DE8402801U1 - Fastening means for the assembly of support devices, in particular cable ducts - Google Patents

Fastening means for the assembly of support devices, in particular cable ducts

Info

Publication number
DE8402801U1
DE8402801U1 DE19848402801 DE8402801U DE8402801U1 DE 8402801 U1 DE8402801 U1 DE 8402801U1 DE 19848402801 DE19848402801 DE 19848402801 DE 8402801 U DE8402801 U DE 8402801U DE 8402801 U1 DE8402801 U1 DE 8402801U1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
web
fastening means
legs
clip
resilient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE19848402801
Other languages
German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
H Heer & Co Ag 4601 Olten Ch
Original Assignee
H Heer & Co Ag 4601 Olten Ch
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by H Heer & Co Ag 4601 Olten Ch filed Critical H Heer & Co Ag 4601 Olten Ch
Publication of DE8402801U1 publication Critical patent/DE8402801U1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0642—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0664—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship at least one of the sheets or plates having integrally formed or integrally connected snap-in-features
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/02—Details
    • H02G3/06—Joints for connecting lengths of protective tubing or channels, to each other or to casings, e.g. to distribution boxes; Ensuring electrical continuity in the joint
    • H02G3/0608—Joints for connecting non cylindrical conduits, e.g. channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/26—Installations of cables, lines, or separate protective tubing therefor directly on or in walls, ceilings, or floors
    • H02G3/263—Installation, e.g. suspension, of conduit channels or other supports

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Description

t I · · t ·· · I Ilt I · · t ·· · I Il

t ( I · · · Il liltt (I · · · Il lilt

ιι tt (I t llllfi(I t llllfi

t I f < Iit I f <Ii

Befestigungsmittel für die Montage von Tragvorrichtungen, insbesondere KabelkanälenFasteners for the assembly of supporting devices, especially cable ducts

Die Neuerung betrifft ein Befestigungsmittel für die Montage von Tragvorrichtungen, die auf gelochten Konsolen abgestützte, tablarartige gelochte Tragelemente aufweisen. Die Tragelemente sind insbesondere Kabelkanäle» die aus gelochten Blechen hergestellt sind*The innovation relates to a fastener for assembly of support devices which have shelf-like perforated support elements supported on perforated consoles. The support elements are in particular cable ducts made from perforated metal sheets are made *

Die Stossverblndungen aneinanderanschliessender Tragelemente wie auch die Verbindung derselben mit den Konsolen hat man bisher durch Verschraubung oder auch mittels Verbindungslaschen hergestellt, die durch Schliizlöeher im Tragelement und in der Konsole hindurchgesteckt werden und deren hindurchgesteckte Enden durch Biegen mit der Zange verdreht werden. Bei der Montage von Tragvorrichtungen wie beispielsweise Kabelkanälen über grosse Distanzen sind eine Vielzahl solcher Verbindungen herzustellen, was bei Verwendung von Schrauben bzw. Einsatz von Werkzeugen zum Verbiegen der Laschen sehr zeitraubend ist.The butt joints of adjoining supporting elements as well as the connection of the same with the consoles has so far been made by screwing or by means of connecting straps, which are made by Schliizlöeher in the support element and are inserted through the console and twisted the inserted ends by bending with the pliers will. When mounting support devices such as cable ducts over large distances, there are a large number of them to produce such connections, which is when using screws or tools to bend the Tabs is very time consuming.

Die der Neuerung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe bestand daher darin, ein einfacheres Befestigungsmittel für die Montage zu schaffen, mit welchem aneinanderanschliessende gelochte Tragelemente miteinander bzw. diese Tragelemente mit gelochten Konsolen ohne grossen Zeitaufwand verbunden werden können. Dies wird durch eine Klammer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 erreicht, die einfach nur in benachbarte Schlitzlöcher aneinanderanschliessender Tragelemente bzw. in benachbarte Schlitzlöcher eines Tragelementes und die deckungsgleich darunterliegenden Schlitzlöcher in einer Konsole hineingesteckt werden müssen.The task on which the innovation is based was therefore to find a simpler fastening means for to create the assembly with which perforated support elements adjoining one another or these support elements can be connected to perforated brackets without a large expenditure of time. This is indicated by a bracket with the Features of claim 1 achieved, which simply only have to be inserted into adjacent slotted holes of adjoining supporting elements or into adjacent slotted holes of a supporting element and the congruent underlying slotted holes in a bracket.

Il · · * fIl · · * f

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Neuerungsgegenstandes sowie ein Beispiel der Anwendung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:An exemplary embodiment of the subject of the innovation and an example of its application are described below with reference to FIG Drawings explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 eine schauMldliche Darstellung der Klammer in grösserem Masstab;Fig. 1 is a graphic representation of the bracket in larger scale;

Fig. 2 ein Beispiel der Anwendung der Klammer zum Verbinden eines Tragelementes mit einer Konsole, in auseinandergezogener schaubildlicher Darstellung der Teile in natürlicher ÖrÖsse;FIG. 2 shows an example of the use of the clamp for connecting a support element to a bracket, in FIG exploded diagrammatic representation of the parts in natural ÖrÖsse;

Fig. 3 die Klammer in ihrer endgültigen Lage beim Anwendungsbeispiel gemäss Fig. 2.3 shows the clamp in its final position in the application example according to FIG. 2.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Klammer 1 besteht aus einem einstückigen Materialstreifen aus Federstahl, dessen Mittelabschnitt einen ebenen Steg 2 bildet. Die an die beiden Enden des Stegs 2 anschliessenden Abschnitte des Materialstreifens sind an den Kanten 3 und 4 zunächst scharf zurückgebogen, dann nach unten abgewinkelt und anschliessend bogenförmig als Schenkel 5 und 6 so ausgebildet, dass sie an der Unterseite des Stegs 2 enden. Dabei sind diese Schenkel 5 und 6 bezüglich einer durch die Mitte des Stegs 2 verlaufenden Symmetrielinie spiegelbildlich gleich ausgebildet und weisen jeder im Abstand von der Unterseite des Stegs 2 eine durch Biegen geformte, zur Stegmitte vorspringende Rastnase 7 bzw. 8 auf, mit welcher jeder Schenkel, wenn er durch ein Schlitzloch im Tragelement bzw. ein Schlitzloch in der Konsole hindurchgesteckt ist, den Lochrand hintergreift, was aus Fig. 3 erkennbar ist, in welcher ein Tragelement 10 mit Schlitzlöchern 11 sowie eine Konsole 12 mit Schlitzlöchern 13 im Zusammenwirken mit einer Klammer 1 gemäss Fig. 1 dargestellt sind·The clamp 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a one-piece strip of material made of spring steel, the middle section of which forms a flat web 2. The one at the two ends of the web 2 adjoining sections of the material strip are initially bent back sharply at the edges 3 and 4, then angled downwards and then formed in an arc shape as legs 5 and 6 in such a way that they end on the underside of the web 2. These legs are 5 and 6 with respect to a line of symmetry running through the center of the web 2, they are designed and have the same mirror image each at a distance from the underside of the web 2 is formed by bending, protruding to the web center locking lug 7 and 8, with which each leg when it passes through a slotted hole in the support element or a slotted hole in the console is pushed through, engages behind the edge of the hole, which can be seen from FIG. 3, in which a support element 10 with slotted holes 11 and a bracket 12 with slotted holes 13 in cooperation with a bracket 1 according to FIG Fig. 1 are shown ·

Um die Klammer 1 aus dieser Stellung wieder zu lösen, in der sie das Tragelement 10 mit der Konsole 12 oder zwei aneinanderanschliessende Tragelemente verbindet, weist die Klammer 1 auf der Längsmittellinie des Stegs 2 ein Langloch 9 auf, durch das hindurch mit einen Werkzeug die federnden Schenkel 5 und 6 der Klammer 1 zusammengedrückt werden können, um die Klammer nach oben zu entfernen.In order to release the clamp 1 from this position again, in which it connects the support element 10 with the console 12 or two connects adjoining support elements, the clamp 1 has on the longitudinal center line of the web 2 an elongated hole 9 through which a tool passes resilient legs 5 and 6 of the clamp 1 can be compressed to remove the clamp upwards.

Eine beispielsweise Anwendung der Klammer für die Montage von Kabelkanälen geht aus Pig. 2 hervor. Ein für die Deckenmontage mit einer verstellbaren Aufhängung bestimmtes Tragelement 10 in Form eines Kabelkanals soll mit Hilfe von Klammern 1 gemäss Fig. 1 an einer Konsole 12 befestigt werden. Die Konsole 12 hängt an einem Aufhängeband 14, das auf der ganzen Länge eine spezielle Lochung 15 besitzt und das sich mit seinen beiden Enden durch Schlitze 16 in der Konsole hindurcherstreckt, sodass am Ende ein quaderförmiger Riegel 17 von der Seite durch Schlitze 18 in der Konsole und durch die spezielle Lochung 15 in dem Aufhängeband hindurchgesteckt werden kann, wobei aufgrund der speziellen Lochung 15 die Konsole 12 wahlweise in unterschiedlicher Höhe aufgehängt werden kann. Mit Hilfe einer das Aufhängeband 14 untergreifenden Bandpiatte 19, einer Schraube 20 und eines in der Decke zu befestigenden Gewindedübels 21 ist das Aufhängeband 14 unterhalb einer Decke befestigt* Die Hammern 1 werden mit ihren federnden Schenkeln 5 und 6 durch die Schlitzlöcher 11 im Kabelkanal 10 und durch die Schlitzlöcher 13 in der Konsole 12 hindurchgesteckt und halten damit den Kabelkanal 10 auf der Konsole 12 fest, wobei die Rastnasen 7 und 8 der federnden Schenkel 5 und 6 der Klammer 1 den Lochrand vom Sehlitzloch in der Konsole hintergreifen.An example of an application of the clamp for the assembly of cable ducts goes from Pig. 2 emerges. A support element 10 in the form of a cable duct intended for ceiling mounting with an adjustable suspension is to be used with the aid of Clamps 1 according to FIG. 1 attached to a bracket 12 will. The console 12 hangs on a hanging strap 14, which has a special perforation 15 along its entire length and which extends through slots 16 at both ends extends through the console, so that at the end a cuboid bolt 17 from the side through slots 18 can be inserted in the console and through the special perforation 15 in the hanging strap, due to the special perforation 15, the console 12 can optionally be hung at different heights. With help a band plate 19 engaging under the suspension band 14, a screw 20 and a threaded dowel 21 to be fastened in the ceiling, the suspension strap 14 is below a Ceiling attached * The hammers 1 are resilient with their Legs 5 and 6 pushed through the slot holes 11 in the cable duct 10 and through the slot holes 13 in the console 12 and thus hold the cable duct 10 on the Console 12 fixed, the locking lugs 7 and 8 of the resilient legs 5 and 6 of the bracket 1, the edge of the hole from Reach behind the seat hole in the console.

Claims (2)

r. Befestigungsmittel für die Montage von Tragvorrichtungen, die auf gelochten Konsolen abgestützte, tablarartige gelochte Tragelemente aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zum Verbinden aneinanderanschliessender gelochter Tragelemente (10) sowie zum Verbinden derselben mit den Konsolen (12) dienenden Befestigungsmittel aus Klammoi*ii (1) bestehen, die jeweils von einem einstückigen gebogenen Materialstreifen aus federndem Material gebildet sind, welche: einen aus dem Mittelabschnitt des Materialstreifens gebildeten ebenen Steg (2) und zwei aus bogenförmig einwärts bis zur Unterseite des Stegs zurückgebogenen Abschnitten des Materialstreifens gebildete federnde Schenkel (5» 6) umfasst, die bezüglich einer durch die Mitte des Stegs (2) verlaufenden Symmetrielinie spiegelbildlich gleich sind und im Abstand von der äegunterseite durch Biegen geformte, zur Mitte des Stegs vorspringende Rastnasen (7, 8) aufweisen, die bei in Schlitzlöcher (11) im Tragelement (10) sowie in Schlitzlöcher (13) in der Konsole (12) hineingesteckten Schenkeln (5, 6) den Lochrand zu hintergreifen bestimmt sind.r. Fasteners for the assembly of supporting devices, which have shelf-like perforated support elements supported on perforated consoles, characterized in that that the perforated support elements (10) for connecting adjoining one another and for connecting the same with the consoles (12) serving fasteners Klammoi * ii (1) consist, each of a one-piece curved strips of material are formed from resilient material, which: one from the central portion of the strip of material formed flat web (2) and two from curved inward to the underside of the web Sections of the strip of material formed resilient legs (5 »6), which with respect to a by the center of the web (2) running symmetry line are mirror images of the same and at a distance from the äegunterseite have latching lugs (7, 8) formed by bending and projecting towards the center of the web, which in slot holes (11) legs (5, 6) inserted into the support element (10) and into slotted holes (13) in the console (12) Are intended to reach behind the edge of the hole. 2. Befestigungsmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klammer (1) ein auf der Längsmittellinie des Stegs (2) ausgebildetes Langloch (9) zum Hindurchsteeken eines Werkzeugs zwecks Zusammendrucken jedes der federnden2. Fastening means according to claim 1, characterized in that the clip (1) has an elongated hole (9) formed on the longitudinal center line of the web (2) for piercing a tool for the purpose of compressing each of the resilient ones .. 2 -Schenkel (5, 6) beim Entfernen der Klammer (1) aufweist... 2 legs (5, 6) when removing the clip (1). 3 · Befestigungsmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klammer (1) aus Federstahl besteht.3. Fastening means according to claim 1, characterized in that the clip (1) consists of spring steel.
DE19848402801 1983-02-10 1984-02-01 Fastening means for the assembly of support devices, in particular cable ducts Expired DE8402801U1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH75583A CH659509A5 (en) 1983-02-10 1983-02-10 FASTENING MEANS FOR INSTALLATION OF SUPPORTING DEVICES, IN PARTICULAR CABLE DUCT.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE8402801U1 true DE8402801U1 (en) 1984-05-03

Family

ID=4194435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19848402801 Expired DE8402801U1 (en) 1983-02-10 1984-02-01 Fastening means for the assembly of support devices, in particular cable ducts

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CH (1) CH659509A5 (en)
DE (1) DE8402801U1 (en)
FR (1) FR2540946A3 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012031691A1 (en) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-15 Dieter Ramsauer Fastening device
CN102834625A (en) * 2010-04-13 2012-12-19 罗格朗法国公司 Mechanical assembly having simplified use

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2611830B1 (en) * 1987-03-06 1989-05-26 Tolartois Sa DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING SECTIONS OF CABLE PATHS
BE1001827A3 (en) * 1988-06-24 1990-03-13 Chicago Metallic Continent Nv Device for hanging up elements and hanger used for this
GB9019495D0 (en) * 1990-09-06 1990-10-24 Swifts Of Scarborough Ltd Improvements relating to connecting devices
GB9319779D0 (en) * 1993-09-24 1993-11-10 Dzus Fastener Europe Spring clip fastener
ES2107630T3 (en) * 1992-11-24 1997-12-01 Rich Muller Ltd DEVICE FOR THE COUPLING OF CABLE SUPPORT COMPONENTS.
FR2730028B1 (en) * 1995-02-01 1997-03-14 Mavil FIXING DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING PERFORATED SHEET CABLE TRAILS
DE19722810C2 (en) * 1997-05-30 2000-06-08 Springfix Befestigungstechnik Device for fastening cable ducts to trusses
FR2785340B1 (en) * 1998-11-03 2001-01-26 Metal Deploye Sa DEVICE FOR FIXING A WIRE ON A CARRIER ELEMENT PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE OPENING AND CARRIER ASSEMBLY FOR A CABLE ROUTE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SUCH DEVICE
FR2817924B1 (en) 2000-12-11 2003-10-31 Eurep COLLAR FOR QUICK FIXING OF CABLES TO A CABLE ROUTE
GB2558759B (en) * 2016-12-02 2020-02-19 Gripple Ltd Suspension assembly
GB201812081D0 (en) 2018-07-24 2018-09-05 Gripple Ltd Suspension assembly
DK3663592T3 (en) * 2018-12-04 2023-04-24 Gustav Hensel Gmbh & Co Kg Connector system
GB2598057B (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-07-06 Gripple Ltd Suspension assembly
CN112688258A (en) * 2020-11-19 2021-04-20 安徽华希电力科技有限公司 Can prevent in disorder aluminium gold cable testing bridge that has heat dissipation function
CN112688252A (en) * 2020-11-19 2021-04-20 安徽华希电力科技有限公司 Anti-scratch high-strength aluminum alloy cable bridge connecting device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102834625A (en) * 2010-04-13 2012-12-19 罗格朗法国公司 Mechanical assembly having simplified use
CN102834625B (en) * 2010-04-13 2015-03-18 罗格朗法国公司 Mechanical assembly having simplified use
WO2012031691A1 (en) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-15 Dieter Ramsauer Fastening device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH659509A5 (en) 1987-01-30
FR2540946A3 (en) 1984-08-17
FR2540946B3 (en) 1985-02-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE8402801U1 (en) Fastening means for the assembly of support devices, in particular cable ducts
DE853408C (en) Easily detachable connection of building game parts
EP0602314B1 (en) Device for securing fastening elements in seatings by the elasticity of springs
DE3047973C2 (en)
DE3224819A1 (en) SUSPENSION FOR CEILING PANELS
DE2824902C2 (en) Device for the temporary fixing of facade elements
AT500454B1 (en) END CLIP FOR AN INSULATED UPPER-IRISH CABLE
DE69927019T2 (en) A SHELVING WALL DEVICE FOR STORAGE AND STORAGE SHELVES
DE2215707C3 (en) Clamping device
DE1813799U (en) SPRING CLIP FOR FASTENING A ROD-SHAPED COMPONENT IN THE HOLE OF A SECOND COMPONENT.
CH643037A5 (en) Device for attaching objects, especially electrical apparatuses, to a profiled rail having flanges which project outwards in opposite directions
DE2915545C2 (en) Device for fastening a recessed ceiling light with a fastening edge that is offset to the outside and parallel to the ceiling on ceiling supports
DE2307957A1 (en) SUPPORTING DEVICE LIKE A CONSOLE
DE1575285A1 (en) Clamp
CH650847A5 (en) Mounting device for fastening on profiled rails having an essentially C-shaped cross-section
DE947001C (en) Switchboard or distribution board system
DE2632119C3 (en) Radiator bracket
DE102007060953A1 (en) Click-stop device for mounting e.g. air duct, for sanitary, heating, ventilation or air conditioning systems at wall or ceiling, has actuating unit provided at free ends of locking side pieces that are connected with one another by bar
EP1268956A1 (en) Fence comprising grid elements
DE1529750C (en) Post with height-adjustable support arm with jaws that encompass parts of the post
DE102004006209B4 (en) connecting device
DE202006007386U1 (en) Flat or angular joint element, comprising bores for fixing and spike for temporary joining
DE270803C (en)
DE8119456U1 (en) &#34;SERIES CLAMP FOR TUBES, HOSES AND THE LIKE.&#34;
DE2502636B2 (en) DEVICE FOR HANGING A FRAME