 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO | Molten metal catalysed pyrolysis |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB666119A (en) * | 1948-12-06 | 1952-02-06 | Roman Rummel | Method of and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
BE789722A (fr) * | 1971-10-05 | 1973-04-05 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Procede de craquage d'une charge hydrocarbonee |
FR2186524A1 (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1974-01-11 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Continuous reducing gas prodn - by injecting hydrocarbon and oxygen into different parts of an agitated molten metal bath |
AU7299674A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1976-03-11 | Uss Eng & Consult | Gasification of coal |
JPS5244564B2 (da) * | 1974-05-15 | 1977-11-09 | ||
DE2620462A1 (de) * | 1976-05-08 | 1977-11-24 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Verfahren zum vergasen von festen, fluessigen oder gasfoermigen kohlenstofftraegern, insbesondere zur herstellung eines reduktionsgases fuer metallurgische prozesse und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
US4187672A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1980-02-12 | Rasor Associates, Inc. | Apparatus for converting carbonaceous material into fuel gases and the recovery of energy therefrom |
US4338096A (en) * | 1980-10-06 | 1982-07-06 | Cosden Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling the flow of molten reaction media |
US4422872A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1983-12-27 | Geskin Ernest S | Method of heating, melting, and coal coversion and apparatus for the same |
DE3334687A1 (de) * | 1983-09-24 | 1985-04-18 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines aus wasserstoff und kohlenmonoxid bestehenden synthesegases |
US4574714A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-03-11 | United States Steel Corporation | Destruction of toxic chemicals |
DE3614048A1 (de) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-11-05 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vergasung minderwertiger brennstoffe in einem feuerfluessigen metallschmelzbad |
-
1993
- 1993-03-10 AT AT93908347T patent/ATE184633T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-10 DE DE69326472T patent/DE69326472T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-10 EP EP93908347A patent/EP0655084B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-10 DK DK93908347T patent/DK0655084T3/da active
- 1993-03-10 AU AU39198/93A patent/AU3919893A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-03-10 CA CA002140876A patent/CA2140876A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-03-10 JP JP6506223A patent/JP2660102B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-10 WO PCT/US1993/002350 patent/WO1994004633A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1994
- 1994-12-09 CN CN94112938A patent/CN1124295A/zh active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-04-13 US US08/421,102 patent/US5577346A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0655084A1 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
JP2660102B2 (ja) | 1997-10-08 |
AU3919893A (en) | 1994-03-15 |
CA2140876A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
CN1124295A (zh) | 1996-06-12 |
DE69326472D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
JPH07506145A (ja) | 1995-07-06 |
WO1994004633A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
EP0655084B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
ATE184633T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
US5577346A (en) | 1996-11-26 |
DE69326472T2 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
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