DE9004614U1 - catalyst - Google Patents

catalyst

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Publication number
DE9004614U1
DE9004614U1 DE9004614U DE9004614U DE9004614U1 DE 9004614 U1 DE9004614 U1 DE 9004614U1 DE 9004614 U DE9004614 U DE 9004614U DE 9004614 U DE9004614 U DE 9004614U DE 9004614 U1 DE9004614 U1 DE 9004614U1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
catalyst
bypass
exhaust gas
catalyst according
carrier
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Expired - Lifetime
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DE9004614U
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German (de)
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE9004614U priority Critical patent/DE9004614U1/en
Publication of DE9004614U1 publication Critical patent/DE9004614U1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2046—Periodically cooling catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Description

Katalysatorcatalyst

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Katalysator zur Reinigung von Abgasen ans Kraftfahrzeugmotoren, mit siiiesw Abgas-Eintrittsstutzen und einem Abgas-Austrittsstutzen.The invention relates to a catalyst for purifying exhaust gases from motor vehicle engines, with an exhaust gas inlet nozzle and an exhaust gas outlet nozzle.

In gro.Sets Auamaii «. ?dw ka^alytische Reaktoren zur Reinigung von "^gasezi cas Kraftfahrzeugmocoren ©ingesetzt. In der Kaltstartphase treten relativ hohe K^iissione* auf, bis der Katalysator seine ^c; triebs temperatur erreicht hat. Zur Verkürzung der Aufwärmzeit des Katalysators werden oereite elektrisch beheizte Metallcräger erprobt. Diese müssen jedoch nach heutigem Stand vor dem Motorstart längere Zeit aufgeheizt werden.Catalytic reactors are used in large sets of vehicles to purify gases from motor vehicle engines. During the cold start phase, relatively high temperatures occur until the catalyst has reached its operating temperature. Electrically heated metal supports are already being tested to shorten the warm-up time of the catalyst. However, according to current standards, these must be heated up for a longer period before the engine is started.

Auf der anderen Seite gibt es Schwierigkeiten durch Übertemperavaren bei Auftreffen hoher Konzentrationen unverbrannter Kohlenwasserstoffe auf den heißen Katalysator.On the other hand, there are difficulties caused by over-temperatures when high concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons hit the hot catalyst.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den eingangs erläuterten Katalysator zu verbessern.The invention is based on the object of improving the catalyst explained at the beginning.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung gelöst durch einen den Ein- und Austrittsstutzen miteinander verbindenden, den Träger umgehenden Bypass, der durch ein gesteuertes Verschlußorgan freigegeben oder verschlossen ist, dessen Steuerung über eine Zeit- und/oder Temperaturschaltung erfolgt.This object is achieved according to the invention by a bypass connecting the inlet and outlet nozzles to one another, bypassing the carrier, which is opened or closed by a controlled closure element, the control of which is carried out via a time and/or temperature circuit.

Dabei ist es möglich, daß der Bypass als Rohr durch den Träger des Katalysators hindurchgeführt ist. Der Träger kann dabei in üblicher Weise als Metallträger durch Übereinanderwickeln von Gl-itt- und Wellblechlagen hergestellt sein. Der Durchmesser des durch diesen Träger hindurciigei^h. . an Bypass-Rohres ist so groß zu wählen, daß der Druckverlust in den Kanälen des Trägers so iel größer ist- daß bei geöffnetem Verschlußorgan nahezu das gesamte Abgas durch das Bypass-Rohr strömt.It is possible for the bypass to be in the form of a pipe through the catalyst carrier. The carrier can be made in the usual way as a metal carrier by winding layers of smooth and corrugated sheet metal on top of each other. The diameter of the bypass pipe passing through this carrier must be chosen to be large enough that the pressure loss in the channels of the carrier is so much greater that when the closure element is open, almost all of the exhaust gas flows through the bypass pipe.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche und werden in Verbindung mit weiteren Vorteilen der Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.Further features of the invention are the subject of the subclaims and are explained in more detail in conjunction with further advantages of the invention using exemplary embodiments.

In der Zeichnung ist eine als Beispiel dienende Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:
20The drawing shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention. It shows:
20

Figur 1 in schematischer Darstellung einen aus Vor- und Hauptkatalysator bestehenden Katalysator undFigure 1 shows a schematic representation of a catalyst consisting of a pre-catalyst and a main catalyst and

Figur 2 ebenfalls in schematischer Darstellung im Längsschnitt einen Lösungsvorschlag für einen KatalyFigure 2 also shows a schematic representation in longitudinal section a proposed solution for a catalyst

sator mit Bypass.sator with bypass.

Per in Figur 1 dargestellte Katalysator setzt sich zusammen aus einem Vorkatalysator 1 und einem diesem nachgeschalteten Hauptkatalysator 2. Der Vorkatalysator 1 ist mit einem Bypass 3 versehen, der den Abgas-Eintrittsstutzen 9 des Vorkatalysators 1 mit dessen Abgas-Austrittsstutzen 10 verbindet. In den Bypass 3 ist ein gesteuertes Verschlußorgan 4 in Form einer Klappe vorgesehen. Ein vergleichbares Verschlußorgan 5 ist im Abgas-Eintrittsstutzen 9 vor dem Vorkatalysator 1 und hinter der Abzweigung des Bypass 3 vorgesehen. Die Steuerung der !.lappen 4,5 kann über eineThe catalyst shown in Figure 1 consists of a pre-catalyst 1 and a main catalyst 2 connected downstream of it. The pre-catalyst 1 is provided with a bypass 3, which connects the exhaust gas inlet connection 9 of the pre-catalyst 1 with its exhaust gas outlet connection 10. A controlled closure element 4 in the form of a flap is provided in the bypass 3. A comparable closure element 5 is provided in the exhaust gas inlet connection 9 in front of the pre-catalyst 1 and behind the branch of the bypass 3. The flaps 4, 5 can be controlled via a

5 Zeitsteuerung und/oder eine Temperatursteuerung nrfo.lgen, wobei in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Tempei >&igr; >x< fühler 6 im Abgas-Eintrittsstutzen 9 sowie ein Temperaturfühler 7 im Abgas-Austrittsstutzen 11 des Hauptkatalysators 2 vorgesehen sind. 5 Time control and/or temperature control can take place, whereby in the illustrated embodiment a temperature sensor 6 is provided in the exhaust gas inlet connection 9 and a temperature sensor 7 is provided in the exhaust gas outlet connection 11 of the main catalyst 2.

Die möglichen Betriebsweisen des Katalysators gemäß Figur 1 sind wie folgt:The possible operating modes of the catalyst according to Figure 1 are as follows:

KataIyaaLuL mit BypassCataIy aaLuL with bypass

Der Katalysator (1) wird als elektrisch beheizbarer Katalysator ausgeführt. Nach dem Kaltstart ist die Klappe (4) offen, die Klappe (5) geschlossen. Das anfänglich relativ kalte Abgas wird so an Katalysator (1) vorbeigeführt, kann aber boim Katalysator (2) schon eine mäßige Aufwartung bewirken. Währenddessen wird Katalysator (1) elektrisch geheizt. Nach einer hinreichenden Zeitdauer oder nach Erreichen einer hinreichenden Gastemperatur am Katalysatoreintritt, angezeigt durch Temperaturfühler (6), wird der Bypass geschlossen und das Abgas durchströmt beide Katalysatoren.The catalyst (1) is designed as an electrically heated catalyst. After a cold start, the flap (4) is open and the flap (5) is closed. The initially relatively cold exhaust gas is thus guided past the catalyst (1), but can already cause a moderate build-up in the catalyst (2). During this time, the catalyst (1) is heated electrically. After a sufficient period of time or after a sufficient gas temperature has been reached at the catalyst inlet, indicated by the temperature sensor (6), the bypass is closed and the exhaust gas flows through both catalysts.

2. Unbeheizter Vorkatalysator mit Bypass2. Unheated pre-catalyst with bypass

/1\ i.T-i rA z> 1 t- C +■ = ■>- *■ L- ·= 4- ■= V , . &mdash; ^ U &eegr;&ngr; &Igr;,.,&ngr;-&mdash; U,'&ldquor;4-^-&ngr;- J ^m/1\ iT-i rA z> 1 t- C +■ = ■>- *■ L- ·= 4- ■= V , . — ^ U &eegr;&ngr;&Igr;,.,&ngr;-&mdash;U,'&ldquor;4-^-&ngr;- J ^m

puff krümmer angebracht. Nach dem Kaltstart ist die Klappe (4) geschlossen, die Klappe (5) offen. Nach hinreichender Betriebszeit oder bei ausreichender Temperatur hinter dem Hauptkatalysator, angezeigt durch Temperaturfühler (7), wird der Bypass geöffnet (Klappe (4) auf, Klappe (5) zu). Der Startkatalysator ist damit vor übertemperatüren geschützt. Da sich das Abgas in einem hinreichend langen Rohr stück abkühlen kann (Ö), wird die Reaktionswärme eines HC-Schubes im Hauptkatalysator erheblich geringere absolute Temperaturen hervorrufen.puff manifold. After a cold start, the flap (4) is closed and the flap (5) is open. After a sufficient operating time or when the temperature behind the main catalyst is sufficient, indicated by the temperature sensor (7), the bypass is opened (flap (4) open, flap (5) closed). The start catalyst is thus protected from excessive temperatures. Since the exhaust gas can cool down in a sufficiently long pipe section (Ö), the reaction heat of an HC surge in the main catalyst will cause significantly lower absolute temperatures.

3. Kombination der Betriebsweisen 1. und 2.3. Combination of operating modes 1 and 2.

Die beschriebenen Betriebsweisen lassen sich auch vorteilhaft kombinieren, indem der elektrisch beheizbare Katalysator (1) *&mdash;~" ^rrsiciisn 3&idiagr;&pgr;&egr;&Ggr; ninrsiCiisnuen j.emperst katalysator (2) durch Öffnen des Bypasses wieder aus dem Abgasstrom herausgenommen wird.The described operating modes can also be advantageously combined by removing the electrically heated catalyst (1) and the exhaust gas catalyst (2) from the exhaust gas flow by opening the bypass.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine praktische Ausführung eines Katalysators mit Bypass. Der Träger la wird wie bekannt als Metallträger durch Übereinander rwickeln von Glatt- und Wellblechanlagen hergestellt. Bei hinreichender Dimensionierung des Innenrohres 3 (Bypass) erübrigt sich ein Verschluß des Katalysatorquerschnitts, da wegen des höheren Druckverlustes in den Kanälen des Trägers das Abgas bei offener Klappe 4 fast nur durch das Innenrohr strömen wird. Fig. 2 shows a practical design of a catalyst with a bypass. The carrier 1a is manufactured as is known as a metal carrier by winding smooth and corrugated sheet metal over one another. If the inner pipe 3 (bypass) is sufficiently dimensioned, there is no need to close off the catalyst cross-section, since due to the higher pressure loss in the channels of the carrier, the exhaust gas will flow almost exclusively through the inner pipe when the flap 4 is open .

Gr/Gru.-Gr/Gru.-

Claims (7)

Schutzansprüche:Protection claims: 1. Katalysator zur Reinigung von Abgasen aus Kraftfahrzeugmocoren, mit einem Abgas-Eintrittsstutzen (9) und einem Abgas-Austrittsstutzen (10), gekennzeichnet durch einen den Ein- und Austrittsstutzen (9,10) miteinander verbindenden, den Träger (la) umgehenden Bypass (3), der durch ein gesteuertes Verschlußorgan (4,5) freigegeben oder verschlossen ist, dessen Steuerung über eine Zeit- und/oder Temperaturschaltung (6,7) erfolgt.1. Catalyst for cleaning exhaust gases from motor vehicle engines, with an exhaust gas inlet nozzle (9) and an exhaust gas outlet nozzle (10), characterized by a bypass (3) connecting the inlet and outlet nozzles (9,10) to one another, bypassing the carrier (1a), which is opened or closed by a controlled closure element (4,5) which is controlled by a time and/or temperature switch (6,7). 2. Katalysator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bypass (3) als Rohr durch den Träger (la) des Katalysators (1) hindurchgeführt ist. (Figur 2)2. Catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass (3) is guided as a pipe through the carrier (la) of the catalyst (1). (Figure 2) 1515 3. Katalysator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verschlußorgan (4,5) durch zumindest eine Klappe gebildet ist.3. Catalyst according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the closure member (4, 5) is formed by at least one flap. 4. Katalysator nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, gekennzeichnet durch einen mit dem Bypass (3) versehenen Vorkatalysator (1), dem ein Hauptkatalysator (2) nachgeschaltet ist.4. Catalyst according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by a pre-catalyst (1) provided with the bypass (3), which is followed by a main catalyst (2). 5. Katalysator nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vorkatalysator (1) elektrisch beheizbar ist.5. Catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that the pre-catalyst (1) is electrically heatable. 6. Katalysator nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet- dr.rch einen :"~i Abgas-Eintrittsstutsen (9) angeordneten Abgas-Temperaturfühler (6) zur Steuerung des Dypass-Verschlußorgans (4,5).6. Catalyst according to claim 5, characterized by an exhaust gas temperature sensor (6) arranged in the exhaust gas inlet nozzle (9) for controlling the dypass closure member (4, 5). 7. Katalysator nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mit dem Bypass (3) versehene Vorkatalysator (J) als Startkatalysator ausgebildet ist, und daß zur Steuerung des Bypass-Verschlußorgans (4,5) hinter dem Hauptkatalysator (2) ein Abgas-Temperaturfühler (7) angeordnet ist.7. Catalyst according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the pre-catalyst (J) provided with the bypass (3) is designed as a starting catalyst, and that an exhaust gas temperature sensor (7) is arranged behind the main catalyst (2) to control the bypass closure member (4, 5).
DE9004614U 1990-04-24 1990-04-24 catalyst Expired - Lifetime DE9004614U1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9004614U DE9004614U1 (en) 1990-04-24 1990-04-24 catalyst

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9004614U DE9004614U1 (en) 1990-04-24 1990-04-24 catalyst

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DE9004614U1 true DE9004614U1 (en) 1991-03-14

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0556854A1 (en) * 1992-02-20 1993-08-25 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust emission control system
WO1993019289A1 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-09-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Radial flow exhaust catalytic converter
DE4442456A1 (en) * 1994-11-29 1996-05-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag I.c. engine with starting catalyser
DE19602287A1 (en) * 1995-02-02 1996-08-08 Nissan Motor Low cost, less complex, exhaust gas catalyst with rapid electrical heating
EP0763651A1 (en) * 1995-09-18 1997-03-19 Corning Incorporated Close-coupled catalytic converter system
DE102011111088A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-21 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) System for reducing exhaust gas back pressure in exhaust line of e.g. petrol combustion engine of motor vehicle, has exhaust gas bypass channel arranged within catalytic converter, where effluent stream is partly conveyed through channel

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0556854A1 (en) * 1992-02-20 1993-08-25 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust emission control system
US5349816A (en) * 1992-02-20 1994-09-27 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust emission control system
WO1993019289A1 (en) * 1992-03-17 1993-09-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Radial flow exhaust catalytic converter
DE4442456A1 (en) * 1994-11-29 1996-05-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag I.c. engine with starting catalyser
DE19602287A1 (en) * 1995-02-02 1996-08-08 Nissan Motor Low cost, less complex, exhaust gas catalyst with rapid electrical heating
DE19602287C2 (en) * 1995-02-02 2000-05-18 Nissan Motor Catalytic converter for internal combustion engines
EP0763651A1 (en) * 1995-09-18 1997-03-19 Corning Incorporated Close-coupled catalytic converter system
US5850734A (en) * 1995-09-18 1998-12-22 Corning Incorporated Close-coupled catalytic converter system
DE102011111088A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-21 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) System for reducing exhaust gas back pressure in exhaust line of e.g. petrol combustion engine of motor vehicle, has exhaust gas bypass channel arranged within catalytic converter, where effluent stream is partly conveyed through channel

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